CN111520183A - Method for treating gas generated by mining, blasting, roof cutting, pressure relief and permeability improvement of coal seam group under thick-layer sandstone - Google Patents
Method for treating gas generated by mining, blasting, roof cutting, pressure relief and permeability improvement of coal seam group under thick-layer sandstone Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating gas by mining, blasting, roof cutting, pressure relief and permeability improvement of a coal seam group under thick-layer sandstone, and provides a comprehensive treatment method for gas three-dimensional extraction, wherein explosives are blasted in hard rock masses, rock masses around blast holes generate a large number of cracks under the action of detonation stress waves, the integrity of a thick-layer roof is damaged, and a gas vertical migration channel is increased; the stress around the blast hole is redistributed, so that the phenomenon that the mine pressure is severely displayed due to overlong basic top fracture distance is avoided, and the additional load of the bracket is reduced, thereby playing the roles of protecting the roadway and improving the gas extraction rate of the high-position drilled hole; by the application in the field, the overall maintenance effect of the roadway is good, the occurrence of fully mechanized hydraulic support pressing frame is avoided, the gas extraction amount and the gas extraction concentration of a high-position drill hole are improved, the gas concentration of corners on a working face is reduced, the normal propulsion of the working face is ensured, and data reference and theoretical basis can be provided for the roof management and the gas control of the working faces of the same type.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gas treatment under thick-layer sandstone, in particular to a method for treating gas in mining, blasting, roof cutting, pressure relief and permeability improvement of a coal seam group under thick-layer sandstone.
Background
When a short-distance coal seam group is mined under thick-layer sandstone, the main factors restricting the safe stoping of the working face include roof control and gas control. With the advance of the working face, the hard top plate forms large-area suspension without collapse after the coal seam is stoped, so that the stress concentration degree of the fully mechanized mining hydraulic support and the surrounding rock of the roadway is increased. The serious damage of equipment can be caused when the large-area suspension top plate falls off, and the gas accumulated in the goaf is easy to rush to the coal mining working face instantly; meanwhile, the gas emission amount of the close-distance coal seam group is large, and the strike extraction drill hole arranged above the hard top plate has no large amount of cracks in the complete top plate, so that the extraction difficulty of a large amount of high-concentration gas in a goaf is increased, the utilization rate of the drill hole is low, and the gas concentration of the upper corner of a working face and the return air flow is large, so that accidents such as gas overrun are caused.
At present, three main measures are taken for preventing and treating high-strength incoming pressure of a thick and hard top plate, namely filling mining, and controlling the deformation of the hard top plate to ensure that the hard top plate only generates bending deformation without breaking; secondly, the high-strength hydraulic support is adopted, so that the hydraulic support can bear the dynamic load generated after the hard top plate is broken, and large-area frame pressing disasters cannot be caused; and thirdly, the thick and hard top plate is weakened to avoid the occurrence of the phenomenon of power fracture, and the weakening of the hard top plate mainly comprises two measures of water injection softening and deep hole blasting.
The method of forced roof cutting by deep hole blasting is adopted, the hard roof is weakened under the condition of not influencing normal stoping of a working face, the thick and hard roof is broken, fracture development of a rock stratum is increased, a channel is provided for extracting gas in a goaf by high-position drilling of the roof, and therefore the purpose of controlling the gas is achieved. At present, the research on deep hole pre-splitting blasting is mainly directed at the field application of coal seam permeability increasing and blasting tunneling, and the research on blasting top cutting is only introduced on blasting processes and parameters. The research on the forced roof cutting and pressure relief of deep hole blasting under the mining condition of the close-range coal seam group with the hard roof is less, so that the maintenance effect of the roadway is enhanced, and the gas extraction rate is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that under the condition of thick-layer sandstone short-distance coal bed group mining, a working face roadway is seriously deformed, a fully-mechanized hydraulic support presents strong mine pressure appearance, the upper corner gas concentration is high and the safety of the working face is seriously threatened, the invention provides a gas comprehensive treatment method for protecting the roadway, reducing the mine pressure appearance of the working face and simultaneously improving the gas extraction rate of a high-position drill hole and a bottom plate cross-layer drill hole, wherein the problems are that the deep-layer sandstone short-distance coal bed group mining condition is seriously influenced by the severe deformation of the working face roadway, the fully-mechanized hydraulic support presents strong mine pressure appearance, the upper corner gas concentration is high and the like. The explosive is blasted in the hard rock mass, the rock mass around the blast hole generates a large number of cracks under the action of detonation stress waves, the integrity of the thick-layer top plate is damaged, and a gas vertical migration channel is increased; the stress around the blast hole is redistributed, so that the phenomenon that the mine pressure is violently displayed due to overlong direct jacking fracture distance is avoided, and the additional load of the bracket is reduced, so that the functions of protecting the roadway and improving the gas extraction rate of the drilled hole are achieved;
