CN111496583A - Novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinder - Google Patents
Novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN111496583A CN111496583A CN202010488456.2A CN202010488456A CN111496583A CN 111496583 A CN111496583 A CN 111496583A CN 202010488456 A CN202010488456 A CN 202010488456A CN 111496583 A CN111496583 A CN 111496583A
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- workbench
- numerical control
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/01—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor for combined grinding of surfaces of revolution and of adjacent plane surfaces on work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/02—Bench grinders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
- B24B41/047—Grinding heads for working on plane surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
- B24B41/061—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically
- B24B41/062—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically between centres; Dogs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
- B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/35—Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
- B24B55/02—Equipment for cooling the grinding surfaces, e.g. devices for feeding coolant
- B24B55/03—Equipment for cooling the grinding surfaces, e.g. devices for feeding coolant designed as a complete equipment for feeding or clarifying coolant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
- B24B55/04—Protective covers for the grinding wheel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
- B24B55/12—Devices for exhausting mist of oil or coolant; Devices for collecting or recovering materials resulting from grinding or polishing, e.g. of precious metals, precious stones, diamonds or the like
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinding machine which comprises a machine body, a large cover, a motor box, a grinding carriage, a headstock body, a tailstock and a workbench, wherein the large cover, the grinding carriage, the headstock body, the tailstock and the workbench are arranged on the machine body. The headstock rotation of the invention realizes stepless speed change through a servo motor; the advancing and retreating of the tip of the tail stock are tightly propped by a spring, so that the clamping force of a workpiece can be adjusted, and the deformation of the slender workpiece is prevented; the grinding carriage feeds the X-axis light distribution grating ruler, so that feeding, measurement and processing closed-loop control is realized, and the processing precision is well ensured; the upper workbench can be manually adjusted to rotate a certain angle relative to the lower workbench, so that the small-taper cylindrical grinding is realized.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinding machine.
Background art:
the cylindrical grinding machine is usually composed of a headstock and a tailstock, and has the functions of supporting, centering, clamping, driving, rotating and the like on a workpiece. The headstock is a main part of the cylindrical grinding machine, wherein a main shaft in the headstock is a key part for ensuring the rotation precision, and the precision of the main shaft has direct influence on the geometric precision and the working precision of the whole machine.
The spindle of the headstock of the existing cylindrical grinding machine generally adopts belt pulley transmission, can not realize accurate speed change, and the belt pulley is inconvenient to change speed. In addition, two ends of the main shaft are usually supported by bearings, so that the dimensional stability is low when some high-precision parts are processed, and the high-requirement surface smoothness cannot be achieved.
The precision grinding machine needs high geometric precision and stability of low-speed feed motion, and the worktable needs low-speed feed motion, so that the worktable needs no creeping and impact phenomena and can work stably. In addition, the vibration damping performance is required to be good, and the vibration can cause serious adverse effects on the processing quality.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to overcome the defects of the existing equipment, the bearing abrasion is reduced, and the rotation precision of the main shaft is improved; prevent that long and thin work piece from warping, guarantee the novel high-speed high accuracy numerical control terminal surface cylindrical grinder of machining precision.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end face cylindrical grinding machine comprises a machine body, a large cover, a motor box, a grinding wheel frame, a headstock body, a tailstock and a workbench, wherein the machine body is provided with the large cover, the grinding wheel frame, the headstock body, the tailstock and the workbench, the headstock is sleeved on the front section of a headstock main shaft, a first bearing and a second bearing are arranged on the excircle of the front end of the headstock main shaft and are pressed tightly through a locking nut, the headstock main shaft is sleeved with an air film ring and then is arranged in a sleeve, a third bearing, a bearing ring, an outer spacing ring, a bearing and a second synchronous belt wheel are sequentially arranged on the excircle of the sleeve, the second synchronous belt wheel is pressed tightly through a driving plate, one end of a connecting key is fixed on the driving plate, the other end of the connecting key is clamped in a connecting key groove of the headstock main shaft, the fourth bearing is pressed through a pressing cover, the cover is arranged on the driving plate, a fifth bearing and a sixth bearing are sleeved on, the rear end of the headstock is tightly pressed by a support, a first servo motor, a first motor connecting plate, a first synchronous belt wheel and a first synchronous belt are arranged in the headstock body, the first servo motor drives the first synchronous belt wheel, the first synchronous belt wheel and a second synchronous belt wheel to rotate, and the second synchronous belt wheel drives a main shaft to rotate through a linkage on a driving plate.
