CN111510050A - Device and method for utilizing full solar energy spectrum by cooperatively optimizing spectrum and light intensity - Google Patents
Device and method for utilizing full solar energy spectrum by cooperatively optimizing spectrum and light intensity Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
A solar full-spectrum complementary utilization device with cooperatively optimized spectrum and light intensity comprises: the light-gathering component is used for gathering sunlight; the frequency dividing assembly is positioned on a light condensing circuit of the light condensing assembly and divides an incident light source into a first light beam for efficient utilization of the photovoltaic cell and a second light beam for optional utilization; the reactor is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, is used for receiving the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and is also used as a place for preparing reaction products; and the photovoltaic cell is positioned at or near the focal point of the optical path of the first light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and is used for receiving the first light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and generating and utilizing the first light beam. The invention converts the first light beam into electric energy through the photovoltaic cell, and converts the rest second light beam into heat energy or energy in other forms through the reactor according to the reaction type, thereby realizing full spectrum utilization and cascade utilization of solar energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy utilization, in particular to a device and a method for preparing a chemical product by solar full-spectrum complementation with collaborative optimization of spectrum and light intensity.
Background
In order to cope with environmental problems and energy crisis, solar energy is receiving more and more attention as a renewable green energy source with a huge total amount. The solar energy utilization technology with application prospect mainly comprises photovoltaic technology and photo-thermal technology.
The solar photovoltaic utilization technology is to generate electric energy through the photovoltaic effect of a solar photovoltaic cell, and has the advantage that part of sunlight can be directly converted into high-quality electric energy. However, due to the limitation of the forbidden bandwidth of the semiconductor material, as shown in fig. 10, the sunlight that can be utilized by the photovoltaic cell is mainly concentrated in the visible light and near infrared range (for example, the monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell can utilize the sunlight in the range of 300-1100 nm), which means that most of the solar energy is not utilized, but is converted into residual heat. Theoretically, the limit of solar power generation efficiency of a single-junction photovoltaic cell is 31%; currently, the efficiency of single crystal silicon photovoltaic cells in the laboratory is 26.1%. In addition, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is continuously reduced with the increase of the operating temperature. Taking a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell as an example, the power generation efficiency is reduced by about 3% when the operating temperature is increased by 1 ℃. In actual operation, the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is further reduced under the influence of factors such as increased operation temperature, circuit resistance and dust.
The solar photo-thermal utilization technology is used for converting sunlight into heat energy and utilizing the heat energy, and has the greatest advantages of higher solar heat utilization efficiency and low technical cost, and the technologies of solar hot water, solar air heat collection and the like are widely applied. Since the photothermal conversion process can approximately utilize the full spectrum of sunlight, the solar photothermal technology does not face the problem that the full spectrum of solar energy cannot be utilized. However, the grade of solar energy is high, namely 0.93, while the temperature of the solar energy is about 400 ℃ (the point focusing can be at 800 ℃), and the grade of the heat energy is only 0.55, so that the irreversible loss is serious in the solar energy photo-thermal conversion process, and a large amount of usable energy is wasted in the process. Solar thermal power generation technology develops rapidly in recent years, but various energy losses also exist in the subsequent conversion process from heat energy to electric energy, and the system of the solar thermal power generation has high cost, poor reliability and high complexity, so that the solar thermal power generation technology is still difficult to popularize on a large scale.
Aiming at the inevitable defects of the independent photovoltaic power generation technology and the independent photo-thermal utilization technology, the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal comprehensive utilization technology is rapidly developed in recent years. According to the technology, a part of solar energy is converted into electric energy through the photovoltaic cell, and the rest of solar energy is converted into heat energy through the photovoltaic cell (or through the photo-thermal utilization device), so that the aim-at and cascade utilization of the solar energy can be realized. According to whether a frequency division process exists or not, the technology can be divided into a solar photovoltaic waste heat utilization technology and a solar frequency division photovoltaic photo-thermal utilization technology.
In the solar photovoltaic waste heat utilization technology, sunlight is firstly converted into electric energy and heat energy through a photovoltaic cell, the electric energy is directly output outwards, and the heat energy is recycled through a waste heat utilization device and then is used in the subsequent process. In the technology, the temperature of the recovered heat energy cannot be higher than the operating temperature of the photovoltaic cell, but the temperature of the photovoltaic cell is limited by the principle that the temperature of the photovoltaic cell cannot be too high (generally lower than 100 ℃ for silicon-based photovoltaics and generally lower than 200 ℃ for gallium arsenide photovoltaic cells) and the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is continuously reduced along with the increase of the operating temperature, so that the recovered heat energy belongs to low-grade heat energy, the utilization value of the recovered heat energy is low, and the income obtained by recovering the heat energy can be partially offset by the reduction of the photovoltaic cell efficiency.
In the solar energy frequency division photovoltaic photo-thermal utilization technology, a frequency division assembly divides sunlight into two parts, one part is suitable for a photovoltaic cell to be projected to the photovoltaic cell and is partially converted into electric energy, and the other part is converted into heat energy through a photo-thermal utilization device. In the technology, the spectrum suitable for photovoltaic utilization is converted into electric energy and waste heat by the photovoltaic cell, so that the cascade utilization of the partial solar spectrum is realized; the rest part of solar spectrum is utilized by the photo-thermal utilization device, the temperature of the solar spectrum is not limited by the photovoltaic cell any more, and the high-grade solar energy is prevented from being directly converted into low-grade photovoltaic waste heat. However, the existing solar energy frequency division photovoltaic photo-thermal utilization technology only divides the long wave which cannot be utilized by the photovoltaic cell into the photo-thermal utilization part, and does not pay attention to the short wave sunlight which cannot be utilized by the photovoltaic cell efficiently. Taking a silicon photovoltaic cell as an example, although it can utilize sunlight with a wavelength band of 300-1100nm, it is limited by the principle of photovoltaic effect, as shown in fig. 9, and its utilization efficiency is low for sunlight with a shorter wavelength; in the existing solar energy frequency division photovoltaic photo-thermal utilization technology, only sunlight with a wavelength of more than 1100nm is frequency-divided to a photo-thermal utilization part, but sunlight with a shorter wavelength (such as less than 300nm) which cannot be efficiently utilized by a photovoltaic cell is not frequency-divided to the photo-thermal utilization part. In addition, if the photovoltaic cell is too large from the direct solar angle, there will be a significant cosine loss; moreover, the solar energy used for photo-thermal utilization after frequency division is reduced when reaching the photo-thermal utilization device, and the heat collection device can perform full-spectrum radiation heat dissipation outwards due to self high temperature, so that the solar energy reaching the photo-thermal utilization device is mostly lost through radiation heat dissipation, and further the photo-thermal efficiency is further reduced, so that under certain weather conditions, such as cloudy weather, the photo-thermal efficiency is reduced due to weak illumination of the sunlight after condensation and frequency division.
Whether the solar energy is used alone or comprehensively, the solar energy is not stable because of the discontinuity and instability of the solar energy. This makes the solar energy generated by the system unable to meet the user's needs if supplied directly to the user; if the power grid is connected, impact is caused to the power grid, and the operation cost of the power grid is increased. Energy storage is the key to solving this problem. If the solar energy is stored as fuel chemical energy (such as hydrogen energy, methanol fuel and the like), the defects of instability and discontinuity of the solar energy can be overcome, and secondary distribution of the solar energy in time and space can be further realized by virtue of the advantages of stable fuel property and convenience in transportation.
The conversion process from solar energy to chemical energy has various modes, one is to directly prepare chemical fuel, such as hydrogen; in another mode, the method is carried out in multiple steps, namely, chemical products serving as intermediate products are prepared by utilizing solar energy, and then the obtained chemical products are sent to a chemical plant for post-processing to obtain the fuel.
At present, a plurality of methods for converting solar energy into chemical energy are available, taking water as a raw material to prepare hydrogen, and the implementation processes of the methods can be roughly divided into ① solar photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen preparation ② solar photo-thermal water pyrolysis hydrogen preparation (which is possible theoretically only) ③ solar photo-thermal chemical cycle water decomposition hydrogen preparation ④ photocatalytic hydrogen preparation ⑤ photo-electrolysis hydrogen preparation and the like.
The solar photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production has the advantages of mature technology, simple equipment, no pollution, high purity of the obtained hydrogen, low impurity content, suitability for various occasions, large energy consumption, high hydrogen production cost of certain electrolytic cell (such as proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell) technologies and general need of noble metal catalysts. When the source of electric energy is not considered, the efficiency of the water electrolysis technology can reach 90%, but the energy utilization efficiency of solar photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production is less than 30% in practice in consideration of the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic cell. The electric energy generated by solar photovoltaic is used as the energy source of the electrolyzed water, the problem of large energy consumption of the traditional energy source for coal burning and electricity utilization of a power plant is solved to a certain extent, but certain energy loss is caused when the solar energy is converted into the electric energy, and in addition, the method cannot utilize the full spectrum of the solar energy, and most of the solar energy is converted into low-temperature heat energy, so that the solar energy utilization efficiency of the solar photovoltaic water electrolysis method is low. Moreover, the problem of high electrolysis cost is not solved because some electrolytic cells need noble metal catalysts for low-temperature electrolysis.
