CN111502700B - Tunnel sealing surrounding rock arch and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Tunnel sealing surrounding rock arch and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111502700B CN111502700B CN202010336251.2A CN202010336251A CN111502700B CN 111502700 B CN111502700 B CN 111502700B CN 202010336251 A CN202010336251 A CN 202010336251A CN 111502700 B CN111502700 B CN 111502700B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 275
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 description 6
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel sealing surrounding rock arch and a construction method thereof, which are mainly suitable for tunneling construction of underground tunnels, in particular to tunneling construction of deep tunnels and soft rock tunnels. The tunnel sealing surrounding rock arch construction method comprises four parts of face heading, cementing surrounding rock arch, sealing surrounding rock arch, surrounding rock arch detection and maintenance and the like. The invention has the advantages that; pouring the through cracks in the surrounding rock with the depth of 1.5-2.0 m around the roadway with the rapid hardening cementitious slurry, spraying the sealing slurry on the surface of the surrounding rock, and forming a 1.5-2.0 m-thick sealed ore body supporting structure, namely a sealing surrounding rock arch, around the roadway; surrounding rock deformation activity is found in time and surrounding rock maintenance measures are taken, so that the surrounding rock is stable in the whole service life of the roadway and does not need to be repaired for two times or more; the method provides technical and safety guarantee for solving the problem of surrounding rock control in resource exploitation of deep and soft rock mining areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction method for tunneling a tunnel in underground mining of coal and non-coal mine resources, in particular to a tunnel seal surrounding rock arch and a construction method thereof.
Background
At present, the deep mining roadway and the soft rock roadway have the phenomena of large surrounding rock approaching amount, reduced roadway section, local roof caving, roadway rib spalling, floor bulging and the like. In order to ensure the normal use of the tunnel and the safety of pedestrians, a great deal of manpower and supporting materials are needed to perform regular maintenance and renovation on the tunnel. After the tunnel with severe deformation is renovated and secondarily supported, the problems of bottom bulging, top wall cracking and the like occur again after a period of time, and the repair and the support are needed for many times. The tunnel is repaired for many times, so that normal production of a mine is influenced, potential safety hazards exist in treatment of broken surrounding rocks, the cost of tunneling, supporting and maintaining the tunnel is multiplied, the mining benefits of deep tunnels and soft rock scarps are low, and even the production is forced to stop or even the mine is closed. Therefore, a construction method for improving the safety and reliability of the roadway is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of large deformation of surrounding rocks of deep tunnels and soft rock tunnels, the invention provides a tunnel sealing surrounding rock arch construction method, which is called a thick surrounding rock arch method for short, and comprises four steps of facing excavation, cementing of surrounding rock arches, sealing of surrounding rock arches, and detection and maintenance of the surrounding rock arches.
According to one aspect of the invention, the construction method of the tunnel sealing surrounding rock arch is characterized by comprising the following steps: s01: performing face protection tunneling to form a roadway under the condition of keeping the original structure of the surrounding rock; s02: establishing a three-dimensional model around the roadway to form a cemented surrounding rock arch model, constructing a surrounding rock cementing hole (3) in the newly exposed roadway surrounding rock, and pouring rapid hardening cementing slurry into the newly exposed roadway surrounding rock through the surrounding rock cementing hole (3) so as to fill the rapid hardening cementing slurry into the through crack and the pore in the newly exposed roadway surrounding rock to form a surrounding rock arch (4); s03: rapidly spraying sealing slurry on the surface of the surrounding rock arch (4), and solidifying the sealing slurry on the surface of the surrounding rock arch to form a surrounding rock arch sealing layer (5); s04: and regularly detecting the cementing quality of the surrounding rock arch and detecting and maintaining the stability of the surrounding rock arch.
Preferably, the face protection tunneling mode in step S01 is performed by a controlled blasting mode or a face protection mechanical tunneling mode, and the tunneling circulation footage is less than or equal to 1 m.
Preferably, the controlled blasting mode is as follows: arranging boundary eyes at the boundary of the tunneling section of the roadway, wherein explosives are not filled in the boundary eyes; arranging outmost layer blasting holes in the inner side of the boundary eyes and placing explosives, wherein the distance between the outmost layer blasting holes and the boundary eyes is 200-300 mm; when the working face is blasted, the explosive explodes the surrounding rock circle from the blast hole on the outermost layer to the boundary hole, and the boundary hole half-edge eye mark which is completely and continuously maintained at the periphery of the newly exposed roadway after blasting forms a boundary (2) for controlling blasting and tunneling the newly exposed surrounding rock section.
