CN111500914A - Hard alloy for numerical control machine tool and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hard alloy for numerical control machine tool and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111500914A CN111500914A CN202010339153.4A CN202010339153A CN111500914A CN 111500914 A CN111500914 A CN 111500914A CN 202010339153 A CN202010339153 A CN 202010339153A CN 111500914 A CN111500914 A CN 111500914A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of hard alloy for a numerical control machine tool, in particular to hard alloy for the numerical control machine tool and a preparation method thereof, wherein the hard alloy mainly comprises raw materials of tungsten carbide, cobalt, ruthenium powder, 0.5-1 part of samarium powder, carbonyl nickel powder, vanadium carbide, tantalum carbide, niobium carbide and titanium carbide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hard alloy for a numerical control machine tool, in particular to hard alloy for the numerical control machine tool and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The numerical control machine tool is a short name of a digital control machine tool (Computer numerical control machine tools), and is an automatic machine tool provided with a program control system. The control system is capable of logically processing and decoding a program defined by a control code or other symbolic instructions, represented by coded numbers, which are input to the numerical control device via the information carrier. After operation, the numerical control device sends out various control signals to control the action of the machine tool, and the parts are automatically machined according to the shape and the size required by the drawing. The numerical control machine tool well solves the problem of machining of complex, precise, small-batch and various parts, is a flexible and high-efficiency automatic machine tool, represents the development direction of the control technology of modern machine tools, and is a typical mechanical and electrical integration product.
The parts such as the anchor clamps on the digit control machine tool adopt carbide to support, and this type of part has better requirement to hardness, toughness and wear resistance, and current carbide spare part for the digit control machine tool adds comparatively expensive batching for improving hardness, toughness and wear resistance more, leads to that although each aspect performance is promoted, carbide cost is improved relatively. Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art is how to provide a cemented carbide for a numerical control machine tool, which has the advantages of low cost, high hardness, strong toughness and excellent wear resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hard alloy for a numerical control machine tool and a preparation method thereof, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and improves the hardness, toughness and wear resistance of the hard alloy on the basis of reducing the preparation cost of the hard alloy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a hard alloy for a numerical control machine tool is mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of tungsten carbide, 0.1-0.6 part of cobalt, 0.01-0.08 part of ruthenium powder, 0.5-1 part of samarium powder, 0.1-0.3 part of carbonyl nickel powder, 0.1-0.8 part of vanadium carbide, 5-8 parts of tantalum carbide, 0.8-1.5 parts of niobium carbide and 1-2 parts of titanium carbide.
Further, the material mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of tungsten carbide, 0.8 part of cobalt, 0.05 part of ruthenium powder, 0.7 part of samarium powder, 0.2 part of nickel carbonyl powder, 0.4 part of vanadium carbide, 6 parts of tantalum carbide, 1.1 part of niobium carbide and 1.5 parts of titanium carbide.
Further, the particle size of tungsten carbide is 0.2-0.3 μm, the particle size of cobalt is 0.4-0.8 μm, the particle size of ruthenium powder is 0.5-0.8 μm, the particle size of samarium powder is 0.2-0.8 μm, the particle size of nickel carbonyl powder is 0.2-0.5 μm, the particle size of vanadium carbide is 0.2-0.6 μm, the particle size of tantalum carbide is 1-1.5 μm, the particle size of niobium carbide is 1-1.5 μm, and the particle size of titanium carbide is 1-2 μm.
A preparation method of hard alloy for a numerical control machine tool comprises the following steps:
s1, taking all the raw materials according to the specified mass part, uniformly mixing, adding a ball milling medium, placing the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the liquid-solid ratio is 600-650m L/kg, the ball-material ratio is 7.5-9:1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is controlled at 200-260r/min, and the ball milling time is 40-60h, so as to obtain a wet mixed material A;
s2: putting the wet mixture A obtained in the step S1 into a dryer for drying for 30-60min, recovering a ball milling medium, then carrying out circulating cooling by using chilled water, screening to obtain a mixture B, and then carrying out wax doping and granulation on the mixture B in a sealed state to obtain a mixture C;
s3: carrying out isostatic pressing on the mixture C obtained in the step S2, controlling the pressure at 180-300MPa, and preparing a green compact;
s4: and (4) preparing the high-pressure and high-temperature resistant hard alloy from the pressed compact prepared in the step S3 by adopting a low-pressure positive carbon high-temperature sintering method.
