CN111502614B - Oil production pipe suitable for multi-oil layer combined production - Google Patents
Oil production pipe suitable for multi-oil layer combined production Download PDFInfo
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- CN111502614B CN111502614B CN202010371757.7A CN202010371757A CN111502614B CN 111502614 B CN111502614 B CN 111502614B CN 202010371757 A CN202010371757 A CN 202010371757A CN 111502614 B CN111502614 B CN 111502614B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 385
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 84
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010040 luhong Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/14—Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
- E21B17/1078—Stabilisers or centralisers for casing, tubing or drill pipes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tubing string suitable for combined production of multiple oil layers, and belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation equipment. The oil production pipe suitable for multi-oil layer combined production is composed of an oil pipe, a production tree, a plunger, a packer, a side valve, an oil pumping rod, a fixed valve ball and a sieve pipe; an oil pipe is arranged in the sleeve of the superposed oil layer; the bottom of the oil pipe is provided with a sieve pipe; the wellhead part of the superposed oil layer is provided with a Christmas tree; a polish rod is arranged in the Christmas tree; the lower end of the polish rod is connected with a sucker rod through a joint; the middle part of the sucker rod is provided with a plugging centralizer; the lower end of the sucker rod is fixedly provided with a plunger; an upper sealing partition plate and a lower sealing partition plate are arranged in the oil pipe below the plunger at intervals. The oil production pipe suitable for combined production of multiple oil layers has compact structure and smart design; the problem that only positive pressure oil layers can be exploited in the existing multi-oil-layer oil extraction structure is solved; the requirement of the enterprise for multi-oil layer combined production is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tubing string suitable for combined production of multiple oil layers, and belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation equipment.
Background
In the field of oil reservoir exploration, people often exploit oil using single-layer oil well exploitation techniques or layer-by-layer oil extraction techniques, in view of the different pressure characteristics of the oil reservoirs in the stacked oil reservoirs. But the single-layer oil well exploitation technology often causes the problem of oil layer co-exploitation compatibility; the layer-by-layer oil extraction process has the problems of complex process, time consumption and labor consumption. In order to solve this problem, a multi-layer co-production oil production structure has been developed, such as the oil production structure disclosed in publication No. CN106401541B, which can produce multiple oil layers simultaneously, thereby solving the above problems existing in the existing laminated oil layer production process to a certain extent. But the existing oil production structure can only be used for producing a positive pressure oil layer; when a negative pressure oil layer exists in the superposed oil layer, a packer is often adopted to block the upper layer or the lower layer, then the petroleum in the positive pressure oil layer is exploited, but the petroleum in the negative pressure oil layer cannot be exploited, and the problem of resource waste exists. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a tubing string capable of extracting a negative pressure oil layer to solve the above problems in the existing multi-oil layer oil extraction technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the oil production pipe column is compact in structure and ingenious in design, and is suitable for combined production of multiple oil layers, and the problem that the existing multi-oil-layer oil production structure can only produce positive-pressure oil layers is solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a kind of oil production string suitable for the multiple oil reservoir co-production, it is by the oil line, producing tree, plunger, packer, side valve, sucker rod, fixed valve ball and sieve tube make up; an oil pipe is arranged in the sleeve of the superposed oil layer; the bottom of the oil pipe is provided with a sieve pipe; the wellhead part of the superposed oil layer is provided with a Christmas tree; a polish rod is arranged in the Christmas tree; the polish rod extends to the inside of the oil pipe; the method is characterized in that: the lower end of the polish rod is connected with a sucker rod through a joint; the middle part of the sucker rod is provided with a plugging centralizer; the lower end of the sucker rod is fixedly provided with a plunger; the plugging centralizer and the plunger are connected with the inner wall of the oil pipe in a sliding and sealing manner; an upper sealing partition plate and a lower sealing partition plate are arranged in the oil pipe below the plunger at intervals; the upper sealing clapboard and the lower sealing clapboard are oppositely provided with oil pumping holes; a fixed valve ball is movably arranged in the space between the upper sealing partition plate and the lower sealing partition plate; the diameter of the fixed valve ball is larger than the aperture of the oil pumping hole; the fixed valve ball is intermittently and hermetically connected with the oil pumping hole on the lower packer plate; a packer is arranged between the casing and the oil pipe between the positive pressure oil layer and the negative pressure oil layer of the superposed oil layers; a side valve is arranged on an oil pipe above the packer; the side valve is communicated with the negative pressure oil layer through an oil outlet hole arranged on the sleeve.
The plunger consists of a plunger body and a floating valve ball; the lower end of the sucker rod is fixedly provided with a plunger body; the plunger body is of a hollow structure; the inner part of the plunger body is provided with an upper partition plate and a lower partition plate at intervals; the lower partition plate and the bottom of the plunger body are respectively provided with oil passing holes A in opposite directions; a floating valve ball is movably arranged in the plunger body below the lower partition plate; the diameter of the floating valve ball is larger than that of the oil passing hole A; the floating valve ball is intermittently and hermetically connected with an oil passing hole A at the bottom of the plunger body; the upper partition plate is provided with an oil passing hole B; the upper end of the plunger body is symmetrically provided with a plurality of groups of oil passing holes C.
