CN111468604A - Method for forming curved plate by multistage vibration aging of tailor-welded blank - Google Patents
Method for forming curved plate by multistage vibration aging of tailor-welded blank Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for forming a curved plate by multistage vibration aging of a tailor-welded blank, belonging to the technical field of vibration aging forming of tailor-welded blanks. The forming method of the present invention comprises the steps of: carrying out ultrasonic vibration aging forming on the tailor-welded blank for n times, and obtaining a curved plate when the accumulated deformation reaches 100%; wherein n is an integer of 2 or more. The invention adopts multistage ultrasonic vibration aging forming, gradually increases deformation amount until final forming, can more effectively eliminate residual stress in the tailor-welded blank, improves stress relaxation of materials and reduces the resilience rate of the materials, and because the ultrasonic vibration aging forming is applied for many times, the processes of multiple loading and cooling can be generated, so that the plate can generate a work hardening phenomenon, and the tensile strength and the yield strength of the plate are higher than those of the traditional aging forming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tailor-welded blank vibration aging forming, in particular to a method for forming a curved plate by multistage vibration aging of a tailor-welded blank.
Background
With the improvement of performance requirements of airplanes and automobiles, the requirements of people on the structural design, the assembly method and the material performance of the airplanes and the automobiles are also continuously improved. Many complicated structural members are difficult to form, and although the use of airplanes and automobiles can be met through riveting, the manufacturing cost is increased, the self weight of the airplanes and the automobiles is increased, and the airplane and the automobiles are not beneficial to safe driving, energy conservation and environmental protection. The tailor-welded blank technology can meet the use requirements of parts, reduce the weight of a machine body, improve the integrity of a structure, improve the assembly precision and reduce the energy consumption, and has great advantages compared with riveting and other modes; however, the method has the disadvantages that the manufacturing precision of the performance can not be achieved due to the large internal residual stress and the rebound rate of the forming, and therefore, the ultrasonic vibration aging forming technology is available. The ultrasonic vibration aging forming technology can eliminate residual stress in the tailor-welded blank and reduce the rebound rate. However, the traditional ultrasonic vibration aging forming technology is one-step forming (namely, the vibration time and the aging temperature are set to be directly formed in one step), so that the residual stress is not completely eliminated, the rebound rate and the processing precision still do not meet the requirements, and the tensile strength and the yield strength of the tailor-welded blank are greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for forming a curved plate by multistage vibration aging of a tailor-welded blank, which not only can eliminate residual stress inside the tailor-welded blank and reduce the rebound rate, but also can prevent the tensile strength and the yield strength from being greatly reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for forming a curved plate by multistage vibration aging of a tailor-welded blank, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out ultrasonic vibration aging forming on the tailor-welded blank for n times, and obtaining a curved plate when the accumulated deformation reaches 100%; wherein n is an integer of 2 or more.
Preferably, the radius of the curved plate is 100-1000 mm.
Preferably, n is 2, 3 or 4.
Preferably, when n is 2, the deformation amount of the first ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 40-50%, and the accumulated deformation amount of the second ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 100%;
when n is 3, the deformation amount of the first ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 20-30%, the accumulated deformation amount of the second ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 50-60%, and the accumulated deformation amount of the third ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 100%;
when n is 4, the deformation amount of the first ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 10-20%, the accumulated deformation amount of the second ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 30-40%, the accumulated deformation amount of the third ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 50-60%, and the accumulated deformation amount of the fourth ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 100%.
Preferably, the temperature of each ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 120-200 ℃ independently.
Preferably, the heat preservation time of each ultrasonic vibration aging forming is independently less than 12 h.
Preferably, the working voltage of each ultrasonic vibration aging forming is independently 220V +/-22V, the power is 1600W, and the frequency is 20 kHz.
Preferably, the ultrasonic vibration aging forming adopts a dot-matrix adjustable tool and/or an integral continuous tool.
Preferably, when the dot-matrix adjustable tool and the integral continuous tool are adopted, the integral continuous tool is adopted for the last ultrasonic vibration aging forming, and the dot-matrix adjustable tool is adopted for the rest of the ultrasonic vibration aging forming.
Preferably, the tailor-welded blank is made of aluminum alloy.