meanwhile, the invention passes through the coal mine II 7 on the arbitrary floor2The 24N deep hole blasting forced roof cutting field application of the fully mechanized mining working face shows that the overall maintenance effect of the roadway is good, the occurrence of the pressing frame of the fully mechanized mining hydraulic support is avoided, and the gas extraction amount of the high-position drilled hole is kept at 7-8 m3And in min, the extraction concentration is stabilized to be about 35%, the gas concentration at the upper corner of the working face is reduced to be below 1% from the original 7%, the normal propulsion of the working face is ensured, and data reference and theoretical basis can be provided for the roof management and the gas control of the working faces of the same type.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for treating mining blasting top-cutting pressure-relief permeability-increasing gas of a coal seam group under thick-layer sandstone comprises the following steps:
forced top cutting, pressure relief and permeability increase for deep hole blasting
S1: in a special roadway in front of a stope face or a working face air inlet roadway and a return airway, drilling and charging are constructed in a hard top plate according to design parameters to perform loosening blasting;
s2: blasting explosive in the hard top plate block, wherein rock mass around the blast hole is subjected to large-amplitude displacement and stress change, the stress balance state of the hard rock mass is damaged, and the stress concentration zone is transferred to the deep part far away from the damaged rock mass;
s3: under the action of detonation stress waves, a large number of cracks are generated in a hard rock body, a top plate is pulled or sheared and broken at the top cutting position, and a thick-layer top plate on the outer side of a roadway can collapse along a top cutting line in time, so that the range of a suspended top is reduced;
s4: the fracture weak surface generated by the deep hole blasting and the primary fracture weak surface are mutually communicated and interacted, and the high-concentration gas in the deep part of the goaf is extracted by utilizing the fracture formed by the deep hole blasting and arranged in the high-position drill hole of the top plate;
and secondly, drilling upward through-layer drill holes by using a bottom plate roadway to intercept, release and extract the gas of the protected coal seam.
Further, after the S1 blasting in the first step, a crushing area and a crack area are formed in the original rock mass which is not affected by mining, so that the integrity of the rock mass is damaged, the original crack and weak surface of the rock mass are enlarged, and the top plate is weakened.
Further, S2 in the first step reduces the effective stress of the fully mechanized hydraulic support and the single roadway prop.
Further, S3 in the first step reduces the fracture step pitch and the incoming pressure cycle of the top plate, so that the additional load of the roadside support body and the deformation of surrounding rocks of the roadway are reduced, and the purpose of protecting the roadway is achieved.
Further, S4 in the first step reduces the gas emission of the goaf to the coal face and the upper corner, so that the purpose of gas control is achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a gas comprehensive treatment method which aims at the problems that a working face roadway is seriously deformed, a fully-mechanized hydraulic support presents strong mine pressure display, an upper corner gas concentration is high, the safety of the working face is seriously threatened and the like under the condition of short-distance coal seam group mining of thick-layer sandstone, and the gas comprehensive treatment method has the advantages that deep hole blasting forced roof cutting and pressure relief are carried out to protect the roadway, the mine pressure display of the working face is reduced, and meanwhile, the gas extraction rate of a high-position drill hole and a bottom plate cross-layer drill hole is improved. The explosive is blasted in the hard rock mass, the rock mass around the blast hole generates a large number of cracks under the action of detonation stress waves, the integrity of the thick-layer top plate is damaged, and a gas vertical migration channel is increased; the stress around the blast hole is redistributed, so that the phenomenon that the mine pressure is violently displayed due to overlong direct jacking fracture distance is avoided, and the additional load of the bracket is reduced, so that the functions of protecting the roadway and improving the gas extraction rate of the high-position drilled hole are achieved;
2. the invention passes through the anyfloor coal mine II 72The 24N deep hole blasting forced roof cutting field application of the fully mechanized mining working face shows that the overall maintenance effect of the roadway is good, the occurrence of the fully mechanized mining hydraulic support pressing frame is avoided, and the gas extraction amount of a high-position drill hole is kept at 7-8 m3And in min, the extraction concentration is stabilized to be about 35%, the gas concentration at the upper corner of the working face is reduced to be below 1% from the original 7%, the normal propulsion of the working face is ensured, and data reference and theoretical basis can be provided for the roof management and the gas control of the working faces of the same type.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for treating gas permeability-increasing in blasting, top-cutting, pressure-relief and mining of a coal seam group under thick-layer sandstone;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a face elevated drilling arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of blasting crack gas extracted by a high-position drill hole;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the upward cross-layer drilling interception of the bottom suction roadway to extract gas of a protected layer;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a drilling plane of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 5 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention for charging and sealing;