The side valve consists of an oil outlet body and an oil inlet body; an oil outlet body is embedded in one side of the oil pipe; the lower end of the oil outlet body is fixedly provided with an oil inlet body through a fastening bolt; the lower end of the oil inlet body is connected with the oil pipe in an embedded mode; a mixing pipe is arranged in the middle of the oil outlet body; one end of the mixing tube is provided with a diffusion tube; the upper end of the diffusion pipe is communicated with the inside of the oil pipe; the oil outlet body at the other end of the mixing pipe is vertically provided with a suction chamber; an L-shaped oil inlet channel is arranged in the oil inlet body at one side of the suction chamber; one end of the oil inlet channel is provided with an oil inlet nozzle; the oil inlet nozzle extends to the inside of the suction chamber; the other end of the oil inlet channel is communicated with the inside of the oil pipe.
The oil inlet nozzle is of a contraction conical structure, and the cone angle of the oil inlet nozzle is 13.5 degrees; the diameter of an outlet of a nozzle of the oil inlet nozzle is 3 mm; the distance between the oil inlet nozzle and the inlet end of the mixing pipe is 3 mm; the mixing pipe is of a cylindrical structure, and the length of the mixing pipe is 30 mm; the diameter of the mixing tube is 6 mm; the tail end of the suction chamber is inclined and is communicated with the mixing pipe; the half angle of the inlet of the suction chamber and the mixing pipe is 30 degrees; the diffusion pipe is in a conical structure; the diffusion angle of the diffusion tube is 7-8 degrees; the outlet diameter of the diffuser pipe was 18 mm.
The plugging centralizer is designed by type selection according to the petroleum and gas industry standard SY-T5832 and 2002 pumping rod centralizer of the people's republic of China, the outer circumferential surface of the plugging centralizer is of a smooth surface structure and is connected with the inner wall of an oil pipe in a sliding and sealing mode; not only has the function of strengthening the body resistance, but also has the function of sealing.
The invention has the advantages that:
the oil production pipe column suitable for combined production of multiple oil layers is compact in structure and ingenious in design; the oil pipe is provided with a side valve, and the side valve is communicated with a negative pressure oil layer; after the design is adopted, when the oil production pipe is used for pumping oil, the lifted crude oil passes through the side valve, the side valve can form negative pressure inside by utilizing the principle of 'jet flow', so that the crude oil in a negative pressure oil layer can enter the side valve under the action of the negative pressure, and finally is produced through the oil production pipe. The oil production pipe realizes the function of co-production of a negative pressure oil layer and a positive pressure oil layer in an overlapped oil layer, and solves the problem that the existing multi-oil-layer oil production structure can only produce the positive pressure oil layer; the requirement of the enterprise for multi-oil layer combined production is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the state structure of the present invention in the upstroke;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention after the upstroke is completed;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the state structure of the invention on the down stroke;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the plunger of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a side valve configuration of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a in fig. 6.
In the figure: 1. the oil pipe, 2, a Christmas tree, 3, a plunger, 4, a packer, 5, a side valve, 6, a sucker rod, 7, a floating valve ball, 8, a fixed valve ball, 9, a sieve pipe, 10, a sleeve, 11, a polish rod, 12, a suction chamber, 13, a joint, 14, a plunger body, 15, an upper sealing partition plate, 16, a lower sealing partition plate, 17, an oil pumping hole, 18, an upper partition plate, 19, a lower partition plate, 20, an oil passing hole A, 21, an oil passing hole B, 22, an oil passing hole C, 23, an oil outlet body, 24, an oil inlet body, 25, a fastening bolt, 26, an oil inlet channel, 27, an oil inlet nozzle, 28, a mixing pipe, 29, a diffusion pipe, 30, an oil outlet hole, 31 and a plugging centralizer.
Detailed Description
The oil production pipe suitable for multi-oil layer combined production is composed of an oil pipe 1, a production tree 2, a plunger 3, a packer 4, a side valve 5, a sucker rod 6, a fixed valve ball 8 and a sieve pipe 9.
An oil pipe 1 is arranged inside a casing 10 of the superposed oil layers; the bottom of the oil pipe 1 is provided with a sieve pipe 9; the sieve tube 9 has a filtering function, and crude oil in the positive pressure oil layer can enter the oil production pipe after being filtered by the sieve tube 9 during operation, so that the problem that large particle impurities in the crude oil damage equipment after entering the oil production pipe can be solved.
The wellhead part of the superposed oil layer is provided with a Christmas tree 2; the christmas tree 2 is an existing device that has the function of controlling and regulating the production string. The christmas tree used in the present application is identical to the christmas tree structure disclosed in the patent with publication No. CN 106014349B.
A polish rod 11 is arranged in the Christmas tree 2; the polish rod 11 extends to the inside of the oil pipe 1 (see the description and the attached figure 1); when the device works, the Christmas tree 2 can control the polish rod 11 to move up and down under the coordination of other devices (pumping units) outside the well.
The lower end of the polish rod 11 is connected with a sucker rod 6 through a joint 13 (see the attached figure 1 in the specification).
The middle part of the sucker rod 6 is provided with a plugging centralizer 31 (see the attached figure 1 in the specification); the plugging centralizer 31 is designed by type selection according to the petroleum and gas industry standard SY-T5832-2002 sucker rod centralizer of the people's republic of China. In the model selection design process, the outer diameter of the sucker rod 6 and the inner diameter of the oil pipe 1 are used as known conditions, so that the design of the plugging centralizer 31 can be completed, and the plugging centralizer has a centralizing function and a sealing function.
