CN111505695B - Radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation - Google Patents
Radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111505695B CN111505695B CN202010340362.0A CN202010340362A CN111505695B CN 111505695 B CN111505695 B CN 111505695B CN 202010340362 A CN202010340362 A CN 202010340362A CN 111505695 B CN111505695 B CN 111505695B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/02—Dosimeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/02—Dosimeters
- G01T1/06—Glass dosimeters using colour change; including plastic dosimeters
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
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Abstract
The invention discloses a radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation, wherein a pump light source, a computer and a detection circuit are connected, the computer controls the pump light source to generate pump laser and emit the pump laser to a coupler, the coupler divides the pump laser into two beams, one beam enters a sensitive fiber branch, the other beam enters a reference fiber branch, the sensitive fiber branch consists of a wavelength division multiplexer, a reflector, a sensitive fiber, the wavelength division multiplexer and a detector, the reference fiber branch consists of the wavelength division multiplexer, the reflector, the reference fiber, the wavelength division multiplexer and the detector, the detector is connected with the detection circuit, the detection circuit converts an optical signal into an electrical signal, performs filtering amplification and outputs the electrical signal to the computer, and the computer processes optical fiber attenuation data, demodulates radiation dosage information, and displays and stores the information. The invention is based on the self-excitation radiation luminescence effect of the doped optical fiber, and utilizes the radiation attenuation effect of the dual wavelengths of the pump light and the gain light to measure the radiation, thereby increasing the radiation sensitivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radiation measurement, in particular to a radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation.
Background
With the increasing widespread use of nuclear power, the proper disposal of nuclear waste becomes an important issue, and nuclear leakage can have catastrophic consequences. Therefore, radiation level monitoring of nuclear waste storage is of particular importance. In addition, radiation monitoring in the vicinity of nuclear reactors is also a prerequisite for ensuring safe operation of the nuclear installation.
Most of the existing radiation measuring instruments are personal dosimeters or medical high-precision low-dose radiation measuring instruments, and the remote real-time monitoring of industrial high-dose radiation cannot be met. Radiation sensors based on fiber radiation induced attenuation effect generally adopt specially-made doped fibers, are expensive, and radiation sensors based on common commercial fibers are often insufficient in accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation, which solves the problem that the radiation sensor of a common commercial fiber in the prior art is often insufficient in precision.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation comprises a pump light source, a coupler, a reference fiber, a sensitive fiber, a wavelength division multiplexer, a reflector, a detector, a detection circuit and a computer; the pump light source, the computer and the detection circuit are connected, the computer controls the pump light source to generate pump laser and the pump laser enters the input end of the coupler, the coupler divides the pump laser into two beams, one beam enters the sensitive optical fiber branch, the other beam enters the reference optical fiber branch, the sensitive optical fiber branch is composed of a wavelength division multiplexer connected with the output end of the coupler, a reflector connected with the input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, a sensitive optical fiber connected with the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the wavelength division multiplexer and the detector in sequence, the reference optical fiber branch is composed of a wavelength division multiplexer connected with the output end of the coupler, a reflector, a reference optical fiber connected with the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer, a wavelength division multiplexer and a detector in sequence, the output end of the detector is connected with the input end of the detection circuit, the detection circuit converts optical signals into electrical signals and performs filtering amplification, and outputting the data to a computer, processing the optical fiber attenuation data by the computer, demodulating irradiation dose information, and displaying and storing the information.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical power of the light signals received by the detector at a certain time by the sensing fiber branch and the reference fiber branch is PsAnd PrThen the attenuation caused by the radiation is now
And (3) demodulating irradiation dose information D according to an approximate relation A (D) cD between radiation attenuation and irradiation dose, wherein c is a constant obtained through experimental measurement.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sensitive optical fiber is a rare earth doped optical fiber, the sensitive optical fiber has radiation dependence on optical attenuation of two bands of the pump laser light and the excitation light, and the gain of the excitation light is related to the attenuation of the pump light.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sensitive fiber branch and the reference fiber branch are consistent in variation when the light source is unstable.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mirrors of the sensitive fiber branch and the reference fiber branch are respectively connected with the wavelength division multiplexer at the input end of the optical fiber or connected with the wavelength division multiplexer at the output end of the optical fiber.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. based on the self-excitation radiation luminous effect of the doped optical fiber, the radiation is measured by utilizing the radiation attenuation effect of the dual wavelengths of the pump light and the gain light, and the radiation sensitivity is increased.
