Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be either a circuit connection or a communication connection.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat recovery system of a hybrid electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a heat recovery system of a hybrid electric vehicle, which includes a heat recovery circuit, wherein the heat recovery circuit includes a second water pump 7, a heater 8, a cooler 14, a second expansion tank 11, a third water pump 12, a battery pack 13, and the second water pump 7, which are sequentially connected through a coolant pipeline.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in an embodiment of the present specification, the method further includes: a motor loop;
the motor circuit includes: the system comprises a first expansion kettle 1, a first water pump 2, a charger 3, a motor 4 and a four-way valve 5 which are connected in series through a cooling liquid pipeline in sequence, wherein the outlet end of the motor is connected with the first inlet end of the four-way valve 5, and the first outlet end of the four-way valve 5 is connected with the inlet end of the first expansion kettle 1;
a second outlet end of the four-way valve 5 is connected with an inlet end of the second water pump 7, and a second inlet end of the four-way valve 5 is connected with an outlet end of the battery pack 13.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in an embodiment of the present specification, the heat recovery circuit further includes: a first three-way valve 6 and a first check valve 15;
the inlet end of the first three-way valve 6 is connected with the outlet end of the cooler 14, the first outlet end of the first three-way valve 6 is connected with the second inlet end of the four-way valve 5, and the second outlet end of the first three-way valve 6 is connected with the water inlet end of the second expansion kettle 11;
the inlet end of the first check valve 15 is connected with the outlet end of the cooler 14, and the outlet end of the first check valve 15 is connected with the second inlet end of the four-way valve 5.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in an embodiment of the present specification, the heat recovery circuit further includes: the inlet end of the third three-way valve 10 is connected with the outlet end of the heater 8, the first outlet end of the third three-way valve 10 is connected with the inlet end of the cooler 14, the second outlet end of the third three-way valve 10 is connected with the inlet end of the warm air core 9, and the outlet end of the warm air core 9 is connected with the outlet end of the cooler.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in an embodiment of the present specification, the method further includes: a low temperature heat sink 16;
the motor loop further comprises a fourth three-way valve 17, wherein the inlet end of the fourth three-way valve 17 is connected with one end of the motor 4, the first outlet end of the fourth three-way valve 17 is connected with the first inlet end of the four-way valve 5, the second outlet end of the fourth three-way valve 17 is connected with the inlet end of the low-temperature radiator 16, and the outlet end of the low-temperature radiator 16 is connected with the first inlet end of the four-way valve 5.
Specifically, the first expansion water bottle 1 is used for when the engine operates, coolant liquid can be in the motor loop and incessantly circulate, can flow through first expansion water bottle 1 midway, if the pressure is too high, or the coolant liquid is excessive, unnecessary gas and coolant liquid will flow out from the bypass water course of first expansion water bottle 1, avoid cooling system pressure too high, cause the bad consequence of violence pipe. The first water pump 2 is used for driving the directional flow of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid pipeline. The charger 3 is used to provide voltage or current conversion for the motor 4. The motor 4 is used to drive the vehicle.
It should be noted that the charger 3, the motor 4, and the warm air core 9 are not directly contacted with the coolant pipeline, but are all parts that can be heated or cooled by the coolant pipeline. It is to be understood that the cooling liquid is not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present specification, and may be set according to the actual situation. In some possible embodiments, the electric machine 4 may comprise a front electric machine for driving the front wheels of the vehicle and a rear electric machine for driving the rear wheels of the vehicle.
Specifically, the low-temperature radiator 16 mainly functions to cool down the motor circuit or the battery circuit.
A Chiller: the heat exchanger is used for heat exchange between the cooling liquid and the refrigerant by passing the refrigerant through one side and the cooling liquid through the other side, and mainly aims at cooling the cooling liquid or recovering heat in the cooling liquid.
Heater 8 HVH: the liquid heating heater (PTC) is mainly used for providing a heat source for the passenger compartment or the battery in winter.