When the oil production pipe column works, the righting function of the blocking centralizer 31 needs to be utilized, so that the sucker rod 6 can only move up and down, and the problem that the sucker rod deviates from a movement track is prevented. And the sealing function of the plugging centralizer 31 is needed to be utilized, so that the plugging centralizer 31 can separate the inside of the oil pipe 1, and the aim of smoothly jetting the side valve 5 is fulfilled. Therefore, in the design process of the plugging centralizer 31, the outer circumferential surface of the plugging centralizer 31 needs to be designed into a smooth surface structure, so that the plugging centralizer is connected with the inner wall of the oil pipe 1 in a sliding and sealing manner; thereby achieving the purpose of separating the oil pipe 1.
In addition, when the plugging centralizer 31 is selected, the righting performance and the sealing performance of the plugging centralizer are higher, the production effect of the oil production string is better, when the plugging centralizer 31 is selected according to the oil and gas industry standard SY-T5832 + 2002 sucker rod centralizer of the people's republic of China, the plugging centralizer 31 has three structures of a roller type sucker rod centralizer, a columnar sucker rod centralizer and a hoop type sucker rod centralizer which can be selected, the sealing performance of the columnar sucker rod centralizer is the best, and therefore the columnar sucker rod centralizer is selected preferentially in the application.
The lower end of the sucker rod 6 is fixedly provided with a plunger 3; the plunger 3 is connected with the inner wall of the oil pipe 1 in a sliding and sealing mode (see the attached figure 1 in the specification); during operation, the polished rod 11 can drive the plunger 3 to move up and down in the oil pipe 1 through the sucker rod 6.
The plunger 3 is composed of a plunger body 14 and a floating valve ball 7 (see the description and the attached figure 5); the lower end of the sucker rod 6 is fixedly provided with a plunger body 14; the plunger body 14 is of a hollow structure; the plunger body 14 is provided with an upper partition plate 18 and a lower partition plate 19 at an interval inside (see fig. 5 in the specification).
The lower partition plate 19 and the bottom of the plunger body 14 are respectively provided with an oil passing hole A20 in opposite directions; a floating valve ball 7 is movably arranged in the plunger body 14 below the lower partition plate 19; the diameter of the floating valve ball 7 is larger than that of the oil passing hole A20; therefore, the floating valve ball 7 can only move in the lower partition plate 19 and the inner part of the bottom of the plunger body 14, so that the problem of falling-off of the floating valve ball 7 is avoided. The floating valve ball 7 is intermittently and hermetically connected with an oil passing hole A20 at the bottom of the plunger body 14.
The upper partition plate 18 is provided with an oil passing hole B21; the upper end of the plunger body 14 is symmetrically provided with a plurality of groups of oil passing holes C22 (see the description and the attached figure 5). The aperture of the oil passing hole B21 is larger than the diameter of the oil passing hole A20, and the sum of the flow areas of the multiple groups of oil passing holes C22 is larger than the aperture of the oil passing hole B21; the purpose of so setting is: so that in the process that crude oil passes through the oil passing hole A20, the oil passing hole B21 and the oil passing hole C22 and enters the oil pipe 1 at the upper part of the plunger 3 through the plunger 3 in the working process, the flow area of the passing path of the crude oil is sequentially increased, and the crude oil can efficiently flow.
An upper sealing partition plate 15 and a lower sealing partition plate 16 are arranged in the oil pipe 1 below the plunger 3 at intervals (see the description and the attached figure 1); the upper sealing clapboard 15 and the lower sealing clapboard 16 are oppositely provided with oil pumping holes 17; a fixed valve ball 8 is movably arranged in the space between the upper packer plate 15 and the lower packer plate 16 (see the description and the attached figure 1); the diameter of the fixed valve ball 8 is larger than the aperture of the oil pumping hole 17; the purpose of thus setting the diameter of the fixed valve ball 8 is: so as to limit the fixed valve ball 8 inside the upper sealing partition 15 and the lower sealing partition 16, and avoid the problem of 'slipping' of the fixed valve ball 8. The fixed valve ball 8 is intermittently and hermetically connected with an oil pumping hole 17 on the lower sealing clapboard 16.
A packer 4 is arranged between the casing 10 and the oil pipe 1 between a positive pressure oil layer and a negative pressure oil layer of the superposed oil layers (see the attached figure 1 in the specification); the packer 4 is the existing equipment, and the type selection and the installation mode of the packer 4 are consistent with those of the packer in the patent with the publication number of CN 106401541B.
A side valve 5 (see the attached figure 1 in the specification) is arranged on the oil pipe 1 above the packer 4; the side valve 5 is communicated with the negative pressure oil layer through an oil outlet hole 30 arranged on the casing 10 (see the attached figure 1 of the specification).
The side valve 5 is composed of an oil outlet body 23 and an oil inlet body 24 (see the description and the attached figure 6); an oil outlet body 23 is embedded on one side of the oil pipe 1; the lower end of the oil outlet body 23 is fixedly provided with an oil inlet body 24 through a fastening bolt 25; the lower end of the oil inlet body 24 is connected with the oil pipe 1 in an embedding way (see the attached figures 1 and 6 of the specification).
