CN111517374B - Fe7S8Preparation method of/C composite material - Google Patents

Fe7S8Preparation method of/C composite material Download PDF

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CN111517374B
CN111517374B CN202010312257.6A CN202010312257A CN111517374B CN 111517374 B CN111517374 B CN 111517374B CN 202010312257 A CN202010312257 A CN 202010312257A CN 111517374 B CN111517374 B CN 111517374B
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deionized water
temperature
mixing
preparation
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CN111517374A (en
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周卫民
徐桂英
李建科
王英新
高明筱
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Jixi Weida New Material Technology Co ltd
University of Science and Technology Liaoning USTL
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University of Science and Technology Liaoning USTL
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G49/00Compounds of iron
    • C01G49/12Sulfides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • H01M4/5815Sulfides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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    • C01P2002/85Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by XPS, EDX or EDAX data
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    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
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    • C01P2004/04Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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    • C01P2004/60Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/62Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to Fe7S8The preparation method of the/C composite material comprises the following steps: 1) preparation of solution A: mixing gelatin with 80-85 deg.C deionized water, and stirring to obtain yellowish gel solution; 2) preparing a solution B: FeSO (ferric oxide) is added4·7H2Mixing O with deionized water; 3) preparation of solution C: mixing Na2S·9H2Mixing O with deionized water; 4) and pouring the solution B into the solution A, keeping the temperature at 60-65 ℃, stirring and mixing uniformly, drying, cooling, washing with deionized water and drying. The invention abandons the environment that the prior experimental condition needs high temperature and high pressure, and the functional group and Fe in the gelatin solution are utilized2+The strong combination of the sulfur source and the metal salt forms a viscous gel solution, realizes the nano-scale dispersion of the metal salt, and combines with the sulfur source to form Fe7S8The gelatin can form a carbon network with good conductivity to coat the nano Fe through a high-temperature carbonization process7S8The surface of the particles.