2. The invention adds the reflector in the light path, and fully utilizes the forward and backward gain light in the sensitive optical fiber to improve the strength of the detection signal, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio and the dynamic range of the sensing system.
3. The invention simultaneously measures the pumping light and the gain light and performs data fusion and comparison on the measurement result so as to realize high-precision and high-reliability measurement, and simultaneously, the monitoring of the pumping light can be used for sensing the self working state of the sensing system and giving an alarm.
4. The radiation-detecting sensitive element is an optical fiber, can conveniently realize remote online monitoring, and is particularly suitable for dangerous places where nuclear industry environment personnel are inconvenient to enter.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram of one embodiment of a radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation of the invention;
fig. 2 is a block circuit diagram of another embodiment of a radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation of the invention.
In the figure, 1-pumping light source, 2-coupler, 3-reference fiber, 4-sensitive fiber, 5-wavelength division multiplexer, 6-detector, 7-detection circuit, 8-computer and 9-reflector.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention relates to an optical fiber radiation measuring system based on the self-excitation radiation and radiation-induced attenuation characteristics of rare earth doped optical fibers, which is provided with two schemes.
The first scheme is as follows:
the first solution, as shown in fig. 1, includes a pump light source 1, a coupler 2, a sensitive fiber 4, a wavelength division multiplexer 5, a detector 6, a detection circuit 7, a computer 8 and a mirror 9.
The computer controls a pump light source 1 to generate pump laser, the pump laser is split by a 1:1 optical coupler 2, one beam enters a sensitive optical fiber 4 through a common single-mode optical fiber, the other beam enters a reference optical fiber 3 and has the wavelength of lambda1Is pumped by the pump light, the spontaneous radiation in the sensitive fiber 4 and the reference fiber 3 generates a wavelength lambda2The excitation light is divided into forward light and backward light, and the backward light is reflected by the mirror 9 so as to be transmitted forward as the forward light. Under the action of the wavelength division multiplexer 5, the pump light and the spontaneous radiation light are separated and output to the photoelectric detector 6, the detector 6 detects four paths of optical signals, the detection circuit 7 converts the detected optical signals into electric signals, the electric signals are filtered and amplified and output to the computer 8, and the computer 8 processes the optical fiber attenuation data, demodulates the irradiation dose information, displays and stores the information and the like.
Under the influence of Radiation, the internal particles of the fiber are ionized to generate free electrons, the free electrons are captured by the inherent defects of the crystal to generate a stably existing color center, and the color center can generate strong absorption effect on light in a specific wavelength range, namely, fiber Radiation Induced Attenuation (Radiation Induced Attenuation). Radiation-induced fiber attenuation is a typical parameter that can characterize radiation dose, and the radiation dose can be measured by measuring the change of transmission loss of the fiber exposed to radiation with the radiation.
The pump laser emission wavelength is λ1The laser light enters the sensitive optical fiber through the first wavelength division multiplexer. The sensitive optical fiber is generally rare earth doped optical fiber, and can be erbium doped optical fiber, ytterbium doped optical fiber, or any other doped optical fiber capable of generating self-excitation radiation luminescence under the action of pumping laser with certain wavelength. When the pumping light enters the rare earth doped fiber, the spontaneous radiation amplification effect is generated, and the pumping wavelength is lambda2Of (2) is detected. When influenced by radiation, has a wavelength λ1Of a pump laser and a wavelength of lambda2The gain light of (2) causes the radiation-induced attenuation effect of the optical fiber due to the color center generated by the radiation. And the wavelength is lambda2The gain light becomes further smaller due to the radiation-induced attenuation effect of the pump laser, which is equivalent to amplifying the sensitivity of the gain light to radiation. Radiation sensitivity can thus be achieved by measuring the change in gain light under the radiation environment. The monitoring of the pump light can be used as auxiliary measurement to improve the accuracy, and can also be used for monitoring the working state of the sensing system and alarming. The reflector can fully utilize the gain light in two directions of the doped optical fiber to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the dynamic range of the sensing system.
The invention has three measuring schemes of pump light measuring radiation, exciting light measuring radiation and dual-wavelength differential measuring radiation, can be selected according to actual requirements, and can meet the measuring requirements of high measuring sensitivity and large radiation intensity dynamic range.
