CN111479663A - 用于生产塑料件特别是粘合剂施用的装置和方法 - Google Patents
用于生产塑料件特别是粘合剂施用的装置和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于生产塑料件(2)的装置(1)和方法,该装置具有:用于供给第一液态塑料起始组分(K1)的第一塑料供给装置(3a);用于供给第二液态塑料起始组分(K2)的第二塑料供给装置(3b),具有混合室(6)的混合装置(5),其中可以由塑料供给装置供给的液态塑料起始组分可以在混合室中混合,形成塑料混合物(KG);用于排出塑料混合物的排出喷嘴(7);以及用于混合装置的冷却装置(8),其中提供了至少在区域中包围混合装置的干燥装置(9),其中该干燥装置具有分离装置(10)、形成在分离装置与混合装置之间的干燥室(T)以及通向干燥室的干燥剂供给装置(11)。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于生产塑料件(特别是粘合剂施用、密封珠、铸造件等)的装置,该装置包括用于供给第一液态塑料起始组分的第一塑料供给装置、用于供给第二液态塑料起始组分的第二塑料供给装置、具有混合室的混合装置,能够通过塑料供给装置供给的液态塑料起始组分可在混合室中混合形成塑料混合物,用于排出塑料混合物的排出喷嘴以及用于混合装置的冷却装置。本发明还涉及一种用于操作这种装置的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:将第一液态塑料起始组分和第二液态塑料起始组分供给到混合装置的混合室,在混合室中混合液态塑料起始组分以形成塑料混合物,使用尤其至少在区域中包围混合室的包围冷却装置对混合装置进行冷却,并且通过排出喷嘴排出塑料混合物。
这样的装置或方法主要用于生产粘合剂产品和粘合剂施用。还可以生产塑料灌封物。此外,还可以生产塑料泡沫,例如密封珠形式的塑料泡沫。
可以在WO 2017/004635 A1中找到一般性现有技术的示例。此专利公开了一种具有间歇地提供的液态塑料组分的装置。
在所述文献所描述的密封珠形式的泡沫塑料件生产过程中,如在本发明的可能实施方式中的起始位置那样,发生了化学过程。通常,化学过程的反应速度很大程度上取决于这些过程发生时的温度。经验法则在于,当温度升高大约10℃时,过程的反应速度大约会翻倍。2组分混合头(对应于混合装置)中的化学过程在很大程度上也要遵循这一法则。
通常,理想的是从混合头排出的物质(粘合剂、灌封物、泡沫)尽可能快地发生硬化,这样便可以缩短生产过程的周期时间。为此,研发了在根本上具有非常高反应速度的特殊材料。然而,这些非常高的反应速度会使得两个组分的反应过程在所述组分于混合头中混合后立即进行到某一点。这反过来很快会在混合头的混合室中形成污染和粘附。另外,由于过程的缘故,剂量之间的等待时间也可能会导致污染。
为了应对这种污染,更加重视了对混合头的冷却。在这种情况下,冷却液通常通过管道在混合室的区域中循环,并显著地降低局部温度,特别是混合室壁的温度。或者,使用热电元件的接触式冷却也是可行的。通过这一措施,往往可以明显地减慢或减少污染效果。
混合头及其混合室通常由铝或不锈钢制成。两者都是比较好的导热体,因此,不仅混合头的内部区域得到冷却,混合头的外表面也大致是冷却液的温度。
可达到的最低混合头温度或混合室温度主要受到不希望的冷凝物形成的限制。如果混合头冷却到了环境空气的露点以下,则混合头外部会形成冷凝水。在极端情况下,水甚至可能会滴落到下面的组分上。由于水可以是在聚氨酯泡沫反应中的推进组分,因此,即使是一滴水也可能会使混合头下方的组分变得不再可用。在全世界的许多地区以及在中欧的夏季月份,环境空气的露点可以显著上升到高于20℃。在这种情况下,在不低于露点的情况下实现明显的冷却实际上是不可能的。
过去已知两种用于解决该问题的方式。
第一种方式是试图测出露点并在达到露点时降低冷却能力。通过这种方法无法实现特别高的冷却能力,尤其在夏天的时候。
第二种选择是试图隔离混合头的整个表面。特别是在复杂混合头的情况下,由于应该可以完全接触到混合头,因此,隔热层的确切形状是复杂的。另外,由于例如在开孔材料中发生湿气渗透(海绵效应),这会导致隔热效果的降低,因此,对隔热材料提出了更高的要求。另外,由于例如在隔热混合头的工业使用中经常会发生外部污染,因此,必须能够例如使用溶剂对隔热层进行简单的清洁。
因此,本发明所解决的问题是提供一种用于生产塑料件的改进装置。尤其要解决的是上面列出的问题。这意味着,应该在所形成的冷凝物很少或没有形成冷凝物的情况下实现高冷却能力。
