CN111519183A - Laser ultra-high-speed cladding head, laser ultra-high-speed cladding system and laser ultra-high-speed cladding method - Google Patents
Laser ultra-high-speed cladding head, laser ultra-high-speed cladding system and laser ultra-high-speed cladding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111519183A CN111519183A CN202010348632.2A CN202010348632A CN111519183A CN 111519183 A CN111519183 A CN 111519183A CN 202010348632 A CN202010348632 A CN 202010348632A CN 111519183 A CN111519183 A CN 111519183A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser ultra-high-speed cladding head which is used for cladding powder on a substrate and comprises a support shell, a spectroscope and a reflection focusing assembly which are arranged in the support shell, and a nozzle which is arranged on the support shell and used for conveying the powder, wherein a laser beam is converted into a reflected beam by the spectroscope, the reflected beam is reflected and focused by the reflection focusing assembly to form cladding beams which are distributed in a hollow annular mode in a forward projection mode, the cladding beam is focused above the substrate to form a focus, the nozzle is positioned in the hollow annular beam, and the scanning speed of the laser beam is 9-72 m/min. The powder is melted on the base material by using the high-speed moving cladding light beam, and the powder is rapidly solidified on the surface of the base material to form a cladding layer, so that the cladding speed is greatly improved, the yield is high, and the obtained cladding layer is compact, low in dilution rate and good in surface smoothness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser ultra-high-speed cladding head, an ultra-high-speed cladding system and a cladding method.
Background
The laser cladding is characterized in that a cladding material is added on the surface of a base material, and laser is used as a heat source to fuse the cladding material and a thin layer on the surface of the base material to form a metallurgically bonded cladding layer, so that the surface characteristic of the base material is obviously improved. However, the conventional laser cladding rate is low, generally 0.5-3 m/min, the powder utilization rate is low, generally about 50%, and the cladding layer has large roughness, so that the material waste is serious, the production efficiency is low, and the laser energy is focused on the base material, and the base material is melted to mix and combine the powder, so that the laser energy utilization efficiency and the cladding rate are low, the powder is still solid particles when being combined with the base material, and the surface smoothness of a finished product is poor. In order to improve the cladding efficiency, the laser power is improved, the spot area is increased, but the deformation of the workpiece is increased, and larger machining reservation is required; and the dilution rate of the conventional laser cladding layer is high, and the performance of the cladding layer is reduced. The existing 'optical outer coaxial powder feeding' (the laser beam is centered, and the powder beam is distributed around the laser beam coaxially), in the actual processing process, high-speed cladding of the side surface with a large inclination angle is difficult to carry out, and under different process conditions, the inclination angle of a powder tube needs to be frequently adjusted, so that the processing efficiency is low, and the powder utilization rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser ultra-high-speed cladding head which has high cladding rate and efficiency, high powder utilization rate and high yield and can obtain a cladding coating with smooth surface and strong bonding force.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a laser superspeed melts and covers head for cladding powder on the substrate, laser superspeed melts and covers head includes the support casing, sets up spectroscope and reflection focusing component in the support casing and set up on the support casing and be used for carrying the nozzle of powder, the spectroscope turns into the laser beam reflection beam, reflection focusing component will the reflection beam reflection focus forms the cladding beam that orthographic projection was arranged in hollow annular mode, it is in to melt the cladding beam the top focus of formation of substrate, the nozzle is located melt the cladding beam, the scanning speed of laser beam is 9 ~ 72 m/min.
Further, the cladding light beam is in a hollow circular cone shape.
Further, the particle size of the powder is 18-53 mu m.
Further, the distance between the focal point and the surface of the base material is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 3 mm.
Furthermore, a powder feeding pipe for outputting powder is arranged in the nozzle, and the inner diameter of the powder feeding pipe is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.6 mm.
Further, the distance between the powder feeding end of the powder feeding pipe and the focus is 5-15 mm.
Further, the powder feeding speed of the powder feeding pipe is 5-25 g/min, and the powder utilization rate is 75% -90%.
The invention also provides an ultra-high-speed cladding system which comprises the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head and a laser generator connected with the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head.
Further, the power of the laser generator is 0.8 kW-4 kW.