Solar high-temperature pyrolysis water hydrogen production is only a theoretical method. The principle is that solar energy is utilized to heat water to a certain high temperature, the water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen, and finally pure hydrogen is prepared through separation. This is a strong endothermic reaction, with the gibbs free energy of reaction falling to zero when the reaction temperature is raised to 4700K. The equilibrium conversion rate is extremely low at normal temperature, and when the temperature is higher than 2500K, the decomposition rate is only 4%, and the actual application is possible only when the temperature is more than 3000K. The direct pyrolysis practicability of water is not strong in consideration of the problems that a high-temperature heat source is difficult to match, the requirement on the applicable material of the reactor is strict, explosion hidden danger exists in hydrogen-oxygen mixing and the like.
The solar energy photo-thermal chemical cycle is utilized to decompose water to produce hydrogen, the photo-thermal conversion process can approximately utilize full spectrum solar energy, the solar energy utilization efficiency is high, but the hydrogen production efficiency is low, the reaction temperature of the method is generally as high as 1500 ℃, the technical difficulty is high, the reaction needs frequent temperature rise and drop, heat shock is formed, and irreversible loss is large.
In addition to converting solar energy into electrical energy or heat energy for the production of hydrogen, there are several ways, including photocatalytic technology, photoelectrocatalysis technology, etc.
The photocatalytic hydrogen production technology is that in a particle photocatalytic system, photocatalyst powder is dispersed in water, and valence band electrons of a catalyst are radiated and transferred to a conduction band under the radiation of sunlight. When the conduction band of the catalyst is negative to the hydrogen evolution reduction potential of water, the excited photo-generated electrons can generate reduction reaction at the corresponding catalytic active sites, and then hydrogen is generated. Sunlight is often divided into three regions, ultraviolet light, infrared light, and visible light. Theoretically, sunlight below 1000nm can catalyze and decompose water, but actually, the energy of infrared light above 700nm is too low to excite electrons on a valence band in a catalytic system to a conduction band, so that electron-hole pairs cannot be stably generated, and therefore, sunlight with a short wave band is often needed in the photocatalytic system. Meanwhile, due to the filtering effect of the atmosphere on sunlight, the energy of ultraviolet light reaching the ground actually only accounts for 5% of the total energy of the sunlight reaching the ground, and even if all the ultraviolet light is utilized, the utilization rate of the sunlight is low. Thus, the attention of photocatalytic hydrogen production is mainly focused on the visible light region of 400-700 nm. The band of solar energy required for such methods is still relatively limited. In addition, photocatalytic hydrogen production has higher requirements on the light absorption performance of materials, the migration and separation rate of photon-generated carriers and the number of active sites of a system, so that the solar energy is directly utilized for irradiation, and the utilization efficiency of the solar energy is lower.
The photoelectrocatalysis technology is that on the basis of the photoelectrocatalysis technology, a powdery catalyst is made into an electrode, and then the electrode is electrified by an external power supply. The technology utilizes the full spectrum of solar energy and provides energy for the reaction through external voltage, so that the generation of the reaction is promoted, and the technology for realizing the comprehensive utilization of solar photovoltaic photo-heat to prepare hydrogen also currently utilizes the frequency division of sunlight, but the technology actually uses the photovoltaic and photo-heat in different occasions, for example, the electric energy generated by a photovoltaic cell is independently used for preparing hydrogen by electrolyzing water, and the photo-heat part is used for supplying heat for users; or the photovoltaic part is integrated into a power grid for power generation, the photothermal part is separately used for photo-thermal-thermochemical cyclic decomposition water hydrogen production, it needs to be noted that the energy flux density of the light beam used for the photothermal part after frequency division is reduced, so that the heat collection capability of the solar energy is reduced or the heat collection efficiency at high temperature is reduced when the light beam is separately used for thermochemical reaction, thereby causing low solar energy utilization efficiency of the long-wave band after frequency division, and if the light beam of the long-wave part is separately used for the photocatalytic reaction, the photon energy is low because the light beam is mainly long-wave, and is not enough to excite electrons of a valence band to a conduction band, thereby also causing low solar energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, the current technology does not realize solar photovoltaic photo-thermal complementary hydrogen production in a practical sense, namely, solar energy is completely used for preparing chemical fuel. In addition, if various energies converted from solar energy are simultaneously applied to the reaction for preparing chemical products, attention should be paid to various energy distribution ratios on one side of the solar energy, and the various energy distribution ratios should be well coupled with various energy distribution relations required in the reaction process for preparing chemical products, so as to avoid the problem of low solar energy utilization efficiency caused by mismatching of the energy distribution relations on the two sides.
The above is an example of the prior art for hydrogen production by water splitting, and is different from the above-mentioned example in the conversion process of solar energy to other chemical products.
In the process of implementing the present invention, the applicant finds that the above prior art has the following technical defects: in the utilization form of solar energy:
1. the single solar energy utilization mode has the problems of low efficiency and high cost. The solar photovoltaic power generation technology cannot utilize the full solar spectrum, the power generation efficiency is below 20 percent, and more than 80 percent of solar energy is converted into low-temperature heat energy and is wasted in the environment; in the solar photo-thermal technology, the level difference between solar energy and heat energy in the photo-thermal conversion process is large, and the radiation heat dissipation loss is large, so that a large amount of available energy in the solar energy is wasted, if the heat energy is further converted into electric energy, a part of available energy is wasted in the process, and finally the solar photo-thermal power generation efficiency is generally below 15%;
2. in the solar photovoltaic waste heat utilization technology, solar spectrum which cannot be converted into electric energy through a photovoltaic cell is projected to the surface of the photovoltaic cell and is converted into low-grade heat energy, most of available energy in the solar energy is wasted, the utilization value of the low-grade heat energy is not large, and the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is reduced due to temperature rise.
3. The existing solar energy frequency division photovoltaic photo-thermal utilization technology only divides the long wave which cannot be utilized by the photovoltaic cell into a photo-thermal utilization part, and does not pay attention to the short wave sunlight which cannot be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell.
4. When the sunlight after being condensed (frequency-divided) reaches the surface of the photovoltaic cell, if the surface of the cell is located at the focus, the photovoltaic cell may be damaged due to over-strong illumination.
5. The sunlight energy used for the photothermal utilization after frequency division is reduced when reaching the photothermal utilization device, and the reactor (heat collection device) can perform full-spectrum radiation heat dissipation due to self high temperature, so that the sunlight energy reaching the reactor (heat collection device) is mostly lost through radiation heat dissipation, and the photothermal efficiency is further reduced, so that the photothermal efficiency is reduced due to the fact that the sunlight after the condensation and frequency division is not strong in light under certain weather conditions such as cloudy weather.
6. Whether the solar energy is used alone or comprehensively, the solar energy is discontinuous and unstable due to the influence of the sunlight irradiation condition. If the solar energy is incorporated into a power grid for power generation, the position of the system is restricted, and impact to the power grid to a certain extent is caused; if the system is not incorporated into a power grid, the system also needs to make power not purchased from the power grid.
In the field of the technology for producing reaction products (fuels or other products) from solar energy:
7. solar energy is converted into fuel or other products (such as solar photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production) only by using a solar photovoltaic electrochemical technology, the full spectrum of the solar energy cannot be used, more than 80 percent of the solar energy is converted into low-temperature heat energy, the energy conversion efficiency is below 20 percent, and electrochemical reaction (such as water electrolysis hydrogen production) is carried out under the low-temperature condition, high potential barrier needs to be overcome, and a noble metal catalyst is needed;
8. only solar photo-thermal chemical technology is utilized to convert solar energy into fuel or other products (such as solar photo-thermal chemical cyclic water decomposition hydrogen production), high reaction temperature is needed, the technical difficulty is high, frequent temperature rise and drop are needed in the reaction, heat shock is formed, irreversible loss is large, and energy conversion efficiency is low;
9. in the preparation of certain fuels or other products, the mere use of photothermal-pyrolysis technology is only a theoretical possibility and practical applications are limited by the reactor materials and high temperatures.
10. The method only uses the photocatalysis technology, and is limited by the wavelength of the required sunlight, long-wave light cannot be well utilized, and the method lacks an effective light absorber, and the utilization efficiency of the solar energy is low when the sunlight is directly used for irradiation. By using the photoelectrocatalysis technology, external electric energy is used, and the conversion from solar energy to chemical energy in chemical products is not realized strictly.
11. The photovoltaic-photothermal utilization technology realized by the frequency division technology at present uses photovoltaic and photothermal in different occasions, for example, the photovoltaic part independently electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen, and the photothermal part is used for supplying heat to users; or the photovoltaic part is connected with the power grid, and the hydrogen is produced by only utilizing the photothermal part to separate thermochemical cycle decomposition of water. In addition, the current frequency division technology focuses on the utilization of short wave, that is, solar energy for photovoltaic power generation, and the current frequency division technology is not focused on the utilization of long wave. The energy flow density of the long-wave light beam used for the photo-thermal part after frequency division is reduced, so that the solar energy collection capacity of the light beam part is reduced when the light beam part is independently used for a thermochemical reaction or the heat collection efficiency is reduced at high temperature, and therefore the solar energy utilization efficiency of the long-wave band after frequency division is low.
12. At present, a system for preparing fuel or other products by solar energy complementation by utilizing a frequency division technology does not realize the storage of all solar energy, the electric energy and the heat energy supplied by the system to the outside are still unstable, and the system depends on the operation of surrounding heat users and a power grid, so that the popularization range of the technology is greatly limited.