这是通过一种具有权利要求1的特征的装置来解决的。根据本发明,提供了一种至少部分地包围混合装置的干燥装置,该干燥装置具有分离装置、形成在分离装置与混合装置之间的干燥室以及通向干燥室的干燥剂供给装置。换言之,在冷却的混合装置(混合头)周围形成露点尽可能低的气氛,因而在混合装置的表面上完全不会形成冷凝物。分离装置主要用作干燥剂的引导装置,其沿着混合装置的表面引导或输送干燥剂。因此,分离装置在一定程度上可以是透气的,甚至还可以具有间隙,只要仍具备总体上的引导作用即可。在最简单的情况下,分离装置可以由材料组成。优选地,分离装置基本上不渗透气体。
在从属权利要求中还说明了本发明的优选实施方式。
一般情况下,保护气体(例如,氩气或氮气)可以用作干燥剂并且由干燥剂供给装置实现供给。然而,优选地是将空气(特别是压缩空气)用作干燥剂。特别优选地,可以借助于干燥剂供给装置将压缩空气通入干燥室中,优选连续地通入干燥室中。最重要的是,气体或空气的低露点很重要。为了避免形成冷凝物并同时实现良好的冷却能力,干燥剂(优选为压缩空气形式或保护气体形式)优选地具有低于10℃,优选低于5℃的露点。
此外,干燥剂供给装置优选地具有干燥剂源(优选地为压缩空气生成装置)以及连接到干燥剂源的供给元件。此外,供给元件优选地朝向混合装置的下部区域,优选地在排出喷嘴上。然而,供给元件也可以形成在混合头中,使得干燥剂从混合头流出到干燥室中。因此,可以在混合头中形成相应的管道。
通常,该装置具有纵轴。该纵轴优选地基本上与塑料材料与气体的混合物的排出方向一致。
分离装置可以呈现为任何设计,只要在大部分干燥室中确保了期望的气氛即可。例如,特别适合的是口袋形、槽形、帽形、壳形或圆顶形的分离装置。对于分离装置的具体形状,分离装置优选地具有在轴向方向上将干燥室与周围环境分离的基部区域和连接到所述基部区域并在径向方向上将干燥室与周围环境分离的侧部区域。轴向方向和径向方向分别与装置的纵轴有关。
根据优选实施方式,侧部区域在径向方向上完全包围混合装置。或者,分离装置还可以具有狭缝或间隙,例如在侧部区域中,这样让引入的干燥剂也可以再次逸出。
分离装置不必气密地封闭围绕混合装置周围的区域。相反,分离装置优选地在背离基部区域的相对区域中向周围环境开口。
分离装置优选地在布置在排出喷嘴的区域中的下基部区域中与周围环境隔离。优选地提供了如下:分离装置具有开口,该开口优选地布置在基部区域的中央,排出喷嘴从该开口突出。如果所述开口也连接到干燥室,则干燥空气沿着喷嘴流动并且也对所述喷嘴进行干燥。
冷却装置应设计成在混合室中具有足够的冷却效果。例如,可以将冷却装置设计成接触式冷却***的形式。但是,冷却装置优选地具有至少一个冷却管道,该冷却管道优选地为波浪形或之字形并且形成在混合装置的壳体中。作为示例,参考DE 10 2012 103 885B4作为冷却管道的可能形式。通常,冷却剂(优选冷却液)在冷却管道中流动。
分离装置可以由与混合装置相同的材料形成,即由金属(例如铝)形成。然而,对于更便宜且不复杂的实施方式,分离装置优选地主要由柔性的,优选纤维增强的,塑料材料或者刚性塑料材料组成。为此,分离装置的塑料材料优选地含有聚酰胺、聚乙烯或聚丙烯。通常,隔热填充材料是有利的,因为它更节能并在圆顶外部形成冷凝物的风险更小。
根据优选实施方式,塑料供给装置各自都连接到塑料材料源。塑料起始组分可以是塑料前体,或者本身已经可以是塑料材料。多元醇、异氰酸酯、硅酮、环氧树脂、MS聚合物、粘合剂组分、助粘膏等优选地用作第一和/或第二塑料起始组分。
特别地,如果还要生产发泡产品,那么,根据优选实施方式,可以提供用于将气体供给到第一液态塑料起始组分、第二液态塑料起始组分或塑料混合物的气体供给装置,所述气体供给装置连接到气体源。
根据本发明的问题还通过一种方法解决,该方法提供了使用至少部分地包围混合装置的干燥装置来干燥混合装置的步骤,该干燥装置具有分离装置、形成在分离装置与混合装置之间的干燥室以及通向干燥室的干燥剂供给装置。
工业上使用的压缩空气通常具有5℃以下的露点,因此往往比周围空气干燥得多。大多数工业生产工厂中都有足够的压缩空气。为了能够尽可能低成本地执行干燥,应该已经在***中使用了适当的装置。因此,优选地,每小时通过干燥装置的压缩空气生成装置将100至500标准升通入干燥室中。因此,也可以将用于其他目的的压缩空气生成装置用于干燥装置(还可以使用来自阀的排气)。由于压缩空气的制造成本相对较低(文献中为2.5美分/立方米),因此,所使用的压缩空气的成本实际上与干燥装置的每小时不到半立方米的低空气消耗量无关。理论上来说,也可以产生局部干燥的空气,例如借助于颗粒或小型薄膜干燥器,因此不需要连接到压缩空气网络。