FIG. 8 shows a bottom suction roadway protected layer 7 according to an embodiment of the present invention3、82A schematic diagram of a plan design drawing of a coal seam pressure relief drill hole;
FIG. 9 shows the bottom suction lane protected layer 7 of the present invention3、82Coal seam pressure relief borehole penetration 72Coal drilling section design.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for treating gas permeability-increasing through mining, blasting, top cutting, pressure relief and gas permeability-increasing of a coal seam group under thick-layer sandstone, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
forced top cutting, pressure relief and permeability increase for deep hole blasting
The forced top cutting of deep hole blasting is to perform loosening blasting by drilling and charging in a hard top plate according to design parameters in a special tunnel in front of a stope face or an air inlet and return tunnel of the face. After blasting, a broken zone and a crack zone are formed in an original rock body which is not influenced by mining, so that the integrity of the rock body is damaged, the original crack and weak surface of the rock body are enlarged, and a top plate is weakened.
After forced roof cutting by deep hole blasting, explosives are blasted in the hard roof block, the stress balance state of the rock mass is damaged, and the stress concentration zone is transferred to the deep part far away from the damaged rock mass, so that the effective stress of the fully mechanized hydraulic support and the single roadway pillar is reduced. Meanwhile, a large amount of cracks are generated in the rock body under the action of detonation stress waves, the thick-layer sandstone can be timely collapsed, so that the range of the suspended roof is reduced, the fracture step distance and the incoming pressure period of the top plate are reduced, the additional load of the roadside support body and the deformation of surrounding rocks of the roadway are reduced, and the purpose of protecting the roadway is achieved.
Fig. 2 and 3 are respectively a schematic plan view of the arrangement of a high-position drill hole of a working face and a schematic diagram of gas in a high-position drill hole extraction explosion gap.
Under the influence of the comprehensive stress field of the working surface, the crack weak surface generated by deep hole blasting and the primary crack weak surface are mutually communicated and interacted. High-concentration gas in the deep part of a mined-out area is extracted by utilizing cracks formed by deep hole blasting in a high-position drill hole arranged on a top plate, so that the gas emission amount of the mined-out area to a coal face and an upper corner is reduced, and the purpose of gas control is achieved.
Secondly, intercepting, pressure-relief and extracting the gas of the protected coal seam by using a bottom plate roadway to drill an upward through-layer drill hole
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of gas extracted from a protected layer by upward cross-layer drilling interception in a bottom suction roadway.
Example (b):
1. overview of the test working surface
Anhui north coal and electricity group Limited liability company Nippon building coal mine second level II 2 mining area second stage II 7224 the working face is divided into a north-south section for mining, and the upper side is II 7222 goaf, II 7224N is II 72And 24, in the north section of the working face, because the upper adjacent working face is mined, the air way of the face is a gob-side way. II 72The 24N working face top plate is a thin direct top and a thick hard basic top, the hard top plate forms large-area suspension without caving after coal seam mining, once caving, serious impact damage can be caused to a roadway, the deformation of roadway surrounding rock is large, the support is seriously damaged, and great difficulty is brought to the stability control of the surrounding rock.
Ⅱ72The 24N working face is used for short-distance coal seam group mining, and the lower covering can be used for mining 73、82Coal seam, 72The average thickness of the coal seam is 2.1m, the dip angle is 17 degrees, and the occurrence of the coal seam is stable. 72、73Average coal seam spacing of 9m, 73、82The average coal seam spacing is 11 m. II 7224N working face gas mainly comes from local coal seam and adjacent II 7222 working face goaf and 73、82A coal seam. II 72The 24N working face adopts the trend of the air way roof to drill at a high position to extract gas in the goaf, because the roof thick-layer sandstone is hard, the suspended ceiling area of the goaf is large, no crack develops, the average gas extraction concentration is about 10 percent, and the extraction purity is 3-4 m3And/min. The gas at the upper corner is over-limited, and the gas concentration at the local place reaches 5 to 7 percent. Gas at the upper corner of the working face is continuously increased along with the advance of the working face, and an upper corner seal is adoptedThe problem that gas extraction cannot be realized by matching the blocking measures with the upper corner buried pipe is still solved. Therefore, the advanced deep hole blasting pre-splitting thick sandstone roof is provided, the hard roof is weakened, the caving property of the hard roof is improved, the roof rock stratum fracture development is increased, and the purposes of enhancing the roadway maintenance effect and improving the gas extraction effect of the goaf by high-position drilling are achieved.