The headstock rotation realizes stepless speed change through a servo motor, a dead center structure (namely, the headstock spindle does not rotate) is adopted, the servo motor drives a drive plate 22-2 to rotate through a synchronous belt, and the drive plate 22-2 drives a workpiece to rotate through a drive rod. The servo motor driver controls the motor to realize stepless speed change of the workpiece. In order to facilitate the loading and unloading of workpieces, the headstock has a stop-and-go function, and the headstock sleeve is supported by a dense ball bearing and an air film ring.
The invention is further improved in that: the headstock main shaft is sleeved with the air film ring, air is introduced into the air film ring from the outside, and a layer of air film is formed between the main shaft and the air film ring, so that the main shaft is in a suspension state, the friction force between the main shaft and the bearing is reduced, the vibration of the main shaft is effectively reduced, and the rotating precision of the main shaft is improved.
The invention is further improved in that: still be equipped with chip removal machine and first lead screw part on the lathe bed, the workstation is established on first lead screw part.
The invention is further improved in that: the lathe bed is provided with a second servo motor through a second motor connecting plate, a fourth synchronous belt wheel is arranged at the front end of the second servo motor and connected with a third synchronous belt wheel through a second synchronous belt, the third synchronous belt wheel drives a first screw rod component to rotate, and the first screw rod component drives the workbench to move on the lathe bed. And a tensioning mechanism is arranged on the synchronous belt.
The invention is further improved in that: the tailstock comprises a tailstock body, a center sleeve, a center, a spring and an adjusting handle, wherein the center sleeve is arranged in the tailstock body, the center is arranged at the front end of the center sleeve, and the spring and the adjusting handle are arranged in the center sleeve and used for adjusting the clamping force of a workpiece to prevent elongated workpieces from deforming due to overlarge clamping force.
The invention is further improved in that: the workbench comprises an upper workbench, a lower workbench, a left pressing plate, a right pressing plate, a dial indicator, a gauge stand, a gauge rod, a connecting plate and a screw rod, one end of the screw rod is installed on the connecting plate, the other end of the screw rod is connected with the gauge stand, two ends of the upper workbench are clamped between the left pressing plate and the right pressing plate, one end of the upper workbench is connected with the screw rod through the connecting plate, one end of the connecting plate is provided with an arc surface, the arc surface is abutted to the arc surface on the right side of the upper workbench and is fixed with the upper workbench. The connecting plate is provided with a dial indicator, the dial indicator is pressed by the dial indicator, the screw rod is rotated to drive the upper workbench to rotate between the left pressing plate and the right pressing plate, and the dial indicator is pressed by the dial indicator on the connecting plate at the moment to read a rotating numerical value.
The worktable adopts an upper-layer structure and a lower-layer structure, the worktable surface of the upper worktable is a horizontal plane, so that the head and the tail frames are positioned on the worktable more stably, the rigidity is good, the length ruler is arranged on the worktable surface of the upper worktable, the distance between the tops of the head and the tail frames is convenient to determine, the upper worktable can be manually adjusted and rotates a certain angle relative to the lower worktable, thereby realizing the grinding of a small-taper outer circle, and the guide rail of the worktable adopts a 'flat and V' plastic-coated guide rail, so that the difference of the dynamic and static friction force of the guide rail is reduced.
