CN111471170A - 一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于聚氨酯全水组合料技术领域,尤其本发明公开了一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,包括以下步骤,S1,准备原料,由以下重量份的原料组成:蔗糖15‑25份、甘油5‑15份、甲基邻苯二胺4‑10份、小分子二元醇或醇胺3‑8份、碱性催化剂0.6‑1.8份、磷酸15‑25份、磷酸二酯1‑5份、环氧丙烷30‑50份、水1‑5份、阻燃剂0.5‑1.3份。本发明通过官能度较高的蔗糖作为主起始剂,保证了聚醚多元醇的高强度和极佳的尺寸稳定性,同时具有较低的羟值,用其制得的聚氨酯泡沫基材粘结性能好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯全水组合料技术领域,尤其涉及一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺。
背景技术
聚氨酯硬质泡沫以其优异的性能广泛应用于保温、制冷、建筑行业,但随着其应用范围广泛拓展,其对环境的负面影响给人们敲响了警钟。其中聚氨酯喷涂料主要应用于建筑保温行业,采用的发泡剂主要是HCFC-141b和水。HCFC等发泡剂皆为氟利昂类发泡剂,氟利昂的使用会消耗大气臭氧层,造成对大气臭氧层的破坏,导致紫外线照射增强并威胁到人类及其它地球生物的生存,是目前人类面临的最为严重的环境问题之一。
现有的聚氨酯全水组合料阻燃效率还是不够好,当高温环境下,阻燃剂容易氧化分解,从而导致阻燃失效,阻燃时间短,且现有的聚氨酯全水组合料环保性差,容易造成大气臭氧层的破坏,为此,本发明提出一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺点,而提出的一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,包括以下步骤,
S1,准备原料,由以下重量份的原料组成:蔗糖15-25份、甘油5-15份、甲基邻苯二胺4-10份、小分子二元醇或醇胺3-8份、碱性催化剂0.6-1.8份、磷酸15-25份、磷酸二酯1-5份、环氧丙烷30-50份、水1-5份、阻燃剂0.5-1.3份;
S2,将上述重量份的蔗糖、甘油、甲基邻苯二胺、小分子二元醇或醇胺和碱性催化剂放入反应罐中反应,反应温度控制在50-100℃,反应6-8小时,得到多羟基混合物;
S3,向S2中制得的溶液中加入上述重量份的环氧丙烷、水和阻燃剂,140-160℃下反应4-5小时,充分搅拌使其充分反应,得到环保聚氨酯全水组合料;
S4,向环保聚氨酯全水组合料中加入磷酸、磷酸二酯,混合均匀,80-110℃下反应5-7小时,过滤后得到环保聚氨酯全水组合料。
优选的,所述S1中,准备原料,由以下重量份的原料组成:蔗糖15份、甘油5份、甲基邻苯二胺4份、小分子二元醇或醇胺3份、碱性催化剂0.6份、磷酸15份、磷酸二酯1份、环氧丙烷30份、水1份、阻燃剂0.5份。
优选的,所述S1中,准备原料,由以下重量份的原料组成:蔗糖20份、甘油10份、甲基邻苯二胺7份、小分子二元醇或醇胺5.5份、碱性催化剂1.2份、磷酸21份、磷酸二酯3.5份、环氧丙烷42份、水3.2份、阻燃剂0.9份。
优选的,所述S1中,准备原料,由以下重量份的原料组成:蔗糖25份、甘油15份、甲基邻苯二胺10份、小分子二元醇或醇胺8份、碱性催化剂1.8份、磷酸25份、磷酸二酯5份、环氧丙烷50份、水5份、阻燃剂1.3份。
优选的,所述小分子二元醇或醇胺为乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺中的一种。
优选的,所述的碱性催化剂为氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、乙醇钠中的一种或者两种。
优选的,所述磷酸二酯为磷酸二甲酯、磷酸二乙酯和磷酸二丙酯中的一种或者两种。
优选的,所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺按照质量比4~6:1~2:1的复配物。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:通过官能度较高的蔗糖作为主起始剂,保证了聚醚多元醇的高强度和极佳的尺寸稳定性,同时具有较低的羟值,用其制得的聚氨酯泡沫基材粘结性能好,制备过程中将环氧丙烷加入,在较低温度下加入环氧丙烷顺利激活聚合反应,避免了直接进行高温反应副产物的生成,更有利于聚醚多元醇合成指标的稳定性,而且制备聚氨酯泡沫的各项性能更加优良。通过特制的阻燃剂加入,由于阻燃剂内含有醇类,不仅可以产生很好的阻燃效果,而且还可以促进本发明的结构更加稳定,本发明在高温下也能很好的稳定存在,避免高温对阻燃剂造成影响,进而提高本发明的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
实施例一
一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,包括以下步骤,
S1,准备原料,由以下重量份的原料组成:蔗糖15份、甘油5份、甲基邻苯二胺4份、小分子二元醇或醇胺3份、碱性催化剂0.6份、磷酸15份、磷酸二酯1份、环氧丙烷30份、水1份、阻燃剂0.5份;
S2,将上述重量份的蔗糖、甘油、甲基邻苯二胺、小分子二元醇或醇胺和碱性催化剂放入反应罐中反应,反应温度控制在50℃,反应6小时,得到多羟基混合物;
S3,向S2中制得的溶液中加入上述重量份的环氧丙烷、水和阻燃剂,140℃下反应4小时,充分搅拌使其充分反应,得到环保聚氨酯全水组合料;