A mixing pipe 28 is arranged in the middle of the oil outlet body 23; the mixing pipe 28 is of a cylindrical structure, and the length of the mixing pipe 28 is 30 mm; the mixing tube 28 had a diameter of 6mm (see figure 6 of the specification).
One end of the mixing pipe 28 is provided with a diffusion pipe 29 (see the description and the attached figure 6); the diffuser 29 is of a "conical" configuration; the diffusion angle of the diffusion tube 29 is 7-8 degrees; the outlet diameter of the diffuser 29 is 18 mm.
The upper end of the diffusion pipe 29 is communicated with the inside of the oil pipe 1; the oil outlet body 23 at the other end of the mixing pipe 28 is vertically provided with a suction chamber 12 (see the attached figure 6 in the specification); the end of the suction chamber 12 is inclined and communicates with the mixing pipe 28; the inlet half angle of the suction chamber 12 to the mixing tube 28 is 30 (see figure 7 of the description). The inlet end of the suction chamber 12 is communicated with the negative pressure oil layer through the oil outlet 30 provided on the casing 10 (see fig. 1 and 6 of the specification).
An L-shaped oil inlet channel 26 is arranged in the oil inlet body 24 at one side of the suction chamber 12; one end of the oil inlet passage 26 is provided with an oil inlet nozzle 27; the oil inlet nozzle 27 extends to the inside of the suction chamber 12; the other end of the oil inlet passage 26 communicates with the inside of the oil pipe 1 (see fig. 1 and 6 in the specification). The oil inlet nozzle 27 is of a convergent cone type structure, and the cone angle of the oil inlet nozzle is 13.5 degrees (see the attached figure 7 in the specification); the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle of the oil inlet nozzle 27 is 3 mm; the distance between the oil inlet nozzle 27 and the inlet end of the mixing pipe 28 is 3mm (see the attached figure 7 in the specification).
In order to verify the correctness of the invention, the invention performs the following calculation:
the application adopts the lifting crude oil to pass through the process of the side valve 5, the side valve 5 forms negative pressure in the interior by utilizing the principle of 'jet flow', so that the crude oil in a negative pressure oil layer can enter the side valve 5 under the action of the negative pressure, and the purpose of extracting the crude oil in the negative pressure oil layer is finally achieved. The structural design of the side valve 5 is designed on the basis of Luzhong 22331. According to the contents of page 226-228 in Luhong 22331.
Assuming that the outlet diameter of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5 of the present invention is
,
The calculation process of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:
the inlet function of the mixing tube (throat),
the flow coefficient of the oil inlet nozzle is measured,
power fluidFlow rate, m 3 /s；
Dynamic fluid gravity, N/m 3 ；
Working pressure, Pa; (2) working pressure:
in the formula:
pressure of the power fluid (oil) at the nozzle inlet, Pa;
pressure of the suction liquid (oil), Pa; (see the content in Hongmo 22331.
The invention is a suitable for the oil production string that the multi-oil reservoir combines to adopt, the oil reservoir depth of the general oil field in the world is about 1000-3000 meters at present, the deepest is about 3000-4000 meters, the stratum under 4500 meters is called the deep layer at present, because the invention is directed against the general oil field, its oil reservoir depth is about 1000-3000 meters
Crude oil having a density of
According to the pressure formula:
(g =9.8N/kg, the unit of h is m,
unit of (b) is kg/m 3 The unit of the pressure P is Pa), the pressure required by lifting the crude oil at the bottom of the well to the ground can be calculated
。
The outlet diameter of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5 in the present invention was confirmed as follows: the oil extraction process of the invention, in which the sucker rod 6 drives the plunger 3 to move up and down, is consistent with the oil extraction process of the sucker rod oil pump; therefore, according to the Anjingao 'oil well pump': 86 pages, it can be seen that the theoretical displacement of the sucker rod oil pump
In the range of
In oil production, actual yield
Generally the ratio of the theoretical yield
To lower, the ratio of the two is called pump efficiency
Is shown, i.e.
Under normal conditions, the pumping efficiency is
The working condition of the pump is considered to be good (see the content in Zhang Qi oil production engineering principle and design: 134 pages), and the actual yield of the sucker-rod oil well pump can be calculated according to the formula (3)
(ii) a Due to the separation and sealing functions of the plugging centralizer 31; the pressure of the crude oil below the seal centralizer 31 cannot be transmitted to the oil pipe 1 above it, but can only enter the oil pipe 1 above the seal centralizer 31 through the side valve 5, thus the actual production of the sucker rod pump, i.e. the production of equation (1), can be assumedA flow rate of the power fluid of
。
As can be seen from the calculation results in the formula (2), the depth of the oil layer
The pressure required by the bottom oil to lift to the ground can be calculated
. At present, oil layers all have certain oil layer pressure, the oil layer pressure is bigger, then oil is more easily lifted to the ground, when the oil layer pressure is smaller than the pressure required by the oil to be lifted to the ground, the oil cannot be lifted to the ground, therefore, in order to ensure that the oil in the oil layers enters the mixing pipe 28 in the side valve 5 through the suction chamber 12, the working pressure of the side valve 5 selects the maximum pressure required by bottom hole crude oil to be lifted to the ground, namely the working pressure of the formula (1)
。
The actual yield is calculated by the oil well pump passing formula (3) selected by the invention
I.e. the power fluid flow rate of formula (1) is
. When the flow rate of the power liquid is
Then, according to the formula and parameters of nozzle diameter in the formula (1), when the inlet function of the mixing tube (throat tube)
Flow coefficient of oil inlet nozzle
Maximum value is taken, and power fluid is severe
When taking the minimum, i.e.
