CN111487290B - Polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111487290B CN111487290B CN202010293233.0A CN202010293233A CN111487290B CN 111487290 B CN111487290 B CN 111487290B CN 202010293233 A CN202010293233 A CN 202010293233A CN 111487290 B CN111487290 B CN 111487290B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance, relates to the technical field of gas sensors and electronic polymer sensitive materials, and comprises a substrate, an interdigital electrode, a moisture absorption film arranged on the surface of the interdigital electrode, and a polyaniline film formed by growing on the surface of the moisture absorption film. The polyaniline film formed by polymerization has a porous grid structure, the air permeability of the polyaniline film is combined with the hygroscopicity of the lower functional material, an additional humidity compensation and dehumidification device is not needed, the influence of humidity on the gas-sensitive performance of the sensor is reduced, the gas-sensitive performance of the polyaniline film is not sacrificed, the influence of the humidity on the sensor is greatly reduced, the application limit of the sensor in the aspects of atmospheric environment, breath detection and the like is solved, and the polyaniline film has good practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas sensors and electronic polymer sensitive materials, in particular to a polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The gas sensor is widely applied to military, meteorological, agricultural, industrial, medical, building and other aspects, and is closely related to the daily life of human beings. Research on gas sensors has been carried out for 60 years, but a large number of environmental and material factors have restricted the use of gas sensors in large-scale applications. The influence of the ambient humidity on the sensor is very serious, the ambient humidity not only easily invades into a conversion circuit of the sensor to cause the shortening of the service life of a device, but also more importantly, the humidity is a selective interference item of the gas sensor, and the confidence of the sensor is reduced due to the large change of the ambient humidity (such as the application to a respiratory application test). Therefore, it is highly practical to develop a sensor having moisture resistance.
At present, research aiming at the moisture resistance sensor mainly focuses on three aspects of materials, device structures and algorithm processing of a back-end circuit. In the aspect of material research, a gas-sensitive material insensitive to humidity is mainly searched, for example, CN110040766A discloses a zinc oxide doped tin oxide nano gas-sensitive material, and high humidity resistance is obtained through proper doping; the structural aspects of the device are mainly the research of a front-end dehumidifying device and the design of a moisture-resistant structure, for example, CN 106770485a discloses a method for modifying a silicon hydrophobic molecular sieve filter layer on the basis of a sensitive layer, the hydrophobic characteristic of the hydrophobic molecular sieve is utilized to maintain the local drying around the device, and the interference of a high-humidity environment on a sensing device is reduced; the back-end circuit algorithm processing aspect mainly studies the humidity compensation response.
However, research on achieving moisture resistance using the structure of the gas sensitive material itself is still in a relatively preliminary stage. Based on the above, the invention provides the polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance and the preparation method thereof, which can effectively realize the moisture resistance while improving the ammonia sensitivity of the sensor, and expand the application range of the ammonia gas sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the sensor has the advantages of excellent ammonia sensitivity and humidity resistance, small volume, light weight, good flexibility, simple preparation process, low processing cost, mass production, strong practicability and wide application range.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance, which comprises a substrate, an interdigital electrode, a moisture absorption film arranged on the surface of the interdigital electrode, and a polyaniline film grown on the surface of the moisture absorption film.
Preferably, the hygroscopic film is a material having hygroscopic properties and a large specific surface area.
Preferably, the hygroscopic film is selected from an MXene material, graphene oxide, or a two-dimensional transition metal sulfide.
Preferably, the polyaniline film is formed by polymerizing on the surface of the hygroscopic film by a chemical oxidative polymerization method. The polyaniline film has porosity, and the size and density of the grid in the space grid structure can be controlled by regulating and controlling polymerization parameters (such as temperature, concentration and the like).
Preferably, the substrate is selected from polyimide film (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or cellulose paper.
Preferably, the material of the interdigital electrode is selected from any one of gold, silver, copper, graphene, carbon nanotubes and conductive polymers.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning the substrate, and preparing a conductive interdigital electrode on the surface of the substrate;
(2) preparing a hygroscopic film on the surface of a flexible substrate with interdigital electrodes;
(3) and polymerizing and growing the polyaniline film on the surface of the hygroscopic film by adopting a chemical oxidative polymerization method.
Preferably, the substrate cleaning comprises sequentially cleaning with deionized water, acetone, ethanol and deionized water, and then naturally drying.
Preferably, the preparation method of the interdigital electrode is evaporation, electrochemical polymerization, screen printing or ink-jet printing.
