CN111485291A - Production process of polyester staple fiber - Google Patents
Production process of polyester staple fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN111485291A CN111485291A CN202010301968.3A CN202010301968A CN111485291A CN 111485291 A CN111485291 A CN 111485291A CN 202010301968 A CN202010301968 A CN 202010301968A CN 111485291 A CN111485291 A CN 111485291A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/04—Melting filament-forming substances
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/10—Filtering or de-aerating the spinning solution or melt
- D01D1/106—Filtering
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
- D01D10/02—Heat treatment
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
- D01D5/092—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes in shafts or chimneys
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/096—Humidity control, or oiling, of filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
- D01D5/16—Stretch-spinning methods using rollers, or like mechanical devices, e.g. snubbing pins
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D7/00—Collecting the newly-spun products
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01G1/00—Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J13/00—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass
- D02J13/001—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass in a tube or vessel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of production of regenerated polyester fibers, and discloses a production process of polyester staple fibers, which comprises the following steps in sequence: pretreating raw materials, extracting the raw materials to a dry material bin, spirally pushing, melting the raw materials, finely filtering slurry, spinning, guiding the filaments to a barrel, transferring and bundling, primarily drafting, carrying out oil bath, secondarily drafting, heating by steam, tensively heat-setting, curling, swinging the filaments, loosely heat-setting, cutting and packaging. The raw materials are thoroughly dried, and the moisture on the surface of the raw materials and among the molecules of the raw materials is effectively removed, so that the raw materials are close to the primary polyester, and the spinnability of the raw materials is improved. The slurry is subjected to alcoholysis and tackifying treatment before spinning, so that the toughness of the spun fiber is enhanced, the spun fiber is not easy to break, and the quality of the fiber is improved. Oiling is carried out on the fiber in the fiber slurry filamentation process, the temperature of the fiber is reduced, static electricity is removed, the fiber is prevented from being mutually adhered, and the problem that the fiber is easy to break is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of production of regenerated polyester fibers, in particular to a production process of polyester staple fibers.
Background
Polyester fibers, commonly known as "dacron". Is synthetic fiber obtained by spinning polyester formed by polycondensation of organic dibasic acid and dihydric alcohol, and is called PET for short.
The polyester staple fiber is prepared from polyester particles by removing impurities, drying, absorbing moisture, melt spinning, oiling, winding, balancing, bundling, stretching, curling, loosening, shaping, cutting, packaging and warehousing. The polyester staple fiber has high strength, high durability, high corrosion and mildew resistance and other excellent performance, and may be used widely in high grade clothing, leather product, medical operation, military article, etc.
In the prior art, for example, a Chinese patent publication (name: a polyester staple fiber production process, publication number: CN 108914235A), the production process adopts the following steps: a polyester staple fiber production process comprises the steps of drying polyester fiber sheets at high temperature of S2, removing metal impurities of S3, heating and melting S4, filtering S5, distributing by an S6 metering pump, spinning S7, screening S8, drawing S9 twice, folding S10, pre-shaping S11, curling S12, shredding S13, loosening and shaping S14 and scattering S15; the oil agent is soaked in an oil agent groove for 50-60 min before S9 is pulled twice, and the chemical compositions of the oil agent in percentage by mass are as follows: 15-25% of laureth sulfate TEA salt, 15-25% of decyl betaine, 40-50% of potassium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 8-12% of glutamyl amino ethyl indole and 2-8% of hyaluronic acid benzyl ester. The polyester fiber yarns are oiled, and the produced polyester staple fibers have good antistatic performance by using the oiling agent.