The embodiment of the specification provides a hybrid vehicle heat recovery system, can realize utilizing the heat that motor 4 produced to heat passenger cabin when motor 4 generates heat, has avoided thermal loss, has improved the availability factor of the energy, has reduced the loss of whole car energy, improves hybrid vehicle's driving mileage simultaneously to the system structure that this application provided is clear, with low costs, safer.
Specifically, a second three-way valve 17 may be further disposed in the motor circuit, the second three-way valve 17 may be provided with two outlet ends and an inlet end, the first inlet end and the second inlet end may be respectively connected to the first inlet end of the four-way valve 5 and the inlet end of the low temperature radiator 16, and the inlet end of the second three-way valve 17 is connected to the motor 4.
Illustratively, when the battery pack 13 does not need to be heated by the heat energy generated by the motor 4, the four-way valve 5 may be controlled to close the second inlet port and the second outlet port, and open the first inlet port and the first outlet port, so that the cooling liquid does not flow through the battery circuit, and the self-circulation of the motor circuit is realized, so as to achieve the function of cooling the motor 4. Under the condition, the motor loop is in a self-heat-insulation state, the heat of the motor loop cannot be recycled, and the cooling liquid of the motor loop does not need to be cooled through a radiator.
When the passenger compartment has no heating requirement, but the temperature setting of the front and the secondary drives is different, the heat of the motor 4 is required to be used for heating the warm air core body 9 at this time, and the temperature of cold air passing through the warm air core body 9 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the temperature air door, so that the adjusting effect of different temperature areas is realized, and meanwhile, the motor loop can also be cooled.
For example, when the passenger compartment needs to be heated by the heater 8 alone, the first check valve 15 may be controlled to be opened, and the first water outlet of the third three-way valve 10 may be closed, so that the second water pump 7, the heater 8, the third three-way valve 10, the warm air core 9, and the first check valve 15 form an individual heat circulation loop.
Illustratively, when the motor 4, the battery pack 13 and the passenger compartment simultaneously need to be heated by the heater 8, the second three-way valve 17 and the first three-way valve 6 may be controlled such that the second water pump 7, the heater 8, the third three-way valve 10, the warm air core 9, the first three-way valve 6, the second expansion tank 11, the third water body 12, the battery pack 13, the four-way valve 5, the first expansion tank 1, the first water pump 2, the charger 3, the motor 4, the four-way valve 5 and the second water pump 7 constitute a single heat circulation loop.
Specifically, the battery pack 13 is used for providing electric power for the hybrid electric vehicle, the battery pack 13 may be provided with a plurality of battery packs, the battery packs 13 and the second water pump 7 are connected by coolant pipelines, and the coolant pipelines are connected with the heat dissipation fins of the battery packs 13 so as to heat or cool the battery packs 13. The cooler 14 may be a heat exchanger or a chiller.
For example, the battery circuit may be self-cycling when the battery pack 13 needs to maintain a constant temperature.
When the battery pack 13 needs to be heated, there are at least two ways to heat up, one of which is: the heater 8 heats the battery pack 13, a heating loop is formed by the second water pump 7, the heater 8, the third three-way valve 10, the second expansion kettle 11, the second water pump 12, the battery pack 13 and the four-way valve 5, and then the battery pack 13 is heated, and the motor 4 can be heated by the heater 8 because the motor loop is connected with the heating loop in parallel; the second step is as follows: the battery pack 13 is heated by heat generated by the motor 4, the motor loop and the battery loop are connected in parallel through the four-way valve 5, the heat generated by the motor 4 is transmitted to the battery pack 13 through cooling liquid, and the battery pack 13 is heated, and the specific loop can be the four-way valve 5, the second water pump 7, the heater 8, the third three-way valve 10, the cooler 14, the first three-way valve 6, the second expansion kettle 11, the second first water pump 12, the battery pack 13 and the four-way valve 5.
