CN111517311B - Preparation method of large-size biomass graphene and application of large-size biomass graphene in energy storage device - Google Patents

Preparation method of large-size biomass graphene and application of large-size biomass graphene in energy storage device Download PDF

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CN111517311B
CN111517311B CN202010389417.7A CN202010389417A CN111517311B CN 111517311 B CN111517311 B CN 111517311B CN 202010389417 A CN202010389417 A CN 202010389417A CN 111517311 B CN111517311 B CN 111517311B
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graphene
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biomass
biomass graphene
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CN111517311A (en
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谢娟
王虎
许家科
刘彪
柏鹏辉
王陈杰
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Southwest Petroleum University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/182—Graphene
    • C01B32/184—Preparation
    • C01B32/19—Preparation by exfoliation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2204/00—Structure or properties of graphene
    • C01B2204/20—Graphene characterized by its properties
    • C01B2204/32—Size or surface area

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of large-size biomass graphene. The loose and porous biomass graphene with the sheet diameter of more than 100 mu m can be prepared by using natural biomass as a raw material and utilizing a special micro-cavity structure in the raw material through mechanical crushing, chemical stripping, carbonization and organic solvent ultrasonic processes. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the graphene takes natural biomass as a raw material, large-size loose and porous biomass graphene is prepared, a certain amount of organic solvent is reserved in the preparation process, and graphene slurry is obtained, so that the preparation method of the graphene is beneficial to application of the graphene slurry in an energy storage device. The preparation method of the graphene adopted by the invention has the advantages of simple process, easy operation, low equipment requirement, low production cost and the like, can realize large-scale batch production, and has good application prospect.