The technical scheme only solves the problem of static electricity of the fiber bundle before stretching, and still has the following problems:
the drying of the raw materials is not thorough, and the slurry is not subjected to thorough tackifying treatment after the raw materials are melted into the slurry, so that the spinnability of the slurry is poor, the problems of static electricity and high temperature and easy breakage of the fiber yarns still exist in the fiber slurry yarn forming process, and the sizing stage is not fine enough.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production process of polyester staple fibers, which has the advantages that raw materials are thoroughly dried, and alcoholysis and tackifying treatment are carried out on slurry before spinning, so that the toughness of spun fibers is enhanced, the spun fibers are not easy to break, and the quality of the spun fibers is improved.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a production process of polyester staple fibers comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of raw materials
Adding the raw materials into a drying drum for drying, wherein the drying temperature of the drying drum is 160-180 ℃, and the drying time is 8-10 h; when the materials are dried, after the temperature in the drying drum reaches 160 ℃, starting a vacuum pumping system to enable the vacuum degree in the drying drum to reach-0.09 Pa, keeping for 6-7h, and discharging to a pit after the temperature in the drying drum is below 90 ℃;
s2, lifting the materials to a dry material bin
Lifting the dried raw materials in the pit to a dry material bin by a packing auger, and introducing dry hot air at the bottom of the dry material bin when feeding, wherein the air speed is 0.8-1.2 m/s; a feeding port of the dry material bin is provided with a strong magnetic rod to adsorb iron impurities;
s3, spirally pushing the materials
A feed port of the screw extruder is butted with a discharge port of the dry material bin, the materials are extruded and conveyed in a screw mode, and the materials are melted into slurry through a heating assembly arranged on the screw extruder in the conveying process;
s4, filtering and alcoholysis of the slurry, homogenizing and viscosity increasing
The slurry enters an alcoholysis reaction kettle through a pipeline, a proper amount of glycol alcoholized slurry is added into the alcoholysis reaction kettle, then the slurry enters a homogenizing viscosity increasing kettle through the pipeline, a primary filter screen plate is arranged at the upper part of the homogenizing viscosity increasing kettle and is used for filtering the slurry, the viscosity of the slurry is increased in the homogenizing viscosity increasing kettle through stirring, and the homogenizing viscosity increasing kettle is vacuumized in the homogenizing viscosity increasing process;
s5, fine filtering of slurry: a secondary filter is arranged at the slurry outlet of the homogenizing viscosity increasing kettle, the slurry is finely filtered, then the slurry enters a melt pipeline, and a metering pump is accurately and uniformly distributed to each spinning box;
s6, spinning: the spinning box uniformly distributes the slurry to each spinning position through a metering pump, the slurry is extruded at the spinning position and penetrates out of the spinning plate to form filamentous slurry, the filamentous slurry forms fiber filaments under the action of cooling air blown by the inner ring air blowing device, and then the wet oiling is carried out on the fiber filaments through the oil feeding wheel; the moistening and oiling functions are as follows: one is to increase the cohesion of each fiber, the tows can not be scattered when passing through a feeding wheel and a dropping barrel, the friction between the tows and a winding device of a guide wire roller is reduced, the friction condition of the tows and the winding device of the guide wire roller is improved, the damage and the breakage of the fibers are prevented, and the electric charge carried by the fibers is eliminated or reduced; secondly, the infiltration of the oil molecules on the fiber is beneficial to the relaxation of the internal stress of the primary polyester yarn; and thirdly, the post-spinning bundling is facilitated, and the whole tows are aligned and level in arrangement and balanced in tension and can enter the post-spinning drafting process.
S7, integrating the primary fiber yarns of each spinning position into bundles through a traction machine wheel set, enabling the bundles to enter a transfer barrel body through a feeding wheel, fixing the transfer barrel body on an equipment base, driving the transfer barrel body to rotate spirally through the equipment base, and enabling the fiber bundles to be stacked spirally in the transfer barrel body through a fiber swinging plate on the lower side of the feeding wheel;
s8, conveying the transfer barrel body to a bundling frame, leading the fiber bundle to move under the action of a traction wheel set under the action of the bundling frame, leading the fiber bundle to pass through a wire conveying plate, and forming ribbon fibers after passing through a pressing wheel set;
s9, carrying out primary drafting on the ribbon fiber through a first drafting unit, and after drafting, feeding the ribbon fiber into an oil bath tank for oiling;
s10, performing secondary drafting on the fiber belt passing through the oil bath groove by a second drafting unit, and heating the fiber belt after the secondary drafting in a steam heating box;
s11, stretching the heated ribbon fiber for three times through a third drafting unit, wherein the third drafting unit adopts a 12-roller unit, the surface temperature of the roller is 150-160 ℃, the total time of the ribbon fiber passing through the roller surface is controlled to be 8-12S, tension heat setting is carried out, and then the ribbon fiber is synthesized into a total ribbon fiber through a yarn folding machine;
s12, curling the total ribbon fiber by a curling machine, wherein the curling temperature is between 100 DEG and 130 DEG, and the air pressure of a curling wheel is 3.0 to 3.5Kg/cm2；
S13, flatly paving the curled total ribbon-shaped fibers by a yarn swinging machine, and then feeding the fibers into an oven;
s14, performing relaxation heat setting, namely performing relaxation heat setting on the crimped fibers in an oven, and gradually increasing the heating temperature of the crimped fibers from 45-50 degrees to 160-200 degrees and then gradually decreasing the temperature to 30-45 degrees in the process of shaping and walking the crimped fibers, and then taking the crimped fibers out of the oven;
and S15, cutting the fibers subjected to loose heat setting by a cutting machine, and then conveying the fibers to a packaging machine by a blower for packaging and warehousing to finish the whole production process.