The invention provides a method for forming a curved plate by multistage vibration aging of a tailor-welded blank, which comprises the following steps: carrying out ultrasonic vibration aging forming on the tailor-welded blank for n times, and obtaining a curved plate when the accumulated deformation reaches 100%; wherein n is an integer of 2 or more. The invention adopts multistage ultrasonic vibration aging forming, gradually increases the accumulated deformation amount until the final forming, can more effectively eliminate the residual stress in the tailor-welded blank, improves the stress relaxation of the material and reduces the rebound rate of the material, and because the ultrasonic vibration aging forming is applied for many times, the process of multiple loading and cooling can be generated, so that the plate can generate the work hardening phenomenon, and the tensile strength and the yield strength of the plate are higher than those of the traditional aging forming.
Furthermore, the problem of surface stress concentration generated by a traditional single dot-matrix adjustable tool can be solved by adopting an integral continuous tool for the last ultrasonic vibration aging forming, and the problem of time and cost increase caused by the fact that different concave-convex dies (the radius molded surface is not adjustable, and one die can only form one forming amount) are required to be manufactured for different deformation amounts by adopting a single integral continuous tool for the other ultrasonic vibration aging forming.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lattice-type adjustable tool and an ultrasonic vibration device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an integrated continuous tool, an ultrasonic vibration device and an aging heat treatment device;
the device comprises a bolt 1, an upper base plate 2, a screw 3, a test piece 4, a lower base plate 5, an ultrasonic device 6, a constant-temperature drying box 7, an amplitude transformer 8, an aging forming tool 9 and a support plate 10.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for forming a curved plate by multistage vibration aging of a tailor-welded blank, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out ultrasonic vibration aging forming on the tailor-welded blank for n times, and obtaining a curved plate when the accumulated deformation reaches 100%; wherein n is an integer of 2 or more.
In the invention, the tailor-welded blank is preferably a tailor-welded blank made by friction stir welding; the friction stir welding method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and friction stir welding known in the art may be used. In the invention, the material of the tailor-welded blank is preferably aluminum alloy, and the invention has no special requirement on the composition of the aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy can be any aluminum alloy known in the field. In the embodiment of the invention, the tailor-welded blank is formed by friction stir welding using 7075 aluminum alloy, and the chemical compositions of the tailor-welded blank are shown in table 1.
TABLE 17075 aluminum alloy chemistries (wt.%)
The invention has no special requirements on the size of the tailor-welded blank, and the skilled person can select the corresponding size according to the actual requirement. In the present invention, the tailor welded blank is preferably a flat plate.
The invention preferably adopts a dot-matrix adjustable tool and/or an integral continuous tool to carry out n times of ultrasonic vibration aging forming on the tailor-welded blank.
In the embodiment of the invention, a schematic structural diagram of the lattice type adjustable tool is shown in fig. 1. The working principle is as follows: the tailor-welded blank to be processed is fixed at a specific position through the connection between the screws, the split surfaces are formed by the butt joint of a plurality of groups of screws, the tailor-welded blank to be processed is loaded into a shape required by a test, and then the dot-matrix adjustable tool and the tailor-welded blank to be processed are placed into a high-temperature furnace together for heat preservation and ultrasonic vibration aging treatment. The lattice type adjustable tool is not specially limited, and the lattice type adjustable tool known in the field can be adopted.
In the embodiment of the invention, a schematic structural diagram of the integral continuous tool is shown in fig. 2. The working principle is as follows: the splicing welding plate to be processed is tightly attached by the concave-convex mould of the integral continuous tool, so that the splicing welding plate to be processed keeps the required shape, and the bending stress provided by the surface of the mould on the whole splicing welding plate to be processed is uniformly distributed. The integral continuous tool is not particularly limited, and the integral continuous tool known in the field can be adopted.
The method adopts a dot-matrix adjustable tool and/or an integral continuous tool to carry out ultrasonic vibration aging forming on the tailor-welded blank for n times, the accumulated deformation is gradually increased along with the increase of the ultrasonic vibration aging forming times, and the curved plate is obtained when the accumulated deformation reaches 100 percent. In the invention, the radius of the curved plate is preferably 100-1000 mm, and more preferably 500-1000 mm; n is an integer of 2 or more, preferably 2, 3 or 4.
When n is 2, the deformation amount of the first ultrasonic vibration aging forming is preferably 40-50%, and more preferably 45%; the cumulative deformation amount of the second ultrasonic vibration aging forming is preferably 100%.