Preferably, the boundary eyes are arranged linearly at a mutual distance of 200mm to 250 mm.
Preferably, the heading mode of the facing machine is as follows: dividing the tunneling section of the roadway into a peripheral section area and a central section area, cutting the central section area firstly, and then cutting the peripheral section area, wherein the cutting mode is as follows: cutting the roadway to the boundary position of the peripheral sectional area, and returning the position from the boundary position to the original position; moving the distance of the radius of the cutting head to the position parallel to the periphery boundary of the roadway to finish the reciprocating cutting of the periphery section area; and repeating the cutting process to cut all the peripheral section areas of the roadway to form the boundary of the newly exposed surrounding rock section in the face protection mechanical tunneling process.
Preferably, the distance between the outer boundary of the peripheral cross-sectional area and the outer boundary of the central cross-sectional area is 200mm to 300 mm.
Preferably, the face protection mechanical tunneling mode and the controlled blasting mode adjust the tunneling circulation footage according to the stability of the surrounding rock.
Preferably, the three-dimensional model in step S02 adopts a "section-node-arc section" spatial data structure, collects data of the section, the node, and the arc section, and establishes the three-dimensional model through computer simulation operation, thereby determining the cemented wall rock arch model.
Preferably, the arrangement mode of the surrounding rock cementing holes (3) in the step S02 is a rectangular structure, the distance between the surrounding rock cementing holes is 1.0-1.5 m, and the drilling depth is 1.5-2.0 m.
Preferably, the method for detecting the bonding quality of the surrounding rock arch in the step S04 is as follows: after the step S03 is finished, drilling holes are randomly constructed, the internal condition of the surrounding rock arch is checked, and the cementing quality of the surrounding rock arch is analyzed; and (5) repairing cementing holes in the unconsolidated pore and crack regions, and pouring quick-setting cementing slurry.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a tunnel sealing surround rock arch comprising: a surrounding rock arch (4) and a surrounding rock arch sealing layer (5); the surrounding rock arch (4) is arranged at the top plate, the bottom plate and two sides of the roadway, and the thickness of the surrounding rock arch is 1.5m-2.0 m; the surrounding rock arch sealing layer (5) is arranged outside the surrounding rock arch (4).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps of pouring rapid-setting cementitious slurry into through cracks in surrounding rocks with the depth of 1.5-2.0 m around a roadway, spraying sealing slurry on the surface of the surrounding rocks, and forming a 1.5-2.0 m-thick sealed ore body supporting structure, namely a sealing surrounding rock arch, around the roadway; surrounding rock deformation activity is found in time and surrounding rock maintenance measures are taken, so that the surrounding rock is stable in the whole service life of the roadway and does not need to be repaired for two times or more; the method provides technical and safety guarantee for solving the problem of surrounding rock control in resource exploitation of deep and soft rock mining areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a tunnel seal surrounding rock arch;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the section form of the newly exposed surrounding rock of the heading roadway of the face protection machine;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the section form of the newly exposed surrounding rock of the controlled blasting excavation roadway;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bonded wall rock arch;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the seal wall rock arch;
fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a cutting sequence of the roadway peripheral section area in the face guard tunneling mode.
Description of reference numerals: the method comprises the following steps of mechanically tunneling a newly exposed surrounding rock section boundary 1 by a facing machine, controlling blasting tunneling of the newly exposed surrounding rock section boundary 2, cementing holes 3 of surrounding rocks, a surrounding rock arch 4 and a surrounding rock arch sealing layer 5.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings. As shown in figure 1, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a tunnel sealing surrounding rock arch construction method, which consists of four parts of facing entering, cementing surrounding rock arch, sealing surrounding rock arch and surrounding rock arch detection and maintenance, and is respectively explained as follows according to mechanical tunneling and blasting tunneling:
example 1: face protection mechanical tunneling thick surrounding rock arch sealing method
Step 1: and (5) performing mechanical excavation with small protective surface and advancing. As shown in fig. 6, a face-protecting small-footage mechanical tunneling construction mode is adopted, a tunneling section is divided into a peripheral section area and a central section area which are close to the periphery of a roadway within a range of 200mm, the central section area is cut firstly, and then the peripheral section area is cut in the following mode: cutting is pushed from the boundary position 1 of the central section area to the boundary position 1 'of the roadway periphery (or forms a large angle with the boundary position of the roadway periphery), and then the cutting returns to the position 1 from the position 1' on the way; then, the periphery of the parallel roadway moves for a distance such as the radius of a cutting head to reach a position 2, and one-time reciprocating cutting of the peripheral section area is completed; repeating the cutting process, cutting all the peripheral section areas of the roadway to form a protective face mechanical tunneling newly exposed surrounding rock section boundary 11; the surrounding rock surface of the newly excavated roadway is composed of a plurality of sections of arc surfaces, and the tooth marks of the cutting teeth left on the arc surfaces are clear and continuous, as shown in fig. 2. The advancing depth of each time of tunneling is less than or equal to 1 m; if the stability of the surrounding rock is poor, the tunneling circulation footage is reduced, and the principle that the tooth marks on the surface of the surrounding rock are clear and continuous before the operation of sealing the arch of the surrounding rock is taken as the principle.