By adopting the technical scheme: the raw materials are dried, not only can the moisture on the surfaces be removed, the high-temperature drying is carried out for a long time, the moisture among the molecules of the raw materials is also separated out, the separated moisture is extracted in a vacuumizing mode, the processed raw materials are closer to the original ecological polyester material, after the raw materials are formed into slurry in a molten state through a spiral extrusion structure, alcoholysis and tackifying are carried out on the raw materials, the distance between the processed raw materials and the average molecules is reduced, the slurry is more uniform, the viscosity of the slurry is increased simultaneously, the spinnability of the raw materials is improved, the spun fiber filaments have higher toughness, and the spun fiber filaments are not easy to break.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in the step S1, when the material is dried, after the temperature in the drying drum reaches 160 ℃, starting a vacuum pumping system to enable the vacuum degree in the drying drum to reach-0.09 Pa, keeping for 6-7h, and discharging the material to a pit after the temperature in the drying drum is reduced to below 90 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme: above-mentioned drying temperature and drying time can carry out thorough drying to the raw materials after the recovery processing, thoroughly gets rid of raw materials surface and intermolecular moisture, and when carrying out the ejection of compact, the temperature is below to 90 in the dry rotary drum, and the moisture in the high temperature air adheres to the surface of raw materials once more when avoiding the ejection of compact, has promoted the drying quality of raw materials.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S3, the inner part of the screw extruder is a feeding section and a compression section, wherein the outer side of the compression section is provided with a heating assembly, the heating temperature of the heating assembly is 280-300 °, and the raw materials are melted into a slurry state.
By adopting the technical scheme: when the raw material passes through the compression section, solid particles or sheets are fused into slurry due to the compression of the raw material and the heating of the compression section.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S4, alcoholysis and homogenization of the slurry utilizes the reversible reaction mechanism of the polyester:
adding ethylene glycol into an alcoholysis reaction kettle, alcoholyzing polyester into monomer BHET, then feeding into a homogenization viscosity-increasing kettle, reducing the content of EG by stirring and vacuumizing, forcing the reaction to develop towards PET, and improving the viscosity of slurry.
By adopting the technical scheme: through alcoholysis and viscosity increasing, the space between molecules is reduced and averaged, so that the slurry is more uniform, the viscosity of the slurry is increased, and the spinnability of the slurry is improved.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S5, a heating assembly is arranged in the spinning box, and the temperature of the slurry in the box body is controlled by the heating assembly to be 18-34 degrees higher than the melting point temperature of the raw materials.
By adopting the technical scheme: the slurry is ensured to be always in a molten state, but the temperature cannot be greatly increased, and is preferably maintained to be increased by 18-34 degrees, and if the temperature is increased too much, the viscosity of the slurry is reduced, so that the spinnability of the slurry is reduced.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S6, the cooling air blown out by the inner ring blowing device has an air temperature of 18-22 degrees, an air humidity of 70-90 percent and a speed of 0.3-0.7m/S, the oiling is performed in a vertical double-sided oiling mode, the oiling agent is a silicon oil emulsion, and the silicon oil concentration is 0.15-1 percent.
By adopting the technical scheme: the temperature of the energy-saving air is set to be 18-22 degrees, the temperature of the pulp filaments is not easy to be bonded, the wind speed is not too high, the wind speed is preferably 0.3-0.7m/s, and the wind speed is kept to be 70-90 percent.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S9, the length of the oil bath is 4-6m, and the oil in the oil bath is silicone oil emulsion with a silicone oil concentration of 1.0-2.0%.