13. The existing frequency division solar energy utilization technology does not consider the complementation of electric energy, high-temperature heat energy, photovoltaic waste heat or other forms of energy generated by full-spectrum solar energy in grade, and does not consider the different functions of several types of energy in the process of preparing chemical products, so that the existing frequency division solar energy utilization technology has the problems of unmatched grade and energy in the energy utilization process, and the phenomenon of low energy utilization efficiency of the frequency division solar energy utilization technology is fundamentally caused.
14. In the traditional solar energy frequency division technology, the realization of spectral frequency division and energy distribution are coupled together, and the two are often contradictory, namely, in the process of preparing chemical products by converting solar energy into multiple energy complementation, various energy ratios distributed by the solar energy and optimal various energy ratios required by the process of preparing chemical fuels can have the situation of mismatching. The mismatching of the energy on the two sides can cause energy loss in the process of converting the solar energy into the chemical energy, and the utilization efficiency of the solar energy is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the main objective of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for preparing chemical products by solar full spectrum complementation with spectrum and light intensity collaborative optimization, so as to at least partially solve at least one of the above technical problems.
In order to achieve the above object, as an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solar full spectrum complementary utilization apparatus with cooperatively optimized spectrum and light intensity, including:
the light-gathering component is used for gathering sunlight;
the frequency dividing assembly is positioned on a light condensing line of the light condensing assembly and divides an incident light source into a first light beam for the efficient utilization of the photovoltaic cell and a second light beam which is utilized according to conditions, wherein the second light beam comprises a long-wave light part and a part which cannot be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell in the short-wave light, so that the utilization efficiency of the short-wave sunlight is improved, and the full spectrum utilization of solar energy is realized;
the reactor is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, is used for receiving the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and is also used as a place for preparing reaction products;
the photovoltaic cell is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the first light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and is used for receiving the first light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and generating and utilizing the first light beam;
the electric energy converted by the photovoltaic cell is also transmitted into the reactor, and participates in the preparation of reaction products together with high-temperature heat energy or other forms of energy converted by the second light beam in the reactor.
The positions of the light-gathering component and the frequency dividing component can be exchanged; and selecting whether the light-gathering component focuses the sunlight or not, and modifying according to the actual situation to protect the photovoltaic cell from being damaged due to over-strong sunlight.
Wherein, a light-gathering component is added near the reactor, and the gathered light is totally used for the reactor;
preferably, the photovoltaic cell is varied in a 1: 1 relationship to the reactor, i.e., multiple photovoltaic cells are utilized complementary to one reactor.
As another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solar full spectrum complementary utilization apparatus for spectrum and light intensity collaborative optimization with adjustable energy distribution ratio, including:
the light-gathering component is used for gathering sunlight;
the frequency dividing assembly is positioned on a light condensing line of the light condensing assembly and divides an incident light source into a first light beam for the efficient utilization of the photovoltaic cell and a second light beam which is utilized according to conditions, wherein the second light beam comprises a long-wave light part and a part which cannot be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell in the short-wave light, so that the utilization efficiency of the short-wave sunlight is improved, and the full spectrum utilization of solar energy is realized;
the reactor is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, is used for receiving the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and is also used as a place for preparing reaction products;
the reflecting mirror is used for reflecting the first light beam for photovoltaic utilization;
the photovoltaic cell is positioned on the reflection light path of the reflection lens and is used for receiving the first light beam which is separated by the frequency dividing assembly and can be used for the photovoltaic cell to generate power;
the electric energy converted by the photovoltaic cell is also transmitted into the reactor, and participates in the preparation of reaction products together with high-temperature heat energy or other forms of energy converted by the second light beam in the reactor;
preferably, the device realizes the adjustable effect of various energy proportions converted from solar energy by adjusting the proportioning relationship between the frequency-divided light beams and the light beams which are not subjected to frequency division, realizes the matching of various energy proportion relationships distributed by the solar energy and the optimal energy proportion relationship required by the process of preparing chemical products, and improves the utilization efficiency of the solar energy.
The light-gathering component is a transmission type light-gathering component or a reflection type light-gathering component;
preferably, the light-gathering component comprises a Fresnel type solar light-gathering component, a groove type light-gathering component, a tower type light-gathering component and a disc type light-gathering component;
preferably, the reactors include various electrolytic cells, thermochemical cycle decomposition reactors, photocatalytic reactors and other reactors suitable for the present patent.
The reactor is externally coated with a selective spectrum suppression structure, and the selective spectrum suppression structure is used for reducing the emission or transmission of the reactor to a radiation spectrum so as to increase the utilization of the second beam solar energy and reduce the loss of the reactor to external radiation.
The angle and the position of the photovoltaic cell are adjustable, and the photovoltaic cell is used for tracking sunlight and keeping the surface of the photovoltaic cell to be always opposite to the sun, so that cosine loss is avoided; under favorable weather conditions, the photovoltaic cell can be selectively placed before or after a light condensation focus according to the illumination intensity after light condensation, so that the photovoltaic cell is prevented from being damaged due to over-strong illumination;
preferably, the frequency dividing device can be removed under adverse weather conditions, so that all the solar energy collected by the light collecting device is collected to the photovoltaic cell, and the purpose of power generation is achieved. An apparatus for photovoltaic-photothermal complementary hydrogen production comprising the solar full spectrum complementary utilization apparatus with spectrum and light intensity cooperatively optimized as described above, further comprising:
the first heat exchanger is used for carrying out heat exchange on cold water entering the system and the prepared high-temperature gas to achieve the purpose of primary heating;
the second heat exchanger is used for further heating the water vapor from the heat exchange pipeline by using the prepared high-temperature gas so as to change the water vapor into high-temperature water vapor to enter the reactor;
the separation component is used for separating hydrogen from the prepared high-temperature gas subjected to twice heat exchange;
a storage assembly for storing the produced hydrogen gas;
preferably, the device can also realize the complementation of electric energy and other forms of energy to prepare other chemical products, the generated reaction comprises one or more of high-temperature electrolysis reaction, thermochemical cycle reaction assisted by electric energy, photocatalytic reaction and photoelectrocatalysis reaction, and the prepared reaction products comprise one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methanol, formic acid, methane, dimethyl ether, ethanol, ethylene and other various alkanes, cycloalkanes, olefins and aromatics.
The solar full-spectrum comprehensive utilization device comprising the spectrum and light intensity collaborative optimization further comprises:
the fuel cell is used for converting the prepared reaction product into electric energy for utilization;
a product tank for temporarily storing the prepared reaction product;
as another aspect of the present invention, a solar full spectrum utilization method with spectrum and light intensity cooperatively optimized is provided, which includes the following steps:
a light condensing assembly condensing sunlight;
the frequency dividing component divides the received concentrated sunlight into two parts, namely a first light beam for power generation and utilization of the photovoltaic cell and a second light beam for utilization according to conditions;
the first light beam reaches the surface of the photovoltaic cell, is converted into electric energy through the photovoltaic effect, and the generated electric energy is finally transmitted to the reactor to participate in the reaction;
the second light beam reaches the reactor, is converted into an energy form required by the reaction according to the condition and participates in the reaction;
the reactor simultaneously utilizes the electric energy converted from the solar energy and other forms of energy to prepare reaction products, and the reaction products comprise fuel or other products;
the full-spectrum utilization method of solar energy with the spectrum and the light intensity cooperatively optimized fully uses the energy converted from the solar energy for preparing reaction products, and realizes the high-efficiency conversion from the solar energy to chemical energy.
Based on the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the device and the method for preparing the chemical product by the solar full-spectrum complementation with the collaborative optimization of the spectrum and the light intensity have at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. by adopting a solar full-spectrum complementary utilization technology with spectrum and light intensity cooperatively optimized, a part of solar energy is converted into electric energy through a photovoltaic cell, and the rest part of the solar energy is converted into high-temperature heat energy or energy in other forms according to conditions, so that the full-spectrum utilization and cascade utilization of the solar energy are realized while high-quality electric energy is obtained, and the utilization efficiency of the solar energy is improved;
2. in the sunlight frequency division process, parts which cannot be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell in the short wave are also screened out, so that the utilization efficiency of the short wave sunlight can be improved, and the full-spectrum efficient utilization of solar energy is realized;
3, the photovoltaic module can be combined with other modules by the solar full-spectrum complementary utilization technology of spectrum and light intensity cooperative optimization, and a glass cover plate, a frame, a supporting member and the like are shared, so that the integration of the photovoltaic module, a reactor and other modules is realized, and the cost is reduced;
4. in the invention, the angle and the position of the photovoltaic cell are adjustable, and the photovoltaic cell is used for tracking sunlight and keeping the surface of the photovoltaic cell to be always opposite to the sun, thereby avoiding cosine loss; under favorable weather conditions, the photovoltaic cell can be selectively placed before or after a light condensation focus according to the illumination intensity after light condensation, so that the photovoltaic cell is prevented from being damaged due to over-strong illumination; in addition, the frequency dividing device can be removed under adverse weather conditions, so that all solar energy collected by the light collecting device is collected to the photovoltaic cell, and the purpose of power generation is achieved.
