CN111503655A - Combustion control method and system based on smoke multi-component detection - Google Patents
Combustion control method and system based on smoke multi-component detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN111503655A CN111503655A CN202010186305.1A CN202010186305A CN111503655A CN 111503655 A CN111503655 A CN 111503655A CN 202010186305 A CN202010186305 A CN 202010186305A CN 111503655 A CN111503655 A CN 111503655A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
- F23N3/005—Regulating air supply or draught using electrical or electromechanical means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/14—Differentiation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/30—Switches
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/34—Signal processing; Details thereof with feedforward processing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/42—Function generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/44—Optimum control
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Abstract
The invention provides a combustion control method and a system based on flue gas multi-component detection, wherein the contents of CO and NOx in flue gas, the heat loss of a boiler and the internal relation of excess air are formulated, a novel combustion optimization control strategy for roughly adjusting the excess air by using fuel quantity is formulated, the contents of CO and NOx are automatically corrected, oxygen quantity is given and finely adjusted, and the optimal working condition point of the oxygen content in the flue gas is controlled on line by controlling the control zone of the content of carbon monoxide in the flue gas and the concentration of nitric oxide on the premise of meeting the requirements of safety and emission, so that the ratio between the air supply quantity and the fuel quantity in the operation of the boiler is always kept optimal automatically, the problem that the air supply quantity can not be accurately and rapidly controlled by single oxygen quantity control when the boiler enters the boiler coal quality change or the air distribution of a combustor is.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of boiler combustion control, and relates to a combustion control method and system based on smoke multi-component detection.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
In the traditional combustion control scheme, the oxygen content given value of the boiler is only a simple function of load, when the coal quality of the boiler changes and the proportion of air quantity and fuel quantity is out of order, the change of the coal quality change to the oxygen content requirement is not considered in the oxygen content given value, and the boiler is difficult to operate in the optimal economic state.
No matter the quality of the coal fed into the boiler is good or bad, and how the load of the boiler changes, as long as the coal is fully combusted, the content of CO is stabilized in a fixed region value, and the control of carbon monoxide is not influenced by the change of the quality of the coal. According to the characteristic of CO, when the boiler load and the coal quality are changed, the content of CO can be controlled within a fixed range (control band), so that the characteristic gas of CO becomes an ideal control object.
In order to pursue high boiler efficiency, the combustion temperature in the boiler needs to be increased and a higher excess air coefficient needs to be used to ensure that the pulverized coal is fully combusted, but the content of NOx generated by the combustion of the boiler increases with the increase of the excess air coefficient, so that the increase of the excess oxygen is unfavorable for the NOx control of the boiler, when the content of the NOx in the flue gas exceeds the standard, the given amount of the reduced oxygen needs to be properly reduced on the premise of maintaining certain combustion efficiency, and the standard emission of the NOx is ensured, but the existing control mode can not realize the requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The method and the system introduce the detection of CO and NOx content of the flue gas, utilize the inherent relation between the CO and NOx content and boiler heat loss and excess air, research a novel combustion optimization control strategy, and can realize the quick and accurate control of boiler air supply quantity by controlling the CO and NOx content in a fixed range and automatically correcting given oxygen quantity when the coal quality changes.
According to some embodiments, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
firstly, the present disclosure provides a combustion control method based on flue gas multi-component detection, which is used for realizing automatic correction of oxygen amount given control when the quality of coal fed into a boiler changes and the proportion of air volume to fuel volume is out of control.
In some embodiments, a method of combustion control based on smoke multi-component detection comprises the steps of:
detecting the content of CO in the flue gas, and correcting the given value of oxygen by using the content of CO when the content of CO exceeds a set control band threshold value;
and detecting the content of NOx in the flue gas, and correcting the given value of oxygen content by using the content of NOx when the content of NOx exceeds a set threshold value, so as to realize the correction of the optimal working condition point of the oxygen content of the flue gas.