The invention is further improved in that: the grinding wheel frame comprises a grinding head bottom plate, a grinding head body, a linear rail and a grinding wheel, wherein the grinding wheel is fixed on a main shaft, the main shaft is installed in the grinding head body, a grinding wheel cover and a motor are installed outside the grinding head body and fixed above a base plate, a second screw rod part and the linear rail are installed below the base plate, the second screw rod part is driven by a servo motor, and the grinding head bottom plate moves back and forth.
By adopting the preposed grinding wheel dressing device, the dressing and compensation of various molded surfaces of the grinding wheel are realized through the linkage of the X axis and the Z axis in an interpolation manner, and the consistency of the grinding state of the grinding wheel is ensured.
Feed mechanism (wheel carrier, table drive mechanism):
the grinding carriage adopts an NSK lead screw bearing and a precise ball screw, the worktable adopts an NSK lead screw bearing and the precise ball screw, and the precise ball screw is connected with a servo motor through a synchronous belt, so that the precise feeding is realized.
The invention is further improved in that: and a first space ring and a second space ring are arranged between the sleeve and the locking nut.
The invention is further improved in that: the tail part of the headstock main shaft is provided with a nut which is tightly propped by a screw arranged on the support.
The invention is further improved in that: the front end of the head frame body is provided with a front cover, the rear end of the head frame body is provided with a rear cover, and the top of the head frame body is provided with a top cover.
The invention is further improved in that: a cover is mounted on the dial.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the machine tool adopts CNC control to carry out two-axis linkage: namely grinding carriage feeding (X axis) and workbench moving (Z axis), the headstock rotation realizes stepless speed change through a servo motor;
2. the air film ring is additionally arranged in the middle of the headstock main shaft, so that a layer of air film is formed between the air film rings when the main shaft rotates, the main shaft is in a suspension state, the bearing abrasion is reduced, and the rotation precision of the main shaft is improved.
3. The advancing and retreating of the tip of the tail stock are tightly propped by a spring, so that the clamping force of a workpiece can be adjusted, and particularly, the deformation of a slender workpiece is prevented;
4. the grinding carriage feeds the X-axis light distribution grating ruler, so that feeding, measurement and processing closed-loop control is realized, and the processing precision is well ensured;
5. the upper workbench can be manually adjusted and rotates for a certain angle relative to the lower workbench, so that the grinding of the small-taper outer circle is realized;
6. the lathe bed, the workbench, the grinding head body, the headstock, the tailstock and the like of the machine tool are all made of high-performance inoculated cast iron and are processed by multiple aging treatment; the high-numerical-value casting wall thickness greatly improves the natural frequency of the machine tool casting, and has high rigidity, good precision retentivity of the machine tool and stable performance.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the present invention with the large cover removed;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a headgear;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the headgear;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line L-L of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line I-I of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line M-M of FIG. 6;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the sleeve;
FIG. 11 is a front view of the sleeve;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the sleeve in the direction I-I;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the tailrack;
FIG. 14 is a front view of the tailstock;
FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken along line I-I of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the table;
FIG. 17 is a front view of the table;
