CN111518190A - Preparation method of fish scale keratin - Google Patents
Preparation method of fish scale keratin Download PDFInfo
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- CN111518190A CN111518190A CN202010492763.8A CN202010492763A CN111518190A CN 111518190 A CN111518190 A CN 111518190A CN 202010492763 A CN202010492763 A CN 202010492763A CN 111518190 A CN111518190 A CN 111518190A
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 101710093813 Scale keratin Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 102000011782 Keratins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 108010076876 Keratins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 108091005658 Basic proteases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 96
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000057297 Pepsin A Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000284 Pepsin A Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940111202 pepsin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 23
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000252230 Ctenopharyngodon idella Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000034240 fibrous proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005899 fibrous proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/461—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from fish
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/78—Connective tissue peptides, e.g. collagen, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin or cold insoluble globulin [CIG]
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of fish scale keratin, which comprises the following steps: a) preprocessing fish scales; b) extracting collagen from the pretreated fish scales; c) extracting the residue obtained in the step b) by adopting an alkaline protease method to obtain fish scale keratin; d) extracting the residue obtained in the step c) by an alkaline method to obtain the fish scale keratin. The method comprises the steps of firstly pretreating fish scales, extracting collagen from the fish scales, then extracting keratin from the residual residues through a two-step method, extracting the keratin from the residues through an alkaline protease method in the first step, and continuously extracting the keratin from the residues through the alkaline method in the second step.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of protein, in particular to a preparation method of fish scale keratin.
Background
Keratin is a fibrous scleroprotein with connective and protective functions, has stable structure and high denaturation temperature, and is often used in medicines and biological materials. At present, researches on keratin mainly focus on the extraction of animal hair keratin, wherein the researches on the extraction of wool keratin by a reduction method are the most, and the selection and optimization of a reducing agent and the like are hot spots.
In recent years, researches show that fish scales contain various active ingredients, and researches on fish scale collagen, fish scale hydroxyapatite and the like are more and more, so that the added value of the fish scales is improved, and waste is changed into valuable. However, after the collagen is extracted from the fish scales, a large amount of residues still remain, and the residues also contain rich keratin which is an effective substance. The keratin in the residues is extracted, so that the added value of the fish scales can be greatly improved, and the wastes are changed into valuables.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a preparation method of fish scale keratin, and the fish scale keratin obtained by the method has high purity, high yield and high molecular weight.
The invention provides a preparation method of fish scale keratin, which comprises the following steps:
a) preprocessing fish scales;
b) extracting collagen from the pretreated fish scales;
c) extracting the residue obtained in the step b) by adopting an alkaline protease method to obtain fish scale keratin;
d) extracting the residue obtained in the step c) by an alkaline method to obtain the fish scale keratin.
The method comprises the steps of firstly pretreating fish scales, extracting collagen from the fish scales, then extracting keratin from the residual residues through a two-step method, extracting the keratin from the residues through an alkaline protease method in the first step, and continuously extracting the keratin from the residues through the alkaline method in the second step.
Specifically, the invention firstly preprocesses the fish scales, and the steps are as follows:
the step a) specifically comprises the following steps:
a1) soaking fish scales in a sodium chloride solution to remove foreign proteins;
a2) soaking the fish scales obtained in the step a1) in a sodium hydroxide solution for degreasing;
a3) soaking the fish scales obtained in the step a2) in a hydrogen peroxide solution for decoloring;
a4) soaking the fish scales obtained in the step a4) in a citric acid solution for deliming.
In one embodiment, in the step a1), the concentration of sodium chloride is 80-120 g/L.
In one embodiment, in the step a2), the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-1.5 mol/L;
in one embodiment, in the step a3), the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.5-1 wt%;
in one embodiment, in the step a4), the citric acid solution has a concentration of 3 to 4 wt%.