In an alternative embodiment, the control method further comprises using an oxygen amount corresponding to the fuel quantity command as a correction for the air volume adjustment to limit the boiler safe oxygen amount.
In an alternative embodiment, the fuel quantity is subjected to feedforward control of the opening of the movable blade of the blower corresponding to the function generator to form a feedforward-feedback composite control loop, so that the air supply quantity of the boiler is rapidly controlled.
As an alternative embodiment, when the CO content is above the upper control band limit or below the lower control band limit, a switch is made to CO/02And (4) cascade control is carried out to realize automatic correction of CO content and oxygen content setting.
As a further limitation, when the CO content in the flue gas is higher than the upper limit of the control band, correction is carried out, and the given value in the oxygen regulation process is increased, so that the air supply quantity is increased rapidly, the fuel is fully combusted, and the CO generation is reduced until the CO content is lower than the upper limit of the control band.
By way of further limitation, when the CO content in the flue gas is lower than the lower control band limit, a correction is made to reduce the set value in the oxygen regulation process, so that the air supply amount is reduced and the CO amount generation will increase until the CO content rises to be within the control band range.
As an alternative embodiment, when the CO content is within the set control band threshold, no correction is made to the oxygen setpoint.
As an alternative embodiment, when the NOx content is less than the set threshold, the given value of the oxygen amount is not corrected.
Alternatively, when the NOx content exceeds a set threshold, a correction is made to reduce the setpoint during the oxygen regulation.
Secondly, the present disclosure provides a combustion control system based on smoke multi-component detection, for implementing the process of the above control method.
In some embodiments, a combustion control system based on smoke multi-component detection comprises:
the CO content acquisition device is used for acquiring the CO content in the flue gas combusted by the boiler;
the CO content controller is used for comparing the CO content with a set control band threshold value and correcting the given value of the oxygen content when the CO content exceeds the control band threshold value;
the NOx content acquisition device is used for acquiring the NOx content in the flue gas combusted by the boiler;
a NOx content controller for correcting the oxygen amount set value by using the NOx content when the NOx content exceeds a set threshold;
and the oxygen amount correction regulator is used for correcting the air volume requirement corresponding to the load and sending the actually required air volume into the boiler.
In an alternative embodiment, the system further comprises an air volume regulator and an air volume measuring device, wherein the air volume measuring device obtains real-time air volume, the air volume regulator receives an output signal of the oxygen correction regulator, and regulates the air volume of the boiler blower according to a detected air volume signal in combination with an air volume setting corresponding to the combustion volume.
As an alternative embodiment, the NOx content controller comprises a differential controller and a polyline function generator in series.
As an alternative embodiment, the CO content controller is connected with a switch for selecting the CO amount correction control mode.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
the method optimizes the oxygen control, solves the problem that the combustion efficiency cannot be accurately judged by single oxygen detection, introduces the detection of CO and NOx contents in the flue gas, utilizes the relation between the CO and NOx contents and heat loss of a boiler and the internal relation of excess air to formulate an optimal control strategy for roughly adjusting the excess air by using fuel quantity and automatically correcting the oxygen contents by using the CO and NOx contents to give and finely adjust, and can control the optimum working condition point of the oxygen content in the flue gas on line by controlling the CO and NOx contents in a fixed range on the premise of meeting the requirements on safety and emission when the coal quality changes.
The method optimizes the air volume control link, limits the safe oxygen volume of the boiler by using the oxygen volume corresponding to the fuel volume instruction, and ensures that the oxygen-enriched combustion of the boiler is carried out when the change of the oxygen consumption is caused by the change of the coal quality.
The fuel quantity is subjected to feedforward control of the opening of the movable blade of the air feeder corresponding to the function generator to form a feedforward-feedback composite control loop, so that the air feeding quantity of the boiler is quickly controlled.