FIG. 18 is a top view of the table;
FIG. 19 is a sectional view taken along line I-I of FIG. 18;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a grinding carriage structure;
FIG. 21 is a front view of the grinding wheel;
FIG. 22 is a top view of the grinding wheel;
FIG. 23 is a schematic view taken along line I-I of FIG. 22;
FIG. 24 is a schematic view of the K-K direction of FIG. 22;
FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the bed;
fig. 26 is a front view of the bed;
FIG. 27 is a sectional view taken along line I-I of FIG. 26
Reference numbers in the figures: 1-2 cover, 2-2 first spacer ring, 3-2 gland, 4-2 second spacer ring, 5-2 locknut, 6-2 tip, 7-2 fourth bearing, 8-2 outer spacer ring, 9-2 inner spacer ring, 10-2 third bearing, 11-2 headstock spindle, 12-2 nut, 13-2 screw, 14-2 support, 15-2 sixth bearing, 16-2 fifth bearing, 17-2 sleeve, 18-2 air film ring, 19-2 second synchronous pulley, 20-2 first bearing, 21-2 second bearing, 22-2 drive plate, 6-1 headstock body, 23-2 linkage, 24-2 rear cover, 25-2 top cover, 26-2 first servo motor, 27-2 first motor connecting plate, 28-2 first synchronous belt wheel, 29-2 front cover, 30-2 first synchronous belt, 2-3 top, 4-3 top sleeve, 6-3 adjusting handle, 7-3 spring, 8-3 tailstock body, 1-4 left pressure plate, 2-4 upper workbench, 3-4 lower workbench, 4-4 right pressure plate, 5-4 dial indicator, 6-4 gauge stand, 7-4 gauge rod, 8-4 connecting plate, 9-4 lead screw, 1-5 grinding head bottom plate, 2-5 grinding head body, 3-5 linear rail, 4-5 motor, 5-5 second lead screw component, 6-5 backing plate, 7-5 main shaft, 8-5 grinding wheel, 9-5 grinding wheel cover, 1-6 first lead screw component, 2-6 third synchronous belt wheel, 3-6 second synchronous belts, 4-6 second motor connecting plates, 5-6 fourth synchronous belt wheels, 9-6 second servo motors, 11-6 machine bodies, 12-chip removal machines, 1-1 large covers, 2-1 oil mist collectors, 3-1 electric appliance boxes, 4-1 chip removal machines, 5-1 grinding wheel frames, 7-1 workbench and 8-1 tailstock.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
for the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are only used for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 to 27 show a specific embodiment of a novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinder: the grinding machine comprises a machine body 11-6, a large cover 1-1, a motor box 3-1, a grinding carriage 5-1, a headstock body 6-1, a tailstock 8-1 and a workbench 7-1, wherein the machine body 11-6 is provided with the large cover 1-1, the grinding carriage 5-1, the headstock body 6-1, the tailstock 8-1 and the workbench 7-1, the headstock body 6-1 is provided with a headstock spindle 11-2, an excircle of the front end of the headstock spindle 11-2 is provided with a first bearing 20-2 and a second bearing 21-2, the headstock spindle 11-2 is tightly pressed through a locking nut 5-2, an air ring membrane 18-2 is sleeved on the headstock spindle 11-2 and then is arranged in a sleeve 17-2, and the excircle of the sleeve 17-2 is sequentially provided with a third bearing 10-2, The bearing inner spacer 9-2, the bearing outer spacer 8-2, the bearing fourth bearing 7-2 and the second synchronous pulley 19-2, the second synchronous pulley 19-2 is pressed by a dial 22-2, one end of a linkage 23-2 is fixed on the dial 22-2, the other end of the linkage 23-2 is clamped in a linkage key groove of the headstock spindle 11-2, the second synchronous pulley 19-2 drives the headstock spindle 11-2 to rotate by the dial 22-2 and the linkage 23-2, the cover 1-2 is installed on the dial 22-2, the bearing fourth bearing 7-2 is pressed by a gland 3-2, the outer circle at the rear end of the headstock spindle 11-2 is sleeved with the bearing fifth bearing 16-2 and the bearing sixth bearing 15-2, the rear end is pressed by a support 14-2, a first servo motor 26-2, a first motor connecting plate 27-2, a first synchronous belt pulley 28-2 and a first synchronous belt 30-2 are arranged in the headstock body 6-1, the first servo motor 26-2 drives the first synchronous belt pulley 28-2, the first synchronous belt 30-2 and a second synchronous belt pulley 19-2 to rotate, and the second synchronous belt pulley 19-2 drives the headstock spindle 11-2 to rotate through a driving plate 22-2 and a linkage 23-2.