The outlet diameter of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5
The minimum value is obtained by calculating the outlet diameter of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5 according to the equation (1)
When mixing tube (throat) entry function
Flow coefficient of oil inlet nozzle
Taking the minimum value, the power fluid gravity
When taking the maximum value, i.e.
The outlet diameter of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5
At the maximum, the outlet diameter of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5 is calculated according to equation (1)
Therefore, the flow rate of the power fluid can be obtained as
Then, the outlet diameter of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5 is calculated from the equation (1)
(ii) a (II) when the flow rate of the power liquid is
Then, according to the formula and parameters of nozzle diameter in the formula (1), when the inlet function of the mixing tube (throat tube)
Flow coefficient of oil inlet nozzle
Maximum value is taken and power fluid is severe
When taken to a minimum, i.e.
、
、
While the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5
The minimum value is obtained by calculating the outlet diameter of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5 according to the equation (1)
When mixing tube (throat) entry function
With oil-feeding nozzleCoefficient of flow
Taking the minimum value, the power fluid gravity
When taking the maximum value, i.e.
、
、
While the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5
At maximum, the outlet diameter of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5 is calculated according to equation (1):
therefore, the flow rate of the power fluid can be obtained as
When the outlet diameter of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5 is calculated according to the formula (1)
。
First, in the side valve 5 designed in the present invention, in order to improve the application range and the economical efficiency of the side valve 5 in the oil field, the intermediate value between the maximum value and the minimum value is generally adopted for the design of the outlet diameter of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5, so that the outlet diameter of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5 can be designed according to the calculation data of the outlet diameters of the nozzles 27 of the two groups of side valves 5
。
Secondly, according to the content of 53 pages in Luhong 223310, theory and application of jet pump technology, the oil inlet nozzle 27 is selected to be a contraction conical structure, and the cone angle is 13.5 degrees.
Thirdly, according to the content of page 228 in the theory and application of jet pump technology, the distance between the oil inlet nozzle 27 and the inlet end of the mixing pipe 28 is known as
(according to contents on page 133 in Luoman 223313170
) The distance between the oil nozzle 27 and the inlet end of the mixing tube 28 is calculated as
。
Fourthly, selecting the mixing pipe 28 to be a cylindrical structure according to the content of 54 pages in Luhong 22331.
Fifthly, according to the content of page 228 in Luhong 22331
(according to the content on pages 133 and 228 in Luoman 2233131
) The diameter of the mixing tube 28 is calculated to be
。
Sixthly, according to the content of page 228 in Luhong 22331
。
Seventhly, selecting the tail end of the suction chamber 12 to be inclined according to the content of 55 pages in Law of Hongmo 2233122331.
Eighthly, selecting an inlet half angle of the suction chamber 12 and the mixing pipe 28 to be 30 degrees according to the content of page 228 in Luzhonghong 22331.
Selecting a conical structure of the diffusion pipe 29 and the diffusion angle of the diffusion pipe 29 to be 7-8 degrees according to the contents of 55 pages and 228 pages in Luzhonghong 22331.
Tenthly, according to the content of page 55 in the theory and application of jet pump technology, the outlet diameter of the diffusion pipe 29 is known to be
。
The working pressure of the side valve 5 is calculated based on the above-mentioned known conditions
The calculation process is as follows:
according to the above known conditions, the pressure for a typical reservoir is
According to the formula
(in the formula:
the pressure, Pa, of the power fluid at the nozzle inlet;
pressure of the suction fluid (oil), Pa), the suction pressure at the oil inlet nozzle 27 can be calculatedForce of
. (see the content in Hongmo 22331.
When the oil production pipe suitable for multi-oil-layer combined production is used for oil production, the Christmas tree 2 drives the polished rod 11 to continuously reciprocate up and down under the coordination of other equipment (oil pumping units) outside a well. In the process of reciprocating motion of the polish rod 11, the polish rod 11 can drive the plunger 3 and the plugging centralizer 31 to reciprocate up and down in the oil pipe 1 through the sucker rod 6.
During the upward movement of the plunger 3 in the oil pipe 1, the floating valve ball 7 seals the oil passing hole A20 at the bottom of the plunger body 14 under the action of gravity, so that the plunger 3 is in a sealed state. In addition, because the plunger body 14 of the plunger 3 is connected with the inner wall of the oil pipe 1 in a sliding and sealing manner, negative pressure is formed in the oil pipe 1 below the plunger 3 in the process of moving the plunger 3 upwards, and under the action of the negative pressure, crude oil in a positive pressure oil layer passes through the sieve tube 9 and enters the inside of the oil pipe 1 after the fixed valve ball 8 is pushed open (see the attached figure 2 in the specification).