By adopting the technical scheme: the length of the oil bath groove must ensure that the fiber bundle can be completely immersed in the oil bath groove, and in order to ensure the concentration of the oil agent, the silicone oil is added in a mode of adding at intervals or continuously dripping.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S10, the steam temperature in the steam heating box is 100-
By adopting the technical scheme: the fiber bundle is heated by high-temperature steam and then stretched, so that the temperature resistance of the fiber bundle is improved.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S11, the total ribbon fiber is stretched and heat-set using a 12-roll, the surface temperature of the roll being 150-159 °.
By adopting the technical scheme: by adopting the 150-159 DEG tension high-temperature heat setting mode, the original orientation is not easy to be disoriented and is more regular, and the original orientation degree is maintained or slightly improved; at the same time, fiber strength and modulus can be increased and elongation reduced due to increased crystallinity.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S14, the crimped fiber sequentially passes through a drying zone, a shaping zone and a cooling zone of an oven, wherein the temperature of the drying zone is 40-45 degrees, the temperature of the shaping zone is 160-180 degrees, the shaping time of the crimped fiber in the shaping zone is not less than 6min, and then the crimped fiber enters the cooling zone to be cooled at low temperature, and the cooling temperature of the cooling zone is 30-40 degrees.
By adopting the technical scheme: the fiber belt is subjected to interval relaxation heat setting, so that the toughness of the fiber belt is enhanced, and fine control is realized.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the raw materials are thoroughly dried, so that the surface of the raw materials and the moisture among the molecules of the raw materials are effectively removed, the raw materials are close to the primary polyester, and the spinnability of the raw materials is improved.
2. The slurry is subjected to alcoholysis and tackifying treatment before spinning, so that the toughness of the spun fiber is enhanced, the spun fiber is not easy to break, and the quality of the fiber is improved.
3. Oiling is carried out on the fiber in the fiber slurry filamentation process, the temperature of the fiber is reduced, static electricity is removed, the fiber is prevented from being mutually adhered, and the problem that the fiber is easy to break is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the production process of polyester staple fiber disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of raw materials
Adding the raw materials into a drying drum for drying, wherein the drying temperature of the drying drum is 180 ℃, and the drying time is 9 h; when the materials are dried, after the temperature in the drying drum reaches 160 degrees, the vacuumizing system is started to enable the vacuum degree in the drying drum to reach-0.09 Pa and keep for 7 hours, after the drying is finished, the temperature in the drying drum is up to 60 degrees, then the materials are discharged to a pit, and the situation that the discharging temperature is too high and the moisture in the air is attached to the surface of the raw materials again is avoided.
S2, lifting the materials to a dry material bin
Lifting the dried raw materials in the pit to a dry material bin by a packing auger, and introducing dry hot air at the bottom of the dry material bin when feeding, wherein the air speed is 1 m/s; a feeding port of the dry material bin is provided with a strong magnetic rod to adsorb iron impurities; during feeding, the dry hot air can further take out moisture attached to air in the material lifting process.
S3, spirally pushing the materials
A feed port of the screw extruder is butted with a discharge port of the dry material bin, the materials are extruded and conveyed in a screw mode, and the materials are melted into slurry through a heating assembly arranged on the screw extruder in the conveying process; the screw extruder is internally provided with a feeding section and a compression section, wherein the outer side of the compression section is provided with a heating assembly, the heating temperature of the heating assembly is 300 ℃, and under the condition of the temperature, the raw material is fused into slurry from solid particles or sheets due to the compression and the heating of the compression section.
S4, filtering and alcoholysis of the slurry, homogenizing and viscosity increasing
The slurry enters an alcoholysis reaction kettle through a pipeline, a proper amount of glycol alcoholized slurry is added into the alcoholysis reaction kettle, then the slurry enters a homogenizing viscosity increasing kettle through the pipeline, a primary filter screen plate is arranged at the upper part of the homogenizing viscosity increasing kettle and is used for filtering the slurry, the viscosity of the slurry is increased in the homogenizing viscosity increasing kettle through stirring, and the homogenizing viscosity increasing kettle is vacuumized in the homogenizing viscosity increasing process;
alcoholysis and homogenization of the slurry utilize the reversible reaction mechanism of the polyester:
adding ethylene glycol into an alcoholysis reaction kettle, alcoholyzing polyester into monomer BHET, then feeding into a homogenization viscosity-increasing kettle, reducing the content of EG by stirring and vacuumizing, forcing the reaction to develop towards PET, and improving the viscosity of slurry.
