CN111521068B - Infrared point source deflection guiding device and control method - Google Patents
Infrared point source deflection guiding device and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111521068B CN111521068B CN202010189143.7A CN202010189143A CN111521068B CN 111521068 B CN111521068 B CN 111521068B CN 202010189143 A CN202010189143 A CN 202010189143A CN 111521068 B CN111521068 B CN 111521068B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
- F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of infrared analog simulation. The invention discloses an infrared point source deflection device and a control method, wherein the device comprises: and the metal sheet is in contact with the electrode and is used for simulating the infrared radiation characteristic of the target in a frame frequency and temperature range which can be achieved through the heating and naturally cooling processes. The control method comprises the following steps: determining a power-on voltage according to the infrared radiation characteristic of the target; and carrying out energization heating on the metal sheet according to the energization voltage. The invention meets the requirement of high frame frequency and is used for simulating the infrared radiation characteristic of a target to be landed; the method provides a firm technical guarantee for the intended defense, can be used as a final protection means for the ground after the missile interception fails, and is a new scheme different from the existing technical research and development idea.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of infrared analog simulation, in particular to an infrared point source deflection guiding device and a control method.
Background
In a target defense system, aiming at an infrared imaging guidance system with good maneuvering performance and strong penetration capacity, air defense in a terminal guidance stage is the final guarantee for protecting a target. The air defense means in the terminal guidance stage in the prior art comprise photoelectric false targets, infrared decoys and other means, but a point source guiding device which utilizes an extremely thin metal sheet to simulate the infrared characteristic does not appear in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
One object of the present invention is to solve the problem that the prior art does not have a point source deflection device for simulating infrared characteristics by using an extremely thin metal sheet.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an infrared point source deflecting device comprising:
and the metal sheet is in contact with the electrode and is used for simulating the infrared radiation characteristic of the target at a frame frequency and a temperature range which can be achieved through the heating and temperature rise and natural temperature reduction processes during electrification.
Preferably, the electrodes are controlled by a controller, and the controller controls the electrifying voltage to enable the metal sheet to reach a preset temperature range and a preset frame frequency.
Preferably, the metal sheet is a continuous conductive structure.
Preferably, the metal sheet is a titanium sheet.
Preferably, the infrared point source deflection device further comprises a shell, a bottom plate and a fixing device; the sealing shell and the bottom plate form a sealing structure, and the fixing device is used for fixing the metal sheet in the sealing structure.
Preferably, the housing is provided with an infrared window through which infrared waves can pass.
Preferably, the shell is further provided with a window pressing plate and an O-shaped ring, wherein the two-way end face sealing is carried out between the window pressing plate and the infrared window by using the O-shaped ring; and an O-shaped ring is used between the bottom plate and the shell for end face sealing.
Preferably, the housing is provided with an inflation connector for filling the inside of the sealing structure with a protective gas.
Preferably, the device also comprises a copper pressing block, two layers of ceramic pressing plates and an adjusting jackscrew, wherein the copper pressing block covers and presses the electrode and the metal sheet, so that the motor and the metal sheet can be fully contacted and conducted; the metal sheet is extruded and fixed by two layers of ceramic pressing plates; the adjusting jackscrew is used for adjusting the pretightening force of the ceramic pressing plate so as to ensure the metal sheet to be pressed.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method for an infrared point source deflection device, comprising: determining a power-on voltage according to the infrared radiation characteristic of the target; and carrying out energization heating on the metal sheet according to the energization voltage.
The invention has the technical effects that:
1. the device can realize rapid heating temperature rise (500-1000 ℃) and natural temperature drop (1000-500 ℃) and meet the high frame frequency requirement (10Hz) and is used for simulating the infrared radiation characteristic of a target to be ground; the missile shield is simple in integral structure, good in sealing environment and low in cost, provides a solid technical guarantee for defense use (array arrangement) of a wanted place, can be used as a final protection means for the land after missile interception fails, and is a new scheme different from the existing technical research and development ideas;
2. establishing a mathematical model of the heating and cooling process of the metal sheet by adopting a continuous conductive structure form with a certain width, and guiding the selection of the metal sheet material;
3. in one embodiment, a titanium sheet with the thickness of 2 microns is used as a heating element, and the time is 50ms in the process of heating at 500-1000 ℃; in the process of natural cooling at 1000-500 ℃, the time is 50 ms; the requirement of high frame frequency (10Hz) is realized, and the method can be used for simulating the infrared radiation characteristic of the target to be ground.
Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a metal sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a schematic structural diagram of an infrared point source deflection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a cross-sectional view of an infrared point source deflection device in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2(c) is a top view of the radiation module 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-sealed housing 2-radiation module
3-base plate 4-outer shell
5-Window pressing plate 6-inflation joint
7-infrared window 8-O-shaped ring
9-copper compact 10-copper electrode
11-metal sheet 12-ceramic press plate
13-adjusting jackscrew 14-insulating bottom plate
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
< embodiment one: apparatus >
An object of the present embodiment is to provide an infrared point source deflector for protecting a target in an end guidance phase. For this reason, the device needs to be able to reach a certain temperature range and reach a high frame rate when it is heated by energization. This may enable the device to simulate the infrared radiation characteristics of the object to be protected when powered. In practice, a plurality of infrared point source devices may be used in combination, for example, a plurality of point sources may be used to form a surface source, so as to achieve the effect close to the actual target.
The present embodiment provides an infrared point source deflection device, including: the metal sheet 11 in contact with the electrode 10 can realize heating and temperature rise during electrification and can realize natural temperature reduction, and is used for simulating the infrared radiation characteristic of a target through the frame frequency and the temperature range which can be reached in the processes of heating and natural temperature reduction.
The metal sheet 11 may be a continuous conductive structure having a certain width. A continuous conductive structure refers to a structure or region on a metal sheet that does not have a means for making it non-conductive through an electrode. The sheet metal structure of one embodiment may be a hollowed-out structure, as shown in fig. 1. The advantage of hollow out construction reduces the sheetmetal equivalent width under the prerequisite of guaranteeing radiant area, makes the sheetmetal rapid heating intensifies to can rapid natural cooling. According to the structure of fig. 1, the heating time of the metal sheet can be deduced according to the law of conservation of energy, without considering the energy losses, as:
wherein C is the specific heat capacity of the heating element material; m is the mass m of the heating element, rho.L.S, and rho is the density of the material of the heating element; l is the length of the heating element; s is the sectional area S of the heating element, a is a.b, and a is the thickness of the sheet; b is the width of the sheet; Δ T is the temperature change of the foil; i is the electrifying current; r is the resistance of the heating body, and the calculation formula is
ρ0Is the resistivity of the material of the heating element. When considering that the current cannot be excessively large, if the frame rate of the infrared point source device is increased, that is, if the heating time of the metal piece is reduced, it is necessary to select a material having a high melting point, a small specific heat capacity, a small density, a small width, a small thickness, and a high resistivity. Under the condition that no energy loss is generated in the cooling process and the conduction heat transfer is neglected, the cooling time can be deduced according to the law of energy conservation as follows:
wherein phirIs the radiant heat exchange of the metal sheet, phicIs the convective heat transfer capacity of the metal sheet; if the frame frequency of the infrared point source device is increased, namely the cooling time of the metal sheet is reduced, a material with thin thickness and high emissivity is selected.
It should be noted that the shape and structure of the metal sheet are not limited to those shown in fig. 1, and as can be seen from the above formulas, the metal sheets with other shapes and structures can calculate the heating time and the cooling time according to the corresponding parameters such as equivalent width, cross-sectional area, thickness, etc. through the formulas, and further calculate the desired frame rate.
The metal sheet is contacted with the electrode, the electrode is controlled by the controller, and the controller enables the metal sheet to reach a preset temperature range and a preset frame frequency by controlling the electrified voltage. The controller in the present invention means a device for controlling the energizing voltage, which can make the metal sheet reach the preset temperature range in a very short time and can rapidly and naturally cool. Controlling the energizing voltage may include controlling the voltage value and the energizing frequency, for example, the square wave heats the metal sheet first and then naturally cools the metal sheet, and when controlling the energizing voltage, 50ms may be set to a high level for heating and another 50ms may be set to a low level for naturally cooling in one period (e.g., 100 ms). Other voltage forms, such as triangular waves, pulses, etc., may also be used, as the invention is not limited. The electrifying voltage can be determined according to different target types to be simulated, and the final purpose is to enable the metal sheet to achieve the infrared radiation characteristic similar to the target after the metal sheet is electrified and heated. The natural cooling can be realized by not electrifying the metal sheet, or keeping the temperature in a preset range by electrifying a lower voltage. In any case, other methods that enable the temperature of the metal sheet to be lowered to the predetermined temperature may be selected.