The invention also provides a cladding method using the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head, which comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a base material;
s2, moving the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head to the position above the base material;
s3, the cladding beam forms a focus above the substrate, and the powder passes through the nozzle until entering into the focus to be melted into a molten state and then deposited on the substrate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: because the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head provided by the invention utilizes the cladding beam moving at high speed to melt the powder on the substrate and quickly solidify the powder on the surface of the substrate to form the cladding layer, the cladding speed is greatly improved, the yield is high, and the obtained cladding layer is compact, low in dilution rate and good in surface smoothness.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser ultra-high-speed cladding head according to the present invention for forming a cladding layer on a substrate;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of area A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle base of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the laser ultra-high speed cladding head in FIG. 1 cladding the side surface of the substrate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the laser ultra-high speed cladding head in FIG. 1 for cladding the tubular substrate;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a cladding layer obtained by the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a cladding layer obtained by the second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The ultra-high-speed cladding system comprises a laser ultra-high-speed cladding head and a laser generator connected with the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head. The laser beam emitted by the laser generator enters the in-beam coaxial ball feeding laser cladding head to form cladding beam to clad powder on the base material. The power of the laser generator is 0.8 kW-4 kW, and the scanning speed of the laser beam is 9-72 m/min.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a laser ultra-high speed cladding head 1 for cladding powder 3 on a substrate 2 includes a support housing 11, a beam splitter 12 and a reflection focusing assembly 13 disposed in the support housing 11, and a nozzle 14 disposed on the support housing 11 for delivering the powder 3. The beam splitter 12 converts the laser beam 41 into a reflected beam 42, the reflected beam 42 is reflected along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter 12, the reflective focusing assembly 13 has a reflective focusing surface 131, the reflective focusing surface 131 faces the beam splitter 12, the reflective focusing assembly 13 reflects and focuses the reflected beam 42 to form a cladding beam 43 which is arranged in a hollow annular manner in an orthographic projection, the cladding beam 43 is focused above the substrate 2 to form a focus 44, and the nozzle 14 is located in the cladding beam 43 and is coaxial with the cladding beam 43. The powder 3 used in the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head 1 may be metal powder 3, and the particle size of the powder 3 is 18-53 μm, but the specific material and particle size of the powder 3 are not specifically limited herein and can be selected according to actual needs. The surface of the substrate 2 is modified by cladding the powder 3 to form a cladding layer 5, and the substrate 2 can be any material or part needing cladding repair or modification. The cladding light beam 43 is focused above the substrate 2 to form a focus 44, so that the high-temperature deformation of the substrate 2 is avoided, the absorption of the substrate 2 to the energy of the cladding light beam 43 is reduced, the energy utilization rate of the laser light beam 41 emitted by the laser generator is improved, and the yield of the laser cladding substrate 2 is improved.
The laser ultra-high speed cladding head 1 further comprises an entrance port 15 arranged on the support housing 11 for passing the laser beam 41, and an exit port 16 for exiting the cladding beam 43. The beam splitter 12 is a conical structure and is disposed facing the incident port 15, the beam splitter 12 reflects the laser beam 41 irradiated thereon into an annular reflected beam 42, the reflective focusing assembly 13 is a circular reflective focusing mirror 13 and is disposed around the circumference of the beam splitter 12, the reflected beam 42 is incident on a reflective focusing surface 131 of the reflective focusing mirror to form a hollow circular conical cladding beam 43, the middle of the cladding beam 43 has a conical hollow no-light region, the cladding beam 43 is emitted from the outlet 16 and focused at a certain position to form a focal point 44, the focal point 44 is a light spot having a certain size, and the size of the focal point 44 is not particularly limited herein. The focus 44 is located above the surface of the substrate 2 and the distance between the focus 44 and the surface of the substrate 2 is greater than 0 and equal to or less than 3 mm. Indeed, in other embodiments, the cladding beam may also be at least two beams uniformly arranged, the specific form of the cladding beam is not specifically limited herein, and the specific numerical value of the distance between the focal point and the substrate surface may be set according to the implementation requirement, and is not specifically limited herein.
The nozzle 14 has a cavity 141, and a powder feeding tube 17 for outputting the powder 3 is disposed in the cavity 141, the powder feeding tube 17 is disposed in the conical hollow dark area and is located right above the focal point 44, the powder feeding tube 17 can be a glass tube 17, but not limited thereto, and the powder 3 provided by an external powder feeder (not shown) enters the powder feeding tube 17 and is ejected to the focal point 44, and the powder 3 is melted into a molten state (not shown) and then deposited on the substrate 2. The powder feeding pipe 17 feeds the powder 3 out of the powder feeding end with a powder carrying gas at a certain rate. In order to ensure that the powder 3 is heated in the air for a long enough time and melted sufficiently and the utilization rate of the powder 3 is increased as much as possible, the inner diameter of the powder feeding pipe 17 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.6mm, the distance between the powder feeding end of the powder feeding pipe 17 and the focus 44 is 5-15 mm, and the powder feeding rate of the powder feeding pipe 17 is 5-25 g/min. At a certain powder feeding rate, the powder 3 has good aggregation property, can be completely surrounded by the cladding beam 43 and is fully melted by the cladding beam 43, the invention is ultra-high speed cladding, and in a high speed scanning state, the powder 3 can absorb enough energy and the utilization rate of the powder 3 is 75-90%. The particle size of the powder 3, the inner diameter of the powder feeding tube 17, the distance between the powder feeding end of the powder feeding tube 17 and the focal point 44, and the powder feeding rate are not limited to those shown above, and the above data are preferable, but specific values are not particularly limited herein and may be selected according to actual needs.