Specifically, the step a) may include:
a1) removing hybrid protein: cleaning fresh fish scales, and soaking the fresh fish scales in 100g/L sodium chloride solution at 4 ℃ for 12 hours;
a2) degreasing: after removing the foreign proteins, the fish scales are washed by tap water and rinsed by distilled water for three times, and then are soaked in 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 12 hours at 4 ℃.
a3) And (3) decoloring: after degreasing, the fish scales are washed by tap water and rinsed for three times by distilled water, and then are decolorized for 6 hours at 4 ℃ by 0.5-1% hydrogen peroxide solution.
a4) Deliming: washing the decolored fish scales with tap water, rinsing the fish scales with distilled water for three times, and soaking the fish scales in 3-4% citric acid solution with the volume being 12-14 times of that of the fish scales at 4 ℃ for 6 hours.
After fish scales are pretreated, collagen in the fish scales is extracted, and the collagen in the fish scales can be extracted by an enzyme method or an acid method.
Specifically, the acid method for extracting collagen comprises the following steps: soaking and extracting the fish scales obtained in the step a) in a citric acid solution.
The method for extracting collagen by the enzyme method comprises the following steps: soaking the fish scales obtained in the step a) in a citric acid solution of pepsin for extraction.
The residues obtained after the collagen extraction can be used for continuously extracting the keratin by adopting an alkaline protease method and an alkaline method in sequence, and the yield and the purity of the keratin extracted by the subsequent alkaline method can be improved by firstly extracting the keratin by adopting the alkaline protease method.
Specifically, the process for extracting keratin by using the alkaline protease method comprises the following steps:
adding 0.005-0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution and 1-5 wt% of alkaline protease in the residue obtained in the step b), reacting at 50-80 ℃, filtering, centrifuging the filtrate, adjusting the pH value of the supernatant to the isoelectric point of keratin, centrifuging, dissolving, dialyzing and freeze-drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the fish scale keratin.
Specifically, the process for extracting keratin by the alkaline method comprises the following steps:
adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 7-9 wt% into the residue obtained in the step c), reacting at 55-65 ℃, filtering, adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to an isoelectric point, and centrifuging, dissolving, dialyzing and freeze-drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the fish scale keratin.
In one embodiment, in the step c), the amount of the sodium hydroxide solution added is 15 to 25 times of the weight of the residue obtained in the step b).
In one embodiment, the amount of sodium hydroxide solution added is 15 to 25 times the weight of the residue obtained in step c).
The invention provides a preparation method of fish scale keratin, which comprises the following steps: a) preprocessing fish scales; b) extracting collagen from the pretreated fish scales; c) extracting the residue obtained in the step b) by adopting an alkaline protease method to obtain fish scale keratin; d) extracting the residue obtained in the step c) by an alkaline method to obtain the fish scale keratin. The method comprises the steps of firstly pretreating fish scales, extracting collagen from the fish scales, then extracting keratin from the residual residues through a two-step method, extracting the keratin from the residues through an alkaline protease method in the first step, and continuously extracting the keratin from the residues through the alkaline method in the second step.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1) Fish scale pretreatment:
a, fish scale dehybridization protein: putting 10g of clean grass carp scales into a conical flask, adding 150mL of sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 100g/L, soaking at 4 ℃ for 12h, filtering, and cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the deproteinized fish scales.
B, fish scale degreasing: putting the deproteinized fish scales into a conical flask, adding 150mL of 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, soaking at 4 ℃ for 12h, filtering, and washing with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the degreased fish scales.
C, fish scale decoloration: placing the degreased fish scales in a conical flask, adding 150mL of hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1%, soaking at 4 ℃ for 6h, filtering, and cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the decolored fish scales.
D, fish scale deliming: placing the decolored fish scales in a conical flask, adding 120-140 mL of citric acid solution with the mass concentration of 2-4%, soaking for 6h at 4 ℃, filtering, and respectively cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times to obtain the deashed fish scales, wherein the ash removal rate of the fish scales reaches 97.53%, and the weight of the deashed fish scales is 8.5 g.
2) Degumming the fish scales: soaking and extracting the fish scales obtained in the step 1) with 200mL0.5mol/L citric acid solution at 4 ℃ for 24 hours, and filtering to obtain 6.84g of residue.