S5, fine filtering of slurry: a secondary filter is arranged at the slurry outlet of the homogenizing viscosity increasing kettle, the slurry is finely filtered, then the slurry enters a melt pipeline, and a metering pump is accurately and uniformly distributed to each spinning box;
s6, spinning: the spinning box uniformly distributes the slurry to each spinning position through a metering pump, the spinning positions extrude the slurry through a spinning plate, the filamentous slurry forms fiber filaments under the action of cooling air blown by an inner ring air blowing device, and then the fiber filaments are wetted and oiled through an oiling wheel; the spinning incasement is equipped with heating element, and the temperature of the interior slurry of heating element control box is higher than raw materials melting point temperature by 25, guarantees that the slurry is the molten state all the time, but the temperature also can not be higher than a lot, keeps higher than 18-34 for suitable, if it is too much higher, the viscosity of slurry can reduce, has just reduced the spinnability of slurry, double-sided oiling mode about the oiling adoption is about the oiling, the finish of adoption is silicone oil emulsion, its silicone oil concentration is 0.5%, the effect of oiling for giving the humidity is: one is to increase the cohesion of each fiber, the tows can not be scattered when passing through a feeding wheel and a dropping barrel, the friction between the tows and a winding device of a guide wire roller is reduced, the friction condition of the tows and the winding device of the guide wire roller is improved, the damage and the breakage of the fibers are prevented, and the electric charge carried by the fibers is eliminated or reduced; secondly, the infiltration of the oil molecules on the fiber is beneficial to the relaxation of the internal stress of the primary polyester yarn; and thirdly, the post-spinning bundling is facilitated, the whole tows are aligned and level in arrangement and balanced in tension and enter a post-spinning drafting process, wherein the air temperature of cooling air blown out by the inner ring blowing device is 20 degrees, the wind resistance is 80 percent, and the wind speed is 0.5 m/s.
S7, integrating the primary fiber yarns of each spinning position into bundles through a traction machine wheel set, enabling the bundles to enter a transfer barrel body through a feeding wheel, fixing the transfer barrel body on an equipment base, driving the transfer barrel body to rotate through the equipment base, and enabling the bundles to be spirally stacked in the transfer barrel body by matching with a fiber swinging plate on the lower side of the feeding wheel to avoid bonding among the bundles.
S8, conveying the transfer barrel body to a bundling frame, dividing the bundling frame into a plurality of sub-frames, arranging a bundle guiding wheel on each sub-frame, leading the fiber bundles to move under the action of a traction wheel set, passing through a wire transmission plate, arranging a plurality of positioning holes on the wire transmission plate, integrating the fiber bundles into a whole bundle after passing through the positioning holes, and then forming the ribbon fibers after passing through a pressing wheel set.
S9, carrying out primary drafting on the ribbon fiber through a first drafting unit, and after drafting, feeding the ribbon fiber into an oil bath tank for oiling; the length of oil bath groove is 5m, wherein the bottom of oil bath groove is equipped with the roll body group, and banded fibre passes through by the downside of roll body group, makes banded fibre oil comprehensively, and the finish of oil bath groove is the silicone oil emulsion, and its silicone oil concentration is 2.0%, and in the actual operation, because the moisture that nascent fibre bundle brought can make the concentration of finish reduce gradually, in order to guarantee the concentration of finish, adopt the interval to add or continuous dropwise mode increase silicone oil.
S10, carrying out secondary drafting on the fiber belt in the oil bath groove by a second drafting unit, carrying out secondary drafting, then heating the fiber belt in a steam heating box, after the primary drafting, increasing the glass transition temperature of the fiber to about 80 degrees containing crystalline state non-orientation from about 68 degrees of amorphous primary yarn, and increasing the environmental temperature if further drafting is needed, so that the steam temperature in the steam heating box is set to be 110 degrees, and at the moment, greatly increasing the temperature resistance of the fiber subjected to secondary drafting.