Step 2: and (4) cementing the surrounding rock arch. As shown in fig. 2 and 4, after the roadway is excavated, constructing surrounding rock cementing holes 3 in a newly exposed surrounding rock section boundary 1 in a face protection mechanical excavation mode, wherein the surrounding rock cementing holes 3 are arranged in a rectangular structure, the surrounding rock cementing holes 3 are obliquely crossed with main existing cracks in the surrounding rock, the hole spacing is 1m, and the depth of a hole bottom from the periphery of the roadway is 1.5 m; and (3) pouring rapid hardening cementing slurry into the surrounding rock through the surrounding rock cementing holes 3, wherein the rapid hardening cementing slurry is filled in through cracks and pores in the surrounding rock and is quickly hardened to form a supporting structure which takes the surrounding rock as a main part and the cementing slurry as an auxiliary part and is similar to an integrally closed arch body, namely a surrounding rock arch 4.
And step 3: and sealing the surrounding rock arch. As shown in figure 5, after the construction of the cemented surrounding rock arch is finished, sealing slurry is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4 at the speed of 50L/min in time, and the sealing slurry is solidified after 30-60 min to form a surrounding rock arch sealing layer 5 on the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4, wherein the sealing layer has the characteristics of early strength and weather resistance and plays a role in isolating the surrounding rock from contacting with the underground air.
The thickness of the surrounding rock arch sealing layer 5 is 10mm-150mm, the thickness of the sealing layer is increased along with the increase of the service life of a roadway, and the thickness of the sealing layer of the bottom plate is increased along with the increase of the traffic volume of the roadway; the sealing operation of the surrounding rock arch 4 follows the cementing operation of the surrounding rock arch 4, and the principles that the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4 has no obvious weathering before the sealing operation, and the tooth marks of the cutting teeth on the surface of the surrounding rock are clear and complete are taken as the principle.
And 4, step 4: and detecting and maintaining the surrounding rock arch 4. 1. And (3) detecting the cementing quality of the surrounding rock arch 4: after the cementing construction of the surrounding rock arch 4, drilling holes are randomly constructed, the internal condition of the surrounding rock arch 4 is checked, and the cementing quality of the surrounding rock arch 4 is analyzed. And (5) repairing cementing holes in the unconsolidated pore and crack regions, and pouring quick-setting cementing slurry.
2. And (3) stable detection of the surrounding rock arch 4: surrounding rock activity measuring areas are arranged in the roadway at intervals of 10-50 m; each measuring area is provided with one to three measuring surfaces, and the measuring surfaces are spaced by 2.0 m; each measuring surface is provided with a top bottom plate moving close and two side moving close observation lines; and regularly detecting the distance between the end points of the observation line and observing the surface morphology of the surrounding rock. If the distance values of the measuring points are irrecoverable in the same direction, surrounding rock activity early warning is sent out, a surrounding rock maintenance plan is started until the distance between the measuring points of the top floor and the two sides is not changed any more, and the surrounding rock activity early warning is cancelled.
3. Before a new excavation operation is planned near the roadway, the excavation dynamic pressure influence range is evaluated, and during the excavation operation, a temporary reinforcing support plan of a surrounding rock arch 4 is started for the roadway section in the dynamic pressure influence range, so that the surrounding rock is ensured not to generate continuous deformation activity.