The frame frequency in this embodiment needs to be calculated by adding the time for heating to reach the preset temperature (e.g. 1000 ℃) and the time for naturally cooling to reach the preset temperature (e.g. 500 ℃), for example, 50ms is consumed for heating from 500 ℃ to 1000 ℃ and 50ms is consumed for naturally cooling from 1000 ℃ to 500 ℃ in one period, and then the calculated frame frequency is 10 Hz. The temperature range in this embodiment is, in this example, a range of 500 ℃ to 1000 ℃. By means of the frame frequency and the temperature range, the infrared radiation characteristic of the object to be protected can be simulated.
In practical use, mechanical parts need to be designed to provide fixing and supporting for the metal sheet 11, and the purpose of the invention can be achieved in an environment with better air tightness. One embodiment of the mechanical structure is shown in fig. 2 and comprises a housing 4, a base plate 3 and a fixing device; the sealing shell 1 and the bottom plate 3 form a sealing structure, and the fixing device is used for fixing the metal sheet in the sealing structure. The housing 4 is provided with an infrared window 7 through which infrared waves can pass. The shell 4 is also provided with a window pressing plate 5 and an O-shaped ring 8, wherein the two-way end face sealing is carried out between the window pressing plate 5 and the infrared window 7 by using the O-shaped ring 8; the end face between the bottom plate 3 and the shell 4 is sealed by an O-shaped ring 8. The housing 4 is provided with an inflation joint 6 for filling the inside of the sealed structure with a protective gas. The advantage of setting up like this is that sealed casing has constituted a sealed cavity, and inside fills nitrogen gas, avoids extremely thin sheetmetal to produce the oxidation after heating, influences device life. The infrared window 7 can transmit infrared waves, and the infrared radiation characteristic of the high-temperature metal sheet is prevented from being blocked.
The embodiment shown in fig. 2 further comprises a copper compact 9, a two-layer ceramic press plate 12 and a regulating jackscrew 13, wherein the copper compact 9 is pressed on the electrode 10 and the extremely thin metal sheet 11 to enable the electrode 10 and the metal sheet 11 to be sufficiently contacted for conduction; the metal sheet 11 is extruded and fixed by two layers of ceramic pressing plates 12; the adjusting jackscrew 13 is used for adjusting the pretightening force of the ceramic pressing plate 12 to ensure the metal sheet 11 to be pressed. The advantages of the arrangement are that the functions of clamping, rapid heating (copper electrode) and rapid natural cooling of the extremely thin metal sheet are realized, and the requirements of high frame frequency and wide temperature range are met.
< example >
The infrared point source deflection device of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and the whole device mainly comprises a sealed housing 1 and a radiation module 2. The sealed shell 1 forms a sealed cavity, nitrogen is filled in the sealed shell, and the phenomenon that the service life of the device is influenced due to oxidation generated after the ultrathin metal sheet is heated is avoided; the radiation module mainly realizes the functions of clamping, quick heating (copper electrode) and quick natural cooling of the extremely thin metal sheet, and meets the requirements of high frame frequency and wide temperature range. In this embodiment, an extremely thin metal sheet is used as the metal sheet.
The sealing shell 1 mainly comprises a bottom plate 3, a shell 4, a window pressing plate 5, an inflation connector 6, an infrared window 7 and an O-shaped ring 8. The end face of the bottom plate 3 and the end face of the shell 4 are sealed by an O-shaped ring 8, and a blind hole (threaded hole) connection mode is adopted, so that air leakage is avoided; an O-shaped ring 8 is adopted between the window pressing plate 5 and the infrared window 7 for bidirectional end face sealing, so that the air tightness is ensured; the inflation connector 6 can provide a closed nitrogen environment for the radiation module 2, and can effectively avoid the oxidation phenomenon of the metal sheet after being heated; the infrared window 7 can transmit infrared waves, and the infrared radiation characteristic of the high-temperature metal sheet is prevented from being blocked.
The radiation module 2 mainly comprises a copper pressing block 9, a copper electrode 10, an extremely thin metal sheet 11, a ceramic pressing plate 12, an adjusting jackscrew 13 and an insulating bottom plate 14. The copper pressing block 9 adopts a middle suspension fixing structure to ensure that the copper electrode 10 is in good contact with the extremely thin metal sheet 11 for electric conduction; the ultrathin metal sheet 11 is extruded and fixed by two layers of ceramic pressing plates 12, the middle part of the ultrathin metal sheet is hollowed out, the radiation and heat dissipation effects are achieved, and the ceramic pressing plates can bear the high temperature of 2000 ℃, so that the use requirements can be met; adjusting the pretightening force of the ceramic pressing plate 12 finely adjusted by the jackscrew 13 to ensure that the extremely thin metal sheet 11 is pressed; the insulating bottom plate 14 mainly plays an insulating role and ensures the safety of equipment.
