CN111514745A

CN111514745A - Space disinfection ozone accelerated reduction method

Info

Publication number: CN111514745A
Application number: CN202010330466.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何志明
Original assignee: Foshan Comwin Light & Electricity Co ltd
Current assignee: Foshan Comwin Light & Electricity Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-24
Filing date: 2020-04-24
Publication date: 2020-08-11

Abstract

The invention provides a space disinfection ozone accelerated reduction method, which adopts a second ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 253.7nm and an ozone adsorption piece to reduce ozone, and comprises the following steps: setting the ratio of the power of the second ultraviolet lamp to the current disinfection space volume to be 4-30W/m; setting the ozone adsorption piece to be made of a porous material containing Mn, Ce and La, wherein the PPI (pore density) is 10-25; when the ozone in the current disinfection space reaches the preset concentration, the second ultraviolet lamp is started to reduce the ozone in the current disinfection space through ultraviolet radiation, the ozone adsorption element absorbs the ozone to carry out catalytic reduction, so that the ozone reduction efficiency after the ozone in the disinfection space is disinfected is effectively improved, the ozone reduction time is shortened, the whole ozone disinfection period is further shortened, the corrosivity on articles in the disinfection space is also reduced, part of expensive hydrogen peroxide disinfection scenes can be replaced, the implementation cost of space disinfection is reduced, and the application scenes of ozone disinfection are greatly widened.

Description

Space disinfection ozone accelerated reduction method

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of ozone disinfection and ozone reduction, in particular to a method capable of accelerating ozone reduction after ozone disinfection.

Background

Space sterilization refers to the sterilization of specific objects when nobody is present, the sterilization of air in a space and the sterilization of object surfaces, which are generally performed in a sealed or relatively sealed space. At present, methods such as ultraviolet radiation, fumigation (acetic acid fumigation, formaldehyde fumigation and medicine fumigation), spraying of disinfectant (chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, alcohol and the like), hydrogen peroxide aerosol spraying, ozone disinfection and the like are mainly adopted.

The ultraviolet radiation disinfection has the advantages of rapidness and high efficiency, but the ultraviolet rays cannot be diffracted and can not pass through a shelter, and a disinfection blind area exists, so that the ultraviolet radiation disinfection can not be thoroughly disinfected.

The fumigation, the spraying of disinfectant and the aerosol spraying of hydrogen peroxide have the advantages that the disinfection substance is in a small drop or aerosol state, the permeability is not strong, certain blind areas exist in disinfection, and meanwhile, chemical residues exist. These disinfection modes generally need personnel or intelligent robot to accomplish, also need the chemical consumptive material, have certain injury to the environment. The hydrogen peroxide disinfection machine has the advantages that the oxidation is weaker than that of ozone, the disinfection period is short, about half an hour, the corrosiveness is lighter than that of the ozone, the price is high, and the material cost is high.

Ozone can kill various pathogenic microorganisms, is used as gas, has better diffusivity than aerosol and relatively more thorough ozone disinfection. However, the traditional ozone disinfection machine has three problems: 1. ozone is generated through air discharge, and harmful toxic byproducts of nitrogen oxides are easily generated; 2. the influence of dry and humid climate is large, and the amount of ozone generated is very unstable; 3. the natural decay of ozone is slow, the ozone concentration in the space of 8-10h after disinfection still can exceed the safe concentration, and the ozone has unpleasant odor. Such as 40mg/m ozone disinfection for space³The concentration and the time are required to be 60 minutes, and the concentration is about 0.2mg/m when the natural reduction is carried out until the safe concentration which can be contacted by people for a long time³The whole disinfection period is not less than 6 h.

Ozone disinfection, both guaranteed required ozone concentration of disinfection, time to guarantee the disinfection effect, shorten ozone disinfection cycle simultaneously, the security of guarantee personnel entering disinfection space reduces the corruption to space article. At present, ozone disinfectors on the market are not provided with an active ozone reduction function. The concentration and time of ozone used in common ozone disinfection are not enough, and the disinfection effect cannot be achieved. Even though some prior art products are capable of achieving ozone concentrations and times for disinfection, the time required for ozone to naturally reduce to a safe concentration for human contact is too long, resulting in a long overall disinfection cycle.

Patent No. CN104689362A discloses a method for disinfecting a small space, which uses an ultraviolet lamp to generate ozone, and reduces the ozone by the ultraviolet lamp. The scheme is suitable for ozone disinfection of small sealed space. The ultraviolet lamp reduces ozone by local radiation in the channel, so the speed is slow and the disinfection period is still long.

At present, a composite disinfection mode of disinfection by 253.7nm radiation and 185nm ultraviolet ray generated ozone disinfection is available on the market, but the disinfection does not comply with the requirement of ozone disinfection, namely, the disinfection factor is mainly 253.7nm ultraviolet radiation disinfection, and the concentration of the generated spatial ozone is far lower than the 20mg/m ozone required by the standard³、40mg/m³Therefore, the ozone disinfection effect is weak, the ozone reduction function is not available, and the propaganda significance is greater than the practical use significance.

Therefore, the prior art in this field has a technical obstacle that the ozone disinfection should theoretically be carried out in such a way that the concentration and duration of the ozone disinfection are required to ensure the disinfection effect. On the other hand, due to the improvement of the ozone disinfection concentration, the ozone concentration after ozone disinfection needs to be quickly reduced to or lower than the safe concentration which can be contacted by people, so that the safety of personnel entering a space is guaranteed, the corrosion to space articles is reduced, and the realization is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide an ozone accelerated reduction method for space disinfection, so as to improve the ozone reduction efficiency after ozone disinfection in a space, shorten the ozone reduction time and further shorten the whole ozone disinfection period.