Example 2 face-protecting mechanical tunneling thick surrounding rock arch sealing method
Step 1: and (5) performing mechanical excavation with small protective surface and advancing. As shown in fig. 6, a face-protecting small-footage mechanical tunneling construction mode is adopted, a tunneling section is divided into a peripheral section area and a central section area within a range of 250mm close to the periphery of a roadway, the central section area is cut firstly, and then the peripheral section area is cut in the following mode: cutting is pushed from the boundary position 1 of the central section area to the boundary position 1 'of the roadway periphery (or forms a large angle with the boundary of the roadway periphery), and then the cutting returns to the position 1 from the position 1' on the way; then, the periphery of the parallel roadway moves for a distance such as the radius of a cutting head to reach a position 2, and one-time reciprocating cutting of the peripheral section area is completed; repeating the cutting process, and cutting all the peripheral section areas of the roadway to form a new exposed surrounding rock section boundary 11; the surrounding rock surface of the newly excavated roadway is composed of a plurality of sections of arc surfaces, and the tooth marks of the cutting teeth left on the arc surfaces are required to be clear and continuous, as shown in fig. 2. The advancing depth of each time of tunneling is less than or equal to 1 m; if the stability of the surrounding rock is poor, the tunneling circulation footage is reduced, and the principle that the tooth marks on the surface of the surrounding rock are clear and continuous before the operation of sealing the arch of the surrounding rock is taken as the principle.
Step 2: and (4) cementing the surrounding rock arch. As shown in fig. 2 and 4, after the roadway is excavated, constructing surrounding rock cementing holes 3 in a newly exposed surrounding rock section boundary 1 in a face protection mechanical excavation mode, wherein the surrounding rock cementing holes 3 are arranged in a rectangular structure, the surrounding rock cementing holes 3 are obliquely crossed with main existing cracks in the surrounding rock, the hole spacing is 1.25m, and the depth of a hole bottom from the periphery of the roadway is 1.75 m; and (3) pouring rapid hardening cementing slurry into the surrounding rock through the surrounding rock cementing holes 3, wherein the cementing slurry is filled in through cracks and pores in the surrounding rock and is quickly hardened to form a supporting structure which takes the surrounding rock as a main part and the cementing slurry as an auxiliary part and is similar to a whole closed arch body, namely a surrounding rock arch 4.
And step 3: and sealing the surrounding rock arch. As shown in figure 5, after the construction of the cemented surrounding rock arch is finished, sealing slurry is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4 at a speed of 60L/min in time, and the sealing slurry is solidified within 30-60 min after spraying to form a surrounding rock arch sealing layer 5 on the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4.
The thickness of the surrounding rock arch sealing layer 5 is 10mm-150mm, the thickness of the sealing layer is increased along with the increase of the service life of a roadway, and the thickness of the sealing layer of the bottom plate is increased along with the increase of the traffic volume of the roadway; the sealing operation of the surrounding rock arch 4 follows the cementing operation of the surrounding rock arch 4, and the principles that the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4 has no obvious weathering before the sealing operation, and the tooth marks of the cutting teeth on the surface of the surrounding rock are clear and complete are taken as the principle.
The subsequent surrounding rock arch detection and maintenance operation is the same as that in embodiment 1, and the construction effect is the same.
Example 3 face protection mechanical tunneling thick surrounding rock arch sealing method
Step 1: and (5) performing mechanical excavation with small protective surface and advancing. As shown in fig. 6, a face-protecting small-footage mechanical tunneling construction mode is adopted, a tunneling section is divided into a peripheral section area and a central section area within a range of 300mm close to the periphery of a roadway, the central section area is cut firstly, and then the peripheral section area is cut in the following mode: cutting is pushed from the boundary position 1 of the central section area to the boundary position 1 'of the roadway periphery (or forms a large angle with the boundary position of the roadway periphery), and then the cutting returns to the position 1 from the position 1' on the way; then, the periphery of the parallel roadway moves for a distance such as the radius of a cutting head to reach a position 2, and one-time reciprocating cutting of the peripheral section area is completed; repeating the cutting process, cutting all the peripheral section areas of the roadway to form a protective face mechanical tunneling newly exposed surrounding rock section boundary 11; the surrounding rock surface of the newly excavated roadway is composed of a plurality of sections of arc surfaces, and the tooth marks of the cutting teeth left on the arc surfaces are clear and continuous, as shown in fig. 2. The advancing depth of each time of tunneling is less than or equal to 1 m; if the stability of the surrounding rock is poor, the tunneling circulation footage is reduced, and the principle that the tooth marks on the surface of the surrounding rock are clear and continuous before the operation of sealing the arch of the surrounding rock is taken as the principle.