The headstock rotation realizes stepless speed change through a servo motor, a dead center structure (namely, the headstock spindle does not rotate) is adopted, the servo motor drives a drive plate 22-2 to rotate through a synchronous belt, and the drive plate 22-2 drives a workpiece to rotate through a drive rod. The servo motor driver controls the motor to realize stepless speed change of the workpiece. In order to facilitate the loading and unloading of workpieces, the headstock has a stop function, the headstock sleeve is supported by a dense ball bearing, and an air film ring is additionally arranged in the middle of the headstock main shaft, so that a layer of air film is formed between the main shaft and the air film ring, the main shaft is in a suspension state, the bearing abrasion is reduced, and the rotation precision of the main shaft is improved;
a chip removal machine 12 and a first screw rod part 1-6 are further arranged on the lathe bed 11-6, and the workbench 7-1 is arranged on the first screw rod part 1-6;
a second servo motor 9-6 is arranged on the lathe bed 11-6 through a second motor connecting plate 4-6, a fourth synchronous pulley 5-6 is arranged at the front end of the second servo motor 9-6, the fourth synchronous pulley 5-6 is connected with a third synchronous pulley 2-6 through a second synchronous belt 3-6, the third synchronous pulley 2-6 drives a first screw rod component 1-6 to rotate, and the first screw rod component 1-6 drives a workbench 7-1 to move on the lathe bed 11-6;
the grinding machine is provided with a totally-enclosed protective device; the machine tool protection device is provided with a front sliding door and an observation window, and the protection door is manually opened and closed. And is provided with lighting facilities convenient for observing the processing process;
the machine tool adopts an independent electric box (with an air conditioner), the ball screw nut is provided with a centralized lubricating system, and the cooling water box is provided with a magnetic separation and paper filtering two-stage filtering device;
the tailstock 8-1 comprises a tailstock body 8-3, a center sleeve 4-3, a center 2-3, a spring 7-3 and an adjusting handle 6-3, wherein the center sleeve 4-3 is arranged in the tailstock body 8-3, the center 2-3 is arranged at the front end of the center sleeve 4-3, and the spring 7-3 and the adjusting handle 6-3 are arranged in the center sleeve 4-3 and used for adjusting the clamping force of a workpiece and preventing the slender piece from deforming due to overlarge clamping force;
the working table 7-1 comprises an upper working table 2-4, a lower working table 3-4, a left pressing plate 1-4, a right pressing plate 4-4, a dial indicator 5-4, a gauge stand 6-4, a pair of gauge rods 7-4, a connecting plate 8-4 and a screw rod 9-4, one end of the screw rod 9-4 is installed on the connecting plate 8-4, the other end of the screw rod is connected with the gauge stand 6-4, two ends of the upper working table 2-4 are clamped between the left pressing plate 1-4 and the right pressing plate 4-4, one end of the upper working table 2-4 is connected with the screw rod 9-4 through the connecting plate 8-4, the pair of gauge rods 7-4 are arranged on the connecting plate 8-4, the pair of gauge rods 7-4 press the dial indicator 5-4, the screw rod 9-4 is rotated, driving the upper workbench 2-4 to move between the left pressing plate 1-4 and the right pressing plate 4-4, pressing the dial indicator 5-4 by the indicator rod 7 on the connecting plate 8-4 at the moment, and reading a rotating numerical value; one end of the yoke plate 8-4 is provided with an arc surface, is tightly abutted against the arc surface on the right side of the upper workbench 2-4 and is fixed with the upper workbench 2-4.