Further, the ball milling medium in step S1 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 97.5-99.2 Wt% of absolute alcohol and 0.8-2.5 Wt% of oleic acid.
Further, the low-pressure positive carbon high-temperature sintering method in step S4 includes the following steps:
(1) charging and vacuumizing;
(2) heating to 350-;
(3) heating to 1100 ℃ and 1300 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 0.5-2 h;
(4) carburizing at the temperature of 1400 ℃ and 1500 ℃ for 0.5-2 h;
(5) heating to the final sintering temperature of 1600 ℃, filling argon gas for pressurization, controlling the pressure at 5-10MPa, and keeping the temperature and pressurizing for 1-2 h; and (5) reducing the pressure, cooling and discharging.
The alloy has the advantages that the alloy has α -Co with two crystal structures of hexagonal structures and β -Co with face-centered cubic structure, β -Co with the hexagonal structure has excellent deformation coordination, β -Co has excellent strength, β -Co is converted to β -Co at the high temperature of above 400 ℃, in the prior art, metallic zirconium or rare earth elements are mostly selected to be added to enhance a Co bonding phase, so that the transformation from α -Co to β -Co is inhibited, and the hard alloy with stronger toughness is obtained, however, the method reduces the hardness of the hard alloy to a certain extent.
In addition, the vanadium carbide is added to reduce the sensitivity of the performance of the hard alloy to the sintering temperature and time, so that the range of the sintering temperature and time for which the magnetic force and hardness of the hard alloy are qualified is enlarged; adding a composite grain growth inhibitor consisting of tantalum carbide, niobium carbide and titanium carbide to inhibit the growth of tungsten carbide grains, so that the grain size of WC in the hard alloy is less than 0.2 mu m, and further enhancing the hardness of the hard alloy; and a small amount of carbonyl nickel powder is added, so that the infiltration is uniform in the powder sintering process, and the toughness of the hard alloy is further improved.
Compared with the prior art, the hard alloy for the numerical control machine tool and the preparation method thereof have the advantages that the cost of raw materials is reduced, samarium promotes α -Co to be partially converted to β -Co under the action of high temperature, the overall toughness of the alloy is improved, meanwhile, metal ruthenium is separated out to form crystals of hexagonal unit cells, hardness loss of the alloy caused by reduction of α -Co is supplemented by the separated ruthenium crystals, the combination of ruthenium and cobalt can improve the toughness and ensure that the alloy keeps high hardness, a small amount of samarium crystals are separated out and are uniformly distributed in α -Co with a hexagonal structure and ruthenium with a hexagonal structure, the overall compactness of the alloy is enhanced, and the wear resistance is improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A hard alloy for a numerical control machine tool is mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of tungsten carbide, 0.8 part of cobalt, 0.05 part of ruthenium powder, 0.7 part of samarium powder, 0.2 part of nickel carbonyl powder, 0.4 part of vanadium carbide, 6 parts of tantalum carbide, 1.1 part of niobium carbide and 1.5 parts of titanium carbide. The particle size of the tungsten carbide is 0.25 mu m, the particle size of the cobalt is 0.6 mu m, the particle size of the ruthenium powder is 0.6 mu m, the particle size of the samarium powder is 0.5 mu m, the particle size of the nickel carbonyl powder is 0.3 mu m, the particle size of the vanadium carbide is 0.5 mu m, the particle size of the tantalum carbide is 1.2 mu m, the particle size of the niobium carbide is 1.2 mu m, and the particle size of the titanium carbide is 1.8 mu m.
