CN111508661B - Device and method for preparing heterogeneous copper conductor - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing heterogeneous copper conductor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111508661B CN111508661B CN201911388085.4A CN201911388085A CN111508661B CN 111508661 B CN111508661 B CN 111508661B CN 201911388085 A CN201911388085 A CN 201911388085A CN 111508661 B CN111508661 B CN 111508661B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0036—Details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0006—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for reducing the size of conductors or cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0016—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for heat treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/02—Stranding-up
- H01B13/0207—Details; Auxiliary devices
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of metal material preparation, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing an isomeric copper conductor. The device comprises a twisting unit: the device comprises two clamping rotating shafts, a plurality of copper/copper alloy bars and a plurality of clamping rotating shafts, wherein the copper/copper alloy bars are arranged in parallel and are twisted and hinged to realize the primary mechanical combination of materials; a rotary swaging unit: the clamping rotary shafts are arranged between the two clamping rotary shafts of the twisting unit and are used for performing rotary swaging on the twisted bar; a wire drawing unit: the wire drawing device is arranged at the rear side of the twisting and rotary swaging unit and is used for drawing wires of the bars after rotary swaging; a heat treatment unit: and the rear end of the wire drawing unit is used for carrying out heat treatment on the bar after wire drawing, so that the heterogeneous copper alloy wire is obtained. The high-strength high-toughness heterogeneous copper alloy wire with different grain sizes is prepared by a method of combining continuous twisting, hot-spinning, wire drawing and deformation with subsequent heat treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material preparation, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing an isomeric copper conductor.
Background
With the increasing requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction, the demand of electric power technology for electric wires and cables and other products for transmitting electric energy, transmitting information and realizing electromagnetic energy conversion is increasing. The metal wire is the most common material for wire and cable products, and the conventional pure copper and pure aluminum as the wire material can meet the conductivity requirement. However, in order to realize efficient and stable power transmission in a long distance, there is a new demand for mechanical properties of conductors. In general, it is difficult to achieve both strength and conductivity of the material. The defect density is increased after the strength of the metal material is improved, and the migration of electrons in the material is hindered. Also, the high density of defects may cause a reduction in ductility of the material, adversely affecting safety and stability of power transmission.
Through the literature search of the prior art, the inventor finds that the traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared in Electric Wire and Cable journal, 2013,6 (6): 1-6, the published discussion of metallurgical bonding mechanism of clad-welded-drawn copper clad aluminum wires introduces a method for preparing copper-aluminum composite wires, which comprises the following steps of performing heat treatment on a copper-aluminum composite material formed by drawing after clad welding, regulating and controlling the microstructure of the material, improving the mechanical property and obtaining a soft copper clad aluminum wire with required mechanical property, wherein the technical method is characterized in that: (1) the aluminum has lighter weight, so that the copper-aluminum composite wire is lighter and accords with the concept of environmental protection and energy conservation; (2) the copper-aluminum composite wire fully exerts the low-density performance of aluminum and the excellent conductive performance of copper. However, this technique also has the following problems: (1) the difference of the elastic modulus of copper and aluminum is large, and the interface combination of the two matrixes is poor, so that the conductivity of the lead is reduced; (2) the chemical property of aluminum is active, oxidation easily occurs in the preparation process, and the generated oxide layer influences the combination effect of the two substrate interfaces.