The method can realize that the ratio between the air supply quantity and the fuel quantity in the operation of the boiler is always automatically kept to be optimal, solves the problem that the air supply quantity cannot be accurately and quickly controlled by controlling the oxygen amount singly when the coal quality of the boiler is changed or the air distribution of a burner is not proper, and has good application prospect.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional air volume control principle based on a load simple correction of oxygen amount setting.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the control optimization operation principle of the embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present disclosure is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described in the background art, as shown in fig. 1, in the conventional combustion control scheme, the given value of the oxygen content of the boiler is only a simple function of the load, but when the quality of coal fed into the boiler changes and the ratio of the air volume to the fuel volume is out of control, the operating point with the optimal oxygen content of flue gas in the combustion system will change, and the given value of the oxygen content of the boiler in the control system is not designed to be automatically corrected, so that the boiler can be burnt severely under oxygen or oxygen deficiency.
According to the method, the rough adjustment of the excess air by using the fuel quantity is made according to the internal relations of CO and NOx contents in the flue gas, the heat loss of the boiler and the excess air, a novel combustion optimization control strategy for fine adjustment is given by automatically correcting the oxygen quantity of the CO and NOx contents, and the optimal working condition point of the oxygen content of the flue gas is controlled on line by controlling the control zone of the carbon monoxide content of the flue gas and the concentration of the nitrogen oxide on the premise of meeting the requirements of safety and emission, so that the ratio between the air supply quantity and the fuel quantity in the operation of the boiler is always kept optimal automatically, the problem that the air supply quantity cannot be controlled accurately and quickly by singly controlling the oxygen quantity when the boiler enters the boiler coal quality change or the air distribution of a burner is.
The following description is made in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments.
The embodiment provides a combustion control method based on flue gas multi-component detection, which is characterized in that a novel combustion control logic for correcting given oxygen content by CO and NOx content is designed by detecting the content of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide in flue gas at the outlet of a boiler economizer and introducing measured data into a unit control system.
In this embodiment, the plant control system is a Distributed Control System (DCS).
As shown in fig. 2, the technical solution mainly consists of the following three parts.
(1) CO content correction oxygen amount given optimization control part:
and designing a CO content regulator, wherein the output of the CO content regulator is used as the input of the oxygen regulator to form a CO content-oxygen content cascade regulation system. Through setting up change over switch, realize logic switching under the different operating modes. When the CO content is higher than the upper limit of the control band or lower than the lower limit of the control band, switching to CO/O2And cascade control is carried out, the automatic correction of CO content and the setting of oxygen content are realized, the full combustion of fuel is ensured, and the boiler operates in the optimal economic state.
(2) The NOx content is corrected by the given optimization control part of oxygen quantity:
and after the NOx content signal is designed to pass through the differential controller and the broken line function generator, the output is used as the input of the oxygen regulator, when the NOx content is higher than the emission standard, a loop of the NOx content differential regulator is put into operation, the output of the NOx content differential regulator acts to reduce the given value of the oxygen regulator, the automatic correction of the NOx content to give the oxygen content is realized, and the standard emission of the NOx in the flue gas is ensured.
(3) An optimization control part for correcting the given air volume:
the designed fuel quantity instruction and the actual fuel quantity are high, the oxygen quantity corresponding to the function generator is selected as the given correction of the air quantity regulator, the oxygen quantity corresponding to the fuel quantity instruction is used for limiting the safe oxygen quantity of the boiler, and the oxygen-enriched combustion of the boiler is ensured when the change of the oxygen consumption quantity is caused by the change of the coal quality. Because the measurement of the oxygen content of the flue gas has larger inertia delay and the air volume change response is slow in the variable load process, a feedforward-feedback composite control loop is formed by designing the fuel quantity and performing feedforward control on the opening of the movable blade of the air feeder corresponding to the function generator. When the fuel quantity changes along with the load instruction, the air volume regulator rapidly changes the air volume in proportion at the same time so as to avoid imbalance of the proportion of the air volume to the fuel quantity in the dynamic process.