A preparation method of hard alloy for a numerical control machine tool comprises the following steps:
s1, taking all raw materials according to the specified mass portion, adding a ball milling medium after uniformly mixing, placing the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the liquid-solid ratio is 620m L/kg, the ball-material ratio is 8:1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is controlled at 220r/min, and the ball milling time is 50 hours, so as to obtain a wet mixture A;
s2: putting the wet mixture A obtained in the step S1 into a dryer for drying for 45min, recovering a ball milling medium, then carrying out circulating cooling by using chilled water, screening to obtain a mixture B, and then carrying out wax doping and granulation on the mixture B in a sealed state to obtain a mixture C;
s3: carrying out isostatic pressing on the mixture C obtained in the step S2, controlling the pressure at 250MPa, and preparing into a green compact;
s4: and (4) preparing the high-pressure and high-temperature resistant hard alloy from the pressed compact prepared in the step S3 by adopting a low-pressure positive carbon high-temperature sintering method.
In this embodiment, the ball milling medium in step S1 includes the following components by weight percent: 98.2 Wt% of absolute alcohol and 1.8 Wt% of oleic acid.
In this embodiment, the low-pressure positive carbon high-temperature sintering method in step S4 includes the following steps:
(1) charging and vacuumizing;
(2) heating to 450 ℃ for dewaxing, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours;
(3) heating to 1280 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1.5 h;
(4) carburizing at 1450 ℃ for 1.2 h;
(5) heating to the final sintering temperature of 1600 ℃, filling argon gas for pressurization, controlling the pressure at 8MPa, and keeping the temperature and pressurizing for 1.5 h; and (5) reducing the pressure, cooling and discharging.
Example 2
A hard alloy for a numerical control machine tool is mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of tungsten carbide, 0.1 part of cobalt, 0.01 part of ruthenium powder, 0.5 part of samarium powder, 0.1 part of nickel carbonyl powder, 0.1 part of vanadium carbide, 5 parts of tantalum carbide, 0.8 part of niobium carbide and 1 part of titanium carbide. The particle size of the tungsten carbide is 0.2 mu m, the particle size of the cobalt is 0.4 mu m, the particle size of the ruthenium powder is 0.5 mu m, the particle size of the samarium powder is 0.2 mu m, the particle size of the nickel carbonyl powder is 0.2 mu m, the particle size of the vanadium carbide is 0.2 mu m, the particle size of the tantalum carbide is 1 mu m, the particle size of the niobium carbide is 1 mu m, and the particle size of the titanium carbide is 1 mu m.
A preparation method of hard alloy for a numerical control machine tool comprises the following steps:
s1, taking all raw materials according to the specified mass portion, adding a ball milling medium after uniformly mixing, placing the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the liquid-solid ratio is 600m L/kg, the ball-material ratio is 9:1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is controlled at 260r/min, and the ball milling time is 60 hours, so as to obtain a wet mixed material A;
s2: putting the wet mixture A obtained in the step S1 into a dryer for drying for 30min, recovering a ball milling medium, then carrying out circulating cooling by using chilled water, screening to obtain a mixture B, and then carrying out wax doping and granulation on the mixture B in a sealed state to obtain a mixture C;
s3: carrying out isostatic pressing on the mixture C obtained in the step S2, controlling the pressure at 180MPa, and preparing a green compact;
s4: and (4) preparing the high-pressure and high-temperature resistant hard alloy from the pressed compact prepared in the step S3 by adopting a low-pressure positive carbon high-temperature sintering method.
In this embodiment, the ball milling medium in step S1 includes the following components by weight percent: 97.5 Wt% of absolute alcohol and 2.5 Wt% of oleic acid.
In this embodiment, the low-pressure positive carbon high-temperature sintering method in step S4 includes the following steps:
(1) charging and vacuumizing;
(2) heating to 350 deg.C for dewaxing, and keeping the temperature for 3 h;
(3) heating to 1100 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h;
(4) carburizing at the low temperature of 1400 ℃ for 2 h;
(5) heating to the final sintering temperature of 1600 ℃, filling argon gas for pressurization, controlling the pressure at 5MPa, and keeping the temperature and pressurizing for 2 h; and (5) reducing the pressure, cooling and discharging.