5. In the solar full-spectrum complementary utilization technology with the spectrum and the light intensity cooperatively optimized, photovoltaic-photothermal complementation is adopted, in the electrolysis technology, the generated electric energy provides electric energy for the electrolysis reaction, the generated heat energy can be used as heat absorbed by endothermic chemical reaction, the electric quantity and the heat required in the high-temperature electrolysis process are met, part of high-grade electric energy is replaced by low-grade heat energy, meanwhile, the potential barrier required to be overcome by electrolysis is smaller, a noble metal electrode is not required, and the cost is reduced; in the thermochemical cyclic decomposition technology, bias voltage is applied to the reactor by electric energy generated by photovoltaic, so that the reaction temperature can be reduced, the temperature change range is narrowed, the thermal shock of the reactor is small, and the irreversible loss is small. The electric energy and the heat energy are simultaneously used in the reaction process, so that the energy of the solar energy is completely used for preparing reaction products (fuel or other products) in the true sense, and the high-efficiency conversion from the solar energy to the chemical energy is realized.
6. The light beams of the solar energy used for the photo-thermal part directly irradiate the reactor for heating, so that the intermediate heat transfer process is reduced, and the energy loss of the solar energy is reduced;
7. in the full-spectrum complementary utilization technology of solar energy with spectrum and light intensity cooperatively optimized, electric energy generated by photovoltaic applies bias voltage to a reactor, and for endothermic reaction, the reaction temperature can be reduced with the assistance of the electric energy, so that the solar energy can reach the temperature range required by chemical reaction after frequency division, and the heat collection efficiency is improved; in addition, in the photocatalytic or photoelectrocatalysis technology, the electric energy generated by photovoltaic is used for applying bias voltage to the reactor, so that the photon energy required by electron transition in the catalyst can be reduced, the reaction is easier to carry out, the sunlight wavelength which can be utilized by the catalyst is prolonged (for example, from 500nm to 1500nm), and the improvement of the solar energy utilization efficiency and the full spectrum utilization of the solar energy are realized;
8. the solar energy is converted into chemical energy to be stored, so that secondary distribution of the solar energy in time and space is realized, and the problems of discontinuity and instability of the solar energy are solved;
9. in some embodiments of the invention, part of the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell is used for supplying the self-consumption electricity of the tracking unit, the raw material supply unit and other systems, and the product of the system is fuel, so that the system does not depend on a power grid and a heat supply network, can independently operate, and the application range of the system is expanded;
10. the invention converts full spectrum solar energy into electric energy, heat energy or energy in other forms, thereby realizing the cascade utilization of the solar energy; further, through various reactions, the electric energy, the heat energy or the energy in other forms can be utilized in a mouth-to-mouth manner and converted into chemical energy, so that the cooperative conversion and storage of multi-level energy sources are realized. The invention realizes the high-efficiency conversion from full-spectrum solar energy to chemical energy by the full-spectrum cascade utilization of solar energy and the cooperative conversion and storage of multi-grade energy. Taking the solar full spectrum efficient utilization of photovoltaic photo-thermal complementary high-temperature electrolyzed water to produce hydrogen as an example, as shown in fig. 11, the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell is used for water decomposition, and the photovoltaic waste heat is used for water vaporization, so that the energy matching of the solar energy is realized; the sunlight wave band which can be utilized by the photovoltaic cell is used for photovoltaic power generation, and the heat energy generated by the other wave bands is used for water decomposition to require heat, so that wave band alignment is realized.
11. The two embodiments of the invention decouple the spectrum frequency division and the energy distribution, and can simultaneously realize the spectrum opposite utilization and the energy distribution according to the requirements, namely realize the matching of various energy ratios converted from solar energy and the optimal various energy proportional relations required by the chemical reaction process, and improve the utilization efficiency of the solar energy. In addition, one embodiment of the invention can be improved on the basis of the original photovoltaic power station, and a new photovoltaic power station is not needed, so that the cost is saved, and the method is convenient and feasible.
12. In some embodiments of the present invention, the chemical products produced by the system may be directly used fuels or intermediates for producing fuels. The finally prepared fuel can be converted into required energy by a fuel power device (comprising an internal combustion engine, an external combustion engine, a fuel cell, a boiler, a reactor and the like) and can be supplied to users according to requirements.
13. In some embodiments of the invention, one or more of electric energy, heat energy or energy in other forms generated by the solar energy of the system can be supplied to the outside, the system has abundant and adjustable products, can meet the requirements of different users and occasions, and the application range of the system is expanded.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar full spectrum complementary utilization apparatus using cooperative optimization of spectrum and light intensity of a transmissive light-gathering component according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structural improvement of a solar full spectrum complementary utilization apparatus using cooperative optimization of spectrum and light intensity of a transmissive light-gathering component according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an improved structure of a solar full spectrum complementary utilization device using cooperative optimization of spectrum and light intensity of a transmissive light-gathering component according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a modified structure of a solar full spectrum complementary utilization device using cooperative optimization of spectrum and light intensity of a transmissive light-gathering component according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar full-spectrum complementary utilization apparatus for collaborative optimization of spectrum and light intensity with energy distribution ratio adjustable by using a transmissive light-gathering component according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar full spectrum complementary utilization apparatus using cooperative optimization of spectrum and light intensity of a reflective light-gathering component according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar full spectrum complementary utilization apparatus with a spectral and intensity cooperative optimization of adjustable energy distribution ratio using a reflective light-gathering component according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a system for solar full spectrum complementary hydrogen production using spectral and intensity collaborative optimization of a transmissive light-gathering component according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for comprehensive utilization of reaction products of complementary preparation of solar full spectrum by collaborative optimization of spectrum and light intensity according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of photovoltaic cell solar energy utilization;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the energy coupling relationship between solar energy and electric heat complementary decomposition water;
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the electrical energy and the thermal energy required in the water decomposition process.
In the above drawings, the reference numerals have the following meanings:
1-a transmissive light focusing assembly;
1 a-a reflective light focusing assembly;
2-a frequency-dividing component;
3-a reactor;
4-a photovoltaic cell;
5-a heat exchanger;
6-a heat exchanger;
7-a separation assembly;
8-a storage component;
9-a fuel cell;
10-a product tank;
11-a mirror;
12-selective spectral suppression structures.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments. It should be noted that in the drawings or description, the same drawing reference numerals are used for similar or identical parts. Implementations not depicted or described in the drawings are of a form known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, while exemplifications of parameters including particular values may be provided herein, it is to be understood that the parameters need not be exactly equal to the respective values, but may be approximated to the respective values within acceptable error margins or design constraints.
The invention focuses on the full-spectrum complementary utilization of solar energy with spectrum and light intensity cooperatively optimized, the solar energy is firstly divided into a first light beam for photovoltaic utilization and a second light beam for optional utilization by a frequency division component, the first light beam is converted into electric energy, the second light beam is converted into a required energy form according to the conditions, and then the converted energy is simultaneously used for preparing reaction products, thereby realizing the conversion of unstable solar energy into stable chemical energy.
Specifically, the invention discloses a device for preparing a reaction product by solar full-spectrum complementation with cooperatively optimized spectrum and light intensity. The device for preparing reaction products by solar full-spectrum complementation with spectrum and light intensity collaborative optimization comprises: a light-condensing assembly 1 for condensing sunlight; the frequency dividing assembly 2 is positioned on a light condensing line of the light condensing assembly and divides an incident light source into a first light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to efficiently utilize and a second light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to utilize according to conditions, wherein the second light beam comprises a part which cannot be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell 4 in long-wave light and short-wave light, so that the utilization efficiency of short-wave sunlight is improved, and full-spectrum utilization of solar energy is realized; the reactor 3 is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, is used for receiving the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and is also used as a place for preparing reaction products; and the photovoltaic cell 4 is positioned at or near the focal point of the optical path of the first light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and is used for receiving the first light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and generating and utilizing the first light beam.
The operation process of the device is described below by taking photovoltaic-photothermal complementary high-temperature electrolytic water in a solar full-spectrum complementary utilization technology with spectrum and light intensity synergistically optimized as an example. The chemical reaction principle is that water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen. First, the energy required for water electrolysis was analyzed thermodynamically as a function of temperature. The energy source for water decomposition consists of two parts, namely electric energy and heat energy, namely:
ΔH＝ΔG+TΔS
wherein, Δ H is the enthalpy change of the reaction, Δ G is the Gibbs free energy change of the reaction, T is the electrolysis temperature, and Δ S is the entropy change of the reaction. The energy required for the reaction is shown in fig. 12, and it can be seen from the figure that the electric energy required for the reaction and the heat energy are in a trade-off relationship, and the water decomposition reaction can use only the electric energy or the heat energy, or can use both the electric energy and the heat energy.
On the basis of the device, the photovoltaic-photothermal complementary high-temperature water electrolysis hydrogen production in the solar full-spectrum complementary utilization technology with spectrum and light intensity collaborative optimization is realized, and the following components are also needed: the heat exchanger 5 is used for realizing the heat exchange between reactants entering the system and the prepared high-temperature gas so as to achieve the purpose of primary heating; the heat exchanger 6 is used for further heating the reactant from the heat exchange pipeline by using the high-temperature gas which is just prepared; the separation component 7 is used for separating chemical fuel in the prepared high-temperature gas subjected to twice heat exchange; a storage component 8 for storing the reaction product.