The invention is provided with a reference light path which is composed of a coupler 2, a reference optical fiber 3, a wavelength division multiplexer 5, a detector 6 and a reflector 9. Wave (wave)Length is lambda1The laser light passes through the coupler 2, then enters the reference light path through the wavelength division multiplexer 5, and generates the wavelength lambda through the reference optical fiber 32The backward excitation light is reflected by the reflecting mirror 9, passes through the wavelength division multiplexer 5 together with the forward excitation light, is separated from the pumping light, and is finally detected by the detector 6. By utilizing the reference light path, the problem of unstable light source can be solved, the noise of the light source is inhibited, and the accuracy of the measurement result is improved.
The sensitive optical fiber 4 is a rare earth doped optical fiber. The rare earth doped fiber is an active fiber having a plurality of absorption bands at a wavelength λ1And λ2The absorption band of (b) is used to perform light amplification or to make a light source. Rare earth doped optical fiber with wavelength of lambda1The electrons have short service life at the high energy level, and can jump to the upper energy level of the laser without radiation to form population inversion, and then the electrons generate the wavelength lambda under the spontaneous radiation or stimulated radiation2The excitation light of (1). This property of rare earth doped fiber can be used to perform dual wavelength measurements.
Suppose that the powers of the excitation lights received by the signal light path and the reference light path are PsAnd PrThe length of the sensitive optical fiber is l, and the radiation-induced attenuation of the optical fiber can be expressed as
Assuming that the irradiation dose is D, the saturated absorption dose of the generated unstable color center is DS1,DS2，a1、a2B are constants measured experimentally, respectively, and according to a multicomponent saturation index model, the radiation-induced attenuation of the optical fiber can be expressed as follows:
when D < min (D)s1，Ds2) Can be approximated as
Truncation error of approximate model Δ A < 10-4And the irradiation dose D can be demodulated according to the obtained approximate relation between the radiation-induced attenuation and the irradiation dose.
The dose sensitivity and dynamic range of the optical fiber radiation measuring system based on the rare earth-doped optical fiber self-excitation radiation and radiation-induced attenuation characteristics are analyzed.
In the invention, dual-wavelength measurement is adopted, radiation is measured according to dual sensitivity of pump light and exciting light to the radiation, pump absorption exists on the pump light, and spontaneous radiation and gain exist on the exciting light. When the fiber is irradiated, the color center absorption of the pump light increases, resulting in a decrease in pump absorption and, in turn, a decrease in excitation light gain.
The pump absorption losses of the signal optical path and the reference optical path to the pump light are respectively assumed to be deltapsAnd deltaprThe radiation-induced attenuation of the signal beam path is ApThe total radiation-induced loss of the pump light is δp＝Ap+δps-δpr. It is contemplated that an increase in radiation-induced attenuation will result in an increase in pump light attenuation and, thus, a decrease in pump absorption.
The pumping absorption losses of the signal light path and the reference light path to the exciting light are respectively assumed to be
And
radiation-induced attenuation of excitation light of AsThe total radiation-induced loss of excitation light is
The increase in radiation-induced attenuation results in a decrease in the gain of the excitation light and the absorption of the pump, and the sensitivity of the excitation light to measure radiation is high.
The second scheme is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the optical fiber radiation measuring system based on the self-excitation radiation and radiation-induced attenuation characteristics of the rare-earth doped optical fiber proposed by the present invention is not limited to the transmission type optical path shown in fig. 1, and the reflection type optical path shown in fig. 2 can also be adopted. Compared with the first scheme, the reflecting optical path installs the reflector 9 at the outgoing end of the forward wavelength division multiplexer 5, and reflects the forward excitation light back, so that the backward excitation light is mainly used, the signal light power of the reflecting optical path is larger than that of the transmitting optical path, and the light power of the reflecting optical path passing through the twice sensitive optical fibers is smaller than that of the transmitting optical path, so that the dynamic range of the reflecting optical path measurement is larger than that of the transmitting optical path, and the sensitivity of the reflecting optical path measurement is lower than that of the transmitting optical path,
therefore, the dual sensitivity of the excitation light and the pump light to radiation is utilized, a dual-wavelength measurement scheme is adopted, the high-sensitivity high-radiation intensity measurement device can meet the measurement requirement of the radiation intensity in a large dynamic range.