In specific implementation, a man-machine interaction control interface can be constructed, and a CO quantity regulator and an operation end of a NOx content set value are designed in a picture of a DCS operator station, so that a unit operator can conveniently set a CO quantity set value and a NOx content standard emission fixed value on the DCS picture, and perform manual/automatic state switching, oxygen amount correction factor/projection and other operations.
According to the embodiment, the control band of the CO content of the flue gas and the concentration of NOx are controlled, on the premise of meeting the requirements of safety and emission, the optimal working condition point of the oxygen content of the flue gas is controlled on line, the boiler efficiency is optimal, and the problem that the air supply quantity cannot be accurately and quickly controlled by controlling the oxygen content singly when the coal quality of the boiler changes or the air distribution of a burner is not proper is solved.
In an exemplary embodiment, two sets of carbon monoxide measuring devices can be added to the horizontal flue at the outlet of the boiler economizer, and the measured data is introduced into the DCS. And acquiring real-time air volume by adopting an air volume measuring device, inputting the real-time air volume to a control system, receiving an output signal of an oxygen correction regulator by using an air volume regulator, setting air volume corresponding to combustion volume, and regulating the air volume of a boiler blower according to a detected air volume signal. Meanwhile, the safe oxygen content of the boiler is limited according to the oxygen content standard corresponding to the combustion quantity, and the oxygen content processed by the function generator is used as the given correction of the air volume regulator; and a feedforward-feedback composite control loop of the air volume regulator is arranged, and the feedforward-feedback composite control loop is used for quickly controlling the opening of the movable blade of the air feeder corresponding to the function generator according to the fuel quantity.
According to the technical scheme, optimized combustion control logic based on smoke multi-component detection is designed in DCS configuration software.
In the embodiment, in the conventional oxygen volume cascade control logic, an air supply optimization control algorithm for correcting the oxygen volume by the content of CO and the content of NOx is added, a change-over switch is arranged to realize logic switching under different working conditions, and an undisturbed tracking function is designed between the two control modes.
After the control logic is compiled, the control logic is compiled and checked by DCS configuration software to be correct, and then the control logic is downloaded to a DCS controller. A CO quantity regulator and an operation end of a NOx content set value are designed in a picture of a DCS operator station, so that a unit operator can set a CO quantity set value and a NOx content standard emission set value on the DCS picture, and can perform manual/automatic state switching, oxygen amount correction tangent/projection and other operations.
In the implementation process, in order to prevent the boiler air volume fluctuation caused by the large change of the CO value, the CO correction loop needs to reasonably set delay time, rate limit, upper limit amplitude limit and lower limit amplitude limit.
And clicking an oxygen amount correction input mode in a picture of a DCS operator station. In the operation process, when the CO content in the flue gas is higher than the upper limit of the control band, the change-over switch selects a CO amount correction control mode, the automatic output value of the CO amount regulator is increased, a correction signal is sent out to correct and increase the given value of the oxygen amount regulator, the air supply amount is increased rapidly, the fuel is fully combusted, the generation of CO is reduced until the CO content is lower than the upper limit of the control band, and the CO amount regulator does not act on the correction of the given value of the oxygen amount any more. When the CO content in the flue gas is lower than the lower limit of the control band, the selector switch selects a CO amount correction control mode, the excess air coefficient is larger at the moment, the CO amount regulator sends a correction signal to correct and reduce the set value of the oxygen amount regulator, the air supply amount is reduced, the CO amount generation is increased, and when the CO content is increased to be within the control band range, the CO amount regulator does not act on the correction of the set value of the oxygen amount any more. In the adjusting process, on the premise of ensuring the sufficient combustion of the fuel of the boiler, the opening degree of the movable blades of the air feeder is reduced, the power consumption of the air feeder is reduced, and the efficiency of the whole boiler is improved.