Further, the search shows that the "copper-clad steel wire and its production process" published in the Surface Technology journal of Surface Technology, 2007, 36(5):78-81 by Hefei et al introduces a process for producing copper-clad steel wire by electroplating, and the copper-steel composite wire is prepared by plating the Surface of the steel wire with a copper layer in a copper salt solution by using the principle of electrodeposition, and the process has the following characteristics: (1) the steel core of the copper clad steel wire has enough mechanical strength, and the electric conductivity of the copper layer is better; (2) the interface between the copper layer and the steel core is well combined, and the wire rod has excellent performance. However, this technique also has the following problems: (1) the copper clad steel wire produced by the electroplating method has a thin copper clad layer and brittle performance, and impurities are easily mixed in the copper layer to influence the conductivity; (2) the traditional copper preplating solution contains highly toxic cyanide, and has great production danger and environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for preparing a heterogeneous copper conductor.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: an apparatus for preparing heterogeneous copper conductor comprises
A twisting unit: the device comprises two clamping rotating shafts, a plurality of copper/copper alloy bars and a plurality of clamping rotating shafts, wherein the copper/copper alloy bars are arranged in parallel and are twisted and hinged to realize the primary mechanical combination of materials;
a rotary swaging unit: the clamping rotary shafts are arranged between the two clamping rotary shafts of the twisting unit and are used for performing rotary swaging on the twisted bar;
a wire drawing unit: the wire drawing device is arranged at the rear side of the twisting and rotary swaging unit and is used for drawing wires of the bars after rotary swaging;
a heat treatment unit: and the rear end of the wire drawing unit is used for carrying out heat treatment on the bar after wire drawing, so that the heterogeneous copper alloy wire is obtained.
The control cabinet is connected with the twisting unit, the rotary swaging unit and the wire drawing unit and used for controlling the twisting, rotary swaging and wire drawing processes; the twisting unit and the rotary swaging unit are arranged above the control cabinet.
Furthermore, a fastening rubber ring is arranged inside the clamping rotating shaft, the clamping rotating shaft clamps two ends of the plurality of copper/copper alloy bars arranged in parallel through the fastening rubber ring, and the clamping rotating shaft at one end is rotated, so that the plurality of copper/copper alloy bars arranged in parallel are twisted and hinged.
Furthermore, the rotary swaging unit comprises a forging die and a rotating mechanism, the forging die is assembled on the corresponding rotating mechanism, and forging dies with different diameters are arranged step by step.
Further, a heating mechanism is arranged in the spinning die and comprises a resistance wire, a thermocouple and a temperature control instrument;
the resistance wire cladding is in the swaging die outside, and the thermocouple cloth is convenient for the temperature measurement between the resistance wire, and the temperature control instrument is located the outside and links to each other with thermocouple and resistance wire through the electric wire, is convenient for realize the monitoring and regulation and control to the temperature.
Furthermore, the rear end of the twisting and swaging unit is connected with the wire drawing unit through a fixed pulley, and the bar after swaging enters the wire drawing unit after being guided by the fixed pulley.
Further, the wire drawing unit comprises a wire drawing die, a displacement sensor, a frequency converter, a tension bracket and a winding mechanism;
the wire drawing dies are positioned in the middle and penetrate through the wire drawing assembly according to the specification and size, and a guide wheel is arranged between every two adjacent wire drawing dies; the displacement sensors are distributed between every two dies, and the frequency converter is positioned at the lowest part of the wire drawing unit and is connected with the displacement sensors and the wire drawing dies through electric wires; the tension bracket is positioned behind the last pass, and the winding mechanism is positioned behind the tension bracket.