In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for accelerating reduction of ozone for space sterilization, wherein an ozone adsorbing member is used to adsorb ozone for catalytic reduction, the method comprising the steps of: the ozone adsorption piece is made of a porous material containing Mn, Ce and La, and the PPI (pore density) is 10-25; when the ozone in the current disinfection space reaches the preset concentration, the ozone adsorption piece is allowed to contact with the ozone and absorb the ozone for catalytic reduction.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the ozone adsorbing member is Mn-containing polyurethane cotton.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the ozone adsorbing member is at least one of an aluminum wire containing Ce and La or a sponge base material or a combination thereof.

In a possible preferred embodiment, a fan is used to supply the circulating air in the current disinfection space for the ozone adsorbing member, and the ratio of the air volume per hour of the fan to the volume of the disinfection space is set to be more than 6.

The space disinfection ozone accelerated reduction method provided by the invention effectively improves the ozone reduction efficiency after ozone disinfection in the disinfection space, shortens the ozone reduction time, further shortens the whole ozone disinfection period, and also reduces the corrosivity to articles in the disinfection space.

In order to achieve the above object, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ozone reduction acceleration method for space sterilization, which reduces ozone by using a second ultraviolet lamp having a wavelength of 253.7nm and an ozone adsorbing member, comprising the steps of: setting the ratio of the power of the second ultraviolet lamp to the current disinfection space volume to be 4-30W/m; arranging an ozone adsorption piece as a porous material; when the current ozone in the disinfection space reaches the preset concentration, the second ultraviolet lamp is started to reduce the current ozone in the disinfection space through ultraviolet radiation, and the ozone adsorption piece absorbs the ozone to reduce the current ozone.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the ozone adsorbing member is polyurethane cotton containing Mn, and has the function of catalyzing and reducing ozone.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the ozone adsorbing member is an aluminum wire or sponge base material containing Ce and La,

has the function of catalyzing and reducing ozone.

In a possible preferred embodiment, a fan is adopted to provide circulating air in the current disinfection space for the first ultraviolet lamp and the ozone adsorbing member, and the ratio of the air volume per hour of the fan to the volume of the disinfection space is set to be more than 6.

The space disinfection ozone accelerated reduction method provided by the invention effectively improves the ozone reduction efficiency after ozone disinfection in the disinfection space, shortens the ozone reduction time, further shortens the whole ozone disinfection period, reduces the corrosivity on articles in the disinfection space, can replace part of expensive hydrogen peroxide disinfection scenes, reduces the implementation cost of space disinfection, and greatly widens the application scenes of ozone disinfection.

In order to achieve the above object, in a third aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a space sterilizing ozone accelerated reduction method, which generates ozone using a first ultraviolet lamp having a wavelength of 185 nm; reducing ozone by using a second ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of 253.7nm and an ozone adsorbing member, comprising the following steps of: setting the ratio of the power of the first ultraviolet lamp to the current disinfection space volume to be more than 3W/m for cultivating; setting the ratio of the power of the second ultraviolet lamp to the current disinfection space volume to be 4-30W/m; arranging an ozone adsorption piece as a porous material; when the first ultraviolet lamp generates ozone in the disinfection space to reach the preset concentration and last for the preset time, the second ultraviolet lamp is started to reduce the current ozone in the disinfection space through ultraviolet radiation, and the ozone adsorption piece absorbs the ozone to reduce the current ozone.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the first uv lamp is arranged in a wind tunnel which is connected to the current disinfection space for taking in circulating wind.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the tube current density of the first ultraviolet lamp is one of the following parameters: 0.5-0.6A/cm²、0.6-0.7A/cm²、0.7-0.8A/cm²、0.8-0.9A/cm²、0.9-1.0A/cm²、1.0-1.1A/cm²Or 1.1-1.2A/cm²。

In a possible preferred embodiment, the first ultraviolet lamp is operated intermittently for a predetermined time to maintain the concentration of ozone in the current disinfection space at a predetermined concentration (e.g. 20 mg/m)³、40mg/m³) Nearby.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the ratio of the power of the second UV lamp to the current disinfection space volume is 8-25W/m³。

In a possible preferred embodiment, the tube current density of the second ultraviolet lamp is one of the following parameters: 0.3-0.4A/cm²、0.4-0.5A/cm²、0.5-0.6A/cm²Or 0.6-0.7A/cm²。

In a possible preferred embodiment, the space disinfection ozone accelerated reduction method further comprises the following steps: the second ultraviolet lamp works 10-40 minutes after the first ultraviolet lamp finishes working, so that the corrosivity to space articles is reduced.

In a possible preferred embodiment, a fan is used for providing circulating air in the current disinfection space for the first ultraviolet lamp and the ozone adsorbing member, and the ratio of the air volume per hour of the fan to the volume of the disinfection space is set to be more than 12.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the circulating air supplied from the blower does not flow through the ozone adsorbing member when the first ultraviolet lamp produces ozone, and the circulating air supplied from the blower flows through the ozone adsorbing member when the second ultraviolet lamp operates.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the ozone adsorbing member is made of a porous material containing Mn, Ce, and La, and the cross-sectional area of the pores is at least one of the following parameters: 0.7-0.8mm²、0.8-0.9mm²、0.9-1.0mm²、1.0-1.1mm²、1.1-1.2mm²、1.2-1.3mm²、1.4-1.5mm²、1.6-1.7mm²、1.8 -1.9mm²、1.9-2.0mm²、2.0-2.1mm²Or 2.2-2.3mm²And the cross section of the hole is at least one of the following: circular, quadrilateral, hexagonal, octagonal, triangular.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the ozone adsorbing member is at least one of the following: mn-containing honeycomb porous material, Mn-containing activated carbon, Mn-containing honeycomb ceramic, Mn-containing polyurethane cotton, Ce-containing honeycomb porous material, Ce-containing activated carbon, Mn-containing honeycomb ceramic, Mn-containing polyurethane cotton, Ce-containing honeycomb porous material, and Ce-containing activated carbon,The Ce-containing honeycomb ceramic, the Ce-containing honeycomb aluminum and the Ce-containing polyurethane cotton are adopted, and the pore cross-sectional area of the ozone adsorbing piece is at least one of the following parameters: 0.8-0.9mm²、0.9-1.0mm²、1.0-1.1mm²、1.1-1.2mm²、1.2-1.3mm²、1.4-1.5mm²、1.6-1.7mm²、1.8-1.9mm²、1.9-2.0mm²。

In a possible preferred embodiment, the ozone adsorbing member comprises: mn, Ce and La, and the pore density PPI is 12-20.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the ozone adsorbing member is an aluminum wire or sponge base material containing Ce, La.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the thickness of the ozone adsorbing member is one of the following parameters: 2-3cm, 3-4cm, 4-5cm, 5-6cm, 6-7cm, 7-8cm, 8-9cm and 9-10 cm.