The device works in the sun. The sunlight is first concentrated by the light concentration assembly 1 and then reaches the frequency dividing assembly 2 located on the light concentration line of the light concentration assembly 1. The frequency dividing component 2 divides the incident light source into a first light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to efficiently utilize and a second light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to utilize according to the circumstances, wherein the second light beam comprises a part which cannot be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell 4 in the long-wave light and the short-wave light, so that the utilization efficiency of the short-wave sunlight is improved, and the full-spectrum utilization of the solar energy is realized. Light beams for power generation and utilization of the photovoltaic cell 4 reach the surface of the photovoltaic cell 4, are converted into electric energy through a photovoltaic effect, meanwhile, a small part of light is converted into photovoltaic waste heat, and the generated electric energy is finally transmitted to the reactor 3 to participate in high-temperature electrolytic reaction. In addition, a heat exchange pipeline is attached to the lower portion of the photovoltaic cell 4, and raw material water is preheated by photovoltaic waste heat in the heat exchange pipeline. The light beam part for photo-thermal utilization reaches the reactor 3, the reactor 3 is heated through the photo-thermal effect, a high-temperature environment is provided for the reaction, and the part of heat can be used as heat required by the water decomposition endothermic chemical reaction, so that the reaction is favorably carried out. At this time, the reactor 3 performs the production of hydrogen by using both the thermal energy and the electric energy converted from the solar energy, but the high-temperature gas containing hydrogen, oxygen and other gases discharged from the reactor 3 requires a subsequent separation step to obtain hydrogen. After entering the system, cold water enters the heat exchanger 5 to exchange heat with the high-temperature gas discharged from the reactor 3, so that the purpose of primary heating is achieved. And then, photovoltaic waste heat is utilized through a heat exchange pipeline attached below the photovoltaic cell 4. The low-temperature water is changed into steam after twice heat exchange. Thereafter, the steam enters the heat exchanger 6, exchanges heat with the high-temperature gas immediately after being discharged from the reactor 3, and turns into high-temperature steam. Finally, the high-temperature steam enters the reactor 3 to participate in the electrolytic reaction, and high-temperature gas including hydrogen, oxygen and the like is generated. The prepared high-temperature gas is discharged from the reactor 3, firstly enters the heat exchanger 6 for heat exchange, then enters the heat exchanger 5 for heat exchange, and then enters the separation component 7, and the hydrogen in the separation component is separated. The separated hydrogen gas enters the storage component 8 for storage.
It can be seen that the invention firstly gathers the sunlight, then divides the sunlight into the light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to generate electricity and the light beam for the photo-thermal utilization through the frequency dividing component 2, then respectively converts the two into the electric energy and the heat energy, and then simultaneously sends the two kinds of energy to the reactor 3. The solar energy equivalent to the conversion utilization is entirely used for the endothermic reaction in the reactor 3. It should be noted that in this system, the residual heat after the photovoltaic cell 4 generates electricity and the residual heat of the produced high-temperature gas are both recycled.
It is worth noting that as shown in fig. 11, the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell is used for water decomposition power demand, and the photovoltaic waste heat is used for water vaporization, so that the energy matching of solar energy is realized; the sunlight wave band which can be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell is used for photovoltaic power generation, and the heat energy generated by the other wave bands is used for meeting the requirement of heat required by water decomposition, so that wave band alignment is realized.
The above examples show that the invention converts full-spectrum solar energy into electric energy and other forms of energy, thereby realizing the cascade utilization of solar energy; further, through the opposite utilization of each energy in the chemical reaction, namely, the electric energy generated by photovoltaic is added into the reaction to reduce the heat energy or other forms of energy required by the reaction and convert the heat energy or other forms of energy into chemical energy, the synergistic conversion and storage of multi-level energy sources are realized. The invention realizes the high-efficiency preparation of chemical products by full-spectrum solar energy through the full-spectrum complementary utilization of the solar energy with the spectrum and the light intensity cooperatively optimized.
The light-focusing assembly 1 is a fresnel-type solar light-focusing assembly, but the invention is not limited thereto. In the invention, the light-gathering component 1 can also be other light-gathering components, such as a groove-type light-gathering component, a tower-type light-gathering component, a disc-type light-gathering component, a linear Fresnel light-gathering component and the like. In addition, the positions of the light condensation component 1 and the frequency division component 2 can be interchanged, and the number of the light condensation components can be determined according to the actual situation; even more directly, the light concentration assembly 1 can be eliminated. The photovoltaic cell can be selectively placed before or after the light-gathering focus according to the illumination intensity after light gathering, so that the light intensity can be adjusted, the photovoltaic cell can work under proper conditions, and the system can be suitable for different photovoltaic cells. In addition to this, damage to the photovoltaic cell can be prevented. In the present invention, the reactor 3 is a Solid Oxide Electrolytic Cell (SOEC), but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the reactor 3 may also be other reactors for manufacturing chemical products, including other forms of electrolytic cells, photocatalytic reactors, etc., and the specific selection depends on the chemical products to be manufactured and the required conditions. Correspondingly, solar energy is not limited to be converted into electric energy and thermal energy, and electric energy and other forms of energy can be used. Similarly, the reaction in the reactor 3 is not limited to the high-temperature electrolysis reaction, but may also be thermochemical cycle decomposition reaction assisted by electric energy, photocatalytic reaction, and photoelectrocatalysis reaction, and the prepared reaction product may also include one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methanol, formic acid, methane, dimethyl ether, ethanol, ethylene, and other various alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, and aromatics. The related chemical reactions are endothermic reactions, including methanol cracking reaction, methanol steam reforming reaction, dimethyl ether cracking reaction, dimethyl ether steam reforming reaction, ethanol steam reforming reaction, methane carbon dioxide reforming reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction and the like.
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
In a first exemplary embodiment of the invention, a solar full-spectrum complementary utilization device adopting cooperative optimization of spectrum and light intensity of a transmission type light-gathering component is provided. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar full-spectrum complementary utilization apparatus for spectrum and light intensity collaborative optimization by using a transmissive light-condensing module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2, 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of modifications to the structure shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1, the solar full spectrum complementary utilization system with spectrum and light intensity collaborative optimization in this embodiment includes: the transmission type light-gathering component 1 is used for gathering sunlight; the frequency dividing assembly 2 is positioned on a light condensing line of the light condensing assembly and divides an incident light source into a first light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to efficiently utilize and a second light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to utilize according to conditions, wherein the second light beam comprises a part which cannot be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell 4 in long-wave light and short-wave light, so that the utilization efficiency of short-wave sunlight is improved, and full-spectrum utilization of solar energy is realized; the reactor 3 is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, is used for receiving the second light beam reflected by the frequency dividing component and is also used as a place for preparing reaction products; and the photovoltaic cell 4 is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the first light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, and is used for receiving the first light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, generating power and utilizing the first light beam, and finally sending the generated electric energy to the reactor 3 to participate in reaction.
The system operates in sunlight. The sunlight is firstly collected by the transmission type light-collecting component 1 and then reaches the frequency dividing component 2 positioned on the light-collecting line of the transmission type light-collecting component 1. The frequency dividing component 2 divides the received sunlight into two parts, namely a first light beam which can be efficiently generated and utilized by the photovoltaic cell 4 and a second light beam which can be utilized according to conditions. The second light beam reaches the reactor 3, and if the light and heat utilization is adopted, the reactor 3 is heated through the light and heat effect, a high-temperature environment is provided for the reaction, and if the photon energy utilization is adopted, electron transition is generated, and the photocatalytic reaction is carried out. In addition, the method is not limited to the two modes, and can also be converted into other required energy forms; the light beam for power generation of the photovoltaic cell 4 reaches the surface of the photovoltaic cell 4, is converted into electric energy through the photovoltaic effect, and the generated electric energy is finally transmitted to the reactor 3 to supply power for reaction.
It can be seen that in the present embodiment, the sunlight firstly passes through the transmissive light-collecting component 1, then the sunlight is divided into the first light beam and the second light beam by the frequency dividing component 2, and the first light beam and the second light beam are used for the photovoltaic cell 4 to generate power efficiently, and then the energy converted by the first light beam and the second light beam is simultaneously sent to the reactor 3. Corresponding to the fact that all the solar energy converted and utilized is used for the reaction in the reactor 3.
The invention can also adjust the successive positions of the transmission type light-gathering component 1 and the frequency dividing component 2 by ①, and determine the number of the light-gathering components ② according to actual conditions, remove ③ the transmission type light-gathering component 1 above the reactor 3 and add a transmission type light-gathering component 1', use the gathered light totally for the reactor 3 (shown in figure 2) to change the relation between the photovoltaic cells and the reactor 1: 1, even if a plurality of photovoltaic cells and a reactor are used in a complementary way (the number relation is 2: 1 as shown in figure 3 for example), ⑤ comprises a selective spectral suppression structure outside the reactor 3 (as shown in figure 4), the effect of the selective spectral suppression structure is to allow the light with specific frequency to enter and leave, because the light received by the reactor 3 is reflected (or transmitted) from the frequency dividing component, the frequency of the light is constant, the selective spectral suppression structure can be used for preventing the heat loss of the light-gathering component from being influenced by the heat-dissipation of the photovoltaic cells, and the radiation of the solar cell can be prevented from being damaged by the heat-gathering component, and the power generation device can be used for preventing the heat loss of the solar cell from being influenced by the radiation of the heat-gathering component.
