CN111485940A - Method for backfilling and reclaiming mining pits by using slime and red mud generated by bauxite ore dressing and smelting - Google Patents
Method for backfilling and reclaiming mining pits by using slime and red mud generated by bauxite ore dressing and smelting Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical class CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reclaiming mine land by backfilling mining pits with red mud and ore mud generated by ore dressing and smelting of weathered bauxite. The material proportion is as follows by weight percentage (dry weight): 60-95% of slime, 5-40% of red mud and a plurality of ferric trichloride (anhydrous); the red mud and ferric trichloride powder are mixed, stacked, turned, mixed, aged and alkali-reduced, then mixed with the ore mud, mixed and sent to a mine pit for landfill and reclamation. The invention follows the natural law of 'from where to go', fills weathered bauxite ore washing slime and smelting red mud into the original pit after reducing alkali and mixing evenly, digests a great amount of stockpiled aged red mud, empties a large-scale stored slime warehouse, eliminates the high-suspension environmental risk, not only protects the ecological environment, but also regenerates the land resource, is also beneficial to the sustainable development of the bauxite industry, and has good ecological benefit, environmental benefit and sustainable economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of weathering bauxite mine reclamation, in particular to a method for backfilling and reclaiming a mining mine pit by using slime and red mud generated by ore dressing and smelting of bauxite.
Background
Aluminum is a non-ferrous metal with the largest yield, and the association degree with national economy is as high as 91%. During the production process of the alumina, a large amount of solid wastes such as red mud, mill run mud and the like are generated.
The red mud has the characteristics of strong alkalinity, high salinity content, difficult comprehensive utilization, large pollutant migration risk and the like. In recent years, many accidents of underground water and surface water pollution caused by red mud storage yards occur in succession in China. The disposal of red mud has become a common problem facing the international alumina industry.
Bauxite is mostly distributed in karst areas, the ecological environment of the ore field is very fragile, the stony desertification is serious, soil resources are scarce, and a large amount of bauxite goafs are not filled with enough soil sources. On the other hand, the mud level of the slime warehouse is high, the environmental risk is huge, and a large amount of land resources are occupied.
In recent years, the alumina industry in China generates about 1 hundred million tons of red mud and about 2 million tons of slime every year, and the land area occupied by the stockpiling of the red mud and the slime is nearly thousands of square kilometers. Alumina enterprises are facing the dilemma of stockpiling red mud without ground and discharging slurry without storage.
The large quantity of red mud and slime is lack of effective disposal measures. However, from the viewpoint of soil chemistry, the red mud and the mineral mud have the basic physical and chemical foundation of soil chemistry, and are beneficial to the reconstruction of the soil by the red mud and the mineral processing mud; the invention follows the natural law of 'from where to go', backfills the slime formed by dressing and smelting weathered bauxite and red mud into the original pit, digests a huge amount of stockpiled aged red mud, and empties the huge high-suspension slime storage, thereby eliminating huge environmental risks, protecting the ecological environment, regenerating natural resources, being beneficial to the sustainable development of the bauxite industry, and having good ecological benefit, environmental benefit and sustainable economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
A method for reclaiming a mining pit by backfilling the mining pit with the mud and red mud generated by bauxite ore dressing and smelting is disclosed.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the raw materials are proportioned according to the following weight percentage (dry weight): 60-95% of slime, 5-40% of red mud and a plurality of anhydrous ferric trichloride;
(2) firstly, the slime is coagulated and dehydrated to the water content of below 50 percent; dehydrating the red mud until the water content is below 30 percent;
(3) and (3) mixing the red mud obtained in the step (2) with ferric trichloride powder. Calculating the dry weight of the red mud according to the water content of the red mud; determining the adding amount of ferric trichloride (the pH value is added to be 0.10-0.20% above 11, the pH value is added to be 0.08-0.15% between 10.5-11 and the pH value is added to be 0.05-0.12% below 10.5) according to the dry weight of the red mud and the pH value thereof, and weighing according to the amount (preferably anhydrous ferric trichloride; if the ferric trichloride is hydrous, the corresponding water content is correspondingly increased); spreading the red mud by a digging machine according to the height of 1-2m, then uniformly scattering metered ferric trichloride on the red mud by the digging machine, mixing and turning the red mud by the digging machine, repeating the steps for 3-4 times, and stacking;
(4) stacking the mixed material obtained in the step (3) for 15-30 days, and then turning the pile for 2 times so as to fully disperse and uniformly mix the ferric trichloride in the red mud, and continuously stacking for 15-30 days; if the stacking period is dry (the temperature is continuously over 28 ℃ in summer and autumn, and no effective rainfall or rainfall less than 10mm occurs in the stacking period), water can be sprayed according to 3-5% of the dry weight of the red mud in the stacking process, so that the stacked red mud is prevented from drying and hardening.