总之,可以说,干燥是通过围绕混合装置的分离装置来实现的,由此产生了相对干燥的气氛。特别地,混合头在冷却的区域中被一种倒置的圆顶覆盖。所述圆顶不必特别地紧密配合或非常紧密(圆顶不收集冷凝物)。将非常小的干燥压缩空气流(所述空气也可以是没有高压的干燥空气,例如,通过风扇通入这种干燥空气)通入所述圆顶中(每分钟几标准升)。这会在冷却的区域中形成与潮湿的环境空气明显不同的气氛,特别是在露点方面。特别地,过量的压缩空气在圆顶的上部开口处流出。如果使气流最小化,那么在混合头周围会形成一种隔热层,此隔热层会进一步增强冷却效力。
下面参考附图说明和附图中所示的实施方式,更详细地说明本发明的其他细节和实施方式,其中:
图1示意性地显示了穿过装置的横截面,
图2是没有分离装置的混合装置的透视图,
图3是具有分离装置的混合装置的透视图,和
图4示意性地显示了通过装置的横截面。
在图1中,以示意性横截面图示出了用于生产塑料件2的装置1。具体地,在这种情况下,泡沫塑料件2是密封珠。装置1具有作为主要部件的混合装置5。混合装置5具有壳体15(优选为金属),在该壳体中形成有混合室6。在所述混合装置5的壳体15中形成有冷却装置8的冷却管道14。在所示实施方式中,冷却管道14绕纵轴X是螺旋形的(盘旋形)。冷却管道14也可以是波浪形的。冷却管道14连接到冷却剂源(未示出)。冷却液,诸如冷却水、油、乙二醇-水混合物、酒精等可以用作所述冷却剂。第一塑料供给装置3a的管线16通向混合室6。第一塑料供给装置3a连接到用于第一液态塑料起始组分K1的源17。来自气体源19的气体G可以经由虚线所示的管线18供给到第一塑料供给装置3a中。但是,气体G也可以直接通入混合室6中。管线18与气体源19一起形成气体供给装置4。第二塑料供给装置3b具有用于第二液态塑料起始组分K2的源20,以及管线21。管线21通向混合装置5的混合室6。在混合室6中,第一液态塑料起始组分K1与第二液态塑料起始组分K2混合以形成塑料混合物KG(也可能含有气体G)。在混合装置5的壳体15中形成有排出喷嘴7。通过排出塑料混合物KG来生产塑料件2。当从排出喷嘴7排出塑料混合物KG(形式是塑料材料和气体的混合物)时,气体G发泡,从而形成泡沫塑料件2。通常,可以使用混合装置5来执行动态混合(利用搅拌器)、静态混合或高压混合。
在所通入的组分被混合时,发生化学反应,在此反应中,释放出热量(在动态混合的情况下,很大一部分热量是通过搅拌能量产生的)。为了防止在混合室6中发生过度的和过早的反应,提供了包围混合室6的冷却装置8。当冷却装置8将混合装置5(特别是混合头)冷却到低于周围环境U的露点温度的温度时,在混合装置5的表面上形成冷凝物。该冷凝物可能会滴落到所生产的塑料件2上,从而对塑料件2造成损坏。
为了防止出现这种情况,提供了干燥装置9。所述干燥装置9具有分离装置10(其优选地基本上不渗透气体)、干燥剂供给装置11(形式为供给元件13,包括干燥剂源12)以及分离装置10与混合装置5的表面之间的干燥室T。在所示实施方式中,分离装置10具有轴向限定干燥室T的基部区域10a和径向限定干燥室T的侧部区域10b。干燥剂源12的形式为压缩空气生成装置。压缩空气L由所述压缩空气生成装置经由管状供给元件13通入由分离装置10围绕的干燥室T中。与图1的视图相反,供给元件13的出口也可以布置在分离装置的上部开口的区域中。为了防止形成冷凝物,每小时将大约100至500标准升的压缩空气L通入干燥室T中就足够了。这使得干燥室T中的露点温度为大约5℃。所通入的干燥剂可以经由向周围环境U开口的相对区域10c(或经由其他开口)逐渐逸出。在基部区域10中形成中央开口10d。排出喷嘴7的尖端在轴向方向上通过所述中央开口10d突出。分离装置10可以由刚性或固体塑料材料组成。或者,分离装置10也可以由相对较软的材料、薄膜、金属等组成。分离装置10优选地可释放地连接到混合装置5。在根据图1的实施方式中,分离装置10可以通过装配到混合装置5上而可释放地连接到混合装置5。例如,这种装配连接(未示出)可以提供在排出喷嘴7的区域中或者在混合装置5的背离喷嘴的区域中。
在图2中,以透视图示出了装置1。在左侧可以看到第一塑料供给装置3a的管线16(供应)。还提供了对应的回流24。在右侧区域中示出了第二塑料供给装置3b的管线21(供应)。还提供了对应的回流25。在右侧区域中示出了冷却装置8的供给管线22(或其端口)。冷却剂经由供给管线22(未示出)引导到冷却管道14中。还可以看到混合装置5的壳体15的表面。未示出干燥剂供给装置11的供给元件13。例如,空气管道可以穿过混合头并在例如混合头的下侧离开,然后,该空气管道形成供给元件13。
图3是装置1的相同透视图,其中混合装置5被干燥装置9的分离装置10围绕。可以看出,分离装置10是设计成圆顶的形式。所述分离装置10由柔性塑料材料组成。干燥装置9的分离装置10通过连接元件(未示出)(例如,连接带或卡扣元件的形式)保持在装置1的组件上。排出喷嘴7在分离装置10的基部区域10a中轴向地突出。在这种情况下,管状供给元件13从上方通入干燥室T中。