S11, stretching the heated ribbon fiber for three times through a third drafting unit, performing tension heat setting, and then synthesizing a total ribbon fiber through a yarn folding machine; after the previous two times of drafting, certain practical value is achieved, if the process directly enters the curling and relaxation heat setting stages, the front formed supermolecular structure has certain change, wherein the orientation structure of the amorphous region and the edge part of the crystalline region of the macromolecule is influenced, the strength of the fiber can be reduced, and the elongation is increased, so that the 12 roller body is adopted to carry out the stretching heat setting on the total ribbon fiber, the surface temperature of the roller body is 155 degrees, the total time of the ribbon fiber passing through the roller surface is controlled to be more than 8 seconds, the original orientation is not easy to be solved and is more regular, the original orientation degree is maintained or slightly improved, and simultaneously, due to the improvement of the crystallinity, the fiber strength and the modulus can be increased, and the elongation is reduced.
S12, curling the total ribbon fiber by a curling machine, wherein the curling temperature is 120 degrees, and the air pressure of a curling wheel is 3.0-3.5Kg/cm2And fibers with high orientation degree and crystallinity degree can be formed.
S13, flatly paving the curled total ribbon fiber by a yarn swinging machine, then feeding the flat crimped total ribbon fiber into an oven, and performing relaxation and heat setting in the oven;
and S14, performing loose heat setting on the crimped fiber in an oven, sequentially passing the crimped fiber through a drying area, a setting area and a cooling area of the oven, wherein the temperature of the drying area is 45 degrees, the temperature of the setting area is 170 degrees, the setting time of the crimped fiber in the setting area is not less than 6min, cooling the crimped fiber in the cooling area at 30 degrees, performing the intermittent loose heat setting on the fiber band, so that the toughness of the fiber band is enhanced, and the fine control is realized.
And S15, cutting the fibers subjected to loose heat setting by a cutting machine, and then conveying the fibers to a packaging machine by a blower for packaging and warehousing to finish the whole production process.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A production process of polyester staple fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of raw materials
Adding the raw materials into a drying drum for drying, wherein the drying temperature of the drying drum is 160-180 ℃, and the drying time is 8-10 h;
s2, lifting the materials to a dry material bin
Lifting the dried raw materials in the pit to a dry material bin by a packing auger, and introducing dry hot air at the bottom of the dry material bin when feeding, wherein the air speed is 0.8-1.2 m/s; a feeding port of the dry material bin is provided with a strong magnetic rod to adsorb iron impurities;
s3, spirally pushing and melting materials
A feed port of the screw extruder is butted with a discharge port of the dry material bin, the materials are extruded and conveyed in a screw mode, and the materials are melted into slurry through a heating assembly arranged on the screw extruder in the conveying process;
s4, filtering and alcoholysis of the slurry, homogenizing and viscosity increasing
The slurry enters an alcoholysis reaction kettle through a pipeline, a proper amount of glycol alcoholized slurry is added into the alcoholysis reaction kettle, then the slurry enters a homogenizing tackifying kettle through the pipeline, a primary filter screen plate is arranged at the upper part of the homogenizing tackifying kettle to filter the slurry, the viscosity of the slurry is increased in the homogenizing tackifying kettle through stirring, and the homogenizing tackifying kettle is vacuumized in the homogenizing tackifying process;
s5, fine filtering of slurry: a secondary filter is arranged at the slurry outlet of the homogenizing viscosity increasing kettle, the slurry is finely filtered, then the slurry enters a melt pipeline, and a metering pump is accurately and uniformly distributed to each spinning box;
s6, spinning: the spinning box distributes the slurry to each spinning position uniformly through a metering pump, the slurry is extruded at the spinning position and penetrates out of the spinning plate to form filamentous slurry, the filamentous slurry forms fiber filaments under the action of cooling air blown by the inner ring air blowing device, and then the wet oiling is carried out on the fiber filaments through the oil feeding wheel;
s7, integrating the primary fiber yarns of each spinning position into bundles through a traction machine wheel set, enabling the bundles to enter a transfer barrel body through a feeding wheel, fixing the transfer barrel body on an equipment base, driving the transfer barrel body to rotate through the equipment base, and enabling the fiber bundles to be spirally stacked in the transfer barrel body through matching with a fiber swinging plate on the lower side of the feeding wheel;