2. Blast hole design and blasting process
(1) Distance between blast holes
The calculation formula of the distance between the blast holes of the advanced deep hole blasting is as follows:
in the formula: k is an adjustment coefficient which is generally 10-15; r isbIs the radius of the blast hole, f is the normal coefficient of rock, E is 10 × 54 × 10 under the test condition－3×3＝1.62m。
(2) Distance of blast hole end
The distance between the tail ends of the blast holes is determined by factors such as the length of a working face, the lithology of a top plate, the fracture occurrence and the like. Generally 15-20 m, the distance of the tail end of the blast hole of the current blasting is controlled to be 16 m.
(3) Depth of blast hole
In order to ensure that the roadway cross section is not affected by blasting, a sufficiently long separation zone must be left between the hole bottom and the roadway. When the blast holes are arranged by adopting one-way drilling, the depth of the blast holes is
In the formula: s is the length of the working surface; s is the horizontal distance from the bottom of the hole to the roadway; alpha and beta are respectively an included angle between the blast hole and the roadway and an included angle between the blast hole and the working face. In the embodiment, the depth of the blast hole is 20m, 28m, 39m and 56 m.
(4) Blasting circulation step pitch
The working surface is periodically stepped by about 22m as the working surface is continuously advanced. And determining the loosening blasting circulation step pitch to be 20m according to the principle that the blasting circulation step pitch is not larger than the period incoming pressing step pitch and the blasting engineering quantity is reduced as much as possible.
The combination of the basic caving step distance and the basic caving step distance is calculated according to the formula, each group is provided with 4 blastholes, the distance between blastholes is 1.62m, the opening position of each blasthole is 1m away from the top plate, and the arrangement diagram of the blastholes is shown in figures 5 and 6 (in the figures, A1, A2, A3 and A4 are the serial numbers of the blastholes). From the first group outwards, each group of blastholes are spaced by 20m, and then, as the working face advances, the blast furnace circularly blasts in advance every 20 m.
The developed special water gel explosive column is used for continuously charging, a pneumatic hole sealing machine is used for sealing an orifice, yellow mud is used as a stemming material, and a schematic diagram of charging and hole sealing is given in figure 7.
3. Maintenance effect of forced roof cutting roadway
The observation result shows that the working resistance is extremely unevenly distributed along the working face direction in the blasting area, the working resistance is relatively low and far smaller than the rated working resistance of the working face strut of 34.6MPa, the supporting rigidity ensures the supporting effect of the working face, and the safety production of the working face is guaranteed.
The roadway support effect after forced roof cutting is good, after deep hole blasting roof cutting, the roadway surrounding rock basically keeps complete, the overall maintenance effect of the roadway is good, and the expected roadway protection requirement is met.
4、Ⅱ7224N working face high-position drilling gas extraction effect
After adopting advanced deep hole blasting, the gas extraction amount is 3-4 m from the original3The min is increased to the current 7-8 m3And the extraction concentration is stabilized at about 35 percent in min.
5. To the protected layer 73、82Coal seam interception pressure relief extraction effect
Ⅱ72Before the extraction of the 24N working face, a group of 7 is arranged every 30m from the cut hole3、82Pressure relief drainage drill holes are formed in the coal seam, 5 drill holes are formed in each group, and the distance between every two drill holes is 30 m; in the process of extracting the working face, drilling to 72The coal roof plate extracts and intercepts pressure-relief gas, and the gas extracted by the bottom suction roadway in the mode is 1-2 m from the original gas3Min is increased to 3-4 m3/min。
And (4) implementing a conclusion:
(1) the explosive is blasted in the hard rock mass, the rock mass around the blast hole generates a large number of cracks under the action of detonation stress waves, the integrity of the thick-layer top plate is damaged, and a gas vertical migration channel is increased; the stress around the blast hole is redistributed, so that the phenomenon that the mine pressure is violently displayed due to overlong direct jacking fracture distance is avoided, and the additional load of the bracket is reduced, thereby playing the roles of protecting the roadway and improving the gas extraction rate of the high-position drilled hole.