The space disinfection ozone accelerated reduction method provided by the invention can ensure that the ultraviolet lamp is adopted to generate ozone in a disinfection space, nitrogen oxide is not generated, the ozone reduction efficiency is accelerated after ozone disinfection is completed by stably and efficiently reaching the ozone concentration required by ozone disinfection, the ozone reduction time is shortened, the whole ozone disinfection period is further shortened, the corrosivity to articles in the disinfection space is also reduced, part of expensive hydrogen peroxide disinfection scenes can be replaced, the implementation cost of space disinfection is reduced, and the application scenes of ozone disinfection are greatly widened.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the present invention with an air duct structure.

Detailed Description

The following describes in detail embodiments of the present invention. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

(A)

In order to shorten the ozone reduction time, the present inventors conceived of using an ozone adsorbing material to accelerate the ozone reduction, but with the existing ozone adsorbing material, the reduction time is still long. Most experts in the industry recognize that the reduction time can be shortened by adopting the adsorption material for reducing ozone, such as activated carbon containing catalytic materials (such as Mn), honeycomb ceramics and the like, but the reduction time is not remarkably shortened and is unstable through tests.

It can be seen that the components of the existing ozone adsorbing material have certain influence on the ozone reduction speed, but are not the main factors. Therefore, the ozone reduction by using ozone adsorption material or catalytic reduction of ozone adsorption material has no common knowledge or reasoning rules.

The inventor finds that the ozone reduction acceleration effect is not obvious if the structure of the ozone adsorbing material has short flow (leak) or adopts a 1.8mm large round hole through hole structure when the leakage is accidentally blocked in the ozone reduction experiment. When the mesh is too small, such as a round hole with the diameter of 0.5mm, the wind resistance is large, the circulating air quantity is small, and the ozone reduction acceleration effect is not obvious. But the reduction time is significantly shortened when the ozone adsorbing material is uniformly selected with proper meshes.

Therefore, according to the findings of the inventor, referring to fig. 1, in the first aspect of the present invention, a method for accelerating reduction of ozone for space sterilization is provided, so as to improve the ozone reduction efficiency after ozone sterilization in a space, shorten the ozone reduction time, and further shorten the whole period of ozone sterilization.

The space disinfection ozone accelerated reduction method comprises the following steps: an ozone adsorbing member 3 is arranged in the disinfection space 1, the ozone adsorbing member 3 is made of a porous material containing at least one metal element of Mn, Ce and La, and the pore density PPI (Pores Per Linear Inc, average pore number per Inch length) is 10-25; when the concentration of ozone in the current space is preset, the ozone adsorption member 3 is allowed to contact with ozone, and absorbs ozone to perform catalytic reduction.

In order to further accelerate the ozone reduction efficiency, in a preferred embodiment, a fan 2 is further arranged in the disinfection space 1, the fan 2 generates circulating air in the disinfection space 1 to flow through the ozone adsorbing member 3, so that the circulating air can adsorb ozone and perform catalytic reduction, and the ratio of the hourly air volume of the fan 2 to the volume of the disinfection space 1 can be set to be more than 6.

When the inventor selects Mn-loaded polyurethane cotton for verification, the Mn-loaded polyurethane cotton has no obvious through holes, and although the Mn-loaded polyurethane cotton is inferior to Mn-loaded honeycomb ceramic in reduction performance through Mn-loaded quantity and reaction mechanism analysis, the reduction time of ozone is obviously reduced and ozone is relatively stable in practical tests. The inventor is at 30m³The test in the space, repeated authentication, when the air outlet volume of the fan 2 is improved to 600 m³When the ozone is used for per hour, polyurethane cotton containing Mn with the thickness of 5cm and the ozone concentration of 40mg/m are adopted³Reduced to about 0.2mg/m³About 45 minutes is required.

While the Mn-containing honeycomb ceramic material is adopted, the thickness is 5cm, and the ozone content is 40mg/m³Reduced to about 0.2mg/m³About 50 minutes is needed, and it can be seen that the improvement of the invention has a significant improvement effect compared with the ozone adsorbing member 3 of Mn-containing honeycomb ceramic material selected by the common knowledge of the skilled person in the art

For this reason, on the basis of the above experiment, the inventors tried various embodiments, and in a preferred embodiment, wherein the ozone adsorbing member 3 is made of a porous material, the cross-sectional area of the pores thereof is at least one of the following parameters: 0.7-0.8mm²、0.8-0.9mm²、0.9-1.0mm²、1.0-1.1mm²、1.1-1.2mm²、1.2-1.3mm²、1.4-1.5mm²、1.6-1.7mm²、1.8 -1.9mm²、1.9-2.0mm²、2.0-2.1mm²Or 2.2-2.3mm²And the cross section of the hole is at least one of the following: similar experimental results can be achieved when the device is round, quadrilateral, hexagonal, octagonal or triangular.