(5) And (3) transporting the ore mud obtained in the step (2) and the red mud obtained in the step (4) to a pit needing to be reclaimed or a mixing and stirring station in the process. The mixing and stirring facility can be a digging machine, or can be a shaftless stirrer or other equipment with stirring function, such as a stirring tank, a stirring vehicle and the like. And (3) taking 60-95% of the slurry and 5-40% of the red mud in the step (4) according to the proportion of the mixed materials, and stirring and mixing. If the machine is an excavator, repeated mixing and stacking are needed for 4-5 times; if the stirring tool is a shaftless stirrer or a stirring tool such as a stirring tank, a stirring truck and the like, the materials are stirred for at least more than 15min each time, and the materials are ensured to be uniformly dispersed.
(6) And (5) conveying the uniformly mixed materials in the step (5) to a pit needing to be buried and reclaimed, and then leveling and compacting the materials in a layering manner (one layer is formed according to the thickness of 1.0-2.0 m) by using a forklift. If the local area lacks stripping surface soil, the uniformly mixed materials in the step (5) need to be pushed flat and compacted until the height of the ground around the pit is 0.4-1.0m higher than the height of the ground (if the depth of the pit is less than 3m, the height is preferably 0.4-0.5 m; the depth of the pit is more than 6m, the height is preferably 1.0 m; the depth of the pit is 3-6 m; and the height is preferably 0.5-1.0 m), a small amount of decomposed sludge or organic fertilizer (1-2 tons per mu) of a sewage treatment plant is spread on the surface, mechanical tillage is carried out for 1 time, general re-greening plants or sugar cane re-greening is adopted, and then soil improvement is carried out for 2-3 years to gradually convert into arable land. If the landfill reclamation is directly used for farmland, the landfill height of the pit is higher than the elevation of the ground around the pit (if the depth of the pit is lower than 3m, the landfill height is preferably the height of the ground around the pit, the depth of the pit is more than 6m, the height of the pit is preferably 0.5m, the depth of the pit is 3-6m, and the height of the pit is preferably 0.2-0.5 m), then the original peeled surface layer soil is backfilled above the pit by 0.5m or more, and the pit can be used for farmland agricultural planting after leveling.
The red mud is waste residue generated after metal aluminum is smelted by bauxite ore;
the slurry is a slurry-water mixture generated by washing weathered bauxite ore;
the ferric trichloride is qualified industrial grade anhydrous ferric trichloride or hydrous ferric trichloride sold in the market.
The decomposed sludge, the humic acid fertilizer, the organic fertilizer or the biological organic fertilizer are organic fertilizers which are detected to reach the national organic fertilizer quality standard.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the natural law of 'from where to go back to where' is fully followed, the slime formed by dressing and smelting of weathered bauxite and the red mud are backfilled into the original pit, so that the original pit is reconstructed to soil, a huge amount of stockpiled aged red mud is digested, a huge high-suspension slime warehouse is emptied, huge environmental risks are eliminated, the ecological environment is protected, natural resources are regenerated, the sustainable development of the bauxite industry is facilitated, and the bauxite pit has good ecological benefit, environmental benefit and sustainable economic benefit.
(2) Ferric trichloride is faintly acid, and ferric trichloride is adopted to reduce alkali of red mud, so that the phenomenon that similar strong acid substances react with amphoteric material aluminum oxide/aluminate while quickly neutralizing alkaline substances to consume acidic components is avoided; the slow reaction speed and high cost of neutralizing the red mud alkaline substances by adopting organic acid substances are avoided, the pH value of the red mud can be quickly reduced, the red mud does not react with aluminum oxide/aluminate as far as possible, and the technical cost of the red mud alkali reduction process is effectively controlled. The iron trichloride and the red mud are mixed, stacked, stored and turned to be beneficial to gradual uniform mixing of the iron trichloride in the sticky red mud, aging reaction and basic stability of the reaction.
(3) The red mud and the dehydrated sludge which are basically stable in reaction are uniformly mixed, so that the components of the red mud are very close to the soil around the mine pit, the reaction of residual alkaline substances in the red mud with silicate, calcium carbonate which is not completely weathered and the like in the mine mud is facilitated, the pH value of a final mixed product is reduced to be below 9.0 and close to about 8.5, the particle size is properly increased, the volume weight or the density is properly reduced and close to 1.6g/cm3, the shear strength is enhanced, the permeability coefficient is improved, the physicochemical property and the soil physical property of the mixed product are basically the same as those of the soil around the mine pit, the soil chemical treatment of the mine mud and the red mud is realized, and the foundation is laid for the subsequent agricultural fertilizer measures of supplementing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient components, organic matters, soil microorganisms and the like and.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the preparation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1: reclamation of ore mud and red mud land in certain bauxite mining area in Guangxi Pingguo county
(1) The raw materials are proportioned and weighed according to the following weight percentage (dry weight): the proportion of the ingredients is as follows: 80% of slime, 19% of red mud, 0.7% of anhydrous ferric trichloride and 0.3% of gypsum; pit volume 5000m3Total weight of material (dry weight) about 9000 tons; material quality: 13100 tons of mineral mud with water content of 45 percent, 2445 tons of red mud with water content of 30 percent, 57 tons of anhydrous ferric trichloride (powder with purity of 98 percent) and 24.5 tons of gypsum powder with 180 meshes (water content of 2 percent).