When the battery pack 13 needs to be cooled, there are at least two ways to cool, one of which is: when the heater 8 does not work, the heating loop can enlarge the cooling liquid capacity of the battery loop and increase the cooling efficiency of the battery pack 13; the second step is as follows: when the heat that motor 4 produced is less than group battery 13 heat, the motor return circuit passes through mixing water equipment 5 with the battery return circuit and connects in parallel, and the heat that group battery 13 produced can be passed through mixing water equipment 5 and is given the motor return circuit, increase group battery 13 cooling efficiency.
It will be appreciated that the heat of the battery or motor 4 may also be cooled or recovered by the cooler 14. The temperature of the battery loop is high, the compressor 19 needs to be started, heat is absorbed from the battery loop through the beller, and the purpose of reducing the temperature of the battery loop is achieved, and at the moment, the passenger compartment may or may not have a refrigeration requirement.
When the temperature of the battery loop is higher than 10 ℃ relative to the ambient temperature, the passenger compartment can be heated by recovering the heat of the battery, and the passenger compartment has a heating requirement.
Specifically, the first expansion kettle 1 can be provided with a water guide pipe, the water guide pipe is connected with the first expansion kettle 1 and the low-temperature radiator 16, when the pressure of the first expansion kettle 1 is too large, the water guide pipe can keep the pressure balance of the first expansion, and danger caused by the too large pressure is avoided.
For example, when the motor 4 needs to be cooled, the cooling may be performed by the low-temperature radiator 16, and the specific cooling circuit may be: the device comprises a first expansion kettle 1, a first water pump 2, a charger 3, a motor 4, a second three-way valve 17, a low-temperature radiator 16, a four-way valve 5 and the first expansion kettle 1.
When both the motor 4 and the battery need to be cooled, they can be cooled simultaneously by the low-temperature radiator 16, and the specific cooling loop may be: the device comprises a first expansion kettle 1, a first water pump 2, a charger 3, a motor 4, a second three-way valve 1, a low-temperature radiator 16, a four-way valve 5, a first three-way valve 6, a second expansion kettle 11, a second water pump 7, a battery pack 13, a four-way valve 5 and the first expansion kettle 1. If the temperature of the motor loop is high at this time, the loop cannot be opened, because the temperature of the battery loop is increased due to the hot water in the motor loop, which may cause irreversible damage to the battery.
When both the motor 4 and the battery need to be cooled, they can be cooled simultaneously by the cooler 14, and the specific cooling loop can be: the device comprises a first expansion kettle 1, a first water pump 2, a charger 3, a motor 4, a second three-way valve 17, a four-way valve 5, a cooler 14, a second expansion kettle 11, a second water pump 7, a battery pack 13, a four-way valve 5 and the first expansion kettle 1. If the temperature of the motor loop is high at this time, the loop cannot be opened, because the temperature of the battery loop is increased due to the hot water in the motor loop, which may cause irreversible damage to the battery.
When the motor 4 and the battery are connected in series with the cooler 14 for heat recovery, the environment temperature is generally lower in the case, the heat recovered by the heat recovery is mainly used for heating the heat pump of the passenger compartment, and the water pump can absorb heat from the motor 4 and the battery through the chiller.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in an embodiment of this specification, as shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat recovery system of yet another hybrid electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, further including: an air conditioning circuit;
the air conditioning loop comprises a liquid-gas separator 18, a compressor 19, an internal condenser 20, a normally open electromagnetic valve 21, an external heat exchanger 22, a second one-way valve 23, a first electronic expansion valve 24 and an evaporator 25 which are sequentially connected in series.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in an embodiment of the present specification, the air conditioning circuit further includes: and one end of the second electronic expansion valve 26 is connected with the outlet of the second one-way valve 23, the other end of the second electronic expansion valve 26 is connected with the inlet of the cooler 14, and the outlet of the cooler 14 is connected with the liquid-gas separator 18.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in an embodiment of the present specification, the air conditioning circuit further includes: a third electronic expansion valve 27 and a first normally closed solenoid valve 28, wherein the third electronic expansion valve 27 is connected with the normally open solenoid valve 21 in parallel; one end of the first normally closed solenoid valve 28 is connected between the evaporator 25 and the normally open solenoid valve 21, and the other end of the first normally closed solenoid valve 28 is connected with one end of the second electronic expansion valve 26.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in an embodiment of the present specification, the air conditioning circuit further includes: and one end of the second normally closed electromagnetic valve 29 is connected with the external heat exchanger 22, and the other end of the second normally closed electromagnetic valve 29 is connected with the liquid-gas separator 18.