Wherein in order to ensure the economy between the volume of the ozone adsorbing member 3 and the adsorption performance thereof, in a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the ozone adsorbing member 3 is one of the following parameters: 2-3cm, 3-4cm, 4-5cm, 5-6cm, 6-7cm, 7-8cm, 8-9cm, 9-10cm, because the ozone adsorbing member 3 has a thickness of <2cm, is inefficient in adsorbing and reducing ozone, is long in time, and when the thickness is >10cm, has a large wind resistance, is large in volume, is not economical in practical use, and is inconvenient to install. However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that this embodiment is only for illustrating the alternative implementation means of the preferred embodiment, but the thickness of the ozone adsorbing member 3 is not limited to be present in this range to achieve the effect of accelerating the reduction of ozone, so this embodiment is only for illustrating the economic implementation mode that is optional and recommended in practical use.

In a further preferred embodiment, the ozone adsorbing member 3 in this embodiment simultaneously adopts honeycomb ceramics with a pore density PPI of 12-20, Mn-containing polyurethane cotton, Ce-containing aluminum wire, and Ce-containing sponge substrate to improve the catalytic reduction effect of ozone adsorption.

(II)

Currently in the art, high concentration (e.g., 20 mg/m) is achieved using 253.7nm UV lamps³、40mg/m³) The scheme for rapidly reducing ozone to the safe concentration which can be touched by people has no related application and research at present. Tests of the applicant prove that the natural ozone decay speed is slow, the natural ozone decay speed is influenced by weather, the half life period is about 60-120 minutes and is 40mg/m³Reduced to about 0.2mg/m³About 8h is required. The inventors are at 1m³The small space test is carried out, 253.7nm ultraviolet radiation is adopted to reduce ozone in space, no matter the power of the ultraviolet lamp is 40W, 50W or 75W, the ultraviolet lamp is randomly placed, and 40mg/m can be reduced within 30-40 minutes³The ozone is quickly reduced to about 0.2mg/m³. But at 30m³In space, the reduction time is greatly prolonged, and the power of a single-wavelength ultraviolet lamp such as a 253.7nm ultraviolet lamp (without 185nm ultraviolet rays) is increased to 100W, and still more than 180 minutes is needed.

Even if two 50W single-wavelength ultraviolet lamps are separately arranged, ultraviolet photons can more uniformly radiate ozone molecules, the ozone reduction efficiency can be improved, and the reduction time can be shortened. When the power of the ozone-free ultraviolet lamp is increased to a certain degree, such as 30m³The space used a 120W single wavelength ultraviolet lamp, and by greatly increasing the air convection, the ozone reduction rate began to accelerate. 30m³Power of space non-ozone ultraviolet lampWhen the wind power is 600W, the wind quantity of the fan 2 is 600 m³H, 40mg/m³The ozone is quickly reduced to about 0.2mg/m³Only about 50 minutes is needed, and when the power is continuously increased to 900W, the reduction of the ozone reduction time is not obvious. Therefore, it can be seen that the use of 253.7nm ultraviolet reduction ozone has no common knowledge or reasoning rules.

In order to accelerate the ozone reduction time, the present inventors thought to add an ozone adsorbing material to accelerate the ozone reduction, but the reduction time was still long. Most experts in the industry recognize that the reduction time can be significantly shortened by adopting the adsorption material for reducing ozone, such as activated carbon containing catalytic materials (such as Mn), honeycomb ceramics and the like, but the reduction time is not significantly shortened and is unstable through tests. The components of the existing ozone adsorbing material have certain influence on the ozone reduction speed, but are not the main factors. Therefore, the ozone reduction by using ozone adsorption material or catalytic reduction of ozone adsorption material has no common knowledge or reasoning rules.

The inventor finds that the ozone reduction acceleration effect is not obvious when short flow (leak) exists in the ozone adsorbing material structure or a 1.8mm large round hole through hole structure is adopted when the leakage stoppage is carried out accidentally in the experiment. When the mesh is too small, such as a round hole with the diameter of 0.5mm, the wind resistance is large, the circulating air quantity is small, and the ozone reduction acceleration effect is not obvious. But the reduction time is significantly shortened when selecting an ozone adsorbing material with a uniform mesh size.

Therefore, according to the discovery of the inventor, the second aspect of the invention also provides a space disinfection ozone accelerated reduction method, so as to improve the ozone reduction efficiency after ozone disinfection in the space, shorten the ozone reduction time and further shorten the whole ozone disinfection period.

Referring to fig. 2, the method for accelerating reduction of ozone for space sterilization includes: the second ultraviolet lamp 4 with the wavelength of 253.7nm and the ozone adsorption piece 3 are adopted to reduce ozone, and the specific ozone reduction step comprises the following steps: the ratio of the power of the second ultraviolet lamp 4 to the volume of the current disinfection space 1 is set to be 4-30W/m, wherein the preferred interval is 10-25W/m³(ii) a The ozone adsorption piece 3 is arranged to be at least one gold containing Mn, Ce and LaA porous material of a generic element and having a pore density PPI (Pores Per Linear Inc, average number of Pores Per Inch of length) of 10-25; when the concentration of the ozone in the current space is preset, the second ultraviolet lamp 4 is started to reduce the ozone in the current disinfection space 1 by ultraviolet radiation, and the ozone adsorption piece 3 absorbs the ozone at the same time to perform catalytic reduction.

In a preferred embodiment, the tube current density of the second ultraviolet lamp 4 is one of the following parameters: 0.3-0.4A/cm²、0.4-0.5A/cm²、0.5-0.6A/cm²Or 0.6-0.7A/cm². Wherein the tube current density due to the second ultraviolet lamp 4 is less than 0.3A/cm²In time, the volume of the ultraviolet lamp in the prior art is increased under a certain power condition, and the ultraviolet lamp occupies space. And when the tube current density of the second ultraviolet lamp 4 is more than 0.7A/cm²In the process, the temperature of the tube wall of the lamp tube exceeds 80 ℃, and potential safety hazards are easily caused to objects in the space during disinfection.