Step 2: and (4) cementing the surrounding rock arch. As shown in fig. 2 and 4, after the roadway is excavated, constructing surrounding rock cementing holes 3 in a newly exposed surrounding rock section boundary 1 in a face protection mechanical excavation mode, wherein the surrounding rock cementing holes 3 are arranged in a rectangular structure, the surrounding rock cementing holes 3 are obliquely crossed with main existing cracks in the surrounding rock, the hole spacing is 1.5m, and the depth of a hole bottom from the periphery of the roadway is 2.0 m; and (3) pouring rapid hardening cementing slurry into the surrounding rock through the surrounding rock cementing holes 3, wherein the cementing slurry is filled in through cracks and pores in the surrounding rock and is quickly hardened to form a supporting structure which takes the surrounding rock as a main part and the cementing slurry as an auxiliary part and is similar to a whole closed arch body, namely a surrounding rock arch 4.
And step 3: and sealing the surrounding rock arch. As shown in figure 5, after the construction of the cemented surrounding rock arch is finished, sealing slurry is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4 at a speed of 70L/min in time, and the sealing slurry is solidified after 30-60 min to form a surrounding rock arch sealing layer 5 on the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4.
The thickness of the surrounding rock arch sealing layer 5 is 10mm-150mm, the thickness of the sealing layer is increased along with the increase of the service life of a roadway, and the thickness of the sealing layer of the bottom plate is increased along with the increase of the traffic volume of the roadway; the sealing operation of the surrounding rock arch follows the cementing operation of the surrounding rock arch, and the principles that the surface of the surrounding rock arch before the sealing operation has no obvious weathering and the tooth marks of the cutting teeth on the surface of the surrounding rock are clear and complete are taken as the principle.
The subsequent detection and maintenance operation of the surrounding rock arch 4 are the same as those in embodiment 1, and the construction effect is the same.
Example 4: face-protection control blasting tunneling thick surrounding rock arch method
Step 1: and the blasting excavation is controlled by the small advance of the protective surface. Adopting a face protection small footage control blasting excavation construction mode, arranging boundary holes with the spacing of 200mm on the boundary of a roadway excavation section, wherein the boundary holes are linearly arranged, and explosive is not filled in the holes; arranging outmost blasting holes in the inner side of the boundary eyes and placing explosives, wherein the distance between the outmost blasting holes and the boundary eyes is 200 mm; when the working face is blasted, the outer layer blast holes are burst to the surrounding rock ring between the boundary holes; after blasting, the periphery of the newly exposed roadway keeps complete and continuous boundary hole half-edge hole marks, and blasting excavation of the newly exposed surrounding rock section boundary 2 is controlled as shown in fig. 3; the blasting parameters are adjusted through experiments, so that the blasted coal rock fragments are accumulated in front of a working face, the coal rock toss and explores are not generated, and the surrounding undisrupted coal rock mass is not left.
The advancing depth of each time of tunneling is less than or equal to 1 m; if the stability of the surrounding rock is poor, the tunneling circulation footage is reduced, and the principle that the eye marks on the surface of the newly exposed surrounding rock are clear and continuous before the operation of sealing the surrounding rock arch of the newly tunneled road is taken as the principle.
Step 2: and (4) cementing the surrounding rock arch. As shown in fig. 4, after the roadway is excavated, surrounding rock cementing holes 3 are constructed in a control blasting excavation new exposed surrounding rock section boundary 2, the arrangement mode of the surrounding rock cementing holes 3 is a rectangular structure, the surrounding rock cementing holes 3 are obliquely crossed with main existing cracks in the surrounding rock, the hole spacing is 1.0m, and the depth of a hole bottom from the periphery of the roadway is 1.5 m; and (3) pouring rapid hardening cementing slurry into the surrounding rock through the surrounding rock cementing holes 3, wherein the cementing slurry is filled in through cracks and pores in the surrounding rock and is quickly hardened to form a supporting structure which takes the surrounding rock as a main part and the cementing slurry as an auxiliary part and is similar to a whole closed arch body, namely a surrounding rock arch 4.
And step 3: and sealing the surrounding rock arch. As shown in figure 5, after the construction of the cemented surrounding rock arch is finished, sealing slurry is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4 at the speed of 50L/min in time, and the sealing slurry is solidified after 30-60 min to form a surrounding rock arch sealing layer 5 on the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4.