Example 3
A hard alloy for a numerical control machine tool is mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of tungsten carbide, 0.6 part of cobalt, 0.08 part of ruthenium powder, 1 part of samarium powder, 0.3 part of carbonyl nickel powder, 0.8 part of vanadium carbide, 8 parts of tantalum carbide, 1.5 parts of niobium carbide and 2 parts of titanium carbide. The particle size of the tungsten carbide is 0.3 mu m, the particle size of the cobalt is 0.8 mu m, the particle size of the ruthenium powder is 0.8 mu m, the particle size of the samarium powder is 0.8 mu m, the particle size of the nickel carbonyl powder is 0.5 mu m, the particle size of the vanadium carbide is 0.6 mu m, the particle size of the tantalum carbide is 1.5 mu m, the particle size of the niobium carbide is 1.5 mu m, and the particle size of the titanium carbide is 2 mu m.
A preparation method of hard alloy for a numerical control machine tool comprises the following steps:
s1, taking all raw materials according to the specified mass portion, adding a ball milling medium after uniformly mixing, placing the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the liquid-solid ratio is 650m L/kg, the ball-material ratio is 7.5:1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is controlled at 200r/min, and the ball milling time is 40 hours, so as to obtain a wet mixed material A;
s2: drying the wet mixture A obtained in the step S1 in a dryer for 60min, recovering a ball milling medium, circularly cooling by using chilled water, screening to obtain a mixture B, and then carrying out wax doping and granulation on the mixture B in a sealed state to obtain a mixture C;
s3: carrying out isostatic pressing on the mixture C obtained in the step S2, controlling the pressure at 300MPa, and preparing into a green compact;
s4: and (4) preparing the high-pressure and high-temperature resistant hard alloy from the pressed compact prepared in the step S3 by adopting a low-pressure positive carbon high-temperature sintering method.
In this embodiment, the ball milling medium in step S1 includes the following components by weight percent: 99.2 Wt% of absolute alcohol and 0.8 Wt% of oleic acid.
In this embodiment, the low-pressure positive carbon high-temperature sintering method in step S4 includes the following steps:
(1) charging and vacuumizing;
(2) heating to 600 ℃ for dewaxing, and keeping the temperature for 1 h;
(3) heating to 1300 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 0.5 h;
(4) carburizing at 1500 ℃ for 0.5 h;
(5) heating to the final sintering temperature of 1600 ℃, filling argon gas for pressurization, controlling the pressure at 10MPa, and keeping the temperature and pressurizing for 1 h; and (5) reducing the pressure, cooling and discharging.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 has substantially the same composition as the starting material of example 1, except that: the ruthenium powder is added according to different parts by weight, and the cobalt and the ruthenium powder are added according to the parts by weight of 1:1, namely the parts by weight of the raw materials of the comparative example 1 are as follows: 80 parts of tungsten carbide, 0.1 part of cobalt, 0.1 part of ruthenium powder, 0.5 part of samarium powder, 0.1 part of nickel carbonyl powder, 0.1 part of vanadium carbide, 5 parts of tantalum carbide, 0.8 part of niobium carbide and 1 part of titanium carbide.
Comparative example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Test example 1
Hardness tests were performed on the cemented carbides prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 using a rockwell hardness tester;
the bending strength of the hard alloys prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example 1 is detected by a universal material testing machine;
the compression strength of the hard alloys prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example 1 is detected by a compression testing machine;
the hard alloys prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were subjected to average grain size detection using a metallographic microscope;
the fracture toughness of the hard alloy prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the hard alloy prepared in the comparative example 1 are detected by adopting a U.S. MTSNEW810 hydraulic servo universal material testing machine;
the hard alloys prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example 1 are subjected to wear resistance detection by using an M L-100 abrasive wear tester;
the results are shown in table 1:
as can be seen from Table 1, the carbide grain size of the hard alloy prepared by the invention is as low as 0.11 mu m, the hardness is as high as 96.9HRA, and the fracture toughness reaches 6.9MPa.m1/2Bending strength up to 3297N/mm2The compressive strength reaches 5109MPa, and the minimum abrasion value of the abrasive particles is only 0.06cm3/105R. Contrary to comparative example 1, the ruthenium powder and the cobalt are added according to the weight ratio of 1:1 in comparative example 1, so that the compatibility is unreasonable, and the overall performance of the hard alloy is reduced.