In order to further accelerate the reduction speed of ozone, the amount of air flowing through the second ultraviolet lamp 4 and the ozone adsorbing member 3 can be increased to form an accelerated reduction effect, in the present embodiment, the fan 2 is preferably used to provide circulating air in the sterilizing space 1 for increasing the speed of ozone flowing to the first ultraviolet lamp 4 and the ozone adsorbing member 3, and the ratio of the amount of air per hour of the fan 2 to the volume of the sterilizing space 1 is preferably set to be greater than 6. At this time, according to the experiment, the ozone concentration in the space is from 20mg/m³The concentration is reduced to safe concentration which can be contacted by people, and the time required by the device can be shortened by not less than 5 minutes compared with the time required by the device without the fan 2.

In another embodiment, the ratio of the hourly air quantity of the fan 2 to the volume of the disinfection space 1 can be further increased to be more than 12. According to the experiment, the ozone concentration in the space is from 20mg/m³The time required for the concentration to be reduced to safe concentration which can be contacted by people is shortened by not less than 10 minutes compared with the time required for the concentration without the fan 2.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the ozone adsorbing member 3 is made of a porous material, and the cross-sectional area of the pores is at least one of the following parameters: 0.7-0.8mm²、0.8-0.9mm²、0.9-1.0mm²、1.0-1.1mm²、1.1-1.2mm²、1.2-1.3mm²、1.4-1.5mm²、1.6-1.7mm²、1.8 -1.9mm²、1.9-2.0mm²、2.0-2.1mm²Or 2.2-2.3mm²And the cross section of the hole is at least one of the following: circular, quadrilateral, hexagonal, octagonal, triangular. And the Mn, Ce, La elements contained in the ozone adsorbing member 3 may be retained in the porous material in a wetting manner, or may be directly present in the porous material, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

As in other preferred embodiments, the ozone adsorbing member 3 may be selected to be at least one of: mn-containing honeycomb porous material, Mn-containing activated carbon, Mn-containing honeycomb ceramic, Mn-containing honeycomb aluminum, Ce-containing honeycomb porous material, Ce-containing activated carbon, Ce-containing honeycomb ceramic, Ce-containing honeycomb aluminum, Ce-containing polyurethane cotton, and the cross-sectional area of the pores of the ozone adsorbing member 3 is at least one of the following parameters: 0.8-0.9mm²、0.9-1.0mm²、1.0-1.1mm²、1.1-1.2mm²、1.2-1.3mm²、1.4-1.5mm²、1.6-1.7mm²、1.8-1.9mm²、1.9-2.0mm²。

In addition, when the inventor accidentally adopts the polyurethane cotton containing Mn for leaking stoppage, the obtained experimental effect is goodAccording to verification, the Mn-loaded polyurethane cotton has no obvious through holes, and although the Mn-loaded polyurethane cotton is inferior to Mn-loaded honeycomb ceramic in reduction performance through Mn-loaded quantity and reaction mechanism analysis, the ozone reduction time is remarkably reduced and is relatively stable through practical tests. The inventor is at 30m³The test in the space, repeated authentication, when the air outlet volume of the fan 2 is improved to 600 m³When the ozone concentration is lower than 40mg/m, the rear end of the ozone generator is made of Mn-containing polyurethane cotton, the thickness of the polyurethane cotton is 5cm, the pore density PPI is 12-20³Reduced to about 0.2mg/m³About 45 minutes is required.

On the other hand, the inventor also experimented that the Mn-containing honeycomb ceramic material with the thickness of 5cm is adopted, and under the same experimental conditions, the ozone is 40mg/m³Reduced to about 0.2mg/m³It takes about 50 minutes, and it can be seen that the improvement of the present invention has a significant improvement in effect compared to the ozone adsorbing member 3 of the Mn-containing honeycomb ceramic material selected by the conventional knowledge of those skilled in the art.

To further shorten the ozone reduction time, 30m³In the space, the inventor simultaneously adopts the radiation reduction of the second ultraviolet lamp 4 with the parameters, and combines the small and uniform mesh, such as PPI =10-25, Mn-containing ozone adsorbing member 3 (such as Mn-containing honeycomb ceramic) adsorption and catalytic reduction, sets the power of the second ultraviolet lamp 4 to be 600W, and sets the air flow of the fan 2 to be 600 m for the radiation of the current disinfection space 1³H, simultaneously, the air quantity of a fan 2 is enabled to flow through the honeycomb ceramics containing Mn, and the ozone is controlled to be 40mg/m³Reduced to 0.2mg/m³Unexpectedly reduced to about 30 minutes.

And under the same conditions, after the Mn-containing polyurethane adsorbing material is adopted to replace the Mn-containing honeycomb ceramic, the air volume of the fan 2 flows through the Mn-containing polyurethane adsorbing material, and the ozone is 40mg/m³Reduced to 0.2mg/m³Only about 25 minutes are required. Therefore, the overall ozone reduction efficiency is remarkably improved.

It is particularly surprising that, under the experimental conditions, even with increasing initial ozone concentration, the ozone concentration is from 40mg/m³、60mg/m³、90mg/m³Reduced to about 0.2mg/m³All take only about 25 minutes. So that the inventionThe technical scheme not only can allow the adoption of high-concentration ozone for disinfection under specific conditions, improve the one-time sterilization efficiency of bacteria, shorten the disinfection time for achieving the expected disinfection effect, but also can ensure the ozone reduction efficiency, greatly shortens the whole ozone disinfection period, and greatly widens the application scene of ozone disinfection.

In addition, the auxiliary benefit is that no nitrogen oxide is generated in the ozone disinfection, meanwhile, the whole disinfection period is shortened due to the great shortening of the ozone reduction time, the corrosivity to articles in the space is also reduced, part of expensive hydrogen peroxide disinfection scenes can be replaced, and the implementation cost of the space disinfection is reduced.