The workbench adopts an upper-layer structure and a lower-layer structure, the table surface of the upper workbench 2-4 is a horizontal plane, so that the head and the tail frames are positioned on the workbench more stably, the rigidity is good, a length ruler is arranged on the table surface of the upper workbench, the distance between the tops of the head and the tail frames is convenient to determine, the upper workbench 2-4 can be manually adjusted to rotate a certain angle relative to the lower workbench, and therefore small-taper excircle grinding is realized, the guide rail of the workbench adopts a 'flat and V' plastic-coated guide rail, and the difference of dynamic and static friction of the guide rail is reduced;
the grinding carriage 5-1 comprises a grinding head bottom plate 1-5, a grinding head body 2-5, a linear rail 3-5 and a grinding wheel 8-5, the grinding wheel 8-5 is fixed on a main shaft 7-5, the main shaft 7-5 is installed in the grinding head body 2-5, a grinding wheel cover 9-5 and a motor 4-5 are installed outside the grinding head body 2-5 and fixed above a backing plate 6-5, a second screw rod part 5-5 and the linear rail 3-5 are installed below the backing plate 6-5, the second screw rod part 5-5 is driven by a servo motor and moves back and forth on the grinding head bottom plate 1-5;
a straight rail inclined feeding layout mode is adopted, the included angle of 60 degrees is formed between the axis of the grinding wheel and the axis of the head and tail frames, and the excircle and the end face of the part can be ground simultaneously; the excircle of the shaft part can be cut and ground at one time, and the longitudinal grinding can also be realized; the machine tool adopts CNC control to carry out two-axis linkage: namely grinding carriage feeding (X axis) and workbench moving (Z axis), the headstock rotation realizes stepless speed change through a servo motor; the machine tool is provided with an outer diameter measuring instrument, an axial positioning device and an X-axis grating ruler, so that feeding, measuring and machining closed-loop control is realized, and the machining precision is well guaranteed;
the grinding carriage guide rail adopts a heavy-load roller linear guide rail, the guide rail has small friction coefficient, high precision, good rigidity and good shock absorption, the stability and the reliability of grinding wheel feeding (X-axis) can be well ensured, and meanwhile, the grinding carriage feeding X-axis is provided with a grating ruler to realize the closed-loop control of the grinding carriage feeding;
grinding wheel dressing device:
the front-mounted grinding wheel dressing device is adopted, and the dressing and compensation of various molded surfaces of the grinding wheel are realized through the linkage of an X axis and a Z axis in an interpolation manner, so that the consistency of the grinding state of the grinding wheel is ensured;
feed mechanism (wheel carrier, table drive mechanism):
the grinding carriage adopts an NSK lead screw bearing and a precise ball screw, the worktable adopts an NSK lead screw bearing and the precise ball screw, and the precise ball screw is connected with a servo motor through a synchronous belt, so that the precise feeding is realized.
A first space ring 2-1 and a second space ring 4-2 are arranged between the sleeve 17-2 and the locking nut 5-2;
the tail part of the headstock spindle 11-2 is provided with a nut 12-2 which is tightly propped by a screw 13-2 arranged on a support 14-2;
the front end of the head frame body 6-1 is provided with a front cover 29-2, the rear end is provided with a rear cover 24-2, and the top is provided with a top cover 25-2;
a cover 1-2 is mounted on the dial 22-2.
The invention adopts CNC control to carry out two-axis linkage: namely grinding carriage feeding (X axis) and workbench moving (Z axis), the headstock rotation realizes stepless speed change through a servo motor; the advancing and retreating of the tip of the tail stock are tightly propped by a spring, so that the clamping force of a workpiece can be adjusted, and particularly, the deformation of a slender workpiece is prevented; the grinding carriage feeds the X-axis light distribution grating ruler, so that feeding, measurement and processing closed-loop control is realized, and the processing precision is well ensured; the upper workbench can be manually adjusted to rotate a certain angle relative to the lower workbench, so that the grinding of the small-taper outer circle is realized; the lathe bed, the workbench, the grinding head body, the headstock, the tailstock and the like of the machine tool are all made of high-performance inoculated cast iron and are processed by multiple aging treatment; the high-numerical-value casting wall thickness greatly improves the natural frequency of the machine tool casting, and has high rigidity, good precision retentivity of the machine tool and stable performance.