The above embodiments are only specific examples of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to the product forms and styles of the above embodiments, and any suitable changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the claims of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The hard alloy for the numerical control machine tool is characterized in that: the material mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of tungsten carbide, 0.1-0.6 part of cobalt, 0.01-0.08 part of ruthenium powder, 0.5-1 part of samarium powder, 0.1-0.3 part of carbonyl nickel powder, 0.1-0.8 part of vanadium carbide, 5-8 parts of tantalum carbide, 0.8-1.5 parts of niobium carbide and 1-2 parts of titanium carbide.
2. The cemented carbide for a numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein: the material mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of tungsten carbide, 0.8 part of cobalt, 0.05 part of ruthenium powder, 0.7 part of samarium powder, 0.2 part of nickel carbonyl powder, 0.4 part of vanadium carbide, 6 parts of tantalum carbide, 1.1 part of niobium carbide and 1.5 parts of titanium carbide.
3. The cemented carbide for a numerical control machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the particle size of the tungsten carbide is 0.2-0.3 mu m, the particle size of the cobalt is 0.4-0.8 mu m, the particle size of the ruthenium powder is 0.5-0.8 mu m, the particle size of the samarium powder is 0.2-0.8 mu m, the particle size of the nickel carbonyl powder is 0.2-0.5 mu m, the particle size of the vanadium carbide is 0.2-0.6 mu m, the particle size of the tantalum carbide is 1-1.5 mu m, the particle size of the niobium carbide is 1-1.5 mu m, and the particle size of the titanium carbide is 1-2 mu m.
4. The method for preparing a cemented carbide for a numerical control machine according to claim 3, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, taking all the raw materials according to the specified mass part, uniformly mixing, adding a ball milling medium, placing the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the liquid-solid ratio is 600-650m L/kg, the ball-material ratio is 7.5-9:1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is controlled at 200-260r/min, and the ball milling time is 40-60h, so as to obtain a wet mixed material A;
s2: putting the wet mixture A obtained in the step S1 into a dryer for drying for 30-60min, recovering a ball milling medium, then carrying out circulating cooling by using chilled water, screening to obtain a mixture B, and then carrying out wax doping and granulation on the mixture B in a sealed state to obtain a mixture C;
s3: carrying out isostatic pressing on the mixture C obtained in the step S2, controlling the pressure at 180-300MPa, and preparing a green compact;
s4: and (4) preparing the high-pressure and high-temperature resistant hard alloy from the pressed compact prepared in the step S3 by adopting a low-pressure positive carbon high-temperature sintering method.
5. The method for preparing a cemented carbide for a numerical control machine according to claim 4, wherein: the ball milling medium in the step S1 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 97.5-99.2 Wt% of absolute alcohol and 0.8-2.5 Wt% of oleic acid.
6. The method for preparing a cemented carbide for a numerical control machine according to claim 4, wherein: the low-pressure positive carbon high-temperature sintering method in the step S4 comprises the following steps:
(1) charging and vacuumizing;
(2) heating to 350-;
(3) heating to 1100 ℃ and 1300 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 0.5-2 h;
(4) carburizing at the temperature of 1400 ℃ and 1500 ℃ for 0.5-2 h;
(5) heating to the final sintering temperature of 1600 ℃, filling argon gas for pressurization, controlling the pressure at 5-10MPa, and keeping the temperature and pressurizing for 1-2 h; and (5) reducing the pressure, cooling and discharging.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113136518A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-20 | 四川德克普数控机床有限公司 | Manufacturing method of round nose milling cutter and numerically controlled grinder thereof |
| CN113136518B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-03-01 | 四川德克普数控机床有限公司 | Manufacturing method of round nose milling cutter and numerically controlled grinder thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200807 |