The thickness of the surrounding rock arch sealing layer 5 is 10mm-150mm, the thickness of the sealing layer is increased along with the increase of the service life of a roadway, and the thickness of the sealing layer of the bottom plate is increased along with the increase of the traffic volume of the roadway; the sealing operation of the surrounding rock arch 4 follows the cementing operation of the surrounding rock arch 4, and the principles that the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4 has no obvious weathering before the sealing operation, and the eye marks of the boundary eye on the surface of the surrounding rock are clear and complete are taken as the principle.
The subsequent detection and maintenance operation of the surrounding rock arch 4 are the same as those in embodiment 1, and the construction effect is the same.
Example 5: the face protection control blasting tunneling thick surrounding rock arch sealing method.
Step 1: and the blasting excavation is controlled by the small advance of the protective surface. Adopting a face protection small footage control blasting excavation construction mode, arranging boundary holes with the spacing of 225mm on the boundary of the excavation section of the roadway, and not filling explosives in the holes; arranging outmost blasting holes in the inner side of the boundary eyes and placing explosives, wherein the distance between the outmost blasting holes and the boundary eyes is 250 mm; when the working face is blasted, the outer layer blast holes are burst to the surrounding rock ring between the boundary holes; after blasting, the periphery of the newly exposed roadway keeps complete and continuous boundary hole half-edge hole marks, and blasting excavation of the newly exposed surrounding rock section boundary 2 is controlled as shown in fig. 3; the blasting parameters are adjusted through experiments, so that the blasted coal rock fragments are accumulated in front of a working face, the coal rock toss and explores are not generated, and the surrounding undisrupted coal rock mass is not left.
The advancing depth of each time of tunneling is less than or equal to 1 m; if the stability of the surrounding rock is poor, the tunneling circulation footage is reduced, and the principle that the eye marks on the surface of the newly exposed surrounding rock are clear and continuous before the operation of sealing the surrounding rock arch of the newly tunneled road is taken as the principle.
Step 2: and (4) cementing the surrounding rock arch. As shown in fig. 3, after the roadway is excavated, surrounding rock cementing holes 3 are constructed in a control blasting excavation new exposed surrounding rock section boundary 2, the arrangement mode of the surrounding rock cementing holes 3 is a rectangular structure, the surrounding rock cementing holes 3 are obliquely crossed with main existing cracks in the surrounding rock, the hole spacing is 1.25m, and the depth of a hole bottom from the periphery of the roadway is 1.75 m; and (3) pouring rapid hardening cementing slurry into the surrounding rock through the surrounding rock cementing holes 3, wherein the cementing slurry is filled in through cracks and pores in the surrounding rock and is quickly hardened to form a supporting structure which takes the surrounding rock as a main part and the cementing slurry as an auxiliary part and is similar to a whole closed arch body, namely a surrounding rock arch 4.
And step 3: and sealing the surrounding rock arch. As shown in figure 5, after the construction of the cemented surrounding rock arch is finished, sealing slurry is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4 at the speed of 60L/min in time, and the sealing slurry is solidified after 30-60 min to form a surrounding rock arch sealing layer 5 on the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4.
The thickness of the surrounding rock arch sealing layer 5 is 10mm-150mm, the thickness of the sealing layer is increased along with the increase of the service life of a roadway, and the thickness of the sealing layer of the bottom plate is increased along with the increase of the traffic volume of the roadway; the sealing operation of the surrounding rock arch 4 follows the cementing operation of the surrounding rock arch 4, and the principles that the surface of the surrounding rock arch 4 has no obvious weathering before the sealing operation, and the half edge hole mark of the boundary hole on the surface of the surrounding rock is clear and complete are taken as the principle.
The subsequent surrounding rock arch detection and maintenance operation is the same as that in embodiment 1, and the construction effect is the same.
In summary, the face-protecting small-reach mechanical excavating embodiment 2 is a preferred embodiment; the face-side small-footage controlled blasting excavation example 5 is a preferred example.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A construction method of a tunnel sealing surrounding rock arch is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01: performing surface protection tunneling on surrounding rocks to form a new exposed roadway;
s02: establishing a three-dimensional model for the new exposed roadway, and determining the range of the surrounding rock arch (4); determining the positions and the number of the wall rock cementing holes (3) according to the range of the wall rock arch (4);
s03: constructing the newly exposed roadway to form a plurality of surrounding rock cementing holes (3), and pouring rapid hardening cementing slurry into the surrounding rock cementing holes (3) to fill the rapid hardening cementing slurry into through cracks and pores in the newly exposed roadway to form a surrounding rock arch (4);
s04: rapidly spraying sealing slurry on the surface of the formed surrounding rock arch (4) to form a surrounding rock arch sealing layer (5);
s05: and regularly detecting the cementing quality of the surrounding rock arch (4), and stably detecting and maintaining the surrounding rock arch (4).