The method for preparing the isomeric copper conductor by using the device selects two or more copper alloys with different recrystallization temperatures to mix; after mixing, performing braiding, twisting and deformation; then carrying out hot rotary swaging deformation to obtain a compact multi-component heterogeneous copper alloy bar; then multi-pass wire drawing deformation is carried out to form a multi-component heterogeneous copper alloy wire; after subsequent heat treatment, the grain refinement process of different components in the heterogeneous copper alloy wire rod is realized, and the heterogeneous copper alloy wire with a multi-grain size is obtained.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1): mixing materials: treating the surface of a copper/copper alloy bar in advance, removing oil stains and an oxidation film, and polishing until a bright metal matrix is exposed; carrying out cluster arrangement on the dissimilar copper/copper alloy bars with the same length according to a circumferential alternative arrangement mode, matching the diameter of a cluster section with an inlet channel of a twisting and deforming die, and bundling the head and the tail of a copper alloy fine bar bundle;
step (2): and (3) twisting deformation: sending the bundled and fixed copper alloy thin rod bundles into a device, aligning two ends of the copper alloy thin rod bundles with the device, starting a twisting unit, fastening one end of the two ends of the thin rod bundles to be fixed, driving the thin rod bundles to be twisted around a central shaft by a clamping rotating shaft at the other end, and twisting the dissimilar copper alloy thin rod bundles to realize preliminary mechanical mixing of materials;
and (3): hot rotary swaging deformation: turning off a switch of the twisting unit, turning on a switch of the heating mechanism for heating, turning on a switch of the rotary swaging unit, driving the rotary swaging die to close the die, performing rotary swaging deformation on the copper alloy thin rod bundle, and arranging the rotary swaging dies with different diameters step by step;
and (4): and (3) wire drawing deformation: changing the direction of the bar after rotary swaging deformation through a fixed pulley (6), sending the bar into a wire drawing die, and performing wire drawing for 20-50 times to obtain a heterogeneous copper alloy wire;
and (5): and (3) heat treatment: and carrying out vacuum annealing treatment on the obtained copper alloy wire to obtain the material of the heterogeneous copper alloy wire with different grain sizes.
Further, in the twisting deformation in the step (2), the feeding speed is controlled to be 0.1-10 m/min, the rotating speed of a rotating shaft is controlled to be 0.1-10 rpm, and the rotating angle is controlled to be 30-720 degrees;
in the hot rotary swaging deformation in the step (3), the deformation temperature is controlled to be 100-300 ℃, the rotary swaging speed is controlled to be 2-20 m/min, and the total deformation is controlled to be 40-60%;
in the step (4), the wire drawing deformation is carried out, the wire drawing speed is controlled to be 1-10 m/min, and the total deformation is controlled to be 70-95%;
in the heat treatment in the step (5), the annealing temperature is controlled to be 200-300 ℃, and the annealing time is controlled to be 1-5 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) according to the invention, the high-strength high-toughness heterogeneous copper alloy wire can be prepared by a combined process of twisting, hot-spinning and wire drawing, the microstructure design has great flexibility and directivity, the proportion of the alloy can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the selectable materials comprise pure copper and alloy components such as Cu-10Zn, pure copper and Cu-20 Zn.
(2) The invention can prepare the high-strength and high-toughness copper alloy wire with the crystal grain sizes alternately distributed in the axial direction and the radial direction, obtains soft and hard phases in three dimensions, and realizes the cooperative improvement of the strength and the plasticity of the copper alloy wire.
(3) The invention does not relate to the use of chemicals in the production process, has relatively safe working environment, greatly reduces the pollution degree to the environment, and has little impurity content in the prepared material and stronger operability and practicability.
(4) The invention adopts copper alloys with different fine grain strengthening effects to prepare the heterogeneous copper alloy conductor, and is characterized in that the elastic modulus of the selected materials is similar, so that the heterogeneous interface matching degree of the prepared material is high, and the failure rate of the material in the deformation process is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of an apparatus for manufacturing a copper isomerate wire according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a deformation process of the present invention; wherein, the drawing (a) is a schematic diagram before twisting deformation, the drawing (b) is a schematic diagram after twisting deformation, the drawing (c) is a schematic diagram of a section of swaging deformation, and the drawing (d) is a sectional diagram of swaging deformation.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the heat treatment of the present invention; wherein, the drawing (a) is a schematic view of a heat treatment apparatus, the drawing (b) is a schematic view of an axial-section microstructure of a material before heat treatment, the drawing (c) is a schematic view of a radial-section microstructure of a material before heat treatment, the drawing (d) is a schematic view of an axial-section microstructure of a material after heat treatment, and the drawing (e) is a schematic view of a radial-section microstructure of a material after heat treatment.