When n is 3, the deformation amount of the first ultrasonic vibration aging forming is preferably 20-30%, the accumulated deformation amount of the second ultrasonic vibration aging forming is preferably 50-60%, and the accumulated deformation amount of the third ultrasonic vibration aging forming is preferably 100%; more preferably: the deformation amount of the first ultrasonic vibration aging molding is 25%, the cumulative deformation amount of the second ultrasonic vibration aging molding is 55%, and the cumulative deformation amount of the third ultrasonic vibration aging molding is 100%.
When n is 4, the deformation amount of the first ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 10-20%, the accumulated deformation amount of the second ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 30-40%, the accumulated deformation amount of the third ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 50-60%, and the accumulated deformation amount of the fourth ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 100%; more preferably: the deformation amount of the first ultrasonic vibration aging molding is 15%, the cumulative deformation amount of the second ultrasonic vibration aging molding is 35%, the cumulative deformation amount of the third ultrasonic vibration aging molding is 55%, and the cumulative deformation amount of the fourth ultrasonic vibration aging molding is 100%.
In the present invention, the deformation amount refers to a percentage of a ratio of a target radius of a curved plate to a bending radius when ultrasonically vibrated at an aging time. Specifically, when the target radius of the curved plate is 1000mm and the deformation amount of the first ultrasonic vibration aging molding is 45% of the total deformation amount, the bending radius after the first ultrasonic vibration aging molding is 2200mm (that is, 1000 ÷ 2200 ═ 45%).
According to the invention, the deformation amount of each ultrasonic vibration aging forming is controlled within the range, so that residual stress in the tailor-welded blank can be effectively eliminated, the stress relaxation of the material is improved, and the rebound rate of the material is reduced.
Further, the present invention is more preferably: when the radius of the curved plate is 800-1000 mm, performing ultrasonic vibration aging forming for 2 times; when the radius of the curved plate is 500-800 m, carrying out ultrasonic vibration aging forming for 3 times; and 4 times of ultrasonic vibration aging forming is adopted when the radius of the curved plate is 100-500 mm. Wherein, when the radius of the curved plate is 500mm, the ultrasonic vibration aging forming can be carried out for 3 times or 4 times; when the radius of the curved plate is 800mm, the ultrasonic vibration aging forming can be adopted for 2 times or 3 times.
In the invention, the temperature (called aging temperature for short) of each ultrasonic vibration aging forming is preferably 120-200 ℃, more preferably 140-200 ℃ and further preferably 160-200 ℃ independently; the heat preservation time (aging time for short) of each ultrasonic vibration aging forming is preferably less than 12 hours, more preferably 4-12 hours, and further preferably 6-12 hours. In the invention, the working voltage of each ultrasonic vibration aging forming is preferably 220V +/-22V independently, and more preferably 220V +/-10V independently; the power is preferably 1600W and the frequency is preferably 20 kHz.
In the embodiment of the invention, the aging heating device is an electric heating constant temperature air blowing drying box with the model of DHG-9145A, the size of the inner space is 450mm × 550mm × 550mm, the working temperature is adjustable at 10-300 ℃, the error is +/-0.5 ℃, an exhaust hole (the diameter is 50mm) is reserved behind the constant temperature drying box, the constant temperature box has the function of controlling time and automatically reduces the temperature until the set time.
The invention has no special requirements on the implementation mode of the ultrasonic vibration aging forming, and the implementation mode which is well known in the field can be adopted. Specifically, a dot-matrix adjustable tool or an integral continuous tool and a tailor-welded blank are put into an aging heat treatment device together, and then are connected into an ultrasonic vibration device for ultrasonic vibration aging forming.
After each ultrasonic vibration aging forming, the temperature of the instant heating treatment device is preferably automatically reduced to room temperature at any time, and the ultrasound is continuously kept in the temperature reduction process; and after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, reloading the material for carrying out next ultrasonic vibration aging forming until the accumulated deformation reaches 100 percent.
In the invention, a die tool, namely a dot-matrix adjustable tool or an integral continuous tool, is used for each ultrasonic vibration aging forming. When the array type adjustable tool and the integral type continuous tool are used for the multistage vibration aging forming, the integral type continuous tool is preferably used for the last ultrasonic vibration aging forming, and the dot array type adjustable tool is preferably used for the rest ultrasonic vibration aging forming. The last ultrasonic vibration aging forming adopts an integral continuous tool, and the other ultrasonic vibration aging forming adopts a dot-matrix adjustable tool, so that the problem of surface stress concentration generated by the traditional single-matrix adjustable tool can be solved, and the problem of time and cost increase caused by the fact that different concave-convex dies (the radius profile is not adjustable, and one die can only form one forming amount) are required to be manufactured for different deformation amounts by adopting the single integral continuous tool is solved.