Description

Preparation method of large-size biomass graphene and application of large-size biomass graphene in energy storage device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass graphene, and relates to a method for preparing large-size graphene by using a natural biomass material.
Background
(1) With the exhaustion of fossil energy and the serious problem of environmental pollution, the development and utilization of renewable clean energy sources are increased. The solar energy, the wind energy, the ocean energy and other new energy resources are rich in reserves, clean and renewable, but the new energy resources have the natural characteristics of changeability and instability, so that the power generation output power is not stable and is not easy to adjust, and great challenges are brought to the operation of a power grid. The application of energy storage devices is particularly important in order to enable the intermittent and diversified new energy products to be integrated into the power grid. In addition, with the rapid development of new energy industries represented by electric vehicles and the increasing popularization of portable electronic products, unprecedented opportunities are provided for the wide application of energy storage devices, and higher requirements are also put forward on the performance of the energy storage devices. Lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors are two of the most mature energy storage devices currently commercialized. Common conductive agents of the energy storage device are carbon black, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube and the like; carbon-based materials such as activated carbon are commonly used as electrode materials.
(2) Graphene is a carbon atom sp2Two-dimensional carbon-based material composed of six-membered rings formed by hybridization. Due to the excellent conductivity, the ultra-fast two-dimensional plane transfer characteristic and the very small stacking density, the effect of a large amount of traditional conductive agents can be achieved by only adding a very small amount of graphene, so that the proportion of the conductive agents is reduced, and the proportion of electrode materials and the energy density of devices are improved. In addition, due to the ultra-large specific surface area, high chemical stability and high electrical conductivity, the graphene has great application possibility in the electrode material of the supercapacitor. Therefore, the graphene is expected to be applied to energy storage devices as a conductive agent and an electrode material.
(3) Currently, the most studied graphene preparation methods include a physical stripping method, a chemical vapor deposition method, an oxidation-reduction method, and the like. The graphene produced by the physical stripping method has few defects and high purity, but the production is time-consuming, the yield is low, and the large-scale production difficulty is high; the graphene produced by the chemical vapor deposition method has high quality, but the production condition is harsh and the production cost is high; the oxidation-reduction method can produce graphene on a large scale, but the produced graphene has many defects, poor quality and many influencing factors in the production process.
(4) Some natural biomass materials, such as rape straw cores, sorghum straw cores, light soft wood chips and the like, have special micro-cavity structures inside. The biomass is used as a raw material, and after an extremely thin biological tissue is chemically stripped, carbonization treatment is carried out, so that the large-size biomass graphene material with a micro-cavity structure can be prepared. The invention provides a method for preparing graphene by using a natural biomass material under a mild condition, the preparation method is simple and easy to operate, the production cost is low, and the prepared biomass graphene has excellent performance and can be widely applied to energy storage devices.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a graphene hydrogen storage material by using a natural biomass material. The loose and porous graphene with the sheet diameter larger than 100 mu m is prepared by utilizing a special micro-cavity structure in the raw materials, and is beneficial to stacking of electrode materials in an energy storage device and ion transportation after densification. By adjusting the process parameters, the graphene slurry containing a certain amount of organic solvent can be prepared, which is beneficial to the dispersibility and stability of the graphene conductive agent. The preparation method is simple to operate and mild in process conditions, and can be used for preparing the conductive agent and the electrode material applied to the energy storage device.
The preparation method of the large-size biomass graphene comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning natural biomass raw materials, mechanically crushing the raw materials into particles, and controlling the particle size to be in the range of 20 meshes to 60 meshes;
(2) adding 1-50 g of crushed raw material particles into the chemical stripping solution A, soaking for 1h, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 1-24 h, filtering out solid substances, and washing the filtered substances with clear water;
(3) putting the cleaned filter into a tube furnace for carbonization, controlling the temperature rise rate of the tube furnace to be 5-20 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 200-650 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 1-10 h to obtain a carbonized product;
(4) adding 1-30 g of carbonized product into an organic solvent B, soaking for 0.5h, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 1-12 h, then putting the ultrasonic solid-liquid mixture into an oven, performing heat preservation at 60-140 ℃ for 0.5-10 h, and controlling the solid content to be 50-95% to prepare the biomass graphene with the sheet diameter larger than 100 microns.
The chemical stripping solution A in the step (2) is one or more of concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid, permanganic acid, perchloric acid, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; the organic solvent B in the step (4) is one or more of N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC), N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), benzyl benzoate (BNBZ), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), isopropanol, N-propanol, acetonitrile, methanol and ethanol.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the preparation method provided by the invention can prepare the large-size biomass graphene with a special micro-cavity structure and the sheet diameter of more than 100 mu m, and the large-size biomass graphene can be used as a conductive agent and an electrode material of an energy storage device;
(2) the method for preparing the graphene has the advantages of cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, simple and feasible operation, low equipment requirement and low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale batch production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a large-size biomass graphene prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended only for a better understanding of the contents of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
(1) cleaning and mechanically crushing the light cork dust into particles with the particle size of 40 meshes;
(2) 50g of crushed raw material particles are added into a chemical stripping solution A prepared from 50mL of concentrated nitric acid and 50mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to be soaked for 1h, and then ultrasonic treatment is carried out at room temperature for 24h, solid matters are filtered out, and the filtered matters are washed by clear water;
(3) putting the cleaned filter into a tubular furnace for carbonization, controlling the temperature rise rate of the tubular furnace at 10 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 600 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 4 hours to obtain a carbonized product;
(4) and adding 30g of carbonized product into an organic solvent B prepared from 50mL of DMSO and 10mL of isopropanol, soaking for 0.5h, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 6h, putting the ultrasonic solid-liquid mixture into an oven, performing heat preservation at 80 ℃ for 4h, and controlling the solid content within the range of 75% to obtain the biomass graphene with the sheet diameter larger than 100 microns.
Example 2:
(1) cleaning sorghum straw cores, and then mechanically crushing the sorghum straw cores into particles with the particle size of 20 meshes;
(2) adding 50g of crushed raw material particles into a chemical stripping solution A prepared from 20mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 80mL of concentrated nitric acid, soaking for 1h, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 8h, filtering out solid substances, and washing the filtered substances with clear water;
(3) putting the cleaned filter into a tubular furnace for carbonization, controlling the temperature rise rate of the tubular furnace at 5 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 450 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 6 hours to obtain a carbonized product;
(4) and adding 30g of carbonized product into an organic solvent B prepared from 40mL of DMF and 20mL of n-propanol, soaking for 0.5h, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 8h, putting the solid-liquid mixture after ultrasonic treatment into an oven, performing heat preservation at 60 ℃ for 6h, and controlling the solid content within the range of 80% to obtain the biomass graphene with the sheet diameter of more than 100 microns.
Example 3:
(1) cleaning and mechanically crushing the corn straw cores into particles with the particle size of 30 meshes;
(2) 50g of crushed raw material particles are added into a chemical stripping solution A prepared from 50mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 50mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to be soaked for 1h, and then ultrasonic treatment is carried out at room temperature for 20h, solid matters are filtered out, and the filtered matters are washed by clean water;
(3) putting the cleaned filter into a tubular furnace for carbonization, controlling the temperature rise rate of the tubular furnace at 10 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 650 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 8 hours to obtain a carbonized product;
(4) and adding 30g of carbonized product into an organic solvent B prepared from 30mL of BNBZ and 30mL of NMP, soaking for 0.5h, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 10h, putting the solid-liquid mixture after ultrasonic treatment into an oven, performing heat preservation at 120 ℃ for 6h, and controlling the solid content within the range of 85% to prepare the biomass graphene with the sheet diameter of more than 100 microns.
Example 4:
(1) cleaning and mechanically crushing the rape straw cores into particles with the particle size of 60 meshes;
(2) adding 50g of crushed raw material particles into a chemical stripping solution A prepared from 40mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and 60mL of permanganic acid, soaking for 1h, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 10h, filtering out solid substances, and washing the filtered substances with clear water;
(3) putting the cleaned filter into a tubular furnace for carbonization, controlling the temperature rise rate of the tubular furnace at 5 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 500 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 5 hours to obtain a carbonized product;
(4) and adding 30g of carbonized product into an organic solvent B prepared from 20mL of GBL and 40mL of isopropanol, soaking for 0.5h, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 12h, putting the ultrasonic solid-liquid mixture into an oven, performing heat preservation at 80 ℃ for 4h, and controlling the solid content within a range of 90% to obtain the biomass graphene with the sheet diameter of more than 100 microns.

Claims (2)

1. A preparation method of large-size biomass graphene is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cleaning natural biomass raw materials, mechanically crushing the raw materials into particles, and controlling the particle size to be in the range of 20 meshes to 60 meshes;
(2) adding 1-50 g of crushed raw material particles into the chemical stripping solution A, soaking for 1h, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 1-24 h, filtering out solid substances, and washing the filtered substances with clear water;
(3) putting the cleaned filter into a tube furnace for carbonization, controlling the temperature rise rate of the tube furnace to be 5-20 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 200-650 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 1-10 h to obtain a carbonized product;
(4) adding 1-30 g of carbonized product into an organic solvent B, soaking for 0.5h, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 1-12 h, then putting the ultrasonic solid-liquid mixture into an oven, performing heat preservation at 60-140 ℃ for 0.5-10 h, and controlling the solid content to be 50-95% to prepare biomass graphene with the sheet diameter larger than 100 microns;
the chemical stripping solution A is one or more of concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid, permanganic acid and perchloric acid.
2. The method for preparing biomass graphene with large size according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent B in the step (4) is one or more of N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzyl benzoate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, gamma-butyrolactone, isopropanol, N-propanol, acetonitrile, methanol and ethanol.
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