Preferably, the hygroscopic thin film is prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), gas spraying, or spin coating.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the polyaniline film formed by polymerization has a porous grid structure, and gas with humidity can be preferentially absorbed by the moisture absorption film through the grid of the polyaniline by combining the moisture absorption performance of the moisture absorption film with the porous grid structure of the polyaniline film, so that the moisture content of the gas in contact with the polyaniline film is greatly reduced, the influence of the humidity on the gas-sensitive performance of the sensor is finally reduced, and the gas sensor has excellent moisture resistance.
2. The polyaniline film formed by polymerization has a porous grid structure, the air permeability of the polyaniline film is combined with the hygroscopicity of a lower functional material, an additional humidity compensation and dehumidification device is not needed, the influence of humidity on the gas-sensitive performance of the sensor is reduced, the gas-sensitive performance of the polyaniline film is not sacrificed, the influence of the humidity on the sensor is greatly reduced, the application limitation of the sensor in the aspects of atmospheric environment, breath detection and the like is solved, and the polyaniline film has good practicability.
3. The sensor prepared by the method has the characteristics of simple process steps, low processing cost, small sensor volume, light weight, good flexibility, strong moisture resistance, mass production, strong practicability and wide application range.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an ammonia gas sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a SEM morphology of a latticed polyaniline prepared by a comparative example of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of polyaniline/niobium carbide prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the response of example 2 of the present invention and comparative example to 0.1 to 10ppm of ammonia gas in a humidity environment of 87.1% RH;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the response of comparative examples of the present invention to 10ppm ammonia gas in a humidity environment of 62.0% to 87.1% RH;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the response of example 2 of the present invention to 10ppm of ammonia gas in a humidity environment of 62.0% to 87.1% RH.
Labeled as: 1-substrate, 2-interdigital electrode, 3-hygroscopic film and 4-polyaniline film.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance, which comprises a substrate 1, an interdigital electrode 2, a moisture absorption film 3 arranged on the surface of the interdigital electrode 2, and a polyaniline film 4 formed on the surface of the moisture absorption film 3 in a growing way.
The hygroscopic film 3 is a material having hygroscopic property and large specific surface area, and the hygroscopic film 3 is selected from MXene materials, graphene oxide or two-dimensional transition metal sulfides.
The polyaniline film 4 is formed by polymerizing on the surface of the hygroscopic film 3 by adopting a chemical oxidative polymerization method. The polyaniline film 4 has porosity, and the size and density of the mesh in the spatial mesh structure can be controlled by adjusting and controlling polymerization parameters (such as temperature, concentration and the like).
The substrate 1 is selected from a polyimide film (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or cellulose paper.
The interdigital electrode 2 is made of any one of gold, silver, copper, graphene, carbon nanotubes and conductive polymers.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting the flexible PI substrate into a proper size, washing the flexible PI substrate by deionized water, acetone, ethanol and deionized water, naturally drying the substrate, and preparing the gold interdigital electrode on the surface of the substrate by a thermal evaporation method.
(2) Preparing niobium carbide (Nb) on surface of flexible PI substrate with gold interdigital electrode by air-jet method2CTx) The film is prepared by the following steps of: 1g of aluminum niobium carbide (Nb)2AlC) is added into a 40 wt% hydrofluoric acid solution, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 48 hours in a water bath environment at 50 ℃, precipitates are soaked into 25 wt% tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) for 72 hours after deionized water cleaning, and finally the precipitates are dispersed in an N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent after being cleaned and dried by deionized water.
(3) The device prepared in the process (2) is soaked in 1% polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and 2mg/mL sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS, pH 1) respectively, and then carefully washed with deionized water dropwise and dried in the air, so that polyaniline can grow on the surface of the device.
(4) And (3) dropwise adding 0.1mol/L Ammonium Persulfate (APS) into 0.005mol/L aniline hydrochloric acid solution in a water bath environment at about 10 ℃, continuously stirring, immersing the device prepared in the step (3) into the solution when the solution is in a medium blue color, taking out the device after the solution is changed into a dark green color after 15min, dropwise washing with hydrochloric acid, and drying to obtain the polyaniline ammonia gas sensor.
Comparative example
In this example, the step (2) was omitted compared to example 2, and the obtained polyaniline ammonia gas sensor had no hygroscopic film. The ammonia gas sensor prepared in example 2 was compared with the ammonia gas sensor prepared in the comparative example for the relevant tests:
SEM topography
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of the thin film materials obtained in the comparative example and example 2 are shown in fig. 2 and 3, respectively. As is apparent from the images, both fig. 2 and 3 have a spatial grid-like structure formed by interlacing Polyaniline (PANI) polymerized lines. In addition, niobium carbide flakes (shown as circles in the figure) laid flat under the polyaniline lattice structure can also be found in fig. 3, demonstrating that the niobium carbide thin film was successfully prepared in example 2.