Description of reference numerals:
the method comprises the following steps of 1-pure copper bar, 2-copper alloy bar, 3-clamping rotating shaft, 4-rotary swaging die, 5-rotary swaging heterogeneous copper alloy bar, 6-fixed pulley, 7-wire drawing unit, 8-winding mechanism and 9-control cabinet.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the twist forging drawing device for preparing the heterogeneous copper conductor comprises: the device comprises a twisting unit, a heating mechanism, a rotary swaging die, a wire drawing unit and a heat treatment unit;
the twisting unit is positioned on two sides above a control cabinet provided with a motor, an electric wire and other articles, and consists of a fastening rubber ring and a clamping rotating shaft 3, the fastening rubber ring is directly contacted with a sample to be processed, and the clamping rotating shaft 3 capable of continuously rotating is assembled on the outer side of the fastening rubber ring;
the rotary swaging die 4 is positioned on the inner side of the twisting unit above the control cabinet and consists of a forging die and a rotating device, and the forging die is assembled on the rotating device and can rotate under the drive of the rotating device; the heating mechanism is covered on the outer side of the rotary swaging die assembly and comprises a resistance wire, a thermocouple and a temperature control instrument, the resistance wire is covered on the outer side of the rotary swaging die, the thermocouple is distributed between the resistance wires to facilitate temperature measurement, and the temperature control instrument is positioned on the outermost side and is connected with the thermocouple and the resistance wire through an electric wire to facilitate temperature monitoring and control;
wire drawing unit 7 is connected through fixed pulley 6 with compiling between the hot rotary swaging deformation group, fixed pulley 6 is used for changing the direction of transmission of silk material, wire drawing unit 7 comprises wire drawing mould, displacement sensor, converter and tension bracket, the wire drawing mould is wire drawing unit 7's main part, be located the middle part, run through the wire drawing subassembly all the time according to specification size, displacement sensor distributes between per two moulds, the converter is located wire drawing subassembly bottommost, pass through the connection of electric lines between displacement sensor and the wire drawing mould, the tension bracket is located the rear of last pass, guarantee that the winding of wire material is inseparable orderly, the last good different structure copper alloy wire rod of processing that warp twines on the coil, so that transportation, processing and storage.
A heat treatment unit: and the rear end of the wire drawing unit is used for carrying out heat treatment on the bar after wire drawing, so that the heterogeneous copper alloy wire is obtained.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
firstly, polishing and cleaning the surface of a copper alloy thin rod, removing oil stains and oxide layers on the surface, taking a plurality of two copper alloy thin rods with the same length and diameter, carrying out mixed weaving according to a circumferential alternative arrangement mode of dissimilar materials shown in figure 1, ensuring that the total cross-sectional diameter of a thin rod bundle after mixed weaving is approximately equal to the diameter of an inlet channel of a first die, and bundling and fixing the head and the tail of the copper alloy thin rods after mixed weaving;
secondly, feeding the bundled and fixed copper alloy thin rod bundle into a device, aligning two ends of the copper alloy thin rod bundle with the device as shown in figure 1, starting a twisting deformation device of the device, fastening two ends of the thin rod bundle, and driving one end of the thin rod bundle to uniformly rotate at the speed of 3-10 rpm, wherein the rotation angle is 30-720 degrees;
thirdly, after the twisting deformation process is finished, closing the twisting deformation device, raising the temperature in the tube to 100-300 ℃ at the speed of 5-20 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 10-30 min, starting the rotary swaging deformation device, and performing hot rotary swaging deformation on the bar material, wherein the rotary swaging speed is 2-20 m/min, and the deformation amount is 40-60%;
fourthly, feeding the material prepared by rotary swaging deformation into a wire drawing die, and performing wire drawing deformation on the bar, wherein the wire drawing speed is 1-10 m/min, and the deformation is 70-95%;
and fifthly, annealing treatment is carried out, wherein the annealing temperature ranges from 200 ℃ to 300 ℃, and the time is 1-5 hours.
Example 1
(1) Selecting 10 brass metal rods with the length of 1.5m and the diameter of 5mm and 9 pure copper metal rods with the same size, carrying out surface treatment, removing oil stains and oxidation films on the surfaces of the brass metal rods, and polishing the brass metal rods until the surfaces of the brass metal rods are bright.