3) Extracting fish scale keratin: adding 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide solution which is 20 times of the weight of the residue and is 0.01mol/L and alkaline protease which is 3 percent of the weight of the residue into the residue obtained in the step 2), reacting in a water bath kettle at 60 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out, filtering, centrifuging the filtrate for 20 minutes at 4000r/min in a centrifugal machine, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid into the supernatant to adjust the pH value to the isoelectric point of keratin, standing for 30 minutes, centrifuging for 20 minutes at 4000r/min in the centrifugal machine after the keratin is completely precipitated, dissolving the precipitate with a proper amount of extractant, then putting into a dialysis bag, dialyzing distilled water for 3d, changing water once every 4 hours, and freeze-drying after the dialysis to obtain 0.13g of finished product, wherein the keratin yield is 1.3 percent;
4) and (3) secondary extraction of fish scale keratin: adding 100mL of 7% sodium hydroxide solution into the fish scale residues obtained in the step 3), reacting at 60 ℃ for 30min, filtering to obtain a fish scale keratin extracting solution, adjusting the pH value of the extracting solution to an isoelectric point by using concentrated hydrochloric acid, standing for 30min, placing the extracting solution into a centrifuge for centrifugation at 4000-5000 r/min for 20min after the keratin is completely precipitated, and removing supernatant to obtain pure off-white precipitate, namely the fish scale keratin; dissolving the obtained keratin precipitate with 5mL of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 2-4%, transferring the dissolved keratin precipitate into a dialysis bag, dialyzing distilled water for 3 days, and changing water once every 4 hours; the purified keratin solution is transferred into a plate, covered with a film, frozen at minus 20 ℃ overnight and then placed in a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain 0.51g of dried keratin powder, and the keratin yield is 5.1%.
Through determination, the keratin extracted by the embodiment has the content of 99.9 percent, high purity, molecular weight of about 48KD and complete preservation of molecular structure.
Example 2
1) Fish scale pretreatment:
a, fish scale dehybridization protein: putting 10g of clean grass carp scales into a conical flask, adding 150mL of sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 100g/L, soaking at 4 ℃ for 12h, filtering, and cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the deproteinized fish scales.
B, fish scale degreasing: putting the deproteinized fish scales into a conical flask, adding 150mL of 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, soaking at 4 ℃ for 12h, filtering, and washing with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the degreased fish scales.
C, fish scale decoloration: placing the degreased fish scales in a conical flask, adding 150mL of hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1%, soaking at 4 ℃ for 6h, filtering, and cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the decolored fish scales.
D, fish scale deliming: placing the decolored fish scales in a conical flask, adding 120-140 mL of citric acid solution with the mass concentration of 2-4%, soaking at 4 ℃ for 6h, filtering, and respectively cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times to obtain the deashed fish scales, wherein the ash removal rate of the fish scales reaches 97.53%, and the weight of the deashed fish scales is 8.6 g.
2) Degumming the fish scales: soaking and extracting the fish scales obtained in the step 1) with 200mL of 1 wt% citric acid solution containing 0.30g of pepsin at 4 ℃ for 24 hours, and filtering to obtain 6.43g of residues.