Description

Fe7S8Composite material/CPreparation method of (1)
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion battery cathode materials, and particularly relates to Fe7S8A preparation method of the/C composite material.
Background
Nowadays, the extreme exploitation and utilization of fossil fuels lead to the development and utilization of environmental problems worldwide, and countries are all engaged in the development and utilization of new energy (such as wind energy, electric energy and solar energy), but the new energy also faces the problems of difficult storage, low utilization rate and the like. Lithium ion batteries stand out in numerous energy storage devices due to their high energy density and high output voltage. However, the existing lithium ion battery using graphite as the negative electrode material cannot meet the increasing energy demand due to the lower theoretical specific capacity (372 mAh/g).
Silicon-based, tin-based, iron oxides have been investigated as lithium ion negative electrode materials replacing graphite, such as: a mesoporous silica nanoparticle review, Mehmood a, Ghafar H, Yaqoob S, etc., journal of drug development, 2017, 06 (02); liwei, von xu, courage, high performance lithium battery negative electrode materials with silica nanowire arrays coated with polyethylene oxide, journal of new chemistry, 2019, 43 (36): 14609-14615; the nano tin oxide modified graphite composite material is used as a high-efficiency cathode material of a lithium ion battery, and the journal of international electrochemistry science, 2018, 11762-; qinje, Zhao En, Shi propyle, etc. The sandwich c @ sno2@ c hollow nanostructure is used as an ultra-long-life high-speed anode material of a lithium ion battery and a sodium ion battery. Materials chemistry bulletin a, 2017, 5(22), 10946-; houjie, sun chunfu, jieli, etc. The double-template ordered mesoporous carbon/ferrous oxide nanowire is used as the anode of the lithium ion battery. Nanoscale, 2016, 8 (26): 12958-12969. But is limited by the large volume expansion and poor electron conductivity that can occur during charging and discharging of the lithium ion battery. Compared with the lithium ion negative electrode material, the metal sulfide has the characteristics of higher theoretical specific capacity, low price, environmental friendliness and the like, and is used as a new generation of negative electrode material with potential value. Such as: hollow charcoal with ferrous sulfide as auxiliary materialThe ball is used as a sulfur carrier of an advanced lithium sulfur battery, and the chemical bulletin, 2017, 326 (1040-. However, the use of a single metal sulfide as a negative electrode material alone is also hindered by the poor electrochemical performance resulting from the host material pulverization due to volume expansion (pyrite FeS for high rate long life rechargeable sodium batteries2. Energy and environmental science, 2015, 8 (4): 1309-2Sx (1. ltoreq. x. ltoreq.8) is easily dissolved in a liquid electrolyte, resulting in loss of an active material and deterioration of electrode conductivity. It has become a research focus today to take effective measures to solve this problem.
Recent researches show that the compounding of the carbon material and the metal sulfide is an effective method for improving the electrochemical performance, and the carbon component not only can improve the conductivity of the metal sulfide negative electrode material, but also plays a structural buffering role and limits the volume expansion of the metal sulfide negative electrode material in the lithium desorption process. However, the conventional preparation steps of metal sulfides and carbon materials are complex, long in time consumption, and harsh in preparation conditions, and are difficult to produce in large quantities.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide Fe7S8The preparation method of the/C composite material adopts gelatin carbon to coat Fe7S8The lithium ion battery cathode electrode material is prepared, and Fe is effectively inhibited7S8The single use of the lithium ion battery anode material has the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
fe7S8The preparation method of the/C composite material comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of solution A: gelatin and deionized water with the temperature of 80-85 ℃ are mixed according to the mass ratio of (1-1.5): 10, stirring at the rotating speed of 250-350r/min to change the mixture into a yellowish gel solution;
2) preparing a solution B: solid particles of FeSO4·7H2O and deionized water according to the mass ratio of (0.068-0.075): 1, mixing to obtain a solution B;
3) preparation of solution C: adding solid Na in lump form2S·9H2O and deionized water according to the mass ratio of (0.05-0.06): 1, mixing to obtain a solution C;
4) pouring the solution B into the solution A, keeping the temperature at 60-65 ℃, stirring for 0.5-1h, and uniformly mixing;
5) slowly adding the solution C into the solution obtained in the step 4), stirring for 0.5-1h at the temperature of 60-65 ℃, drying for 20-24h at the temperature of 75-85 ℃, keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 3.5-4.5 h under the nitrogen atmosphere, cooling to room temperature, washing and drying the product for multiple times by using deionized water to obtain Fe7S8a/C composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
Fe7S8the preparation method of the/C composite material abandons the environment that the prior experimental condition needs high temperature and high pressure, and functional groups and Fe in the gelatin solution2+The strong combination of the sulfur source and the metal salt forms a viscous gel solution, realizes the nano-scale dispersion of the metal salt, and combines with the sulfur source to form Fe7S8The gelatin can form a carbon network with good conductivity to coat the nano Fe through a high-temperature carbonization process7S8The surface of the particles. Mixing Fe7S8the/C composite material is applied to a negative electrode material of a lithium ion half-cell, and the maximum capacity is 657.3mAh g after the current density is 100mAh/g and the circulation is 400 circles-1This indicates Fe7S8the/C composite material has considerable application prospect in the aspect of electrochemical energy storage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is Fe7S8A preparation flow chart of the/C composite material.
FIG. 2 is Fe7S8XRD pattern of the/C composite material.
FIG. 3 is Fe7S8Transmission electron micrograph and EDX energy spectrogram of the/C composite material.
FIG. 4 is Fe7S8Thermogravimetric plot of/C composite.
FIG. 5 (a) Fe7S8A full spectrum of the/C composite; (b) a Fe 2p map; (c) (S2 p) map; (d) c1 s map.
FIG. 6(a) Fe7S8A rate performance graph of/C and Fe7S 8; (b) an impedance plot; (c) and (4) a cycle performance graph.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Fe7S8The preparation method of the/C composite material comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of solution A: gelatin and deionized water with the temperature of 80-85 ℃ are mixed according to the mass ratio of (1-1.5): 10, stirring at the rotating speed of 250-350r/min to change the mixture into a yellowish gel solution;
2) preparing a solution B: solid particles of FeSO4·7H2O and deionized water according to the mass ratio of (0.068-0.075): 1, mixing to obtain a solution B;
3) preparing a solution C: mixing the solid Na2S·9H2O and deionized water according to the mass ratio of (0.05-0.06): 1 to obtain a solution C;
4) pouring the solution B into the solution A, keeping the temperature at 60-65 ℃, stirring for 0.5-1h, and uniformly mixing;
