Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention discloses a filling bucket for constructional engineering, which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention conventionally use, which are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, or be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The utility model provides a fill out excavator bucket that building engineering used which characterized in that: the hydraulic excavator comprises a guide rail, a gear, a connecting block, a connecting plate, a sliding sleeve, an excavator bucket, a rotating shaft, a rack and a hydraulic column, wherein the connecting plate is hinged to the tail end of an excavator cantilever to form a four-link swinging mechanism driven by a hydraulic device; the connecting plate is provided with a guide rail which is horizontally arranged through a connecting block, and two sliding sleeves synchronously slide in the opposite direction or in the opposite direction on the guide rail; two L plates symmetrically arranged on the two sliding sleeves are connected through a hydraulic column.
Each sliding sleeve is hinged with a bucket through a rotating shaft, and the upper ends of the two rotating shafts incline to the outer sides of the two separated buckets at the same angle from the vertical direction; each rotating shaft deviates from the vertical central plane of the corresponding bucket and is close to the symmetrical plane between the two buckets; the two sliding sleeves are provided with swing limiting structures for limiting the two buckets to swing towards two sides around the corresponding rotating shafts, on one hand, the two buckets are guaranteed to be kept in a horizontal soil loading state under the limitation of the corresponding swing limiting blocks when in the horizontal soil loading state, on the other hand, the two buckets are guaranteed to swing towards the inner side in opposite directions around the corresponding rotating shafts respectively under the action of self weight and the gravity of the loaded soil when dumping the soil, so that the two buckets in the soil dumping state can dump the soil to the area between the two buckets at the same time, and the two buckets are guaranteed to retreat under the driving of the cantilever and can carry out soil backfilling operation on the annular area around the tree in the tree pit. The guide rail is provided with a structure for limiting the back-to-back sliding range of the two sliding sleeves.
The gear is arranged in the transmission groove on the guide rail, and the inner wall of each sliding sleeve is provided with a rack meshed with the gear.
As a further improvement of the technology, the side slope base plate which enables soil in the excavator bucket to have the tendency of gathering towards the middle position between the two excavator buckets is arranged on the cambered surface of the inner bottom of the excavator bucket, so that the soil at the position, far away from the middle part between the two excavator buckets, in the two excavator buckets can be gathered and toppled towards the middle position between the two excavator buckets under the guidance of the corresponding slope measuring base plate, and the backfilling efficiency of the excavator bucket to the annular area around the tree in the tree pit is further improved.
As a further improvement of the technology, two limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged on the lower surfaces of the two ends of the guide rail, and the two limiting blocks are respectively matched with the sliding sleeves on the same side to limit the sliding amplitude of the two sliding sleeves to the two sides along the guide rail; and the two sliding sleeves are respectively provided with a swing limiting block for limiting the bucket with the opening in the horizontal state to swing towards two sides relative to the corresponding sliding sleeve.
As a further improvement of the technology, the front edge of the opening of the bucket is provided with a shovel tooth which is convenient for shoveling soil.
As a further improvement of the technology, the angle of the upper end of the rotating shaft inclining from the vertical direction to the outer side direction of the corresponding bucket is 8 degrees, the angle just ensures that the bucket swings inwards around the corresponding rotating shaft when dumping soil, the opening of the bucket overturns outwards for a small angle at the same time, the soil with bucket force cannot be dumped towards two sides or the soil can not be dumped towards two sides for a small amount, the angle is matched with the side inclined backing plate so as to offset soil leakage caused by the relative outwards overturning of the opening of the bucket, the soil at the dumping position in the bucket basically falls into a tree pit along the position direction between the two buckets, and the two buckets gradually complete soil backfilling of the annular area around the trunk along with the driving of the two buckets by the cantilever of the excavator.
Compared with the traditional excavator buckets, the two excavator buckets move oppositely for a distance, so that space is provided for the tree in the period, and the two excavator buckets swing inwards and oppositely around the corresponding rotating shafts under the action of self weight when the cantilever drives the declined soil to fall, so that the falling soil in the two excavator buckets falls to the position between the two excavator buckets. The two digging buckets retreat under the driving of the cantilever, when the two digging buckets which are relatively closed around the corresponding rotating shafts meet the trunk, soil is backfilled in the tree pit annular areas at the two sides of the trunk by the two digging buckets, and after the two digging buckets are separated from the trunk, the two digging buckets swing oppositely around the corresponding rotating shafts again under the action of self weight so as to complete the soil backfilling operation of the rest part of the annular area around the trunk. The invention effectively realizes the backfilling operation of the annular area around the tree in the tree pit in which the tree is planted at one time, and effectively improves the soil backfilling efficiency of the annular area around the tree. The invention is improved on the basis of the original excavator bucket, so the production cost of the invention is lower. The invention has simple structure and better use effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the invention in conjunction with a cantilever.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cantilever of the present invention in cooperation with the cantilever.