(2) The red mud yard is leveled by a forklift to be 30 x 30m2The concrete alkali-reducing mixing step is that ① takes the loading capacity of red mud yard transportation vehicles as basic metering unit, namely each vehicle (24 m)3Or about 43 tons) of red mud, 1 ton of anhydrous ferric trichloride is needed to be added, ② is used for unloading 24m3Or about 43 tons of red mud is flattened by a digging machine according to the height of 1-2m, then 1 ton of ferric trichloride is uniformly scattered on the red mud by the digging machine, then the digging machine is used for mixing and turning the piles, the processes are repeated for 3-4 times and piled, in order to ensure that the adding amount of the ferric trichloride is uniform, the red mud and 1 ton of powder ferric trichloride are mixed in a professional mode in each car, the mixed product can be continuously piled by a plurality of cars, ③ is piled for 30 days, and then the piles are continuously turned for 2 times, so that the ferric trichloride is fully dispersed and uniformly mixed in the red mud, and the piles are continuously piled for 20 days.
(3) After 50 days, delivering 13100 tons of ore mud with the water content of 45 percent and alkali-reduced aged red mud to a mixing and stirring station near backfill reclamation, metering the ore mud and the red mud by adopting a vibrating feeder in the mixing station, respectively feeding the ore mud and the red mud, and stirring in a stirring tank for 20 min. After stirring, conveying to a nearby landfill reclamation pit by a conveying belt, and leveling and compacting by a forklift according to a layer of 1.5m until the landfill layer exceeds the surrounding ground by 0.5 m. And then, backfilling 0.5m of original stripped surface soil above the soil, leveling, and loosening the soil of 0.3m of surface reclaimed soil by using a mechanical tillage machine to form reclaimed land which is handed to local villagers.
Example 2: reclamation of ore mud and red mud in ore pit of bauxite in Bai-color city of Guangxi
(1) The raw materials are proportioned and weighed according to the following weight percentage (dry weight): the proportion of the ingredients is as follows: 85% of mineral mud, 14.1% of red mud, 0.6% of anhydrous ferric trichloride and 0.3% of gypsum; pit volume 10000m3Total weight of material (dry weight) about 18000 tons; material quality: 28333 tons of slime with water content of 44 percent, 3626 tons of red mud with water content of 30 percent, 108 tons of anhydrous ferric trichloride (powder and purity of 96 percent) and 54 tons of gypsum powder with 180 meshes (water content of 2 percent).
(2) The red mud yard is leveled by a forklift to be 40 x 40m2The concrete alkali-reducing mixing step is that ① takes the loading capacity of red mud yard transportation vehicles as basic metering unit, namely each vehicle (24 m)3Or about 43 tons) of red mud, 1.2 tons of anhydrous ferric trichloride is needed to be added, ② meters of discharged 24m3Or about 43 tons of red mud is flattened by a digging machine according to the height of 1-2m, then 1.2 tons of ferric trichloride is uniformly scattered on the red mud by the digging machine, then the digging machine is used for mixing and turning the pile, the process is repeated for 3-4 times and piled, in order to ensure that the adding amount of the ferric trichloride is uniform, the red mud and 1.2 tons of powder ferric trichloride are mixed in a professional mode in each car, the mixed product can be continuously piled by a plurality of cars, ③ is piled for 20 days, and then the pile is continuously turned for 2 times, so that the ferric trichloride is fully dispersed and uniformly mixed in the red mud, the pile is continuously piled for 25 days, during the piling period, the south is in positive state, the weather is dry (the temperature is continuously over 28 ℃, effective rainfall does not appear during the piling period), and during the pile turning process for the second time, water is sprinkled according to the weight of 4% of the dry.
(3) After 45 days, 28333 tons of ore mud with the water content of 44 percent and alkali-reduced aged red mud are transported to a mixing and stirring station near the backfill reclamation, the mixing station adopts a vibrating feeder to respectively feed the ore mud and the red mud, and the stirring tank is used for stirring for 20 min. After stirring, conveying to a nearby landfill reclamation pit by using a conveying belt, and leveling and compacting by a forklift according to 2m layers until the landfill layer exceeds the peripheral ground by 0.4 m. And then, backfilling 0.5m of original stripped surface soil above the soil, leveling, and loosening the soil of 0.3m of surface reclaimed soil by using a mechanical tillage machine to form reclaimed land which is handed to local villagers.