3) Extracting fish scale keratin: adding 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide solution which is 20 times of the weight of the residue and is 0.01mol/L and alkaline protease which is 3 percent of the weight of the residue into the residue obtained in the step 2), reacting in a water bath kettle at 60 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out, filtering, centrifuging the filtrate for 20 minutes at 4000r/min in a centrifugal machine, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid into the supernatant to adjust the pH value to the isoelectric point of keratin, standing for 30 minutes, centrifuging for 20 minutes at 4000r/min in the centrifugal machine after the keratin is completely precipitated, dissolving the precipitate with a proper amount of extractant, then putting into a dialysis bag, dialyzing distilled water for 3d, changing water once every 4 hours, and freeze-drying after the dialysis to obtain 0.15g of finished product, wherein the keratin yield is 1.5 percent;
4) and (3) secondary extraction of fish scale keratin: adding 80mL of 9% sodium hydroxide solution into the fish scale residues obtained in the step 3), reacting at 60 ℃ for 30min, filtering to obtain a fish scale keratin extracting solution, adjusting the pH value of the extracting solution to an isoelectric point by using concentrated hydrochloric acid, standing for 30min, placing the extracting solution into a centrifuge for centrifugation at 4000-5000 r/min for 20min after the keratin is completely precipitated, and removing supernatant to obtain pure off-white precipitate, namely the fish scale keratin; dissolving the obtained keratin precipitate with 5mL of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 2-4%, transferring the dissolved keratin precipitate into a dialysis bag, dialyzing distilled water for 3 days, and changing water once every 4 hours; the purified keratin solution is transferred into a plate, covered with a film, frozen at minus 20 ℃ overnight and then placed in a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain 0.54g of dried keratin powder, and the keratin yield is 5.4%.
Through determination, the keratin extracted by the embodiment has the content of 99.7 percent, high purity, molecular weight of about 48KD and complete preservation of molecular structure.
Example 3
1) Fish scale pretreatment:
a, fish scale dehybridization protein: putting 10g of clean grass carp scales into a conical flask, adding 150mL of sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 100g/L, soaking at 4 ℃ for 12h, filtering, and cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the deproteinized fish scales.
B, fish scale degreasing: putting the deproteinized fish scales into a conical flask, adding 150mL of 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, soaking at 4 ℃ for 12h, filtering, and washing with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the degreased fish scales.
C, fish scale decoloration: placing the degreased fish scales in a conical flask, adding 150mL of hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1%, soaking at 4 ℃ for 6h, filtering, and cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the decolored fish scales.
D, fish scale deliming: placing the decolored fish scales in a conical flask, adding 120-140 mL of citric acid solution with the mass concentration of 2-4%, soaking at 4 ℃ for 6h, filtering, and respectively cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times to obtain the deashed fish scales, wherein the ash removal rate of the fish scales reaches 97.53%, and the weight of the deashed fish scales is 8.6 g.
2) Degumming the fish scales: soaking and extracting the fish scales obtained in the step 1) with 200mL of 1 wt% citric acid solution containing 0.30g of pepsin at 4 ℃ for 24 hours, and filtering to obtain 6.43g of residues.
3) Extracting fish scale keratin: adding 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide solution which is 20 times of the weight of the residue and is 0.01mol/L and alkaline protease which is 3 percent of the weight of the residue into the residue obtained in the step 2), reacting in a water bath kettle at 60 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out, filtering, centrifuging the filtrate for 20 minutes at 4000r/min in a centrifugal machine, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid into the supernatant to adjust the pH value to the isoelectric point of keratin, standing for 30 minutes, centrifuging for 20 minutes at 4000r/min in the centrifugal machine after the keratin is completely precipitated, dissolving the precipitate with a proper amount of extractant, then putting into a dialysis bag, dialyzing distilled water for 3d, changing water once every 4 hours, and freeze-drying after the dialysis to obtain 0.13g of finished product, wherein the keratin yield is 1.3 percent;
4) and (3) secondary extraction of fish scale keratin: adding 80mL of 8% sodium hydroxide solution into the fish scale residues obtained in the step 3), reacting at 60 ℃ for 30min, filtering to obtain a fish scale keratin extracting solution, adjusting the pH value of the extracting solution to an isoelectric point by using concentrated hydrochloric acid, standing for 30min, placing the extracting solution into a centrifuge for centrifugation at 4000-5000 r/min for 20min after the keratin is completely precipitated, and removing supernatant to obtain pure off-white precipitate, namely the fish scale keratin; dissolving the obtained keratin precipitate with 5mL of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 2-4%, transferring the dissolved keratin precipitate into a dialysis bag, dialyzing distilled water for 3 days, and changing water once every 4 hours; the purified keratin solution is transferred into a plate, covered with a film, frozen at minus 20 ℃ overnight and then placed in a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain 0.52g of dried keratin powder, and the keratin yield is 5.2%.