The nozzle 14 further comprises a nozzle base 142 located above the cavity 141, in order to prevent oxidation of the cladding layer 5 in the cladding process, a plurality of collimating air holes 6 which are used for conveying shielding gas and are annularly arranged are further formed in the nozzle base 142 and located on the periphery of the powder feeding pipe 17, the cladding light beam 43 and the powder feeding pipe 17 are coaxially arranged, the distance from the powder feeding pipe 17 to each collimating air hole 6 is equal, that is, the central axis of a circle formed by annularly arranging the plurality of collimating air holes 6 is the same as the axial axis of the cladding light beam 43 and the axial axis of the powder feeding pipe 17. Referring to fig. 3, the number of the collimating gas holes 6 is three, the three collimating gas holes 6 are arranged around the circumference of the powder feeding tube 17, the orthographic projection of the collimating gas holes is in a hollow ring shape, the three collimating gas holes 6 are arranged at equal intervals, the output protective gas flows to the powder 3, and the gas flow direction is shown as a in fig. 1. Specifically, the number of the collimating air holes 6 may be other values, and the specific number may be selected according to actual needs, and is not specifically limited herein. Indeed, in other embodiments, the alignment air holes may be located within the nozzle chamber. The external shielding gas storage device delivers the shielding gas into the laser ultrafast cladding head 1 through the gas pipe and outputs the shielding gas through the collimating gas hole 6, and the output shielding gas passes through the nozzle 14 and then is blown out from the outlet 16 toward the powder 3 at the focal point 44. Selecting nitrogen, argon or other rare gases as protective gas, wherein the pressure of the protective gas is not too large or too small, and the pressure of the protective gas is 0.1-0.3 bar in the cladding process. If the pressure of the protective gas is too high, pores appear in the formed cladding layer 5, and if the pressure of the protective gas is too low, the protective range cannot be reached, and the cladding layer 5 is oxidized. The powder 3 reaches a molten state at the focal point 44, and the molten powder 3 is sprayed onto the surface of the base material 2 at a higher speed by the action of the powder-carrying gas, the protective gas or the self gravity, so that the cladding layer 5 is bonded to the base material 2 more firmly. Therefore, the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head 1 of the invention can clad non-horizontal surfaces, and in this case, the melted powder 3 is sprayed to the surface of the substrate 2 under the action of the powder loading gas and the protective gas. The working inclination angle range of the ultra-high-speed cladding head is 0-90 degrees, and the working inclination angle is an included angle between the axis of the nozzle 14 and the horizontal direction. Referring to fig. 4, the laser ultra-high speed cladding head 1 moves in the height direction to clad the substrate 2 with a non-horizontal curved surface, so as to modify the surface of the side surface of the large-sized part, greatly increase the efficiency and reduce the cost.
The cladding method can obtain a good cladding layer 5 on the plane base material 2, and can also carry out cladding on the surface of the base material 2 with a curved surface. Referring to fig. 5, the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head 1 is located above the tubular base material 2 and continuously moves at a certain speed along the axial direction of the tubular base material 2, meanwhile, the tubular base material 2 can rotate at a certain speed along the axial direction on a machine tool 7, the lapping mode is thread lapping, and the specific scanning speed and the rotation speed of the tubular base material 2 are not specifically limited herein and are set according to actual needs.
The invention also provides a cladding method using the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a substrate 2;
s2, moving the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head 1 to the upper side of the base material 2;
s3, the cladding beam 43 forms a focal point 44 above the substrate 2, the powder 3 passes through the nozzle 14 until it enters the focal point 44 to be melted into a molten state, and then the molten metal powder is deposited on the substrate 2.
The cladding method is described below with specific examples:
example one
Step one, providing a base material 2 to be clad.
And step two, moving the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head 1 to the upper side of the base material 2.
Thirdly, forming a focus 44 above the base material 2 by the cladding light beam 43, setting the focus 44 formed by focusing the cladding light beam 43 to be positioned above the surface of the base material 2 and the distance between the two to be 3mm, selecting a powder feeding pipe 17 with the inner diameter of 0.6mm, setting the powder 3 in the powder feeding pipe 17 to be metal powder particles, setting the particle size of the powder 3 to be 30 mu m, setting the powder feeding speed of the powder feeding pipe 17 to be 16.8g/min, setting the power of a laser generator to be 1.85kW, the scanning speed to be 24m/min and the lap joint rate to be 80%, and enabling the powder 3 to enter the focus 44 through a nozzle 14 to be melted to be molten, and then depositing liquid metal on the surface of the base material 2 to form the cladding layer 5.