(2) Ren-building coal mine II 72The 24N deep hole blasting forced roof cutting field application of the fully mechanized mining working face shows that the overall maintenance effect of the roadway is good, the occurrence of the fully mechanized mining hydraulic support pressing frame is avoided, and the gas extraction amount of the high-position drill hole is kept at 7-8 m3And in min, the extraction concentration is stabilized at about 35%, and the corner gas concentration on the working face is reduced to below 1% from the original 7%, so that the normal propulsion of the working face is ensured. Practice proves that the supporting pressure of the large-span suspended roof on the fully-mechanized hydraulic support and the roadway can be relieved through the advanced deep hole blasting method, and the impact effect of sudden collapse of a long-distance large-area hard top plate on the hydraulic support and the roadway is prevented.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. The method for treating the mining blasting roof cutting pressure relief anti-reflection gas of the coal seam group under the thick-layer sandstone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
forced top cutting, pressure relief and permeability increase for deep hole blasting
S1: in a special roadway in front of a stope face or a working face air inlet roadway and a return airway, drilling and charging are carried out in a hard top plate according to design parameters to carry out loosening blasting;
s2: blasting explosive in the hard top plate block, wherein rock mass around the blast hole is subjected to large-amplitude displacement and stress change, the stress balance state of the hard rock mass is damaged, and the stress concentration zone is transferred to a deep part far away from the damaged rock mass;
s3: under the action of detonation stress waves, a large number of cracks are generated in a hard rock body, a top plate is pulled or sheared and broken at the top cutting position, and a thick-layer top plate on the outer side of a roadway can collapse along a top cutting line in time, so that the range of a suspended top is reduced;
s4: the fracture weak surface generated by the deep hole blasting and the primary fracture weak surface are mutually communicated and interacted, and the high-concentration gas in the deep part of the goaf is extracted by utilizing the fracture formed by the deep hole blasting and arranged in the high-position drill hole of the top plate;
and secondly, drilling upward through-layer drill holes by using a bottom plate roadway to intercept, release and extract the gas of the protected coal seam.
2. The method for mining, blasting, top cutting, pressure relief and permeability improvement of gas in the coal seam group under the thick-layer sandstone according to claim 1, wherein a fracture area and a fissure area are formed in an original rock body which is not affected by mining after the S1 blasting in the step one, so that the integrity of the rock body is damaged, the original fissure and weak face of the rock body are expanded, and a top plate is weakened.
3. The method for blasting, top cutting, pressure relief and permeability improvement of gas in mining of coal seam groups under thick-layer sandstone according to claim 2, wherein S2 in the first step reduces the effective stress of fully mechanized mining hydraulic supports and single roadway supports.
4. The method for treating gas in thick-layer sandstone lower coal seam group mining blasting roof cutting, pressure relief and permeability improvement, according to claim 3, wherein S3 in the first step is used for reducing the fracture step distance and the pressure incoming period of the top plate, so that the additional load of a roadside support body and the deformation of surrounding rocks of a roadway are reduced, and the purpose of protecting the roadway is achieved.
5. The method for mining, blasting, top cutting, pressure relief and permeability improvement of gas in the thick-layer sandstone lower coal seam group according to claim 4, wherein S4 in the first step reduces the emission of gas in the goaf to the coal face and the upper corner, so as to achieve the purpose of gas improvement.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112115599A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-22 | 大同煤矿集团有限责任公司 | Method for calculating hole spacing of weakened top plate of intensive drilling |
| CN112647945A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-13 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Hard roof cutting method for protective layer mining |
| CN113027510A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-25 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for extracting pressure-relief gas by blasting permeability-increasing directional long drill hole of thick and hard roof rock layer |
| CN113914858A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-01-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Basic top and top coal synchronous presplitting design method for shallow-buried double-hard extra-thick coal seam |
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| CN112647945A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-13 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Hard roof cutting method for protective layer mining |
| CN113914858A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-01-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Basic top and top coal synchronous presplitting design method for shallow-buried double-hard extra-thick coal seam |
| CN113914858B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2024-04-12 | 中国矿业大学 | Basic roof and roof coal synchronous pre-cracking design method for shallow-buried double-hard super-thick coal seam |
| CN113027510A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-25 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for extracting pressure-relief gas by blasting permeability-increasing directional long drill hole of thick and hard roof rock layer |
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