Through determination, the keratin extracted by the embodiment has the content of 99.7 percent, high purity, molecular weight of about 48KD and complete preservation of molecular structure.
Comparative example 1
1) Fish scale pretreatment:
a, fish scale dehybridization protein: putting 10g of clean grass carp scales into a conical flask, adding 150mL of sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 100g/L, soaking at 4 ℃ for 12h, filtering, and cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the deproteinized fish scales.
B, fish scale degreasing: putting the deproteinized fish scales into a conical flask, adding 150mL of 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, soaking at 4 ℃ for 12h, filtering, and washing with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the degreased fish scales.
C, fish scale decoloration: placing the degreased fish scales in a conical flask, adding 150mL of hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1%, soaking at 4 ℃ for 6h, filtering, and cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the decolored fish scales.
D, fish scale deliming: placing the decolored fish scales in a conical flask, adding 120-140 mL of citric acid solution with the mass concentration of 2-4%, soaking for 6h at 4 ℃, filtering, and respectively cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times to obtain the deashed fish scales, wherein the ash removal rate of the fish scales reaches 97.53%, and the weight of the deashed fish scales is 8.5 g.
2) Degumming the fish scales: soaking and extracting the fish scales obtained in the step 1) with 200mL0.5mol/L citric acid solution at 4 ℃ for 24 hours, and filtering to obtain 6.84g of residue.
3) Extracting fish scale keratin: adding 100mL of 7% sodium hydroxide solution into the fish scale residues obtained in the step 2), reacting at 60 ℃ for 30min, filtering to obtain a fish scale keratin extracting solution, adjusting the pH value of the extracting solution to an isoelectric point by using concentrated hydrochloric acid, standing for 30min, placing the extracting solution into a centrifuge for centrifugation at 4000-5000 r/min for 20min after the keratin is completely precipitated, and removing supernatant to obtain pure off-white precipitate, namely the fish scale keratin; dissolving the obtained keratin precipitate with 5mL of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 2-4%, transferring the dissolved keratin precipitate into a dialysis bag, dialyzing distilled water for 3 days, and changing water once every 4 hours; the purified keratin solution is transferred into a plate, covered with a film, frozen at minus 20 ℃ overnight and then placed in a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain 0.44g of dried keratin powder, and the keratin yield is 4.4%.
Through determination, the keratin extracted by the embodiment has the content of 99 percent, high purity, molecular weight of about 48KD and complete preservation of molecular structure.
Comparative example 2
1) Fish scale pretreatment:
a, fish scale dehybridization protein: putting 10g of clean grass carp scales into a conical flask, adding 150mL of sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 100g/L, soaking at 4 ℃ for 12h, filtering, and cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the deproteinized fish scales.
B, fish scale degreasing: putting the deproteinized fish scales into a conical flask, adding 150mL of 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, soaking at 4 ℃ for 12h, filtering, and washing with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the degreased fish scales.
C, fish scale decoloration: placing the degreased fish scales in a conical flask, adding 150mL of hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1%, soaking at 4 ℃ for 6h, filtering, and cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times respectively to obtain the decolored fish scales.
D, fish scale deliming: placing the decolored fish scales in a conical flask, adding 120-140 mL of citric acid solution with the mass concentration of 2-4%, soaking for 6h at 4 ℃, filtering, and respectively cleaning with tap water and distilled water for several times to obtain the deashed fish scales, wherein the ash removal rate of the fish scales reaches 97.53%, and the weight of the deashed fish scales is 8.5 g.
2) Degumming the fish scales: soaking and extracting the fish scales obtained in the step 1) with 200mL0.5mol/L citric acid solution at 4 ℃ for 24 hours, and filtering to obtain 6.84g of residue.