The liquid-gas separator 18ACCU mainly functions to absorb liquid refrigerant in the pipeline, ensure that gaseous refrigerant enters the compressor 19, and prevent the compressor 19 from liquid impact.
The internal condenser 20 is passed through both the cooling and heating modes.
The outside heat exchanger 22 is used as a condenser in cooling and as an evaporator 25 in heating.
The evaporator 25 is opened when the passenger compartment has a refrigeration demand, and mainly plays a role in refrigeration and dehumidification.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a passenger compartment refrigeration circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention; when the passenger compartment is refrigerated, the compressor 19 is turned on to refrigerate via the evaporator 25.
Exemplarily, as shown in fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an air conditioning circuit for cooling a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention; when the battery needs to be cooled down quickly, the refrigeration circuit of fig. 8 is turned on, at which time the evaporator 25 is not operating, i.e. the passenger compartment has no refrigeration request.
Exemplarily, as shown in fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an air conditioning circuit for cooling a battery and a passenger compartment simultaneously, where the passenger compartment is cooled and the battery is cooled, and in this case, the passenger compartment has a cooling requirement and the battery also has a cooling requirement, and therefore, the air conditioning circuit is turned on simultaneously to meet the cooling requirements of the passenger compartment and the battery.
In some possible embodiments, the air conditioning circuit can also provide conventional heating of the passenger compartment by releasing heat from the internal condenser 20 and absorbing heat from the environment by the external evaporator 25.
In some possible embodiments, the teller may also perform heat recovery on the passenger compartment, and the specific loop may be: liquid-gas separator 18, compressor 19, internal condenser 20, third electronic expansion valve 27, cooler 14, liquid-gas separator 18.
In some possible embodiments, as shown in fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the passenger compartment normal heating and the chiller heat recovery heating which operate simultaneously, in which case the external evaporator 25 and the chiller evaporator 25 are turned on to absorb heat and the internal condenser 20 releases heat, so as to achieve the purpose of heating the passenger compartment.
In some possible embodiments, as shown in fig. 11, fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of defrosting and deicing of external evaporator 25, and external evaporator 25 is defrosting and deicing, which can be divided into two cases:
1 after a vehicle is parked in an open environment for a period of time, because of weather, a thicker ice layer exists on the vehicle, at this time, the surfaces of an external evaporator 25 and a radiator also have the ice layer, at this time, the heating of a conventional heat pump cannot be started, because the external evaporator 25 is covered by the ice layer, air cannot exchange heat through the ice layer, so the vehicle needs to be deiced firstly, the principle of deicing is that the external evaporator 25 is used as a condenser, the condenser emits heat to the ice layer on the surface, at this time, a chiller is used as the evaporator 25 to absorb heat of a motor 4 or a battery from a cooling loop, or simultaneously absorb heat of the battery of the motor 4, the ice layer melts slowly, after the deicing is completed, the conventional heat pump can be started to heat through an internal condenser 20, the external evaporator 25 absorbs heat from ambient air, and if the deicing function is not available, the vehicle cannot start the heat pump to heat a passenger compartment, only the heater (PTC) can be turned on, resulting in increased energy consumption.