(III)

Even if two 50W single-wavelength ultraviolet lamps are separately arranged, ultraviolet photons can more uniformly radiate ozone molecules, the ozone reduction efficiency can be improved, and the reduction time can be shortened. When the power of the ozone-free ultraviolet lamp is increased to a certain degree, such as 30m³The space used a 120W single wavelength ultraviolet lamp, and by greatly increasing the air convection, the ozone reduction rate began to accelerate. 30m³Ozone-free ultraviolet for spaceWhen the power of the linear lamp is 600W, the air quantity of the fan 2 is 600 m³H, 40mg/m³The ozone is quickly reduced to about 0.2mg/m³Only about 50 minutes is needed, and when the power is continuously increased to 900W, the reduction of the ozone reduction time is not obvious. Therefore, it can be seen that the use of 253.7nm ultraviolet reduction ozone has no common knowledge or reasoning rules.

The inventor finds that the ozone reduction acceleration effect is not obvious when short flow (leak) exists in the ozone adsorbing material structure or a 1.8mm large round hole through hole structure is adopted when the leakage stoppage is carried out accidentally in the experiment. The ozone reduction acceleration effect is also not significant. When the meshes are too small, such as 0.5mm round holes, the wind resistance is large, and the circulating air volume is small. But the reduction time is significantly shortened when selecting an ozone adsorbing material with a uniform mesh size.

In order to ensure that the ozone is generated by adopting an ultraviolet lamp in the disinfection space 1, and after the ozone disinfection is completed by stably reaching the ozone concentration required by the ozone disinfection, the ozone reduction efficiency after the ozone disinfection in the space is improved, the ozone reduction time is shortened, and the whole period of the ozone disinfection is further shortened.

Referring to fig. 3, in a third aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for accelerating reduction of ozone for space sterilization, which generates ozone by using a first ultraviolet lamp 5 having a wavelength of 185 nm; the second ultraviolet lamp 4 with the wavelength of 253.7nm and the ozone adsorption piece 3 are adopted to reduce the ozone, and the method comprises the following steps: setting the volume ratio of the power of the first ultraviolet lamp 5 to the current disinfection space 1 to be more than 3W/m; setting the volume ratio of the power of the second ultraviolet lamp 4 to the current disinfection space 1 to be 4-30W/m for cultivating; the ozone adsorbing piece 3 is made of porous materials containing Mn, Ce and La, and the pore density PPI is 10-25; when the first ultraviolet lamp 5 generates ozone to reach the preset concentration and lasts for the preset time, the second ultraviolet lamp 4 is started to reduce the ozone in the current disinfection space 1 by ultraviolet radiation, and the ozone adsorption piece 3 absorbs the ozone to carry out catalytic reduction.

Referring to fig. 4, further, the first ultraviolet lamp 5 is disposed in the air duct 6, and the air duct 6 is connected to the current disinfection space 1 to obtain the circulating air, so that when the first ultraviolet lamp 5 generates ozone, hydroxyl radicals are not easily generated, which is beneficial to reducing the corrosion of space articles.

In another preferred embodiment, wherein the tube current density of the first ultraviolet lamp 5 is one of the following parameters: 0.5-0.6A/cm²、0.6-0.7A/cm²、0.7-0.8A/cm²、0.8-0.9A/cm²、0.9-1.0A/cm²、1.0-1.1A/cm²Or 1.1-1.2A/cm². Since the tube current density of the first ultraviolet lamp 5 is less than 0.5-0.6A/cm²In the meantime, the temperature of the tube wall of the lamp tube is too low, which causes the reduction of 185nm radiation efficiency and the volume of the lamp is large; the current density of the tube is higher than 1.2A/cm²At the same time, the 185nm radiation efficiency begins to decrease significantly.

Wherein the first ultraviolet lamp 5 is intermittently operated and turned on/off according to a preset time to maintain the concentration of ozone in the current disinfection space 1 near a preset disinfection concentration (e.g. 20 mg/m)³、40mg/m³）。

Wherein the space disinfection ozone accelerated reduction method can further comprise the following steps: the second ultraviolet lamp 4 works 10-40 minutes after the first ultraviolet lamp 5 works. To reduce the generation of hydroxyl radicals in the sterilization space 1 and to reduce the corrosion of space items.

In a preferred embodiment, the tube current density of the second ultraviolet lamp 4 is one of the following parameters: 0.3-0.4A/cm²、0.4-0.5A/cm²、0.5-0.6A/cm²Or 0.6-0.7A/cm². Due to the fact thatThe tube current density of the two ultraviolet lamps 4 is less than 0.3A/cm²In time, the volume of the ultraviolet lamp in the prior art is increased under a certain power condition, and the ultraviolet lamp occupies space. And when the tube current density of the second ultraviolet lamp 4 is more than 0.7A/cm²In the process, the temperature of the tube wall of the lamp tube exceeds 80 ℃, and potential safety hazards are easily caused to objects in the space during disinfection.

Wherein, in order to further accelerate the ozone disinfection cycle, and the reduction speed of ozone, then can improve the amount of wind that flows through second ultraviolet lamp 4 and ozone adsorption piece 3 and form and accelerate the reduction effect, in this embodiment, preferably adopt fan 2 to provide the circulated air in disinfection space 1, flow direction first ultraviolet lamp 5 and ozone adsorption piece 3, reduce first ultraviolet lamp's pipe wall temperature, improve power density, reduce the volume of lamp, avoid space article to corrode. And the ratio of the hourly air volume of the fan 2 to the volume of the disinfection space 1 is preferably set to > 6. At this time, according to the experiment, the ozone concentration in the space is from 20mg/m³The concentration is reduced to safe concentration which can be contacted by people, and the time required by the device can be shortened by not less than 5 minutes compared with the time required by the device without the fan 2.