When the plunger 3 moves upwards to the upper limit position and stops moving, the plunger 3 is positioned below the side valve 5 (refer to the attached figure 3 in the specification), and the oil pipe 1 below the plunger 3 is filled with crude oil. When the plunger 3 moves downwards, the oil pipe 1 below the plunger 3 is filled with crude oil to jack the floating valve ball 7, so that the crude oil passes through the oil passing hole A20, the oil passing hole B21 and the oil passing hole C22 in sequence, passes through the plunger 3 and enters the oil pipe 1 above the plunger 3 (see the attached figure 4 of the specification). In the process, the fixed valve ball 8 seals the lower end of the oil pipe 1 under the action of the raw oil pressure.
After the plunger 3 is moved to the lower position, the crude oil below the plunger 3 will all pass through it and move into the oil pipe 1 above it. When the plunger 3 moves to the lower limit position and moves upwards, negative pressure is formed in the oil pipe 1 below the plunger 3, and under the action of the negative pressure, crude oil in a positive pressure oil layer penetrates through the sieve pipe 9 and enters the oil pipe 1 after the fixed valve ball 8 is jacked open. Meanwhile, the plunger 3 pushes the crude oil above the plunger to move upwards; in the process, because of the sealing and blocking of the plugging centralizer 31, crude oil can only enter the oil pipe 1 after passing through the side valve 5 and is finally discharged out of the Christmas tree 2 to finish oil extraction.
During the passage of the crude oil through the side valve 5, the crude oil first enters the oil inlet body 24 through the oil inlet passage 26 and is injected into the mixing pipe 28 through the oil inlet nozzle 27. The crude oil entering the mixing pipe 28 finally enters the oil pipe 1 through the diffuser pipe 29. During the process of injecting the crude oil from the oil inlet nozzle 27 into the mixing pipe 28 at a high speed, the pressure energy of the crude oil having a certain pressure is converted into velocity energy, so that a negative pressure is formed in the suction chamber 12 at the outlet portion of the oil inlet nozzle 27 due to ambient air being entrained by the jet flow. Under the action of the negative pressure, the crude oil in the negative pressure oil layer enters the mixing pipe 28 through the suction chamber 12 and enters the oil pipe 1 through the diffusion pipe 29 along with the crude oil sprayed from the oil inlet nozzle 27. Therefore, crude oil in the negative pressure oil layer enters the oil pipe 1 under the action of the jet flow of the side valve 5, and oil extraction is finally completed through external drainage in the Christmas tree 2, so that the exploitation of the negative pressure oil layer is completed.
And then the plunger 3 can continuously and repeatedly complete the actions in the ceaseless reciprocating motion process, so that the synchronous exploitation of the positive pressure oil layer and the negative pressure oil layer is completed.
In the process that the sucker rod 6 drives the plugging centralizer 31 to move up and down, the plugging centralizer 31 always moves in the oil pipe 1 between the inlet position of the oil inlet channel 26 of the side valve 5 and the outlet position of the diffusion pipe 29; when the plugging centralizer 31 moves, the upper oil pipe 1 and the lower oil pipe 1 can be spaced, so that the oil pipe 1 at the upper part of the plugging centralizer 31 keeps relatively small pressure, the aim of reducing the resistance of the crude oil sprayed out from the side valve 5 is fulfilled, and the side valve 5 can smoothly complete the 'jet flow' action.
Case object: actually measuring the flow pressure of a bottom-hole positive-pressure oil layer of a certain ground oil well in Xinjiang
Positive pressure oil layer depth of
Is negativeThe oil pressure of the oil layer near the well hole
Depth of oil reservoir under negative pressure
Severity of crude oil
。
The oil well adopts a rod oil pump to produce oil, the oil pump is a fixed shaft rod pump with a fixed bottom, and the displacement of the pump is
According to the formula of pressure gradient
The pressure gradient can be calculated as
So as to calculate the pressure of the power fluid lifted from the well bottom to the negative pressure oil reservoir, namely the oil pipe 1 is at
Pressure of power fluid
Due to dynamic fluid pressure thereinP d Oil pressure less than negative pressure oil layerP f Therefore, the existing oil well pump can only exploit positive pressure oil layers at the bottom of a well, and cannot exploit negative pressure oil layers.
The oil well adopts the oil extraction pipe column suitable for multi-oil-layer combined production, the adopted oil extraction pump is consistent with the oil extraction process of the rod oil pump, so the displacement of the oil extraction pump is
. Due to the side valve 5 of the inventionThe position is a negative pressure oil layer, the pressure of the power fluid at the inlet of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5
. Displacement of pump
Side valve 5 nozzle 27 exit diameter
Crude oil severity
Inlet function of mixing tube (throat)
Flow coefficient of oil inlet nozzle
The pressure of the power fluid at the inlet of the nozzle 27 of the side valve 5
Calculated in the formula (1) as follows:
the suction hydraulic pressure of the side valve suction inlet can be obtained from the above calculation
The oil pressure of the negative pressure oil layer of the oil well is
Earth pressure
Is higher than the suction liquid pressure at the inlet of the suction chamber 12 of the side valve 5
Therefore, the side valve 5 has a certain oil absorption effect on the oil layer where the side valve is located. In addition, the pressure of the negative pressure oil layer of most oil wells is positive, so when the multi-oil-layer exploitation is used in the application, the oil extraction column of the application has an oil absorption effect on the negative pressure oil layer, and therefore the purpose of multi-oil-layer synchronous exploitation is achieved.