2 vehicle is at the in-process of traveling, under the environment about 2 ℃ of low temperature in winter, when external humidity is great, the surface can slowly frosting after evaporimeter 25 operation a period, evaporimeter 25 frosts to certain extent can influence the heat absorption of evaporimeter 25 to lead to compressor 19 suction pressure to hang down excessively, trigger compressor 19 low pressure protection and shut down, passenger cabin heats and can only open heater (PTC) after stopping and heat the passenger cabin, the energy consumption can increase this moment, continuation of the journey mileage can reduce. At the moment, the operation mode is switched to the defrosting and deicing mode, frost can be removed in a short time, and the operation mode is switched to the conventional heat pump mode for heating after the frost is removed, so that the heater (PTC) is not required to be started for heating, the heating requirement of the passenger compartment is met, and the energy consumption is lower.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the second three-way valve 17, the first three-way valve 6, the third three-way valve 10, the second three-way valve 17, the first one-way valve 15, the normally open solenoid valve 21, the second one-way valve 23, the first electronic expansion valve 24, the second electronic expansion valve 26, the third electronic expansion valve 27, the first normally closed solenoid valve 28, and the second normally closed solenoid valve 29 are all adjustable flow control valves.
In another case, the external evaporator 25 is frozen, the heat pump absorbs heat from the motor 4 and the battery through the chiller, and the external evaporator 25 performs deicing. The external evaporator 25 corresponds to an outer condenser in the figure, and can be used for both heating and cooling the system by using the evaporator 25 and the condenser.
The invention relates to a heat recovery system of a hybrid electric vehicle, which can be used in a PMA platform project or other platforms of electric vehicle heat distribution pump systems.
The heat recovery system of the hybrid electric vehicle related by the invention has the innovation points of clear and uncomplicated schematic diagram, few used parts and low cost, and simultaneously has the functions of refrigerating and heating of the heat pump air-conditioning system of the passenger compartment, cooling and heating of a battery, cooling and heat recovery of the motor 4, defrosting and deicing of the external evaporator 25 and the like.
And the coolant loop that the invention provides has at least three, it is the electrical machinery loop separately, battery loop and warm braw loop, every loop can operate alone and is not interfered by other loop, every two loops can mix alone and is not influenced by another loop too, when the electrical machinery loop three-way valve or battery loop three-way valve is invalid, can pass the three-way valve of the control battery loop or electrical machinery loop, and achieve the purpose that the hot water of the electrical machinery 4 can't enter the battery loop. The only failure condition is that the three-way valve of the motor circuit and the three-way valve of the battery circuit fail simultaneously. If the failure rate of the three-way valve is 1%, the probability of two three-way valves failing simultaneously becomes one in ten thousandth.
The functional safety is a very important problem of a pure electric vehicle, mainly considering that hot water with higher temperature in a motor loop can not enter a battery, and the functional safety is divided into the following aspects:
1. because the battery has the requirement of the temperature of the inlet water, the motor 4 can be triggered to reduce the power after the temperature of the inlet water exceeds 45 ℃, and the satisfaction degree of passengers can be reduced.
2. After the temperature of the inlet water exceeds 50 ℃, the power of the motor 4 can be triggered to be cut off, so that the power of the vehicle is lost, and if the condition that the power of the vehicle is lost occurs during high-speed traveling, the safety risk is very high.
3. After the temperature of the inlet water exceeds 50 ℃, if the power of the motor 4 is not cut off, the temperature of the battery loop can be continuously increased due to the continuous running of the vehicle, and the risk of burning and even explosion due to the overhigh temperature of the battery can be caused.
Considering that the parts cannot be made one hundred percent non-failure, in order to meet the requirement of functional safety, when the second three-way valve 17 of the motor circuit is damaged at the position of entering the HUB, the hot water in the motor 4 can be prevented from entering the battery by adjusting the third three-way valve 10 of the battery circuit to the position of small circulation. Unless the third three-way valve 10 of the battery circuit is also damaged, hot water from the motor 4 will not enter the battery.
If the probability of one water valve being damaged is one percent, the probability of two water valves being damaged simultaneously is one ten thousandth.
Therefore, the hybrid electric vehicle heat pipeline system provided by the application equivalently reduces the risk of thermal runaway of the battery by 100 times, and improves the safety of the vehicle.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example" or "some examples" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that changes, modifications and variations may be made therein by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.