The ultrathin metal sheet (micron-sized) adopts a continuous conductive structure with a certain width, and the structure has the advantages that the equivalent width of the metal sheet is reduced on the premise of ensuring the radiation area, so that the metal sheet is rapidly heated; secondly, the temperature can be rapidly and naturally reduced.
The present embodiment utilizes an extremely thin metal sheet for heating and naturally cooling to simulate the infrared radiation characteristics of an intended target. The bottom plate 3 and the shell 4 are made of 2A12 materials, and are designed in a light weight structure, so that the weight is the lightest under the condition of ensuring the rigidity and the strength of the whole device; according to the simulation calculation result, under the working condition that the temperature of the metal sheet is 1000 ℃, the ambient temperature is not more than 100 ℃, and the material can adapt to the environmental requirements; the infrared window is made of ZnS material and has good transmittance for both medium-wave infrared and long-wave infrared; the ultra-thin metal sheet 11 is a titanium sheet with high melting point, small density, relatively small specific heat capacity and 2 μm thickness, and is prepared into a continuous conductive structure with the width of 1mm (as shown in figure 1) by a special processing technology; the ceramic pressing plate 12 is made of ceramic materials and can bear the high temperature of 2000 ℃; the insulating bottom plate 14 is made of bakelite with the characteristics of insulation, no static electricity generation, wear resistance, high temperature resistance and the like; the connecting holes between the bottom plate 3 and the shell 4 and between the bottom plate 3 and the insulating bottom plate 14 are in a blind hole form, so that air leakage is avoided; the positive and negative electrode wires and the shell 4 are sealed through silica gel, so that the air tightness of the whole device is ensured. By utilizing the structure, the electrifying voltage is 22.6V in the temperature rise process of 500-1000 ℃; the electrifying current is 1.5A, and the time is 50 ms; in the natural cooling process at 1000-500 ℃, the used time is 50ms, the requirement of high frame frequency (10Hz) is realized, and the method can be used for simulating the infrared radiation characteristic of a target to be ground.
< embodiment two: method >
The method of the embodiment is realized based on the device of the first embodiment, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the energization voltage is determined according to the infrared radiation characteristic of the object. Wherein the energizing voltage includes a voltage value and an energizing frequency.
Step S2: and electrifying and heating the metal sheet according to the electrifying voltage.
Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An infrared point source deflection device, comprising:
the metal sheet is in contact with the electrode and is used for simulating the infrared radiation characteristic of a target through the frame frequency and the temperature range which can be achieved in the heating and naturally cooling processes during electrification; the heating temperature range is 500-1000 ℃, and the natural cooling range is 1000-500 ℃; the electrodes are controlled by a controller, and the controller enables the metal sheet to reach a preset temperature range and a preset frame frequency by controlling the electrifying voltage; the metal sheet is of a continuous conductive structure; the metal sheet is a titanium sheet; the thickness of the titanium sheet is 2 μm, and the width is 1 mm; the infrared point source deflection device is used for point source deflection in the last guidance stage in the target defense system.
2. The infrared point source deflection device of claim 1, further comprising a housing, a base plate, and a fixture; the shell and the bottom plate form a sealing structure, and the fixing device is used for fixing the metal sheet in the sealing structure.
3. The infrared point source deflection device of claim 2, wherein the housing has an infrared window disposed therein that is transparent to infrared waves.
4. The infrared point source deflection device according to claim 3, wherein a window pressing plate and an O-ring are further arranged on the housing, wherein the window pressing plate and the infrared window are sealed in a bidirectional end face mode through the O-ring; and an O-shaped ring is used between the bottom plate and the shell for end face sealing.
5. The infrared point source deflection device of claim 4, wherein an inflation fitting is provided on the housing for filling the interior of the sealed structure with a shielding gas.
6. The infrared point source deflection device according to claim 4, further comprising a copper pressing block, two layers of ceramic pressing plates and a regulating jackscrew, wherein the copper pressing block covers the electrode and the metal sheet to enable the electrode and the metal sheet to be fully contacted and conducted; the metal sheet is extruded and fixed by two layers of ceramic pressing plates; the adjusting jackscrew is used for adjusting the pretightening force of the ceramic pressing plate so as to ensure the metal sheet to be pressed.
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