The servo motor is adopted to drive the synchronous belt to control the rotating speed of the main shaft, and the servo is precise control of closed loop on the basis of frequency conversion, so that a more ideal effect is achieved; in addition, the air film ring is additionally arranged in the middle of the headstock main shaft, so that a layer of air film with a certain bearing effect is formed between the air film rings when the main shaft rotates, the main shaft is in a suspension state by virtue of the air film, the bearing abrasion is reduced, and the rotation precision of the main shaft is improved; the tail frame is provided with the spring, so that the clamping force of the workpiece can be adjusted, the deformation of the slender workpiece is prevented, and the processing precision is ensured; an angle fine adjustment mechanism is arranged on the workbench, small taper excircle grinding is achieved, and the workbench is driven by a servo motor to run stably.
Main precision comparison:
the applicant further states that the present invention is described in the above embodiments to explain the implementation method and device structure of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, i.e. it is not meant to imply that the present invention must rely on the above methods and structures to implement the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modifications to the present invention, the implementation of alternative equivalent substitutions and additions of steps, the selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all the ways of achieving the objects of the present invention by using the structure and the method similar to the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a novel high-speed high accuracy numerical control terminal surface cylindrical grinder, includes lathe bed (11-6), big cover (1-1), motor case (3-1), grinding carriage (5-1), headstock body (6-1), tailstock (8-1) and workstation (7-1) be equipped with big cover (1-1), grinding carriage (5-1), headstock body (6-1), tailstock (8-1) and workstation (7-1) on lathe bed (11-6), its characterized in that: the headstock (6-1) is sleeved on the front section of the headstock spindle (11-2), a first bearing (20-2) and a second bearing (21-2) are arranged on the excircle of the front end of the headstock spindle (11-2), then the headstock spindle is tightly pressed by a locknut (5-2), an air film ring (18-2) is sleeved on the headstock spindle (11-2), then the headstock spindle is arranged in a sleeve (17-2), a third bearing (10-2), a bearing inner spacer ring (9-2), an outer spacer ring (8-2), a fourth bearing (7-2) and a second synchronous pulley (19-2) are sequentially arranged on the excircle of the sleeve (17-2), the second synchronous pulley (19-2) is tightly pressed by a drive plate (22-2), and one end of a linkage key (23-2) is fixed on the drive plate (22-2), the other end of the linkage key (23-2) is clamped in a linkage key groove of the headstock main shaft (11-2), then the cover (1-2) is installed on the drive plate (22-2), the fourth bearing (7-2) is pressed through the press cover (3-2), a fifth bearing (16-2) and a sixth bearing (15-2) are sleeved on the excircle of the rear end of the headstock main shaft (11-2), the rear end of the headstock main shaft is pressed through the support (14-2), and the headstock body (6-1) is clamped) A first servo motor (26-2), a first motor connecting plate (27-2), a first synchronous belt pulley (28-2) and a first synchronous belt (30-2) are arranged in the belt conveyor, and the first servo motor (26-2) drives the first synchronous belt pulley (28-2), the first synchronous belt (30-2) and the first synchronous belt (30-2)Second synchronizationThe belt wheel (19-2) rotates, and the second synchronous belt wheel (19-2) drives the headstock main shaft (11-2) to rotate through the drive plate (22-2) and the linkage key (23-2).
2. The novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the lathe bed (11-6) is further provided with a chip removal machine (12) and a first screw rod component (1-6), and the workbench (7-1) is arranged on the first screw rod component (1-6).
3. The novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 2 is characterized in that: a second servo motor (9-6) is installed on the lathe bed (11-6) through a second motor connecting plate (4-6), a fourth synchronous pulley (5-6) is installed at the front end of the second servo motor (9-6), the fourth synchronous pulley (5-6) is connected with a third synchronous pulley (2-6) through a second synchronous belt (3-6), the third synchronous pulley (2-6) drives a first screw rod component (1-6) to rotate, and the first screw rod component (1-6) drives a workbench (7-1) to move on the lathe bed (11-6).