Also in a preferred embodiment, when the first ultraviolet lamp 5 produces ozone, the circulating air supplied from the fan 2 does not flow through the ozone adsorbing member 3, and when the second ultraviolet lamp 4 is operated, the circulating air supplied from the fan 2 flows through the ozone adsorbing member 3.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the ozone adsorbing member 3 is made of a porous material, and the cross-sectional area of the pores is at least one of the following parameters: 0.7-0.8mm²、0.8-0.9mm²、0.9-1.0mm²、1.0-1.1mm²、1.1-1.2mm²、1.2-1.3mm²、1.4-1.5mm²、1.6-1.7mm²、1.8 -1.9mm²、1.9-2.0mm²、2.0-2.1mm²Or 2.2-2.3mm²And is provided withThe cross section of the hole is at least one of the following: circular, quadrilateral, hexagonal, octagonal, triangular. And the Mn element contained in the ozone adsorbing member 3 may be retained in the porous material in a wetting manner or may be directly present in the porous material, which is not limited in the present invention.

As in other preferred embodiments, the ozone adsorbing member 3 may be selected to be at least one of: the ozone adsorption piece is characterized by comprising a Mn-containing honeycomb porous material, Mn-containing activated carbon, Mn-containing honeycomb ceramic and Mn-containing honeycomb aluminum, wherein the pore cross-sectional area of the ozone adsorption piece 3 is at least one of the following parameters: 0.8-0.9mm²、0.9-1.0mm²、1.0-1.1mm²、1.1-1.2mm²、1.2-1.3mm²、1.4-1.5mm²、1.6-1.7mm²、1.8-1.9mm²、1.9-2.0mm²。

Wherein in order to ensure the economy between the volume of the ozone adsorbing member 3 and the adsorption performance thereof, in a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the ozone adsorbing member 3 is one of the following parameters: 2-3cm, 3-4cm, 4-5cm, 5-6cm, 6-7cm, 7-8cm, 8-9cm, 9-10cm, because the ozone adsorbing member 3 has a thickness of <2cm, is inefficient in adsorbing and reducing ozone, is long in time, and when the thickness is >10cm, is large in volume, is not economical in practical use, and is inconvenient to install. However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that this embodiment is only for illustrating the alternative implementation means of the preferred embodiment, but the thickness of the ozone adsorbing member 3 is not limited to be present in this range to achieve the effect of accelerating the reduction of ozone, so this embodiment is only for illustrating the economic implementation mode that is optional and recommended in practical use.

In addition, when the inventor accidentally adopts Mn-containing polyurethane cotton for plugging, the obtained experimental effect is good, according to verification, the Mn-loaded polyurethane cotton has no obvious through holes, although the Mn-loaded polyurethane cotton is inferior to Mn-loaded honeycomb ceramic in reduction performance through Mn-loaded quantity and reaction mechanism analysis, actual tests show that the ozone reduction time is obviously reduced and is relatively stable. The inventor is at 30m³The test in the space, repeated authentication, when the air outlet volume of the fan 2 is improved to 600 m³At/h, afterThe end adopts Mn-containing polyurethane cotton, the thickness is 5cm, and when the pore density PPI is 12-20, the ozone content is 40mg/m³Reduced to about 0.2mg/m³About 45 minutes is required.

It is particularly surprising that, under the experimental conditions, even with increasing initial ozone concentration, the ozone concentration is from 40mg/m³、60mg/m³、90mg/m³Reduced to about 0.2mg/m³All take only about 25 minutes. Under specific conditions, the technical scheme of the invention not only can allow high-concentration ozone to be adopted for disinfection, improve the one-time sterilization efficiency of bacteria, shorten the disinfection time for achieving the expected disinfection effect, but also can ensure the ozone reduction efficiency, greatly shorten the whole ozone disinfection period and greatly widen the application scene of ozone disinfection.

Example 1

At 30m³In the space, the power of the second ultraviolet lamp 4 is 600W, and the ratio of the power of the second ultraviolet lamp 4 to the volume of the space is 20W/m ³2 air volume of the fan is 600 m³H, circulating air in the channel flows through the honeycomb ceramics containing Mn, and ozone is 40mg/m³And the concentration is lowered to a safe concentration accessible to humans, and the time required is about 32 minutes.

Example 2

At 30m³In the space, the power of the first ultraviolet lamp 5 is 600W, and the ratio of the power of the first ultraviolet lamp 5 to the volume of the space is 20W/m³The power of the second ultraviolet lamp 4 is 600W, and the ratio of the power of the second ultraviolet lamp 4 to the space volume is 20W/m ³2 air volume of the fan is 600 m³And/h, circulating air flows through the Mn-containing polyurethane cotton. Ozone is 40mg/m³And the concentration is lowered to a safe concentration accessible to humans, and the time required is about 25 minutes. The ozone concentration is 40mg/m³Time 60 minutes, down to a safe concentration for human contact, the required disinfection cycle is about 100 minutes. The ozone concentration is 20mg/m³The 30 minute disinfection standard, down to a safe concentration for human contact, the required disinfection cycle takes only about 60 minutes.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the protection scope of the invention.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, in addition to implementing the system, apparatus and various modules thereof provided by the present invention in the form of pure computer readable program code, the same procedures may be implemented entirely by logically programming method steps such that the system, apparatus and various modules thereof provided by the present invention are implemented in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system, the device and the modules thereof provided by the present invention can be considered as a hardware component, and the modules included in the system, the device and the modules thereof for implementing various programs can also be considered as structures in the hardware component; modules for performing various functions may also be considered to be both software programs for performing the methods and structures within hardware components.

In addition, all or part of the steps of the method according to the above embodiments may be implemented by a program instructing related hardware, where the program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a single chip, a chip, or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

In addition, any combination of various different implementation manners of the embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the embodiments of the present invention should be considered as disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention as long as the combination does not depart from the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ozone accelerated reduction method for space disinfection adopts an ozone adsorption element to absorb ozone for catalytic reduction, and comprises the following steps:

the ozone adsorption piece is made of a porous material containing at least one metal element of Mn, Ce and La, and the pore density PPI is 10-25; when the ozone in the current disinfection space reaches the preset concentration, the ozone adsorption piece is allowed to contact the ozone and absorb the ozone for catalytic reduction.