Claims (5)
1. A method for backfilling and reclaiming mining pits by using slime and red mud generated by bauxite ore dressing and smelting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the raw materials are mixed according to the following weight percentages by weight: 60-95% of slime, 5-40% of red mud and a plurality of anhydrous ferric trichloride;
(2) coagulating and dehydrating the slurry until the water content is below 50%, and coagulating and dehydrating the red mud until the water content is below 30%;
(3) mixing the red mud obtained in the step (2) with ferric trichloride powder, and calculating the dry weight of the red mud of a single vehicle of a transport vehicle according to the water content of the red mud; determining the adding amount of ferric trichloride according to the dry weight of the red mud and the pH value thereof, adding 0.08-0.20% of ferric trichloride with the pH value above 11, 0.06-0.15% of ferric trichloride with the pH value between 10.5-11 and 0.04-0.12% of ferric trichloride with the pH value below 10.5, and weighing according to the amount, wherein if the ferric trichloride contains water, the corresponding water content is correspondingly increased; spreading the red mud by a digging machine according to the thickness of 1-2m, uniformly scattering metered ferric trichloride on the red mud by the digging machine, mixing and stacking by the digging machine, repeatedly turning and stacking for 3-4 times, and stacking;
(4) stacking the mixed material obtained in the step (3) for 15-30 days, and then turning the pile for 2 times so as to fully disperse and uniformly mix the ferric trichloride in the red mud, and continuously stacking for 15-30 days; if the temperature is continuously over 28 ℃ in summer or autumn during the stacking period and no effective rainfall or accumulated rainfall less than 10mm occurs during the stacking period, sprinkling water according to 3-5% of the dry weight of the red mud during the pile turning process is needed to prevent the stacked red mud from withering and hardening;
(5) transporting the slime obtained in the step (2) and the red mud obtained in the step (4) to a pit to be backfilled or a mixing and stirring station in the process of backfilling for reclamation, mixing and stirring, wherein a mixing and stirring facility can be a digging machine, or a shaftless stirrer or a stirring tank, a stirring tank and a stirring truck, taking 60% -95% of the slime and 5% -40% of the red mud obtained in the step (4) according to the proportion of the mixed materials, stirring and mixing, and if the mud is the digging machine, repeatedly mixing and piling for 4-5 times; if the material is a shaftless stirrer or a stirring tank, a stirring tank or a stirring truck, the material is stirred for at least more than 15min each time, so that the materials are uniformly dispersed;
(6) conveying the uniformly mixed materials in the step (5) to a pit needing to be buried and reclaimed, then leveling and compacting the uniformly mixed materials in a layer by a forklift according to the thickness of 1.0-2.0m, if the local area lacks stripping surface soil, leveling and compacting the uniformly mixed materials in the step (5) until the height of the ground around the pit is 0.4-1.0m higher than the height of the ground, and if the depth of the pit is lower than 3m, the height of the ground is preferably 0.4-0.5m higher than the height of the ground; the depth of the pit is more than 6m, and the height is preferably 1.0 m; the depth of the pit is 3-6m, the height is preferably 0.5-1.0m, a small amount of decomposed sludge of a sewage treatment plant, decomposed fertilizer, 1-2 tons of organic fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer per mu are spread on the surface, mechanical plowing is carried out for 1 time, general greening plants or sugar cane is adopted for greening, and then soil improvement is carried out for 2-3 years to gradually convert the soil into cultivated land, if landfill reclamation is directly carried out to cultivate land, the landfill height of the pit is equal to or higher than the ground elevation at the periphery of the pit, and if the depth of the pit is lower than 3m, the landfill height is preferably equal to the ground elevation at the periphery of the pit; the depth of the pit is more than 6m, and the height is preferably 0.5 m; the depth of the pit is 3-6m, the height is preferably 0.2-0.5m, then the original peeled surface soil is backfilled above the pit by 0.5m or more, and the pit can be used as agricultural planting in farmland after being leveled.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the red mud is waste residue from the smelting of metallic aluminum from bauxite ore.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the slurry is a slurry mixture produced by washing weathered bauxite ore.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ferric trichloride is commercially acceptable technical grade anhydrous ferric trichloride or hydrous ferric trichloride.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decomposed sludge, humic acid fertilizer, organic fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer is organic fertilizer which is detected to meet the national organic fertilizer quality standard.
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| CN113860674A (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2021-12-31 | 桂林理工大学 | Method for improving alkali control uniformity of red mud by using liquid magnesium chloride and ferric chloride |
| CN113860675A (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2021-12-31 | 桂林理工大学 | Method for controlling alkali by adopting solid combined reagent red mud |
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