Example 2
In a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, a solar full-spectrum complementary utilization device structure adopting a transmission type light-gathering component to adjust the spectrum and the light intensity of the energy distribution ratio and optimize synergistically is provided. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a solar full-spectrum complementary utilization apparatus, which is optimized by cooperation of a spectrum and a light intensity, wherein the spectrum and the light intensity of the energy distribution ratio can be adjusted by using a transmissive light-condensing component according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the solar photovoltaic-photothermal complementary structure of the transmissive light-collecting module of the present embodiment capable of adjusting the photoelectric-photothermal energy ratio includes: the transmission type light-gathering component 1 is used for gathering sunlight; the frequency dividing assembly 2 is positioned on a light condensing line of the light condensing assembly and divides an incident light source into a first light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to efficiently utilize and a second light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to utilize according to conditions, wherein the second light beam comprises a part which cannot be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell 4 in long-wave light and short-wave light, so that the utilization efficiency of short-wave sunlight is improved, and full-spectrum utilization of solar energy is realized; the reactor 3 is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, is used for receiving the second light beam reflected by the frequency dividing component and is also used as a place for preparing reaction products; a reflector 11 for reflecting sunlight for photovoltaic use to finally make the sunlight reach the photovoltaic cell 4; and the photovoltaic cell 4 is positioned on the reflection light path of the reflecting mirror and is used for receiving the light beam which is separated by the frequency dividing assembly 2 and then reflected by the reflecting mirror 11 and can be used for generating power by the photovoltaic cell.
The system operates in sunlight. The sunlight is firstly collected by the transmission type light-collecting component 1 and then reaches the frequency dividing component 2 positioned on the light-collecting line of the transmission type light-collecting component 1. The frequency dividing component 2 divides the received sunlight into two parts, namely a first light beam which can be used for the photovoltaic cell to efficiently generate electricity and utilize, and a second light beam which can be utilized according to conditions. The second light beam reaches the reactor 3, and if the light and heat utilization is adopted, the reactor 3 is heated through the light and heat effect, a high-temperature environment is provided for the reaction, and if the photon energy utilization is adopted, electron transition is generated, and the photocatalytic reaction is carried out. In addition, the method is not limited to the two modes, and can also be converted into other required energy forms; the light beams for the power generation of the photovoltaic cell 4 are reflected by the two reflecting lenses and then reach the surface of the photovoltaic cell 4, and meanwhile, the photovoltaic cell 4 is directly irradiated by sunlight, so that the adjustable effect of the energy proportion of solar energy in different forms is realized through the matching relation between the frequency division light beams and the frequency division light beams. The generated electrical energy is finally transmitted to the reactor 3, powering the reaction.
It can be seen that in the present embodiment, the sunlight first passes through the transmissive light-collecting component 1, and then is divided into the first light beam and the second light beam by the frequency dividing component 2, and the first light beam and the second light beam are respectively used for the photovoltaic cell 4 to generate electricity, and then the energies respectively converted by the first light beam and the second light beam are simultaneously transmitted to the reactor 3. Corresponding to the fact that all the solar energy converted and utilized is used for the reaction in the reactor 3. Wherein, through the direct incidence of photovoltaic cell 4 additional receiving sunlight, can adjust solar energy one side conversion energy distribution proportion to later can better realize matching with the required best energy proportional relation of preparation chemical products process.
The invention can also adjust the successive positions of the transmission type light-gathering component 1 and the frequency dividing component 2 by ①, and determine the number ② of the light-gathering components according to the actual situation to change the relation between the photovoltaic cells and the reactor 1: 1, even if a plurality of photovoltaic cells are complementarily utilized with one reactor (for example, the number relation is 2: 1 as shown in fig. 3), ③ comprises a layer of selective spectral suppression structure outside the reactor 3, the effect of the selective spectral suppression structure is to allow light with specific frequency to enter and leave, because the light received by the reactor 3 is reflected (or transmitted) from the frequency dividing component, the frequency thereof is constant, thus the frequency range of the selective spectral suppression structure is determined, the solar energy received by the reactor 3 is enabled to radiate heat outwards after the temperature of the reactor 3 is raised, wherein the light which does not meet the frequency of the frequency, but the frequency of the light which is reduced, the part of the frequency is a cosine, thus the frequency range of the selective spectral suppression structure is determined, the solar energy can be used for preventing the heat loss of the solar cells which is reduced after the temperature of the reactor 3 is raised, the solar energy is needed to be absorbed by the direct radiation, the direct radiation of the solar cells, the direct radiation of the reactor 3, the direct radiation of the direct.
Example 3
In a third exemplary embodiment of the invention, a solar full-spectrum complementary utilization device adopting the spectral and light intensity collaborative optimization of a reflective light-gathering component is provided. Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar full spectrum complementary utilization device adopting cooperative optimization of spectrum and light intensity of a reflective light-gathering component according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the solar full spectrum complementary utilization apparatus adopting the spectrum and light intensity collaborative optimization of the reflective light-gathering component in the present embodiment includes: a reflective light-gathering component 1a for gathering sunlight; the frequency dividing assembly 2 is positioned on a light condensing line of the light condensing assembly and divides an incident light source into a first light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to efficiently utilize and a second light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to utilize according to conditions, wherein the second light beam comprises a part which cannot be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell 4 in long-wave light and short-wave light, so that the utilization efficiency of short-wave sunlight is improved, and full-spectrum utilization of solar energy is realized; the reactor 3 is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, and is used for receiving the second light beam reflected by the frequency dividing component and simultaneously serving as a place for preparing reaction products; and the photovoltaic cell 4 is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the first light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, and is used for receiving the first light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, generating power and utilizing the first light beam, and finally sending the generated electric energy to the reactor 3 to participate in reaction.
The system operates in sunlight. The sunlight is first concentrated by the reflective light concentrating assembly 1a and then reaches the frequency dividing assembly 2 located on the light concentrating line of the reflective light concentrating assembly 1 a. The frequency dividing component 2 divides the received sunlight into two parts, namely a first light beam which can be used for the photovoltaic cell to efficiently generate electricity and utilize, and a second light beam which can be utilized according to conditions. The second light beam reaches the reactor 3, and if the light and heat utilization is adopted, the reactor 3 is heated through the light and heat effect, a high-temperature environment is provided for the reaction, and if the photon energy utilization is adopted, electron transition is generated, and the photocatalytic reaction is carried out. In addition, the method is not limited to the two modes, and can also be converted into other required energy forms; the separated first light beam for power generation and utilization of the photovoltaic cell reaches the surface of the photovoltaic cell 4, is converted into electric energy through a photovoltaic effect, and the electric energy is finally transmitted to the reactor 3 to supply power for reaction.
It can be seen that in the present embodiment, the sunlight first passes through the reflective light-collecting component 1a, then the sunlight is divided into a first light beam and a second light beam by the frequency dividing component 2, and the first light beam and the second light beam are used for efficient power generation of the photovoltaic cell, and then the energies respectively converted by the first light beam and the second light beam are simultaneously sent to the reactor 3. Corresponding to the fact that all the solar energy converted and utilized is used for the reaction in the reactor 3.
The light-gathering component 1a can be other reflection type light-gathering components, such as a tower type light-gathering component, a disc type light-gathering component and the like, in the invention, the light-gathering component 1a can also be other reflection type light-gathering components, the invention is not limited by the method, in addition, the invention can also adjust the successive positions of the reflection type light-gathering component 1 and the frequency dividing component 2 by ①, the quantity of the light-gathering components is determined according to actual conditions, the reflection type light-gathering components 1 are removed ③, a reflection type light-gathering component is added below the reactor 3, the gathered light is totally used for the reactor 3 ④ to change the relation between the photovoltaic cell 4 and the reactor 1: 1, even if a plurality of photovoltaic cells and a reactor are used in a complementary mode (similar to that shown in figure 3, the quantity relation is 2: 1 for example), a layer of selective spectrum suppression structure is coated outside the reactor 3, the effect of the selective spectrum suppression structure is shown in figure 4, the selective spectrum suppression structure allows the light with specific frequency to enter and leave, the light received by the reactor 3 is reflected (or transmitted) from the frequency of the frequency-dividing component, the frequency range is determined, the selective spectrum suppression structure, the light can be used for preventing the solar energy from being absorbed by the heat radiation of the heat-gathering component, the solar cell can be reduced after the solar energy is reduced, the solar energy of the solar energy-gathering component, the solar energy-gathering component can be used for the solar energy-gathering device, the solar energy-gathering device can be used for the.
Example 4
In a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention, a solar full-spectrum complementary utilization device structure adopting a reflective light-concentrating component to adjust the spectrum and the light intensity of the energy distribution ratio and optimize synergistically is provided. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a solar full-spectrum complementary utilization apparatus for adjusting the spectrum of the energy distribution ratio and cooperatively optimizing the light intensity by using a reflective light-condensing component according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, the solar full spectrum complementary utilization structure of the transmissive light-gathering component of the embodiment, which can adjust the spectrum of the energy distribution ratio and the light intensity for collaborative optimization, includes: a reflective light-gathering component 1a for gathering sunlight; the frequency dividing assembly 2 is positioned on a light condensing line of the light condensing assembly and divides an incident light source into a first light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to efficiently utilize and a second light beam for the photovoltaic cell 4 to utilize according to conditions, wherein the second light beam comprises a part which cannot be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell 4 in long-wave light and short-wave light, so that the utilization efficiency of short-wave sunlight is improved, and full-spectrum utilization of solar energy is realized; the reactor 3 is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, is used for receiving the second light beam reflected by the frequency dividing component and is also used as a place for preparing reaction products; the reflecting lens 11 is used for reflecting the reflected sunlight for photovoltaic utilization, and finally enabling the part of sunlight to reach the photovoltaic cell 4; and the photovoltaic cell 4 is positioned on the reflection light path of the reflecting lens and is used for receiving the light beams which are separated by the frequency dividing component 2 and can be used for generating power by the photovoltaic cell.