图4示意性地示出了用于生产塑料件2的装置1的横截面。在本实施方式中,除了混合室6和壳体15之外,混合装置5还具有搅拌器26。密封件27布置在搅拌器26与壳体15之间。因此,图4示出了动态混合器。在管线16和21每一个中布置有阀28。所述阀28设计成控制塑料起始组分K1和K2的供给。分离装置10包围混合装置5。在这种情况下,分离装置10是设计成符合混合装置5的轮廓。这意味着,分离装置10与混合装置5的表面之间的距离可以(如在所示的情况下)是基本上恒定的。然而,由于混合装置5的不规则表面,因此,分离装置10通常不会与混合装置5的表面在所有地方均匀地间隔开。具体而言,在分离装置10与混合装置5的表面之间形成有间隙,该间隙形成干燥室T。所述间隙的宽度可以在0mm至100mm之间,优选地在0.3mm至5mm之间。示意性示出的用于干燥剂的供给元件13通向干燥室T中。
附图标记列表:
1 装置 16 管线
2 塑料件 17 源
3a 第一塑料供给装置 18 管线
3b 第二塑料供给装置 19 气体源
4 气体供给装置 20 源
5 混合装置 21 管线
6 混合室 24 回流第一组分
7 排出喷嘴 25 回流第二组分
8 冷却装置 26 搅拌器
9 干燥装置 27 密封件
10 分离装置 28 阀
10a 基部区域 K1 第一液态塑料起始组分
10b 侧部区域 K2 第二液态塑料起始组分
10c 相对区域 G 气体
10d 开口 KG 塑料混合物
11 干燥剂供给装置 T 干燥室
12 干燥剂源 L 压缩空气
13 供给元件 X 纵轴
14 冷却管道 U 周围环境
15 壳体
Claims (16)
1.一种用于生产塑料件(2)的装置(1),包括:
-用于供给第一液态塑料起始组分(K1)的第一塑料供给装置(3a),
-用于供给第二液态塑料起始组分(K2)的第二塑料供给装置(3b),
-具有混合室(6)的混合装置(5),能够由所述塑料供给装置(3a,3b)供给的所述液态塑料起始组分(K1,K2)能在所述混合室(6)中混合,形成塑料混合物(KG),
-用于排出所述塑料混合物(KG)的排出喷嘴(7),以及
-用于所述混合装置(5)的冷却装置(8),
其特征在于
-干燥装置(9)至少在区域中包围所述混合装置(5),所述干燥装置(9)包括分离装置(10)、形成在所述分离装置(10)与所述混合装置(5)之间的干燥室(T)以及通向所述干燥室(T)的干燥剂供给装置(11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,借助于所述干燥剂供给装置(11),压缩空气(L)能够被引入,优选连续地引入。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述干燥剂供给装置(11)具有干燥剂源(12),优选压缩空气生成装置,以及连接到所述干燥剂源(12)的优选管状或管形的供给元件(13)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,所述供给元件(13)朝向所述排出喷嘴(7)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述干燥剂,优选压缩空气(L)形式或保护气体形式,具有低于10℃,优选低于5℃的露点。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置具有纵轴(X)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述分离装置(10)具有基部区域(10a)和侧部区域(10b),所述基部区域(10a)在轴向方向上将所述干燥室(T)与周围环境(U)分离,和所述侧部区域(10b)连接到所述基部区域(10a),所述侧部区域(10b)在径向方向上将所述干燥室(T)与所述周围环境(U)分离。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述侧部区域(10b)在径向方向上包围所述混合装置(5),优选完全地包围所述混合装置(5)。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述分离装置(10)在背离所述基部区域(10a)的相对区域(10c)中向所述周围环境(U)开口。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述分离装置(10)具有开口(10d),所述开口(10d)优选地布置在所述基部区域(10a)的中央,所述排出喷嘴(7)从所述开口突出。