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the face-protecting tunneling mode in step S01 includes a controlled blasting mode or a mechanical tunneling mode, the mechanical tunneling mode and the controlled blasting mode adjust a tunneling cycle footage according to the stability of the surrounding rock, and the tunneling cycle footage is less than or equal to 1 m.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the controlled blasting method is as follows:
arranging boundary holes on the tunneling section of the roadway, wherein the boundary holes are linearly arranged and are spaced at intervals of 200-250 mm, and explosives are not filled in the boundary holes; arranging outmost layer blasting holes in the inner side of the boundary eyes and placing explosives, wherein the distance between the outmost layer blasting holes and the boundary eyes is 200-300 mm; and the explosive explodes the surrounding rock between the outmost layer blast hole and the boundary hole, so that the complete and continuous half-side hole trace of the boundary hole is kept at the periphery of the tunneling section of the roadway after blasting to form a boundary (2) for controlling blasting tunneling of the newly exposed surrounding rock section.
4. The method for constructing a tunnel sealing wall rock arch as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mechanical tunneling method is as follows: and dividing the tunneling section of the roadway into a peripheral section area and a central section area, cutting the central section area firstly, and then cutting the peripheral section area to form a new exposed surrounding rock section boundary (1) for tunneling by the face protection machine.
5. The method of constructing a roadway seal wall rock arch as claimed in claim 4, wherein the distance between the outer boundary of the peripheral cross-sectional area and the outer boundary of the central cross-sectional area is 200mm-300 mm.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional model of step S02 is a spatial data structure of cross section, node and arc section, and the data of cross section, node and arc section are collected, and the three-dimensional model is established by computer simulation operation to determine the model of the wall rock arch (4).
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arrangement of the wall rock cementing holes (3) in step S02 is rectangular, the distance between the holes is 1.0m-1.5m, and the drilling depth is 1.5m-2.0 m.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S04 is performed by the following steps:
after step S03 is completed, performing the quality detection of the surrounding rock arch: drilling holes at multiple points on the surrounding rock arch (4), checking the internal condition of the surrounding rock arch, and analyzing the cementing quality of the surrounding rock arch; cementing holes are additionally punched in the unconsolidated pore and crack areas, and quick-setting cementing slurry is poured;
after step S03 is completed, performing the surrounding rock arch stability detection: surrounding rock activity measuring areas are arranged in the roadway at intervals of 10-50 m, 1-3 measuring surfaces are arranged in each surrounding rock activity measuring area, the interval between the measuring surfaces is 2.0m, and each measuring surface is provided with a top plate moving close to an observation line, a bottom plate moving close to the observation line and/or two sides moving close to the observation line; and (3) regularly detecting the distance between the measuring points at the two ends of the observation line, and performing surrounding rock activity early warning when the distance changes.
9. A tunnel seal surround rock arch formed by the method of construction defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: a surrounding rock arch (4) and a surrounding rock arch sealing layer (5);
the surrounding rock arch (4) is arranged at the top plate, the bottom plate and two sides of the roadway, and the thickness of the surrounding rock arch is 1.5m-2.0 m;
the surrounding rock arch sealing layer (5) is arranged outside the surrounding rock arch (4).
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| CN112228100B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-03-07 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Air pumping system and method for forming roadway atmospheric pressure support |
| CN112228107B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-06-27 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Detection method and system for sealing spray layer for roadway support |
| CN112377209B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-05-12 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Forming method and forming device for spraying temporary support in roadway |
| CN112228101B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-01-10 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Roadway support forming method and system based on spraying |
| CN112228102B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-06-27 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Spraying temporary support and permanent support method and system for anchor rod |
| CN112228057B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-01-10 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Coal roadway tunneling equipment and system with temporary uniform distribution supporting function |
| CN113188386B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2024-03-26 | 合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室) | Gel coupling blasting method for roof cutting of fracture-containing roof area of coal mine |
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