(2) And (3) stacking the two processed copper alloy thin rods in a circumferential alternative arrangement mode, wherein the arrangement mode is as shown in figure 1, the blanks are bound by copper wires from head to tail, and the metal thin rod bundles are fixed to prevent loosening and disorder.
(3) And (3) sending the bundled metal thin rod bundle to a twisting hot rotary forging wire drawing deformation group, aligning two sides, starting a switch of a twisting device as shown in figure 1, fastening two ends of the copper alloy thin rod bundle, and controlling a rotating shaft at one starting end to rotate 360 degrees as shown in figure 2.
(4) And turning off a switch of the twisting device, turning on a switch of the heating device, heating to 200 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, turning on a switch of the rotary swaging device, driving the rotary swaging die to perform rotary swaging deformation on the copper alloy thin rod bundle, wherein the rotary swaging speed is 8m/min, and the diameters of the rotary swaging die for three times are sequentially set to be 20mm, 16mm and 12.8 mm.
(5) And (3) changing the direction of the copper alloy bar subjected to rotary swaging deformation through a fixed pulley 6, feeding the copper alloy bar into a wire drawing die, and performing wire drawing for 30 times to obtain the heterogeneous copper alloy wire, wherein the deformation is 80%. And (3) carrying out vacuum annealing treatment on the obtained copper alloy wire, wherein the annealing temperature is 250 ℃ and the annealing time is 2 hours, and the obtained material is the heterogeneous copper alloy wire with different grain sizes.
The microstructure of the obtained multi-grain-scale heterogeneous copper alloy material is shown in fig. 3, and the grain sizes are distributed alternately in the axial direction and the radial direction. Because the pure copper after large deformation and the Cu-10Zn are annealed at 250 ℃, the pure copper does not reach the recrystallization temperature, the crystal grains in the matrix grow up to different degrees, and the Cu-10Zn undergoes an obvious recrystallization process, so that the crystal grains are refined. After heat treatment, the grain sizes of the two alloys have large difference, so that the two matrixes have large strength difference, and the soft phase and the hard phase are alternately distributed to form the isomeric copper alloy. Therefore, the high-strength high-toughness heterogeneous copper alloy wire with different grain sizes is successfully prepared by the continuous twisting, hot-spinning, wire-drawing and deformation combined with the subsequent heat treatment method.
Claims (9)
1. The method for preparing the isomeric copper conductor is characterized in that the adopted device comprises a twisting unit: comprises two clamping rotating shafts (3) for weaving, twisting and hinging a plurality of copper/copper alloy bars which are arranged in parallel to realize the preliminary mechanical combination of materials; a rotary swaging unit: the bar material rotary swaging device is arranged between two clamping rotary shafts (3) of the twisting unit and is used for performing rotary swaging on a twisted bar material; drawing unit (7): the wire drawing device is arranged at the rear side of the twisting and rotary swaging unit and is used for drawing wires of the bars after rotary swaging; a heat treatment unit: the heat treatment device is positioned at the rear end of the wire drawing unit and is used for carrying out heat treatment on the bar after wire drawing;
the specific method comprises the following steps: selecting two or more copper/copper alloys with different recrystallization temperatures, and mixing the materials; after mixing, weaving and twisting deformation are carried out; then carrying out hot rotary swaging deformation to obtain a compact multi-component heterogeneous copper alloy bar; then multi-pass wire drawing deformation is carried out to form a multi-component heterogeneous copper alloy wire; after subsequent heat treatment, the grain refinement process of different components in the heterogeneous copper alloy wire rod is realized, and the heterogeneous copper alloy wire with multiple grain sizes is obtained;
mixing materials: treating the surface of a copper/copper alloy bar in advance, removing oil stains and an oxidation film, and polishing until a bright metal matrix is exposed; carrying out cluster arrangement on the dissimilar copper/copper alloy bars with the same length according to a circumferential alternative arrangement mode, matching the diameter of a cluster section with an inlet channel of a twisting and deforming die, and bundling the head and the tail of a copper/copper alloy thin bar bundle;
and (3) twisting deformation: and (3) feeding the bundled and fixed copper/copper alloy thin rod bundles into a twisting unit, aligning two ends of the copper/copper alloy thin rod bundles with the twisting unit, starting the twisting unit, fastening one end of two ends of the thin rod bundles to be kept fixed, driving the thin rod bundles to be twisted around a central shaft by a clamping rotating shaft at the other end, and twisting the dissimilar copper/copper alloy thin rod bundles to realize primary mechanical mixing of materials.