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述冷却装置(8)具有至少一个冷却管道(14),所述冷却管道优选地为波浪形并且形成在所述混合装置(5)的壳体(15)中。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述分离装置(10)主要由金属组成,优选地由铝组成,或者由柔性的,优选纤维增强的塑料材料组成、或者由刚性塑料材料组成。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,所述分离装置(10)的塑料材料含有聚酰胺、聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于用于将气体(G)供给到所述第一液态塑料起始组分(K1)、所述第二液态塑料起始组分(K2)或所述塑料混合物(KG)的气体供给装置(4)。
15.一种用于操作装置(1),特别是根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的装置(1),的方法,包括以下步骤:
-将第一液态塑料起始组分(K1)和第二液态塑料起始组分(K2)供给到混合装置(5)的混合室(6),
-在所述混合室(6)中混合所述液态塑料起始组分(K1,K2)以形成塑料混合物(KG),
-使用冷却装置(8)对所述混合装置(5)进行冷却,并且
-通过排出喷嘴(7)排出所述塑料混合物(KG),
其特征在于以下步骤:
-使用至少在区域中包围所述混合装置(5)的干燥装置(9)来干燥所述混合装置(5),所述干燥装置(9)包括分离装置(10)、形成在所述分离装置(10)与所述混合装置(5)之间的干燥室(T)以及通向所述干燥室(T)的干燥剂供给装置(11)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,每小时通过所述干燥装置(10)的压缩空气生成装置将100至500标准升引入所述干燥室(T)中。
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US20170065926A1 (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-09 | Sogang University Research Foundation | Oxygen concentrating method and apparatus having condensate water removing function |
CN106003458A (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-12 | 强新正品(苏州)环保材料科技有限公司 | 一种改进后的硅胶生产设备 |
CN106738551A (zh) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 深圳智达机械技术有限公司 | 一种高稳定性有机树脂制备*** |
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JP2021509365A (ja) | 2021-03-25 |
US20230405876A1 (en) | 2023-12-21 |
EP3727777B1 (de) | 2021-12-08 |
AT519978B1 (de) | 2018-12-15 |
WO2019119005A1 (de) | 2019-06-27 |
JP7353286B2 (ja) | 2023-09-29 |
CN111479663B (zh) | 2022-06-24 |
ES2905707T3 (es) | 2022-04-11 |
EP3727777A1 (de) | 2020-10-28 |
KR20200099181A (ko) | 2020-08-21 |
US20200307026A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
US11780117B2 (en) | 2023-10-10 |
AT519978A4 (de) | 2018-12-15 |
KR102625930B1 (ko) | 2024-01-17 |
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