2. The accelerated ozone reduction method for disinfecting a space according to claim 1, wherein the ozone adsorbing member is Mn-containing polyurethane cotton.

3. The accelerated ozone reduction method for disinfecting a space according to claim 1, wherein the ozone adsorbing member is at least one of an aluminum wire containing Ce and La or a sponge base material.

4. The accelerated ozone reduction method for sterilizing space according to claim 1, wherein a fan is used to supply circulating air in the current sterilizing space to the ozone adsorbing member, and the ratio of the hourly air volume of the fan to the volume of the sterilizing space is set to be greater than 6.

5. A space disinfection ozone accelerated reduction method adopts a second ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 253.7nm and an ozone adsorption piece to reduce ozone, and comprises the following steps:

setting the ratio of the power of the second ultraviolet lamp to the current disinfection space volume to be 4-30W/m;

arranging an ozone adsorption piece as a porous material;

when the current ozone in the disinfection space reaches the preset concentration, the second ultraviolet lamp is started to reduce the current ozone in the disinfection space through ultraviolet radiation, and the ozone adsorption piece absorbs the ozone to reduce the current ozone.

6. The accelerated ozone reduction method for sterilizing space of claim 5, wherein the first ultraviolet lamp and the ozone adsorbing member are supplied with circulating air by a fan, and the ratio of the air volume per hour of the fan to the volume of the sterilizing space is set to be more than 6.

7. A space disinfection ozone accelerated reduction method adopts a first ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 185nm to generate ozone; reducing ozone by using a second ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of 253.7nm and an ozone adsorbing member, comprising the following steps of:

setting the ratio of the power of the first ultraviolet lamp to the current disinfection space volume to be more than 3W/m for cultivating;

arranging an ozone adsorption piece as a porous material;

when the first ultraviolet lamp generates ozone in the disinfection space to the preset concentration and lasts for the preset time, the second ultraviolet lamp is started to reduce the current ozone in the disinfection space by ultraviolet radiation, and the ozone adsorption piece absorbs the ozone to reduce the current ozone.

8. The accelerated ozone reduction method for disinfecting space of claim 7, wherein the first ultraviolet lamp and the ozone adsorbing member are disposed in an air duct, and the air duct is connected to the current disinfecting space to obtain the circulating air.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein the first ultraviolet lamp has a tube current density of one of the following parameters: 0.5-0.6A/cm²、0.6-0.7A/cm²、0.7-0.8A/cm²、0.8-0.9A/cm²、0.9-1.0A/cm²、1.0-1.1A/cm²Or 1.1-1.2A/cm²。

10. The accelerated space-disinfecting ozone-reducing method of claim 7, wherein the ratio of the power of the second ultraviolet lamp to the current volume of the disinfected space is 8-25W/m³。

11. The method of claim 7 wherein the tube current density of the second ultraviolet lamp is one of the following parameters: 0.3-0.4A/cm²、0.4-0.5A/cm²、0.5-0.6A/cm²Or 0.6-0.7A/cm²。

12. The method for accelerating reduction of ozone for disinfection of space of claim 7, wherein the steps further comprise: the second ultraviolet lamp works 10-40 minutes after the first ultraviolet lamp works.

13. The accelerated ozone reduction method for sterilizing space of claim 7, wherein the first ultraviolet lamp and the ozone adsorbing member are supplied with circulating air by a fan, and the ratio of the air volume per hour of the fan to the volume of the sterilizing space is set to be more than 6.

14. The accelerated ozone reduction method for sterilizing space of claim 7, wherein the first ultraviolet lamp and the ozone adsorbing member are supplied with circulating air by a fan, and the ratio of the air volume per hour of the fan to the volume of the sterilizing space is set to be more than 12.

15. The ozone-assisted reduction method for disinfecting spaces according to claim 13, wherein the circulating air supplied from the blower does not flow through the ozone adsorbing member when the first ultraviolet lamp is generating ozone, and the circulating air supplied from the blower flows through the ozone adsorbing member when the second ultraviolet lamp is operating.

16. The ozone-assisted reduction method for disinfecting space according to claim 7, wherein the ozone-adsorbing member is made of a porous material containing at least one metal element selected from Mn, Ce and La, and the cross-sectional area of the pores is at least one of the following parameters: 0.7-0.8mm²、0.8-0.9mm²、0.9-1.0mm²、1.0-1.1mm²、1.1-1.2mm²、1.2-1.3mm²、1.4-1.5mm²、1.6-1.7mm²、1.8 -1.9mm²、1.9-2.0mm²、2.0-2.1mm²Or 2.2-2.3mm²And the cross section of the hole is at least one of the following: circular, quadrilateral, hexagonal, octagonal, triangular.

17. The accelerated ozone reduction method for disinfecting a space of claim 7, wherein the ozone adsorbing member is at least one of the following: mn-containing cellular porous material, Mn-containing activated carbon, honeycomb-shaped porous material containing MnMn honeycomb ceramic, Mn-containing honeycomb aluminum, Mn-containing polyurethane cotton, Ce-containing honeycomb porous material, Ce-containing activated carbon, Ce-containing honeycomb ceramic, Ce-containing honeycomb aluminum and Ce-containing polyurethane cotton, and the pore cross-sectional area of the ozone adsorbing member is at least one of the following parameters: 0.8-0.9mm²、0.9-1.0mm²、1.0-1.1mm²、1.1-1.2mm²、1.2-1.3mm²、1.4-1.5mm²、1.6-1.7mm²、1.8-1.9mm²、1.9-2.0mm²。

18. The accelerated ozone reduction method for disinfecting space according to claim 7, wherein the ozone adsorbing member is a porous material containing at least one metal element selected from Mn, Ce and La, and has a pore density PPI of 12-20.

19. The accelerated ozone reduction method for disinfecting a space according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the ozone adsorbing member is one of the following parameters: 2-3cm, 3-4cm, 4-5cm, 5-6cm, 6-7cm, 7-8cm, 8-9cm and 9-10 cm.