In summary, the invention describes an optical fiber radiation measurement system based on the self-excitation radiation and radiation-induced attenuation characteristics of rare earth doped optical fiber. The invention has the characteristics that: firstly, the erbium-doped optical fiber is adopted as a radiation sensitive element, so that the linearity is good and the measurement precision is high; can generate a wavelength lambda under the pumping of the pump light2The dual-wavelength measurement is realized by the exciting light; the optical fiber is directly coupled with the signal transmission optical fiber, and the coupling efficiency is high. Secondly, a pump light source is adopted as a light source, and the light source can be used as signal light for measuring radiation dose and can also be used as pump light for spontaneous radiation of the rare earth fiber. Thirdly, the dual sensitivity of the excitation light and the pump light to radiation is utilized, a dual-wavelength measurement scheme is adopted, the high measurement sensitivity is achieved, the measurement requirement of the radiation intensity in a large dynamic range can be met, and the resolving capability of the system to different types of radiation is improved. Fourthly, the reference light path is arranged, so that the noise of the light source is effectively inhibited, the measurement error caused by instability of the light source is reduced, and the measurement precision is improved. Finally, the optical fiber radiation measurement system based on the rare earth-doped optical fiber self-excitation radiation and radiation-induced attenuation characteristics can be applied to the fields of space radiation measurement, nuclear facility monitoring and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation is characterized in that: the device comprises a pumping light source, a coupler, a reference optical fiber, a sensitive optical fiber, a wavelength division multiplexer, a reflector, a detector, a detection circuit and a computer; the pump light source, the computer and the detection circuit are connected, the computer controls the pump light source to generate pump laser and the pump laser enters the input end of the coupler, the coupler divides the pump laser into two beams, one beam enters the sensitive optical fiber branch, the other beam enters the reference optical fiber branch, the sensitive optical fiber branch is composed of a wavelength division multiplexer connected with the output end of the coupler, a reflector connected with the input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, a sensitive optical fiber connected with the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the wavelength division multiplexer and the detector in sequence, the reference optical fiber branch is composed of a wavelength division multiplexer connected with the output end of the coupler, a reflector, a reference optical fiber connected with the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer, a wavelength division multiplexer and a detector in sequence, the output end of the detector is connected with the input end of the detection circuit, the detection circuit converts optical signals into electrical signals and performs filtering amplification, and outputting the data to a computer, processing the optical fiber attenuation data by the computer, demodulating irradiation dose information, and displaying and storing the information.
2. A radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation according to claim 1, wherein: the optical power of the light signals output by the sensitive optical fiber branch and the reference optical fiber branch received by the detector at a certain moment is PsAnd PrThen the attenuation caused by the radiation is now
And (3) demodulating irradiation dose information D according to an approximate relation A (D) cD between radiation attenuation and irradiation dose, wherein c is a constant obtained through experimental measurement.
3. A radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation according to claim 1, wherein: the sensitive optical fiber is erbium-doped optical fiber, ytterbium-doped optical fiber and phosphorus-doped optical fiber, the sensitive optical fiber has radiation dependence on the light attenuation of two wave bands of the pump laser and the exciting light, and the gain of the exciting light is related to the attenuation of the pump light.
4. A radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation according to claim 1, wherein: the sensitive optical fiber branch and the reference optical fiber branch have the same change condition when the light source is unstable.
5. A radiation dosimeter based on doped fiber self-excitation radiation according to claim 1, wherein: and the reflectors of the sensitive optical fiber branch and the reference optical fiber branch are respectively connected with the wavelength division multiplexer at the input end of the optical fiber or the wavelength division multiplexer at the output end of the optical fiber.
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| US5323011A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1994-06-21 | The Johns Hopkins University | Fiber optic ionizing radiation detector |
| US6025915A (en) * | 1998-06-25 | 2000-02-15 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Scale factor stabilization of a broadband fiber source used in fiber optic gyroscopes in radiation environments |
| CN101694526A (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2010-04-14 | 上海华魏光纤传感技术有限公司 | Reflection type optical fiber nuclear radiation sensor |
| CN102520433A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2012-06-27 | 北京航空航天大学 | All-optical-fiber on-line radiation dose measuring system |
| KR101916893B1 (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2018-11-08 | 한국광기술원 | optical fiber distributed detector for detecting radiation and method therefor |
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