3) Extracting fish scale keratin for the first time: adding 100mL of 7% sodium hydroxide solution into the fish scale residues obtained in the step 2), reacting at 60 ℃ for 30min, filtering to obtain a fish scale keratin extracting solution, adjusting the pH value of the extracting solution to an isoelectric point by using concentrated hydrochloric acid, standing for 30min, placing the extracting solution into a centrifuge for centrifugation at 4000-5000 r/min for 20min after the keratin is completely precipitated, and removing supernatant to obtain pure off-white precipitate, namely the fish scale keratin; dissolving the obtained keratin precipitate with 5mL of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 2-4%, transferring the dissolved keratin precipitate into a dialysis bag, dialyzing distilled water for 3 days, and changing water once every 4 hours; transferring the purified keratin solution into a plate, laminating a film, freezing at-20 ℃ overnight, and freeze-drying in a vacuum freeze-drying machine to obtain 0.43g of dried keratin powder, wherein the keratin yield is 4.3%;
4) and (3) secondary extraction of fish scale keratin: adding 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide solution which is 20 times of the weight of the residue and is 0.01mol/L and alkaline protease which is 3 percent of the weight of the residue into the residue obtained in the step 3), reacting in a water bath kettle at 60 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out, filtering, centrifuging the filtrate for 20 minutes at 4000r/min in a centrifugal machine, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid into the supernatant to adjust the pH value to the isoelectric point of keratin, standing for 30 minutes, centrifuging for 20 minutes at 4000r/min in the centrifugal machine after the keratin is completely precipitated, dissolving the precipitate with a proper amount of extractant, then putting into a dialysis bag, dialyzing distilled water for 3d, changing water once every 4 hours, and freeze-drying after the dialysis to obtain 0.01g of finished product, wherein the keratin yield is 0.1 percent;
through determination, the keratin extracted by the embodiment has the content of 99 percent, high purity, molecular weight of about 48KD and complete preservation of molecular structure.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the original scope of the invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of fish scale keratin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) preprocessing fish scales;
b) extracting collagen from the pretreated fish scales;
c) extracting the residue obtained in the step b) by adopting an alkaline protease method to obtain fish scale keratin;
d) extracting the residue obtained in the step c) by an alkaline method to obtain the fish scale keratin.
2. The method for preparing according to claim 1, wherein the step c) comprises:
adding 0.005-0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution and 1-5 wt% of alkaline protease in the residue obtained in the step b), reacting at 50-80 ℃, filtering, centrifuging the filtrate, adjusting the pH value of the supernatant to the isoelectric point of keratin, centrifuging, dissolving, dialyzing and freeze-drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the fish scale keratin.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step d) comprises:
adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 7-9 wt% into the residue obtained in the step c), reacting at 55-65 ℃, filtering, adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to an isoelectric point, and centrifuging, dissolving, dialyzing and freeze-drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the fish scale keratin.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amount of the sodium hydroxide solution added in step c) is 15 to 25 times the weight of the residue obtained in step b).
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the sodium hydroxide solution added in step d) is 15 to 25 times the weight of the residue obtained in step c).
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein step a) comprises in particular:
a1) soaking fish scales in a sodium chloride solution to remove foreign proteins;
a2) soaking the fish scales obtained in the step a1) in a sodium hydroxide solution for degreasing;
a3) soaking the fish scales obtained in the step a2) in a hydrogen peroxide solution for decoloring;
a4) soaking the fish scales obtained in the step a4) in a citric acid solution for deliming.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein in the step a1), the concentration of sodium chloride is 80-120 g/L;
in the step a2), the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-1.5 mol/L;
in the step a3), the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.5-1 wt%;
in the step a4), the concentration of the citric acid solution is 3-4 wt%.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein step b) comprises in particular:
extracting collagen in the pretreated fish scales by adopting an acid method and/or an enzyme method.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein step b) comprises in particular:
soaking and extracting the fish scales obtained in the step a) in a citric acid solution.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein step b) comprises in particular:
soaking the fish scales obtained in the step a) in a citric acid solution of pepsin for extraction.
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| 欧阳元: "禽蛋膜中角蛋白的提取及其分析", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库（电子期刊）工程科技I辑》 * |
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| CN113754759A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-07 | 润科生物工程（福建）有限公司 | Process for extracting multiple nutritional ingredients from fish scales |
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