2. Ammonia sensitive Performance test
The test method comprises the following steps: the device is placed in a test cavity, a high-humidity ammonia environment is provided for the test cavity by adopting a method of combining saturated salt solution humidification and dynamic gas distribution, the electrode contact point of the test cavity is subjected to resistance curve implementation detection through a Keitheley 2700 resistance meter, and then resistance change is converted into response change through a mathematical method.
And (3) testing results: FIG. 4 is a graph showing the response of example 2 and comparative example to 0.1-10ppm ammonia gas at 87.1% RH humidity, and it can be seen that example 2 (polyaniline/niobium carbide) has better ammonia-sensitive performance. This is due to the schottky barrier formed by the two materials at the interface, where the polyaniline side forms the hole depletion layer. When ammonia gas comes into contact with polyaniline, holes in the junction region are abstracted to widen the depletion layer, and the resistance becomes larger.
3. Test for moisture resistance
During breath detection, changes in ambient humidity will range from atmospheric humidity (60% RH) to exhaled air humidity (85-95% RH). Therefore, exhaled ammonia detection requires some resistance to changes in this ambient humidity. FIGS. 5 and 6 are graphs showing the response of comparative example and example 2 to 10ppm of ammonia gas in a humidity environment of 62.0% to 87.1% RH, respectively.
Comparing fig. 5 and 6, it can be seen that the composite material with niobium carbide (example 2) responds significantly more to ammonia than the comparative example under the same humidity environment.
Meanwhile, as can be seen from comparison between fig. 5 and 6, in the change of humidity from 72.2% to 87.1%, the response of the comparative example to ammonia gas is reduced by 25.9%, while the response of the example 2 is reduced by only 13.35%, and it can be seen that the composite material with niobium carbide (example 2) has a small response effect on ammonia gas under a high humidity environment, and has better humidity resistance.
The morphology analysis combined with SEM shows that the moisture resistance mechanism is as follows: by combining the hygroscopicity of the functional material and the adjustable space grid structure of the polyaniline, gas with humidity can be preferentially absorbed by the functional material through the grids of the polyaniline, so that the humidity and ammonia gas are separated at the interface of the composite material, the moisture content of the gas in contact with the polyaniline is greatly reduced, and the influence of the humidity on the gas-sensitive performance is finally reduced. The good resistance to changes in high humidity conditions makes it possible to apply the sensor of the present invention to atmospheric conditions, breath detection, and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; these modifications and substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solution to depart from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be covered by the claims and the specification of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance comprises a substrate and interdigital electrodes, and is characterized by further comprising: the moisture absorption film is arranged on the surface of the interdigital electrode, and the polyaniline film is formed on the surface of the moisture absorption film in a growing mode; the polyaniline film with the porous structure obtained by polymerization is utilized, water vapor can permeate through the polyaniline film and can be fully absorbed by the moisture absorption film, and the influence of the interaction of the water vapor and the polyaniline on the ammonia sensitivity of the whole device can be reduced.
2. The ammonia gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the hygroscopic film is a material with hygroscopic property and large specific surface area.
3. The ammonia gas sensor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hygroscopic film is selected from MXene material or graphene oxide.
4. The ammonia gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyaniline film is formed by chemical oxidative polymerization on the surface of hygroscopic film.
5. The ammonia gas sensor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the substrate is selected from polyimide film, polyethylene terephthalate or cellulose paper.
6. The ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance as claimed in claim 5, wherein the interdigital electrode is made of a material selected from any one of gold, silver, copper, graphene, carbon nanotubes and conductive polymers.
7. The method for preparing a polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps:
(1) cleaning the substrate, and preparing a conductive interdigital electrode on the surface of the substrate;
(2) preparing a hygroscopic film on the surface of a flexible substrate with interdigital electrodes;
(3) and polymerizing and growing the polyaniline film on the surface of the hygroscopic film by adopting a chemical oxidative polymerization method.
8. The method for preparing a polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance as described in claim 7, wherein the substrate cleaning comprises sequentially cleaning with deionized water, acetone, ethanol, deionized water, and then drying naturally.
9. The method for preparing a polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance as claimed in claim 7, wherein the interdigital electrode is prepared by evaporation, electrochemical polymerization, screen printing or ink-jet printing.
10. The method for preparing a polyaniline-based ammonia gas sensor with moisture resistance as described in claim 7, wherein the hygroscopic film is prepared by chemical vapor deposition, air spraying or spin coating.
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CN113984849A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 东莞理工学院 | Water-soluble polyaniline/MXene composite flexible ammonia gas sensor and preparation method thereof |
CN114199952A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-18 | 西南交通大学 | Ternary composite gas sensor and preparation method thereof |
CN114441604A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-05-06 | 电子科技大学 | Halloysite nanotube morphology modification polymer gas sensor and preparation method thereof |
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