s8, conveying the transfer barrel body to a bundling frame, leading the fiber bundle to move under the action of a traction wheel set under the action of the bundling frame, leading the fiber bundle to pass through a wire conveying plate, and forming ribbon fibers after passing through a pressing wheel set;
s9, carrying out primary drafting on the ribbon fiber through a first drafting unit, and after drafting, feeding the ribbon fiber into an oil bath tank for oiling;
s10, performing secondary drafting on the fiber belt passing through the oil bath groove by a second drafting unit, and heating the fiber belt after the secondary drafting in a steam heating box;
s11, stretching the heated ribbon fiber for three times through a third drafting unit, wherein the third drafting unit adopts a 12-roller unit, the surface temperature of the roller is 150-160 ℃, the total time of the ribbon fiber passing through the roller surface is controlled to be 8-12S, tension heat setting is carried out, and then the ribbon fiber is synthesized into a total ribbon fiber through a yarn folding machine;
s12, curling the total ribbon fiber by a curling machine, wherein the curling temperature is between 100 DEG and 130 DEG, and the air pressure of a curling wheel is 3.0 to 3.5Kg/cm2；
S13, flatly paving the curled total ribbon-shaped fibers by a yarn swinging machine, and then feeding the fibers into an oven;
s14, performing relaxation heat setting, namely performing relaxation heat setting on the crimped fibers in an oven, and gradually increasing the heating temperature of the crimped fibers from 45-50 degrees to 160-200 degrees and then gradually decreasing the temperature to 30-45 degrees in the process of shaping and walking the crimped fibers, and then taking the crimped fibers out of the oven;
and S15, cutting the fibers subjected to loose heat setting by a cutting machine, and then conveying the fibers to a packaging machine by a blower for packaging and warehousing to finish the whole production process.
2. The production process of polyester staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, when the material is dried and the temperature in the drying drum reaches 160 °, the vacuum system is started to make the vacuum degree in the drying drum reach-0.09 Pa and keep 6-7h, and after the drying is completed, the temperature in the drying drum is reduced to below 90 ° and then discharged to the pit.
3. The process for producing polyester staple fibers according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the screw extruder comprises a feeding section and a compression section, wherein the compression section is provided with a heating assembly at an outside temperature of 280-300 ° to melt the raw material into a slurry state.
4. The process for producing polyester staple fibers according to claim 1, wherein the alcoholysis and homogenization of the slurry in step S4 utilize the reversible reaction mechanism of polyester:
adding ethylene glycol into an alcoholysis reaction kettle, alcoholyzing polyester into monomer BHET, then feeding into a homogenization viscosity-increasing kettle, reducing the content of EG by stirring and vacuumizing, forcing the reaction to develop towards PET, and improving the viscosity of slurry.
5. The process for producing polyester staple fibers according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, a heating assembly is provided in the spinning box, and the temperature of the slurry in the box body is controlled by the heating assembly to be 18 to 34 ° higher than the melting point of the raw material.
6. The production process of polyester staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, the cooling air blown from the inner circular blowing device has a wind temperature of 18 to 22 °, a wind speed of 70 to 90%, and a wind speed of 0.3 to 0.7m/S, wherein the oiling is performed by a top-bottom double-sided oiling method, and the oiling agent is silicone oil emulsion with a silicone oil concentration of 0.15 to 1%.
7. The process for producing polyester staple fibers according to claim 1, wherein in step S9, the oil bath has a length of 4 to 6m, and the oil in the oil bath is a silicone oil emulsion having a silicone oil concentration of 1.0 to 2.0%.
8. The process for producing polyester staple fibers according to claim 1, wherein the steam temperature in the steam heating tank in step S10 is 100-110 °.
9. The process for producing polyester staple fibers according to claim 1, wherein in step S11, the total ribbon fiber is subjected to stretch heat setting using 12 rolls, the surface temperature of the rolls being 150-159 °.
10. The process for producing polyester staple fibers according to claim 1, wherein in the step S14, the crimped fibers pass through a drying zone, a shaping zone and a cooling zone of an oven in sequence, wherein the temperature of the drying zone is 40-45 °, the temperature of the shaping zone is 160-180 °, the shaping time of the crimped fibers in the shaping zone is not less than 6min, and then the crimped fibers are cooled in the cooling zone at a cooling temperature of 30-40 °.
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