Referring to FIG. 6, the thickness of the obtained cladding layer 5 was 283 μm, and the cladding efficiency was 0.51m2Per h, efficiency of 0.276m per unit power2The cladding layer 5 is uniform, full and free of defects, obtained from the sectional profile chart, the dilution rate is less than 5% through measurement and calculation, and the surface roughness is less than 10 mu m.
It should be noted that, when cladding is performed on the substrate 2, after one cladding is completed by scanning and moving in one direction, and when the next cladding is required, the substrate is moved a certain distance in the direction perpendicular to the laser scanning and moving direction, and the distance is 5-25% of the width of a cladding single pass under the process parameters, so that the cladding layer 5 with low surface roughness and strong uniformity is obtained. In this embodiment, the width of the cladding lane is 1.25mm, and the size of the distance is 0.25mm, and in other embodiments, the width and the moving distance of the cladding lane may be other values, which is not limited herein.
In order to obtain the cladding layer 5 with the target thickness on the base material 2, the scanning speed can be changed, and the cladding can be repeatedly carried out on the surface of the base material 2 for a plurality of times, so that the requirement is met.
Example two
The present embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, except that the scanning speed is 72m/min, please refer to fig. 7, the thickness of the cladding layer 5 is 125 μm, and the cladding efficiency is 1.31m2Per hour, efficiency of 0.708m per unit power2The specific area is/h/kW, uniform and full defects of the cladding layer 5 are obtained from the sectional profile, and the dilution rate is less than 5% through measurement and calculation.
The new green technology has the advantages of high scanning speed and high cladding efficiency, and the cladding layer 5 is firmly combined with the substrate 2, so that the new green technology can replace the traditional electroplating and other technologies with large pollution, and the defects of poor plasma spraying binding property, low traditional laser cladding efficiency and the like are overcome.
To sum up: because the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head provided by the invention utilizes the cladding beam moving at high speed to melt the powder on the substrate and quickly solidify the powder on the surface of the substrate to form the cladding layer, the cladding speed is greatly improved, the yield is high, and the obtained cladding layer is compact, low in dilution rate and good in surface smoothness.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The laser ultra-high-speed cladding head is used for cladding powder on a substrate and is characterized by comprising a support shell, a beam splitter and a reflection focusing assembly which are arranged in the support shell, and a nozzle which is arranged on the support shell and used for conveying powder, wherein a laser beam is converted into a reflected beam by the beam splitter, the reflection focusing assembly reflects and focuses the reflected beam to form cladding beams which are distributed in a hollow annular mode in a forward projection mode, the cladding beams are focused above the substrate to form a focus, the nozzle is located in the hollow annular beam, and the scanning speed of the laser beam is 9-72 m/min.
2. The laser ultra high speed cladding head according to claim 1, wherein said cladding beam is in the shape of a hollow circular cone.
3. The laser ultra high speed cladding head according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of said powder is 18 to 53 μm.
4. The laser ultra high speed cladding head according to claim 1, wherein a distance between said focal point and said substrate surface is greater than 0 and equal to or less than 3 mm.
5. The laser ultra high speed cladding head according to claim 1, wherein a powder feeding tube for outputting powder is provided in said nozzle, and an inner diameter of said powder feeding tube is greater than 0 mm and not greater than 0.6 mm.
6. The laser ultra high speed cladding head according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the powder feeding end of the powder feeding tube and the focus is 5-15 mm.
7. The laser ultra high speed cladding head according to claim 5, wherein the powder feeding rate of the powder feeding pipe is 5-25 g/min, and the powder utilization rate is 75-90%.
8. An ultra-high speed cladding system, which comprises the laser ultra-high speed cladding head according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and a laser generator connected with the laser ultra-high speed cladding head.
9. The ultra high speed cladding system of claim 8, wherein the power of said laser generator is 0.8kW to 4 kW.
10. Cladding method using the laser ultra high speed cladding head according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, providing a base material;
s2, moving the laser ultra-high-speed cladding head to the position above the base material;
s3, the cladding beam forms a focus above the substrate, and the powder passes through the nozzle until entering into the focus to be melted into a molten state and then deposited on the substrate.
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| CN112199881A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-08 | 云翼超算（北京）软件科技有限公司 | Direct metal deposition additive simulation method and system |
| CN112877689A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-01 | 浙江工业大学 | Process for repairing surface defects of metal parts through full-angle posture of laser cladding head |
| CN115007851A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-06 | 华材(山东)新材料有限公司 | Device and method for producing superfine spherical ruthenium powder for 3D printing by one-step method |
| WO2023184645A1 (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-10-05 | 苏州大学 | Fully equiaxed grain component and method for manufacturing fully equiaxed grain component by means of laser additive |
| CN116970945A (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-10-31 | 常州信息职业技术学院 | Linkage adjusting mechanism and method for laser cladding light spot area and powder flow |
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Application publication date: 20200811 |