5) slowly adding the solution C into the solution obtained in the step 4), stirring for 0.5-1h at the temperature of 60-65 ℃, drying for 20-24h at the temperature of 75-85 ℃, keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 3.5-4.5 h under the nitrogen atmosphere, cooling to room temperature, washing and drying the product for multiple times by using deionized water to obtain Fe7S8a/C composite material.
Example 1
See FIG. 1, Fe7S8The preparation method of the/C composite material comprises the steps of firstly, dissolving 4.4g of gelatin in 40ml of deionized water at 85 ℃, and stirring at the rotating speed of 300r/min to change the gelatin into a yellowish gel solution, namely solution A. Then 5.56g and 4.8g of FeSO were weighed out separately4·7H2O and Na2S·9H2O was dissolved in 80ml of deionized water and designated as B and C solutions. The solution B was poured into 40ml of the solution A, the temperature was maintained at 60 ℃ and the mixture was stirred to mix well. In the above solutionSlowly adding the solution C, stirring at 60 ℃ for 1h, drying at 80 ℃ for 24h, keeping the temperature of 500 ℃ for 4h in a nitrogen atmosphere, cooling to room temperature, washing the product with deionized water for multiple times, and drying to obtain a solid named as Fe7S8a/C composite material.
The assembly process of the lithium ion battery comprises the preparation of electrode plates and the assembly process of the lithium ion battery, and specifically comprises the following steps:
respectively weighing Fe according to the mass ratio of 8:1:17S8Grinding and uniformly mixing the/C composite material, the conductive agent (Super-P) and the binder (PVDF), adding N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare viscous slurry, and uniformly coating the viscous slurry on the surface of a current collector (copper foil) by using a film coater.
And (3) putting the copper foil coated with the slurry into a vacuum oven at 120 ℃ for baking for 12h, and removing the NMP solvent. And finally, cutting the copper foil into circular electrode plates with the diameter of 11mm for later use. The sequence of packaging the batteries is as follows: negative electrode shell, lithium piece, diaphragm, negative electrode piece, gasket, spring leaf, positive electrode shell. The lithium sheet served as the counter and reference electrodes throughout the test element. The whole process of packaging the lithium ion battery is carried out in a glove box filled with argon, and the water and oxygen content is less than 0.1 ppm.
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the sample prepared in example 1, corresponding to standard Card JCPDS Card No.71-0591, illustrating the successful preparation of Fe7S8a/C composite material.
FIG. 3 is a TEM and EDX spectrum of the sample prepared in example 1, in which Fe is clearly shown in (a), (b), (c) and (e)7S8Well distributed and forms a cross-linked structure with carbon. FIG. 3 (d) Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) image and element mapping images (f), (g), (h) confirm Fe7S8The crystal is uniformly coated with carbon.
FIG. 4 is a thermogravimetric plot of the sample prepared in example 1, with a temperature rise rate of 10 deg.C/min, a temperature range of 50 to 900 deg.C, and an atmosphere of air for the thermogravimetric testing. The first slight weight loss before 300 ℃ is mainly the loss of water; from 300 ℃ to 400 ℃, the slight weight gain is caused by Fe7S8Is oxidized into Fe2(SO4)3Caused by (a); the obvious weight loss at 400-500 ℃ is caused by the combustion of carbon and Fe7S8Oxidation of the nanoparticles; the weight loss between 500 and 640 ℃ is caused by Fe2(SO4)3Decomposition to Fe2O3、SO2And O2. By last Fe2O3The carbon content of the composite was calculated to be 54.8%.
FIG. 5 is an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS chart of the sample prepared in example 1. The presence of Fe, S, C, N and O elements in the composite material is known. In the Fe 2p map (FIG. 5(b)), peaks at 724.7eV and 710.8eV correspond to Fe3+In addition the two peaks at 713.4eV and 725.4eV correspond to Fe2+Is present. In the high resolution S2 p XPS spectrum (FIG. 5(c)), the peaks at 160.95eV and 162.12eV correspond to S2-163.3eV and 164.7eV correspond to Sn2-While the two peaks at 168.1 and 169.3eV correspond to the oxidized group (SO)x). In addition, the C1 s peak is divided into four typical components: the peak at 284.6eV represents the carbon atom in the C-C bond, representing a widely delocalized sp2 hybridized carbon.
FIG. 6(c) shows Fe in the sample prepared in example 17S8C with gelatin carbon and pure Fe7S8And a cycle performance chart under the conditions that the current density is 100mA/g and the voltage range is 0.01V-3.0V. As can be seen from the figure, pure Fe7S8The capacity of (A) rapidly decreases with the progress of the cycle, since Li ions are in Fe7S8Repeated intercalation and deintercalation in the crystal lead to the breakage of the crystal lattice. After carbon is coated, the carbon layer has obvious influence on the structural stability of the composite material, the thick carbon layer is obviously beneficial to maintaining the structural stability, but the lithium storage capacity of the composite material is also reduced, and after the first circle of charging and discharging SEI film forming process, Fe7S8The lithium storage capacity of the second circle of the/C is 568.1mAh g-1The lithium storage capacity after circulating for 400 circles is 657.3mAh g-1And is of Fe7S8The capacity is only 237.04mAh g after 100 cycles of circulation-1Significantly lower than the lithium storage capacity of the composite material, which isIndicating carbon and Fe7S8The synergistic effect between the components improves the electrochemical performance of the composite material.
To further understand the rate capability of the composite, experiments examined Fe at different current densities (100mA/g, 200mA/g, 500mA/g, 1000mA/g)7S8Fe of example 17S8Rate capability of the/C material. As can be seen from FIG. 6(a), sample Fe7S8The lithium storage capacity of the sample is 492.91mAh/g, 407.2mAh/g, 302.7mAh/g and 231.3mAh/g when the sample is respectively circulated for 10 circles under the current densities of 100mA/g, 200mA/g, 500mA/g and 1000mA/g, and after the current density returns to 100mA/g again for 10 circles from 1000mA/g, the material still has the lithium storage capacity of 506.8mAh/g, which is obviously higher than that of Fe7S8Is mainly due to nanoscale Fe7S8The thin carbon layer on the crystal surface shortens the transmission radius of lithium ions, and the uniform carbon layer structure also provides excellent electron and ion conduction rates, and the combined action of the two ultimately determines excellent rate performance.
Fig. 6(b) is an ac impedance diagram of the sample. The AC impedance curve of the sample consists of a semicircle and an oblique line, and the semicircle in the high-frequency region is Li+Migration diffusion through SEI film resistance (R)2) The middle frequency region semicircle is the charge transfer resistance (R)3) The slash in the low frequency region indicates Li+Impedance diffused inside the electrode. Fe7S8,Fe7S8Charge transfer resistance (R) of/C material3) 797.6 omega and 97.33 omega respectively, and after the carbon is coated, the impedance value of the composite material is obviously reduced, which shows that the gelatin carbon has better conductivity and can inhibit Fe7S8The lattice of (2) expands.
The above electrochemical test results show that the Fe-Fe alloy is prepared by adding Fe7S8Surface coating with carbon successfully improved Fe7S8Thereby rendering Fe7S8the/C composite material shows stronger applicability in the preparation of carbon cathodes.