4. The novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tailstock (8-1) comprises a tailstock body (8-3), a center sleeve (4-3), a center (2-3), a spring (7-3) and an adjusting handle (6-3), wherein the center sleeve (4-3) is arranged in the tailstock body (8-3), the center (2-3) is arranged at the front end of the center sleeve (4-3), and the spring (7-3) and the adjusting handle (6-3) are arranged in the center sleeve (4-3) and used for adjusting the clamping force of a workpiece, so that the elongated workpiece is prevented from deforming due to overlarge clamping force and the machining precision of the workpiece is prevented from being influenced.
5. The novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the working table (7-1) comprises an upper working table (2-4), a lower working table (3-4), a left pressing plate (1-4), a right pressing plate (4-4), a dial indicator (5-4), a gauge stand (6-4), a gauge rod (7-4), a connecting plate (8-4) and a screw rod (9-4), one end of the screw rod (9-4) is installed on the connecting plate (8-4), the other end of the screw rod is connected with the gauge stand (6-4), arc surfaces are arranged on the inner sides of the left pressing plate (1-4) and the right pressing plate (4-4) and are respectively fixed on the lower working table (3-4), two ends of the upper working table (2-4) are clamped in an annular groove between the left pressing plate (1-4) and the right pressing plate (4-4), the upper working table (2-4) can rotate in the annular groove, one end of the connecting plate (8-4) is provided with an arc surface, the arc surface is abutted against the arc surface on the right side of the upper workbench (2-4) and fixed with the upper workbench (2-4), one end of the upper workbench (2-4) is connected with the screw rod (9-4) through the connecting plate (8-4), the connecting plate (8-4) is provided with a pair of gauge rods (7-4), the pair of gauge rods (7-4) press the dial indicator (5-4), the screw rod (9-4) is rotated to drive the upper workbench (2-4) to rotate in an annular groove between the left pressing plate (1-4) and the right pressing plate (4-4), and at the moment, the pair of gauge rods (7) on the connecting plate (8-4) press the dial indicator (5-4), and a rotating numerical value is read.
6. The novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the grinding wheel frame (5-1) comprises a grinding wheel head bottom plate (1-5), a grinding wheel head body (2-5), a linear rail (3-5) and a grinding wheel (8-5), the grinding wheel (8-5) is fixed on a main shaft (7-5), the main shaft (7-5) is installed in the grinding wheel head body (2-5), a grinding wheel cover (9-5) and a motor (4-5) are installed outside the grinding wheel head body (2-5) and fixed above a backing plate (6-5), a second screw rod part (5-5) and the linear rail (3-5) are installed below the backing plate (6-5), the second screw rod part (5-5) is driven by a servo motor, and moves back and forth on the grinding wheel head bottom plate (1-5).
7. The novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a first space ring (2-2) and a second space ring (4-2) are arranged between the sleeve (17-2) and the locking nut (5-2).
8. The novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tail part of the headstock main shaft (11-2) is provided with a nut (12-2) which is tightly propped by a screw (13-2) arranged on a support (14-2).
9. The novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the front end of the head frame body (6-1) is provided with a front cover (29-2), the rear end is provided with a rear cover (24-2), and the top of the head frame body is provided with a top cover (25-2).
10. The novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a cover (1-2) is arranged on the dial (22-2).
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| CN202010488456.2A CN111496583A (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2020-06-02 | Novel high-speed high-precision numerical control end surface cylindrical grinder |
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| CN113001274A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-22 | 华辰精密装备（昆山）股份有限公司 | Cylindrical grinding machine |
| CN113953902A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-01-21 | 江苏特贝尔精密机械科技有限公司 | Compact structure's high accuracy excircle grinding machine |
| CN113977428A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-01-28 | 河南睿辰机器人智能科技有限公司 | Double-end double-speed main shaft grinding device and grinding robot |
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