In the implementation process, when the NOx content is higher than the emission standard, the NOx content differential regulator loop is put into operation, the NOx content differential regulator outputs action, the given value of the oxygen regulator is reduced, the automatic correction of the NOx content is given, the standard emission of the NOx in the flue gas is ensured, and the control loop of the NOx content correction of the oxygen content stops working until the NOx content is lower than the emission standard.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and so forth) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present disclosure is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A combustion control method based on smoke multi-component detection is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
detecting the content of CO in the flue gas, and correcting the given value of oxygen by using the content of CO when the content of CO exceeds a set control band threshold value;
and detecting the content of NOx in the flue gas, and correcting the given value of oxygen content by using the content of NOx when the content of NOx exceeds a set threshold value, so as to realize the correction of the optimal working condition point of the oxygen content of the flue gas.
2. The combustion control method based on smoke multi-component detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises the steps of utilizing the oxygen amount corresponding to the fuel quantity instruction as correction of air quantity regulation so as to limit the safe oxygen amount of the boiler; and a feedforward-feedback composite control loop for correcting the air supply quantity by using the fuel quantity to realize the quick control of the air quantity.
3. The combustion control method based on smoke multi-component detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the CO content is higher than the upper limit of the control band or lower than the lower limit of the control band, switching to CO/02And (4) cascade control is carried out to realize automatic correction of CO content and oxygen content setting.
4. The combustion control method based on smoke multi-component detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the CO content in the flue gas is higher than the upper limit of the control band, correction is carried out, and the given value in the oxygen regulation process is increased, so that the air supply quantity is rapidly increased, the fuel is fully combusted, and the generation of CO is reduced until the CO content is lower than the upper limit of the control band.
5. The combustion control method based on smoke multi-component detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the CO content in the flue gas is lower than the lower limit of the control band, correction is carried out, and the given value in the oxygen regulation process is reduced, so that the air supply quantity is reduced, and the CO quantity generation is increased until the CO content is increased to be within the control band range.
6. The combustion control method based on smoke multi-component detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the NOx content exceeds a set threshold, a correction is made to reduce the set value during the oxygen regulation process.
7. A combustion control system based on flue gas multicomponent detection is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the CO content acquisition device is used for acquiring the CO content in the flue gas combusted by the boiler;
the CO content controller is used for comparing the CO content with a set control band threshold value and correcting the given value of the oxygen content when the CO content exceeds the control band threshold value;
the NOx content acquisition device is used for acquiring the NOx content in the flue gas combusted by the boiler;
a NOx content controller for correcting the oxygen amount set value by using the NOx content when the NOx content exceeds a set threshold;
and the oxygen amount correction regulator is used for correcting the air volume requirement corresponding to the load and sending the actually required air volume into the boiler.
8. The combustion control system based on smoke multi-component detection as claimed in claim 7, wherein: still include air volume regulator and air volume measuring device, air volume measuring device acquires real-time amount of wind, air volume regulator receives the output signal that oxygen volume corrected regulator, combines the amount of wind that the combustion volume corresponds to give, according to the air volume signal that detects, adjusts the air output of boiler forced draught blower.
9. The combustion control system based on smoke multi-component detection as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the NOx content controller comprises a differential controller and a polyline function generator in series.
10. The combustion control system based on smoke multi-component detection as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the CO content controller is connected with a selector switch and is used for selecting a CO amount correction control mode.
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| CN113932247A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-01-14 | 国家能源集团谏壁发电厂 | Automatic control method for reasonably reducing CO concentration of tower furnace |
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| 黄伟珍: "超超临界百万机组基于CO控制的锅炉燃烧优化调整", 《发电技术》 * |
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| CN114198759A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-18 | 浦湘生物能源股份有限公司 | Self-adaptive control method and system for oxygen amount of garbage incinerator |
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Application publication date: 20200807 |