The system operates in sunlight. The sunlight is first concentrated by the reflective light concentrating assembly 1a and then reaches the frequency dividing assembly 2 located on the light concentrating line of the reflective light concentrating assembly 1 a. The frequency dividing component 2 divides the received sunlight into two parts, namely a first light beam which can be used for the photovoltaic cell to efficiently generate electricity and utilize, and a second light beam which can be utilized according to conditions. The second light beam reaches the reactor 3, and if the light and heat utilization is adopted, the reactor 3 is heated through the light and heat effect, a high-temperature environment is provided for the reaction, and if the photon energy utilization is adopted, electron transition is generated, and the photocatalytic reaction is carried out. In addition, the method is not limited to the two modes, and can also be converted into other required energy forms; the light beam for power generation and utilization of the photovoltaic cell 4 is reflected by a reflecting lens and then reaches the surface of the photovoltaic cell 4, and meanwhile, the photovoltaic cell 4 is directly irradiated by sunlight, so that the adjustable effect of different forms of energy proportions of solar energy is realized through the matching relation between frequency-divided light beams and non-frequency-divided light beams.
It can be seen that in the present embodiment, the sunlight first passes through the reflective light-collecting component 1a, then the sunlight is divided into a first light beam and a second light beam by the frequency dividing component 2, and the first light beam and the second light beam are used for efficient power generation of the photovoltaic cell, and then the energy converted by the first light beam and the second light beam is simultaneously sent to the reactor 3. Corresponding to the fact that all the solar energy converted and utilized is used for the reaction in the reactor 3. Wherein, through the direct incidence of photovoltaic cell 4 additional receiving sunlight, can adjust solar energy one side conversion energy distribution proportion to later can better realize matching with the required best energy proportional relation of preparation chemical products process.
The invention also provides a structure that ① adjusts the sequential position of the reflective light-gathering component 1a and the frequency-dividing component 2, the number ② of the light-gathering components is determined according to actual conditions, the relation between the photovoltaic cells 4 and the reactor 1: 1 is changed, even if a plurality of photovoltaic cells and a reactor are used complementarily (similar to that shown in fig. 3, the number relation is 2: 1 for example), ③ a layer of selective spectrum suppression structure is coated outside the reactor 3, the effect of the selective spectrum suppression structure is to allow light with specific frequency to enter and leave, the light received by the reactor 3 is reflected (or transmitted) from the frequency-dividing component, so the frequency is constant, the frequency range of the selective spectrum suppression structure is determined, the reactor 3 receives light with specific frequency, the light can be absorbed by the photovoltaic cells and can not be influenced by the direct radiation of the photovoltaic cells, the direct radiation of the photovoltaic cells can be reduced, the direct radiation of the photovoltaic cells can be prevented from being absorbed by the direct radiation of the photovoltaic cells, the direct radiation of the photovoltaic cells and the direct radiation of the power generation device, the direct radiation of the power generation device can be reduced, the direct radiation of the photovoltaic cells.
It is worth noting that the reflection type light gathering assembly can only use one reflector relative to the transmission type light gathering assembly, and in addition, the device can be directly transformed in the original photovoltaic power station, so that the construction cost is greatly saved.
Example 5
In a fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a system for solar full spectrum complementary hydrogen production using spectral, intensity collaborative optimization of transmissive light concentrating components is provided. Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar full-spectrum complementary hydrogen production system adopting cooperative optimization of the spectrum and the light intensity of the transmission-type light-gathering component according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 8, in the embodiment, based on an unmodified solar full spectrum complementary utilization device adopting cooperative optimization of the spectrum and the light intensity of the transmission type light-gathering component, the system is formed by adopting a solar frequency division photovoltaic-photothermal complementary utilization technology, and simultaneously utilizing the waste heat of the photovoltaic cell 4, and additionally using the components of the heat exchanger 5, the heat exchanger 6, the separating component 7 and the storage component 8. The photovoltaic cell 4 is used for receiving the gathered light beams for power generation and utilization of the photovoltaic cell and converting solar energy into electric energy, and meanwhile, a heat exchange pipeline is arranged below the cell panel and used for utilizing the waste heat of photovoltaic power generation and further heating the hot water from the heat exchanger 5 to enable the hot water to be converted into water vapor; the heat exchanger 5 is used for realizing the heat exchange between the cold water entering the system and the prepared high-temperature gas so as to achieve the purpose of primary heating; the heat exchanger 6 is used for further heating the steam from the heat exchange pipeline by using the high-temperature gas which is just prepared, so that the steam is changed into high-temperature steam to enter the reactor 3; the separation component 7 is used for separating hydrogen from the prepared high-temperature gas subjected to twice heat exchange; and the storage component 8 is used for storing the prepared hydrogen.
The device works in the sun. The sunlight is firstly collected by the transmission type light-collecting component 1 and then reaches the frequency dividing component 2 positioned on the light-collecting line of the transmission type light-collecting component 1. The frequency division component 2 divides the received concentrated sunlight into two parts, namely a first light beam for efficient power generation and utilization of the photovoltaic cell and a second light beam for photo-thermal utilization. The part for power generation and utilization of the photovoltaic cell reaches the surface of the photovoltaic cell 4, the photovoltaic effect is converted into electric energy, meanwhile, a part of light beams generate waste heat through photovoltaic, and the generated electric energy is finally transmitted to the reactor 3 to participate in high-temperature electrolytic reaction. A heat exchange pipeline is attached to the lower portion of the photovoltaic cell 4, and raw material water is preheated by photovoltaic waste heat in the heat exchange pipeline. The light beam part for photo-thermal utilization reaches the reactor 3, the reactor 3 is heated through the photo-thermal effect, a high-temperature environment is provided for the reaction, and the part of heat can be used as heat required by the water decomposition endothermic chemical reaction, so that the reaction is favorably carried out. At this time, the reactor 3 performs the production of hydrogen by using both the thermal energy and the electric energy converted from the sun, but the high-temperature gas containing hydrogen, oxygen and other gases discharged from the reactor 3 requires a subsequent separation step to obtain hydrogen. After entering the system, cold water enters the heat exchanger 5 to exchange heat with the high-temperature gas discharged from the reactor 3, so that the purpose of primary heating is achieved. And then, photovoltaic waste heat is utilized through a heat exchange pipeline attached below the photovoltaic cell 4. The low-temperature water is changed into steam after twice heat exchange. Thereafter, the steam enters the heat exchanger 6, exchanges heat with the high-temperature gas immediately after being discharged from the reactor 3, and turns into high-temperature steam. Finally, the high-temperature steam enters the reactor 3 to participate in the electrolytic reaction, and high-temperature gas including hydrogen, oxygen and the like is generated. The prepared high-temperature gas is discharged from the reactor 3, firstly enters the heat exchanger 6 for heat exchange, then enters the heat exchanger 5 for heat exchange, and then enters the separation component 7, and the hydrogen in the separation component is separated. The separated hydrogen gas enters the storage component 8 for storage.
It can be seen that in the embodiment, the sunlight is firstly gathered, then the sunlight is divided into the light beam for power generation and utilization of the photovoltaic cell and the light beam for photo-thermal utilization by the frequency dividing assembly 2, then the two light beams are respectively converted into the electric energy and the heat energy, and then the two kinds of energy are simultaneously sent to the reactor 3. The solar energy equivalent to the conversion utilization is entirely used for the endothermic reaction in the reactor 3. It should be noted that in this system, the residual heat after the power generation of the photovoltaic cell 4 and the residual heat of the produced high-temperature gas are both recycled.
In this embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment can be modified as appropriate in the manner described above; in addition, part of the embodiment can be replaced by the second embodiment, the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment, and the rest is unchanged, so that the purpose of hydrogen production by solar photovoltaic photo-thermal complementary utilization can be achieved. In addition, the embodiment relates to the frequency division photovoltaic-photothermal complementary hydrogen production, and by using the system, the complementary preparation of other chemical products by electric energy and energy in other forms can be realized, for example, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and the like are prepared by photocatalysis or photoelectrolysis. The heat exchange pipeline attached below the photovoltaic cell 4 can also exchange heat in the form of other heat exchangers; the forms of the heat exchanger 5 and the heat exchanger 6 are not limited in the present invention. The separation assembly 7 should have the function of drying the gas, and a separate drying device may be added to the system for drying the hydrogen.
It should be noted that this embodiment merely provides a way and a method for converting solar energy into chemical energy, and the reactor 3 is a high-temperature solid state fuel cell (SOEC), but the invention is not limited thereto, and the reactor 3 may also be other reactors, including various electrolytic cells, photocatalytic reactors, etc., and the specific choice depends on the prepared reaction product (fuel or other products) and the required conditions. Similarly, the reaction in the reactor 3 is not limited to high-temperature water electrolysis for hydrogen production, but also can be thermochemical cycle water decomposition hydrogen production reaction assisted by electric energy, photocatalytic reaction, and photoelectrocatalysis reaction, and the prepared reaction product includes one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methanol, formic acid, methane, dimethyl ether, ethanol, ethylene, and other various alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, and aromatics. The related chemical reactions are endothermic reactions, including methanol cracking reaction, methanol steam reforming reaction, dimethyl ether cracking reaction, dimethyl ether steam reforming reaction, ethanol steam reforming reaction, methane carbon dioxide reforming reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction and the like.