The invention divides the ultrasonic vibration aging forming into a plurality of stages, gradually increases the accumulated deformation amount until the final forming, can more effectively eliminate the residual stress in the tailor-welded blank, improves the stress relaxation of the material and reduces the rebound rate of the material, and because the ultrasonic vibration aging forming is applied for a plurality of times, the processes of a plurality of times of loading and cooling can be generated, so that the plate can generate the work hardening phenomenon, and the tensile strength and the yield strength of the plate are higher than those of the traditional aging forming.
The method for multistage vibratory ageing of tailored blanks for curved panels according to the invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
(1) A plurality of T6 state 7075 aluminum alloy plates with the same specification are welded into tailor welded plates with the specification of 85mm × 50mm × 2.25.25 mm by a friction stir welding technology.
(2) Carrying out first ultrasonic vibration aging forming: the aging heating treatment device is an electric heating constant-temperature air-blast drying oven with the model of DHG-9145A, and the first forming amount is set to be 25% of the final forming amount by using a dot-matrix adjustable tool. Then put into a constant temperature blast drying oven and connected with an ultrasonic vibration device (the working voltage is 220V, the power is set at 1600W, and the frequency is set at 20 KHZ). The aging temperature is set as 140 ℃, the aging time is 6h, and finally unloading is carried out.
(4) And (3) secondary ultrasonic vibration aging forming: adjusting the accumulated deformation to 55%, putting the tailor-welded blank formed in the first step into a dot-matrix adjustable tool with the adjusted deformation, then resetting the aging temperature to 160 ℃ and the aging time to 8h, and finally unloading.
(5) And (3) third ultrasonic vibration aging forming: the accumulated forming amount is 100%, an integral continuous tool is used, the aging temperature is set to be 200 ℃, the aging time is 12 hours, and finally unloading is carried out to obtain the curved plate (the radius is 600 mm).
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the traditional one-time ultrasonic vibration aging forming is adopted, an integral continuous tool is adopted, the aging temperature is 200 ℃, and the aging time is 12 h.
Performance test of example 1 and comparative example 1
Measuring the rebound rate of the tailor welded blank without ultrasonic vibration aging and the rebound rates of the curved plates formed in the example 1 and the comparative example 1 by using an arch high chord length method; tensile tests were conducted using a WDW-50 microcomputer controlled universal tester according to the Standard "metallic Material Room temperature tensile test method", and the mechanical properties (including yield strength and tensile strength) of the curved plates of example 1 and comparative example 1 were measured without ultrasonic vibration aging. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Resilience and mechanical Properties of tailor welded blanks, example 1 and comparative example 1
The results in table 2 show that the springback rate of example 1 under multistage ultrasonic vibration was 40.83%, which is about 10% lower than that of comparative example 1 under conventional vibration aging. The rebound rate of the tailor-welded blank is about 35 percent lower than that of the tailor-welded blank without ultrasonic vibration aging. The plate forming effect is determined by the rebound rate, the smaller the rebound rate is, the better the forming performance is, the closer the forming effect is to the ideal effect, and the later processing and installation are facilitated.
In addition, the results in Table 2 also show that the tensile strength was 370.83MPa, the yield strength was 355.63MPa, and the elongation was 3.39% without applying the vibration aging. After the traditional vibration ageing technology is used, the tensile strength is reduced to 324.05MPa, the yield strength is 340.56MPa, and the elongation is 3.45%, while after the multistage vibration ageing forming technology, the tensile strength is 358.78MPa, the yield strength is 347.35MPa, and the elongation is 3.75%. The reason is that the multistage vibration aging has three times of loading and unloading, the work hardening phenomenon can occur when a larger deformation amount is loaded each time, and the precipitated phase is distributed more dispersedly under the action of ultrasonic vibration, so that dispersion strengthening is generated, and the plate formed by the multistage ultrasonic vibration aging technology has higher strength.
Example 2
(1) The 7075 aluminum alloy plate is cut into test pieces with the size of 200mm × 70mm × 2mm by linear cutting, the final deformation radius is 900mm, certain residual stress exists in the machined plate, but the residual stress is much smaller than that in the tailor-welded plate, and therefore, the ultrasonic vibration aging forming is carried out only twice.