The oil production pipe suitable for combined production of multiple oil layers has compact structure and smart design; the oil pipe is provided with a side valve, and the side valve is communicated with a negative pressure oil layer; after the design is adopted, when the oil extraction pipe column is used for oil pumping, and the lifted crude oil passes through the side valve, the side valve can form negative pressure inside by utilizing the principle of 'jet flow', so that the crude oil in a negative pressure oil layer can enter the side valve under the action of the negative pressure, and is finally extracted through the oil extraction pipe column. The oil production pipe realizes the function of co-production of a negative pressure oil layer and a positive pressure oil layer in an overlapped oil layer, and solves the problem that the existing multi-oil-layer oil production structure can only produce the positive pressure oil layer; the requirement of the enterprise for multi-oil layer combined mining is met.
Claims (1)
1. A kind of oil production string suitable for the multiple oil reservoir co-production, it is by the oil line (1), the production tree (2), the plunger (3), the packer (4), the side valve (5), the sucker rod (6), the fixed valve ball (8) and sieve tube (9) form; an oil pipe (1) is arranged in a casing (10) of the superposed oil layers; the bottom of the oil pipe (1) is provided with a sieve tube (9); the wellhead part of the superposed oil layer is provided with a Christmas tree (2); a polish rod (11) is arranged in the Christmas tree (2); the polish rod (11) extends to the inside of the oil pipe (1); the method is characterized in that: the lower end of the polish rod (11) is connected with a sucker rod (6) through a joint (13); the middle part of the sucker rod (6) is provided with a plugging centralizer (31); the lower end of the sucker rod (6) is fixedly provided with a plunger (3); the plugging centralizer (31) and the plunger (3) are connected with the inner wall of the oil pipe (1) in a sliding and sealing manner; an upper sealing partition plate (15) and a lower sealing partition plate (16) are arranged in the oil pipe (1) below the plunger (3) at intervals; the upper sealing clapboard (15) and the lower sealing clapboard (16) are oppositely provided with oil pumping holes (17); a fixed valve ball (8) is movably arranged in the space between the upper sealing partition plate (15) and the lower sealing partition plate (16); the diameter of the fixed valve ball (8) is larger than the aperture of the oil pumping hole (17); the fixed valve ball (8) is intermittently and hermetically connected with an oil pumping hole (17) on the lower sealing clapboard (16); a packer (4) is arranged between the casing (10) and the oil pipe (1) between the positive pressure oil layer and the negative pressure oil layer of the superposed oil layers; a side valve (5) is arranged on the oil pipe (1) above the packer (4); the side valve (5) is communicated with the negative pressure oil layer through an oil outlet (30) arranged on the sleeve (10); the side valve (5) is composed of an oil outlet body (23) and an oil inlet body (24); an oil outlet body (23) is embedded in one side of the oil pipe (1); the lower end of the oil outlet body (23) is fixedly provided with an oil inlet body (24) through a fastening bolt (25); the lower end of the oil inlet body (24) is connected with the oil pipe (1) in an embedded manner; a mixing pipe (28) is arranged in the middle of the oil outlet body (23); one end of the mixing pipe (28) is provided with a diffusion pipe (29); the upper end of the diffusion pipe (29) is communicated with the inside of the oil pipe (1); the oil outlet body (23) at the other end of the mixing pipe (28) is vertically provided with a suction chamber (12); an L-shaped oil inlet channel (26) is arranged in the oil inlet body (24) at one side of the suction chamber (12); one end of the oil inlet channel (26) is provided with an oil inlet nozzle (27); the oil inlet nozzle (27) extends to the inside of the suction chamber (12); the other end of the oil inlet channel (26) is communicated with the interior of the oil pipe (1); the oil inlet nozzle (27) is of a contraction conical structure, and the cone angle of the oil inlet nozzle is 13.5 degrees; the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle of the oil inlet nozzle (27) is 3 mm; the distance between the oil inlet nozzle (27) and the inlet end of the mixing pipe (28) is 3 mm; the mixing pipe (28) is of a cylindrical structure, and the length of the mixing pipe (28) is 30 mm; the diameter of the mixing pipe (28) is 6 mm; the tail end of the suction chamber (12) is inclined and is communicated with the mixing pipe (28); the half angle of the inlet of the suction chamber (12) and the mixing pipe (28) is 30 degrees; the diffuser pipe (29) is in a conical structure; the diffusion angle of the diffusion pipe (29) is 7-8 degrees; the diameter of the outlet of the diffusion pipe (29) is 18 mm;
the plunger (3) consists of a plunger body (14) and a floating valve ball (7); the lower end of the sucker rod (6) is fixedly provided with a plunger body (14); the plunger body (14) is of a hollow structure; an upper partition plate (18) and a lower partition plate (19) are arranged in the plunger body (14) at intervals; the bottom parts of the lower partition plate (19) and the plunger body (14) are respectively provided with oil passing holes A (20) in opposite directions; a floating valve ball (7) is movably arranged in the plunger body (14) below the lower partition plate (19); the diameter of the floating valve ball (7) is larger than that of the oil passing hole A (20); the traveling valve ball (7) is intermittently and hermetically connected with an oil passing hole A (20) at the bottom of the plunger body (14); the upper partition plate (18) is provided with an oil passing hole B (21); a plurality of groups of oil passing holes C (22) are symmetrically formed in the upper end of the plunger body (14);
when the oil production pipe suitable for multi-oil layer combined production carries out oil production, the production tree (2) drives the polished rod (11) to continuously reciprocate up and down under the coordination of other equipment outside a well; in the process of reciprocating motion of the polish rod (11), the polish rod (11) can drive the plunger (3) and the plugging centralizer (31) to reciprocate up and down in the oil pipe (1) through the sucker rod (6);