2. The method of claim 1,
the hot rotary swaging deformation specifically comprises the following steps: turning off a switch of the twisting unit, turning on a switch of the heating mechanism for heating, turning on a switch of the rotary swaging unit, driving a rotary swaging die to be closed, performing rotary swaging deformation on the copper/copper alloy thin rod bundle, and arranging rotary swaging dies with different diameters step by step;
the wire drawing deformation specifically comprises the following steps: changing the direction of the bar after rotary swaging deformation through a fixed pulley (6), sending the bar into a wire drawing die, and performing wire drawing for 20-50 times to obtain a heterogeneous copper alloy wire;
the heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps: and carrying out vacuum annealing treatment on the obtained copper alloy wire to obtain the material of the heterogeneous copper alloy wire with different grain sizes.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the twisting deformation is carried out, the feeding rate is controlled to be 0.1-10 m/min, the rotating speed of a rotating shaft is controlled to be 0.1-10 rpm, and the rotating angle is controlled to be 30-720 degrees;
the hot rotary swaging deformation is carried out, the deformation temperature is controlled to be 100-300 ℃, the rotary swaging speed is controlled to be 2-20 m/min, and the total deformation is controlled to be 40-60%;
the wire drawing deformation is characterized in that the wire drawing speed is controlled to be 1-10 m/min, and the total deformation is controlled to be 70-95%;
and in the heat treatment, the annealing temperature is controlled to be 200-300 ℃, and the annealing time is controlled to be 1-5 h.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the adopted device further comprises a control cabinet (9), wherein the control cabinet (9) is connected with the twisting unit, the swaging unit and the wire drawing unit and is used for controlling the twisting, swaging and wire drawing processes; the twisting unit and the rotary swaging unit are arranged above the control cabinet (9).
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the clamping rotating shaft (3) is internally provided with a fastening rubber ring, the clamping rotating shaft (3) clamps two ends of a plurality of copper/copper alloy bars arranged in parallel through the fastening rubber ring, and rotates the clamping rotating shaft at one end to realize twisting and hinging of the plurality of copper/copper alloy bars arranged in parallel.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the swaging unit comprises a swaging die and a rotating mechanism, the swaging die being assembled to the corresponding rotating mechanism, and swaging dies of different diameters being arranged in stages.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein a heating mechanism is disposed within the swaging unit, the heating mechanism comprising a resistance wire, a thermocouple, and a temperature control instrument;
the resistance wire cladding is in the swaging die outside, and the thermocouple distributes and is convenient for the temperature measurement between the resistance wire, and the temperature control instrument is located the outside and links to each other through electric wire and thermocouple and resistance wire, is convenient for realize the monitoring and the regulation and control to the temperature.
8. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear end of the twisting and swaging unit is connected to the wire drawing unit (7) via a fixed pulley (6), and the rod after swaging is guided via the fixed pulley (6) and enters the wire drawing unit.
9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drawing unit (7) comprises a drawing die, a displacement sensor, a frequency converter, a tension bracket and a winding mechanism;
the wire drawing dies are arranged in the middle of the wire drawing unit, penetrate through the wire drawing unit all the time according to the specification and size, and a guide wheel is arranged between every two adjacent wire drawing dies; the displacement sensors are distributed between every two dies, and the frequency converter is positioned at the lowest part of the wire drawing unit and is connected with the displacement sensors and the wire drawing dies through electric wires; the tension bracket is positioned behind the last pass, and the winding mechanism is positioned behind the tension bracket.
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