(2) Carrying out first ultrasonic vibration aging forming: the dot-matrix adjustable tool is adjusted to the radius of 2000mm (the deformation is 45%), the ultrasonic application power is 1600W, the frequency is 20kHz, the aging time is 8h, the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and finally unloading is carried out.
(3) And (3) placing the workpiece subjected to the first aging forming into an integral continuous tool for final forming, setting the cumulative forming amount to be 100%, setting the aging time to be 12h, setting the aging temperature to be 200 ℃, and finally unloading.
Comparative examples 2 to 5
The difference with embodiment 2 lies in that, adopt the once vibration ageing of tradition to take shape, put into integral continuous frock with aluminum alloy plate, specific ageing conditions are as follows:
comparative example 2: the aging temperature is 200 ℃, and the aging time is 8 h;
comparative example 3: the aging temperature is 200 ℃, and the aging time is 12 h;
comparative example 4: the aging temperature is 140 ℃, and the aging time is 12 h;
comparative example 5: the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the aging time is 12 h.
The springback rate and mechanical properties of the original plate material without vibration aging and the curved plates formed in examples 2 and comparative examples 2 to 5 were measured by the test method of example 1, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 rebound and mechanical Properties of the original plate, example 2 and comparative examples 2 to 5
| Rebound resilience (%) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | |
| Original plate without vibration aging | 60.61 | 490.26 | 423.34 |
| Example 2 | 32.26 | 455.99 | 413.97 |
| COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2(200 ℃, 8h) | 57.51 | 475.53 | 413.65 |
| Comparative example 3(200 ℃, 12h) | 50.12 | 428.56 | 385.56 |
| Comparative example 4(140 ℃, 12h) | 86.57 | 495.01 | 470.81 |
| COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5(180 ℃, 12h) | 78.86 | 489.61 | 423.61 |
From the results shown in Table 3, it is understood that the spring back rate is greatly reduced by the multistage vibratory aging forming method compared with that without vibratory aging, and the tensile strength and yield strength are not greatly reduced. While the conventional primary vibration age forming, or the spring rate is too large (like comparative examples 4 and 5), or the tensile strength and yield strength (like comparative examples 2 and 3) are greatly reduced.
As can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples, the invention divides the ultrasonic vibration aging forming into multiple stages, gradually increases the deformation amount until the final forming, can more effectively eliminate the residual stress in the tailor-welded blank, improves the stress relaxation of the material and reduces the rebound rate of the material, because the ultrasonic vibration aging forming is applied for multiple times, the process of multiple loading and cooling can be generated, thus the plate can generate the work hardening phenomenon, and the tensile strength and the yield strength are higher than the traditional aging forming.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for forming a curved plate by multistage vibration aging of a tailor-welded blank comprises the following steps:
carrying out ultrasonic vibration aging forming on the tailor-welded blank for n times, and obtaining a curved plate when the accumulated deformation reaches 100%; wherein n is an integer of 2 or more.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the curved plate has a radius of 100 to 1000 mm.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein n is 2, 3, or 4.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein when n is 2, the deformation amount of the first ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 40-50%, and the accumulated deformation amount of the second ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 100%;
when n is 3, the deformation amount of the first ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 20-30%, the accumulated deformation amount of the second ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 50-60%, and the accumulated deformation amount of the third ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 100%;
when n is 4, the deformation amount of the first ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 10-20%, the accumulated deformation amount of the second ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 30-40%, the accumulated deformation amount of the third ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 50-60%, and the accumulated deformation amount of the fourth ultrasonic vibration aging forming is 100%.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the temperature of each ultrasonic vibration aging forming is independently 120 to 200 ℃.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the holding time for each ultrasonic vibration aging is independently 12 hours or less.
7. The method of claim 1, 4 or 6, wherein the operating voltage for each ultrasonic vibration ageing is independently 220V ± 22V, the power is 1600W and the frequency is 20 kHz.
8. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the ultrasonic vibration aging forming adopts a dot matrix adjustable tool and/or an integral continuous tool.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein when a dot matrix adjustable tool and an integral continuous tool are used, the integral continuous tool is used for the last ultrasonic vibration aging forming, and the dot matrix adjustable tools are used for the rest of the ultrasonic vibration aging forming.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the tailor welded blank is made of an aluminum alloy.
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| CN112605250A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-04-06 | 南昌航空大学 | Ultrasonic vibration assisted aluminum alloy aging forming device |
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Application publication date: 20200731 |