Claims (1)

1. Fe7S8Composite material/CThe preparation method of the material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparation of solution A: gelatin and deionized water with the temperature of 80-85 ℃ are mixed according to the mass ratio of (1-1.5): 10, stirring at the rotating speed of 250-350r/min to change the mixture into a yellowish gel solution;
2) preparing a solution B: solid particles of FeSO4·7H2O and deionized water according to the mass ratio of (0.068-0.075): 1, mixing to obtain a solution B;
3) preparation of solution C: adding solid Na in lump form2S·9H2O and deionized water according to the mass ratio of (0.05-0.06): 1, mixing to obtain a solution C;
4) pouring the solution B into the solution A, keeping the temperature at 60-65 ℃, stirring for 0.5-1h, and uniformly mixing;
5) slowly adding the solution C into the solution obtained in the step 4), stirring for 0.5-1h at the temperature of 60-65 ℃, drying for 20-24h at the temperature of 75-85 ℃, keeping the constant temperature for 3.5-4.5 h at the temperature of 550 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere, cooling to room temperature, washing and drying the product for multiple times by using deionized water to obtain Fe7S8a/C composite material.
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CN112794360B (en) * 2020-12-31 2023-04-14 鸡西市唯大新材料科技有限公司 Preparation of nano SnO 2 Method for preparing/GC composite anode material
CN113224291B (en) * 2021-03-26 2022-10-04 浙江理工大学 Nitrogen-sulfur-doped carbon-loaded Fe 7 S 8 Preparation method and application of battery cathode material
CN113401948B (en) * 2021-06-17 2022-11-11 江西师范大学 Negative electrode Fe of lithium ion battery 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 Composite material, preparation method and application
CN114854086A (en) * 2022-06-23 2022-08-05 哈尔滨学院 Flexible nano composite material film and preparation method thereof
CN115676900B (en) * 2022-10-24 2024-04-09 江西师范大学 Lithium ion battery cathode Fe 7 S 8 Composite material/C, preparation method and application thereof

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