Example 6
In a sixth exemplary embodiment of the invention, a solar full spectrum comprehensive utilization system with cooperatively optimized spectrum and light intensity is provided. Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a solar full spectrum comprehensive utilization system with spectrum and light intensity cooperatively optimized. As shown in fig. 9, the reaction product obtained by the subsequent utilization process in addition to the fifth example of the present invention constitutes a sixth example of the present invention. The fuel cell 9 can convert the prepared chemical products into electric energy for utilization; the product tank 10 can store chemical products which are not used temporarily for later processing or sale.
The chemical products prepared by the method are not limited to hydrogen, and can also comprise carbon monoxide, methanol, formic acid, methane, dimethyl ether, ethanol, ethylene and other chemical products in other forms such as various alkanes, cycloalkanes, olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons and the like, and the chemical products can be utilized according to the properties of the chemical products, and the method is not limited in the invention.
So far, a plurality of embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the above description, those skilled in the art should clearly understand the complementary preparation of reaction product and its utilization system by solar full spectrum with synergistic optimization of spectrum and light intensity.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A solar full-spectrum complementary utilization device with cooperatively optimized spectrum and light intensity is characterized by comprising:
the light-gathering component is used for gathering sunlight;
the frequency dividing assembly is positioned on a light condensing line of the light condensing assembly and divides an incident light source into a first light beam for the efficient utilization of the photovoltaic cell and a second light beam which is utilized according to conditions, wherein the second light beam comprises a long-wave light part and a part which cannot be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell in the short-wave light, so that the utilization efficiency of the short-wave sunlight is improved, and the full spectrum utilization of solar energy is realized;
the reactor is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, is used for receiving the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and is also used as a place for preparing reaction products;
the photovoltaic cell is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the first light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and is used for receiving the first light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and generating and utilizing the first light beam;
the electric energy converted by the photovoltaic cell is also transmitted into the reactor, and participates in the preparation of reaction products together with high-temperature heat energy or other forms of energy converted by the second light beam in the reactor.
2. The solar full-spectrum complementary utilization device with the spectrum and the light intensity cooperatively optimized according to claim 1, wherein the positions of the light-gathering component and the frequency-dividing component can be exchanged; and selecting whether the light-gathering component focuses the sunlight or not, and modifying according to the actual situation to protect the photovoltaic cell from being damaged due to over-strong sunlight.
3. The complementary solar full spectrum utilization device with cooperative optimization of spectrum and light intensity as claimed in claim 1, wherein a light gathering component is added near the reactor, and the gathered light is totally used for the reactor;
preferably, the photovoltaic cell is varied in a 1: 1 relationship to the reactor, i.e., multiple photovoltaic cells are utilized complementary to one reactor.
4. The utility model provides a spectrum of adjustable energy distribution ratio, light intensity collaborative optimization's complementary utilization equipment of solar energy full spectrum which characterized in that includes:
the light-gathering component is used for gathering sunlight;
the frequency dividing assembly is positioned on a light condensing line of the light condensing assembly and divides an incident light source into a first light beam for the efficient utilization of the photovoltaic cell and a second light beam which is utilized according to conditions, wherein the second light beam comprises a long-wave light part and a part which cannot be efficiently utilized by the photovoltaic cell in the short-wave light, so that the utilization efficiency of the short-wave sunlight is improved, and the full spectrum utilization of solar energy is realized;
the reactor is positioned at or near the focus of the optical path of the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component, is used for receiving the second light beam separated by the frequency dividing component and is also used as a place for preparing reaction products;
the reflecting mirror is used for reflecting the first light beam for photovoltaic utilization;
the photovoltaic cell is positioned on the reflection light path of the reflection lens and is used for receiving the first light beam which is separated by the frequency dividing assembly and can be used for the photovoltaic cell to generate power;
the electric energy converted by the photovoltaic cell is also transmitted into the reactor, and participates in the preparation of reaction products together with high-temperature heat energy or other forms of energy converted by the second light beam in the reactor;
preferably, the device realizes the adjustable effect of various energy proportions converted from solar energy by adjusting the proportioning relation between the frequency-divided light beams and the light beams without frequency division, realizes the matching of various energy proportion relations distributed by the solar energy and the optimal energy proportion relation required by the process of preparing chemical products, and improves the utilization efficiency of the solar energy.
5. The full-spectrum complementary solar energy utilization device with the spectrum and the light intensity cooperatively optimized according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the light-gathering component is a transmission type light-gathering component or a reflection type light-gathering component;
preferably, the light-gathering component comprises a Fresnel type solar light-gathering component, a groove type light-gathering component, a tower type light-gathering component and a disc type light-gathering component;
preferably, the reactors include various electrolytic cells, thermochemical cycle decomposition reactors, photocatalytic reactors and other reactors suitable for the present patent.
6. The full-spectrum complementary solar energy utilization device with cooperative optimization of spectrum and light intensity according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the reactor is externally coated with a selective spectrum suppression structure, which is used for reducing the emission or transmission of the radiation spectrum by the reactor, so as to increase the utilization of the second beam solar energy and reduce the loss of the external radiation by the reactor.
7. The full-spectrum complementary solar energy utilization device with the spectrum and the light intensity cooperatively optimized according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the angle and the position of the photovoltaic cell are adjustable, and the device is used for tracking sunlight, keeping the surface of the photovoltaic cell always opposite to the sun and avoiding cosine loss; under favorable weather conditions, the photovoltaic cell can be selectively placed before or after a light condensation focus according to the illumination intensity after light condensation, so that the photovoltaic cell is prevented from being damaged due to over-strong illumination;
preferably, the frequency dividing device can be removed under adverse weather conditions, so that all the solar energy collected by the light collecting device is collected to the photovoltaic cell, and the purpose of power generation is achieved.
8. An apparatus for photovoltaic-photothermal complementary hydrogen production comprising the solar full spectrum complementary utilization apparatus with spectrum and light intensity collaborative optimization according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising:
the first heat exchanger is used for carrying out heat exchange on cold water entering the system and the prepared high-temperature gas to achieve the purpose of primary heating;
the second heat exchanger is used for further heating the water vapor from the heat exchange pipeline by using the prepared high-temperature gas so as to change the water vapor into high-temperature water vapor to enter the reactor;
the separation component is used for separating hydrogen from the prepared high-temperature gas subjected to twice heat exchange;
a storage assembly for storing the produced hydrogen gas;
preferably, the device can also realize the complementation of electric energy and other forms of energy to prepare other chemical products, the generated reaction comprises one or more of high-temperature electrolysis reaction, thermochemical cycle reaction assisted by electric energy, photocatalytic reaction and photoelectrocatalysis reaction, and the prepared reaction products comprise one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methanol, formic acid, methane, dimethyl ether, ethanol, ethylene and other various alkanes, cycloalkanes, olefins and aromatics.
9. A solar full spectrum comprehensive utilization device comprising the spectrum and light intensity collaborative optimization according to claim 8, further comprising:
the fuel cell is used for converting the prepared reaction product into electric energy for utilization;
and the product tank is used for temporarily storing the prepared reaction product.
10. A full-spectrum solar energy utilization method based on collaborative optimization of spectrum and light intensity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a light condensing assembly condensing sunlight;
the frequency dividing component divides the received concentrated sunlight into two parts, namely a first light beam for power generation and utilization of the photovoltaic cell and a second light beam for utilization according to conditions;
the first light beam reaches the surface of the photovoltaic cell, is converted into electric energy through the photovoltaic effect, and the generated electric energy is finally transmitted to the reactor to participate in the reaction;
the second light beam reaches the reactor, is converted into an energy form required by the reaction according to the condition and participates in the reaction;
the reactor simultaneously utilizes the electric energy converted from the solar energy and other forms of energy to prepare reaction products, and the reaction products comprise fuel or other products;
the full-spectrum utilization method of solar energy with the spectrum and the light intensity cooperatively optimized fully uses the energy converted from the solar energy for preparing reaction products, and realizes the high-efficiency conversion from the solar energy to chemical energy.
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| CN113074359A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-06 | 西安交通大学 | Concentrating photothermal electric coupling hydrogen production reaction system based on direct solar gradient utilization |
| CN113340007A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-09-03 | 南京理工大学 | Variable cutoff band spectrum distribution method for photovoltaic-photothermal chemical complementary system |
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| CN113074359A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-06 | 西安交通大学 | Concentrating photothermal electric coupling hydrogen production reaction system based on direct solar gradient utilization |
| CN113340007A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-09-03 | 南京理工大学 | Variable cutoff band spectrum distribution method for photovoltaic-photothermal chemical complementary system |
| CN113388425A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-14 | 南京航空航天大学 | Device and method for preparing carbon dioxide hydrocarbon fuel by utilizing solar energy through full spectrum |
| CN113411036A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-09-17 | 华北电力大学 | Comprehensive energy supply system based on solar energy frequency division utilization |
| CN114123963A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Solar disc type light-gathering frequency-division utilization system |
| CN114214653A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-22 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Solar water distillation-photovoltaic power generation coupled hydrogen production device and method |
| CN114349100A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-15 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Device and method for co-production of solar hydrogen production, power generation and seawater desalination |
| CN115676775A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-02-03 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Photolysis water hydrogen production device and lunar base energy supply system |
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