in the upward movement process of the plunger (3) in the oil pipe (1), the floating valve ball (7) seals the oil passing hole A (20) at the bottom of the plunger body (14) under the action of gravity, so that the plunger (3) is in a sealed state; in addition, as the plunger body (14) of the plunger (3) is connected with the inner wall of the oil pipe (1) in a sliding and sealing manner, negative pressure is formed in the oil pipe (1) below the plunger (3) in the upward moving process of the plunger (3), and under the action of the negative pressure, crude oil in a positive pressure oil layer penetrates through the sieve pipe (9) and pushes the fixed valve ball (8) open to enter the inside of the oil pipe (1);
when the plunger (3) moves upwards to the upper limit position and stops moving, the plunger (3) is positioned below the side valve (5), and the oil pipe (1) below the plunger (3) is filled with crude oil; when the plunger (3) moves downwards, crude oil filled in the oil pipe (1) below the plunger (3) jacks up the floating valve ball (7) so that the crude oil sequentially passes through the oil passing hole A (20), the oil passing hole B (21) and the oil passing hole C (22) and then passes through the plunger (3) to enter the oil pipe (1) at the upper part of the plunger (3); in the process, the fixed valve ball (8) seals the lower end of the oil pipe (1) under the action of the original oil pressure;
after the plunger (3) runs to the lower position, the crude oil below the plunger (3) passes through the plunger and runs into the oil pipe (1) above the plunger; when the plunger (3) moves to the lower limit position and moves upwards, negative pressure is formed in the oil pipe (1) below the plunger (3), and under the action of the negative pressure, crude oil in a positive pressure oil layer penetrates through the sieve pipe (9) and pushes the fixed valve ball (8) open to enter the oil pipe (1); meanwhile, the plunger (3) pushes the crude oil above the plunger to move upwards; in the process, because of the sealing and blocking of the plugging centralizer (31), crude oil can only enter the oil pipe (1) after passing through the side valve (5) and is finally discharged out through the Christmas tree (2) to finish oil extraction;
during the process that crude oil passes through the side valve (5), the crude oil firstly enters an oil inlet body (24) through an oil inlet channel (26) and is injected into a mixing pipe (28) through an oil inlet nozzle (27); the crude oil entering the mixing pipe (28) finally enters the oil pipe (1) through the diffusion pipe (29); during the process that the crude oil is injected into the mixing pipe (28) from the oil inlet nozzle (27) at a high speed, the pressure energy of the crude oil with certain pressure is converted into velocity energy, so that the ambient air is entrained by jet flow in the suction chamber (12) at the outlet part of the oil inlet nozzle (27) to form negative pressure; under the action of the negative pressure, crude oil in a negative pressure oil layer enters the mixing pipe (28) through the suction chamber (12) and enters the oil pipe (1) through the diffusion pipe (29) along with the crude oil sprayed by the oil inlet nozzle (27); crude oil in the negative pressure oil layer enters the oil pipe (1) under the action of the jet flow of the side valve (5) and is finally discharged outside through the Christmas tree (2) to finish oil extraction, so that the exploitation of the negative pressure oil layer is finished;
then the plunger (3) can continuously and repeatedly complete the actions in the ceaseless reciprocating motion process, so that the synchronous exploitation of the positive pressure oil layer and the negative pressure oil layer is completed;
in the process that the sucker rod (6) drives the plugging centralizer (31) to move up and down, the plugging centralizer (31) always moves in the oil pipe (1) between the inlet position of the oil inlet channel (26) of the side valve (5) and the outlet position of the diffusion pipe (29); when the plugging centralizer (31) moves, the oil pipes (1) above and below the plugging centralizer can be separated, so that the oil pipes (1) above the plugging centralizer (31) keep relatively small pressure, the aim of reducing the ejection resistance of crude oil from the side valve (5) is fulfilled, and the side valve (5) can smoothly complete 'jet flow' action.
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| CN2679359Y (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2005-02-16 | 盘锦金盘科技有限责任公司 | Composite well negative pressure sub-commingled prodn pumping unit |
| CN2711431Y (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2005-07-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司河南油田分公司石油工程技术研究院 | Downhole jet pump |
| RU166990U1 (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-12-20 | Публичное акционерное общество "Татнефть" им. В.Д. Шашина | DEVICE FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY SEPARATE OPERATION OF TWO LAYERS IN A WELL |
| CN106401541B (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2019-03-19 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of laminated oil extraction structure adopted of heavy wool |
| CN107420075B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2023-07-14 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Upper low-pressure negative pressure separate mining device |
| CN107165606B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2023-07-21 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | High-pressure negative-pressure separate mining device on upper layer |
| CN111101909A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2020-05-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Water jet assisted oil recovery method for bottom of difficultly-used reservoir |
| CN111101900A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2020-05-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Oil well is supplementary exploitation instrument in pit |
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