S4,向环保聚氨酯全水组合料中加入磷酸、磷酸二酯,混合均匀,80℃下反应5小时,过滤后得到环保聚氨酯全水组合料。
实施例二
一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,包括以下步骤,
S1,准备原料,由以下重量份的原料组成:蔗糖20份、甘油10份、甲基邻苯二胺7份、小分子二元醇或醇胺5.5份、碱性催化剂1.2份、磷酸21份、磷酸二酯3.5份、环氧丙烷42份、水3.2份、阻燃剂0.9份;
S2,将上述重量份的蔗糖、甘油、甲基邻苯二胺、小分子二元醇或醇胺和碱性催化剂放入反应罐中反应,反应温度控制在75℃,反应7小时,得到多羟基混合物;
S3,向S2中制得的溶液中加入上述重量份的环氧丙烷、水和阻燃剂,150℃下反应4.5小时,充分搅拌使其充分反应,得到环保聚氨酯全水组合料;
S4,向环保聚氨酯全水组合料中加入磷酸、磷酸二酯,混合均匀,90℃下反应6小时,过滤后得到环保聚氨酯全水组合料。
实施例三
一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,包括以下步骤,
S1,准备原料,由以下重量份的原料组成:蔗糖25份、甘油15份、甲基邻苯二胺10份、小分子二元醇或醇胺8份、碱性催化剂1.8份、磷酸25份、磷酸二酯5份、环氧丙烷50份、水5份、阻燃剂1.3份;
S2,将上述重量份的蔗糖、甘油、甲基邻苯二胺、小分子二元醇或醇胺和碱性催化剂放入反应罐中反应,反应温度控制在100℃,反应8小时,得到多羟基混合物;
S3,向S2中制得的溶液中加入上述重量份的环氧丙烷、水和阻燃剂,160℃下反应5小时,充分搅拌使其充分反应,得到环保聚氨酯全水组合料;
S4,向环保聚氨酯全水组合料中加入磷酸、磷酸二酯,混合均匀,110℃下反应7小时,过滤后得到环保聚氨酯全水组合料。
聚氨酯全水组合料产品指标:
聚氨酯组合料与PAPI(多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯)混合后的反应特性:
聚氨酯组合料与PAPI(多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯)混合后生成泡沫的模塑特性:
本发明,通过官能度较高的蔗糖作为主起始剂,保证了聚醚多元醇的高强度和极佳的尺寸稳定性,同时具有较低的羟值,用其制得的聚氨酯泡沫基材粘结性能好,制备过程中将环氧丙烷加入,在较低温度下加入环氧丙烷顺利激活聚合反应,避免了直接进行高温反应副产物的生成,更有利于聚醚多元醇合成指标的稳定性,而且制备聚氨酯泡沫的各项性能更加优良。通过特制的阻燃剂加入,由于阻燃剂内含有醇类,不仅可以产生很好的阻燃效果,而且还可以促进本发明的结构更加稳定,本发明在高温下也能很好的稳定存在,避免高温对阻燃剂造成影响,进而提高本发明的使用寿命。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤,
S1,准备原料,由以下重量份的原料组成:蔗糖15-25份、甘油5-15份、甲基邻苯二胺4-10份、小分子二元醇或醇胺3-8份、碱性催化剂0.6-1.8份、磷酸15-25份、磷酸二酯1-5份、环氧丙烷30-50份、水1-5份、阻燃剂0.5-1.3份;
S2,将上述重量份的蔗糖、甘油、甲基邻苯二胺、小分子二元醇或醇胺和碱性催化剂放入反应罐中反应,反应温度控制在50-100℃,反应6-8小时,得到多羟基混合物;
S3,向S2中制得的溶液中加入上述重量份的环氧丙烷、水和阻燃剂,140-160℃下反应4-5小时,充分搅拌使其充分反应,得到环保聚氨酯全水组合料;
S4,向环保聚氨酯全水组合料中加入磷酸、磷酸二酯,混合均匀,80-110℃下反应5-7小时,过滤后得到环保聚氨酯全水组合料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述S1中,准备原料,由以下重量份的原料组成:蔗糖15份、甘油5份、甲基邻苯二胺4份、小分子二元醇或醇胺3份、碱性催化剂0.6份、磷酸15份、磷酸二酯1份、环氧丙烷30份、水1份、阻燃剂0.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述S1中,准备原料,由以下重量份的原料组成:蔗糖20份、甘油10份、甲基邻苯二胺7份、小分子二元醇或醇胺5.5份、碱性催化剂1.2份、磷酸21份、磷酸二酯3.5份、环氧丙烷42份、水3.2份、阻燃剂0.9份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述S1中,准备原料,由以下重量份的原料组成:蔗糖25份、甘油15份、甲基邻苯二胺10份、小分子二元醇或醇胺8份、碱性催化剂1.8份、磷酸25份、磷酸二酯5份、环氧丙烷50份、水5份、阻燃剂1.3份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述小分子二元醇或醇胺为乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述的碱性催化剂为氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、乙醇钠中的一种或者两种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述磷酸二酯为磷酸二甲酯、磷酸二乙酯和磷酸二丙酯中的一种或者两种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺按照质量比4~6:1~2:1的复配物。
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