Fig. 3 is an overall schematic of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of two buckets and two shafts in relative position.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the hydraulic column, L-shaped plate, sliding sleeve, rack A, rack B, gear and guide rail.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the guide rail and the gear in two views.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the bucket, sliding sleeve and rack in cooperation.
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bucket, the shaft and the sliding sleeve.
Figure 9 is a top cross-sectional view of the guide rail, two sliding sleeves and two buckets.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a cantilever.
Number designation in the figures: 1. a cantilever; 2. a guide rail; 3. a transmission groove; 4. a gear; 5. connecting blocks; 6. connecting plates; 7. a limiting block; 8. a sliding sleeve; 9. excavating a bucket; 10. a rotating shaft; 11. a lateral inclined base plate; 12. relieving teeth; 14. a rack; 15. a swing limiting block; 16. an L plate; 17. a hydraulic column; 18. and a hydraulic device.
Detailed Description
The drawings are schematic illustrations of the implementation of the present invention to facilitate understanding of the principles of structural operation. The specific product structure and the proportional size are determined according to the use environment and the conventional technology.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the hydraulic excavator comprises a guide rail 2, a gear 4, a connecting block 5, a connecting plate 6, a sliding sleeve 8, an excavator bucket 9, a rotating shaft 10, a rack 14 and a hydraulic column 17, wherein as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 10, the connecting plate 6 is hinged at the tail end of an excavator cantilever 1 to form a four-bar linkage swing mechanism driven by a hydraulic device 18; as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 6, a horizontally arranged guide rail 2 is installed on the connecting plate 6 through a connecting block 5, and two sliding sleeves 8 are synchronously slid on the guide rail 2 in opposite directions or in opposite directions; as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 5, two L-shaped plates 16 symmetrically mounted on two sliding sleeves 8 are connected by a hydraulic column 17.
As shown in fig. 4, 7 and 8, each sliding sleeve 8 is hinged with a bucket 9 through a rotating shaft 10, and the upper ends of the two rotating shafts 10 incline to the outer sides of the two separated buckets at the same angle from the vertical direction; each rotating shaft 10 is offset from the vertical central plane of the corresponding bucket 9 and close to the symmetry plane between the two buckets 9; two sliding sleeves 8 are provided with swing limiting structures for limiting two digging buckets 9 to swing towards two sides around corresponding rotating shafts 10, on one hand, the two digging buckets 9 are guaranteed to be kept in a horizontal soil loading state under the limitation of corresponding swing limiting blocks 15 when in the horizontal soil loading state, on the other hand, the two digging buckets 9 are guaranteed to swing towards the inner side in opposite directions around the corresponding rotating shafts 10 under the action of self weight and the gravity of the loaded soil when dumping the soil, so that the two digging buckets 9 in the soil dumping state can dump the soil to the area between the two digging buckets 9 at the same time, and the two digging buckets 9 can carry out soil backfilling operation on the annular area around the trees in the tree pit when moving backwards under the driving of the cantilever 1. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the guide rail 2 has a structure for limiting the sliding range of the two sliding sleeves 8 from back to back.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the gear 4 is installed in the transmission groove 3 on the guide rail 2, and a rack 14 engaged with the gear 4 is installed on the inner wall of each sliding sleeve 8.
As shown in fig. 2, 8 and 9, the side slope base plate 11 is installed on the arc surface of the bottom in the bucket 9, so that the soil in the bucket 9 tends to gather towards the middle position between the two buckets 9, and the soil at the position far away from the middle part between the two buckets 9 in the two buckets 9 can be guided by the corresponding slope base plate to gather towards the middle position between the two buckets 9 and topple over, so that the backfilling efficiency of the bucket 9 towards the annular region around the tree in the tree pit is further improved.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, two limiting blocks 7 are symmetrically installed on the lower surfaces of the two ends of the guide rail 2, and the two limiting blocks 7 are respectively matched with the sliding sleeves 8 on the same side to limit the sliding range of the two sliding sleeves 8 to the two sides along the guide rail 2; as shown in fig. 7 and 9, the two sliding sleeves 8 are each provided with a swing limiting block 15 for limiting the bucket 9 with the opening in a horizontal state to swing in two directions relative to the corresponding sliding sleeve 8.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, a cutting tooth 12 for facilitating cutting is installed at the front edge of the opening of the bucket 9.
As shown in fig. 4, the angle of the upper end of the rotating shaft 10 inclining from the vertical direction to the outer side of the corresponding bucket 9 is 8 degrees, which just ensures that the bucket 9 swings inwards around the corresponding rotating shaft 10 when dumping soil, and the opening of the bucket 9 turns outwards by a small angle, so that the soil forced by the bucket 9 cannot dump to both sides or dump to both sides by a small amount, and the upper end of the rotating shaft is matched with the side slope backing plate 11 to counteract the soil leakage caused by the relative outward turning of the opening of the bucket 9, so that the soil dumped from the bucket 9 falls into the tree pit basically and basically all towards the position between the two buckets 9, and the two buckets 9 gradually complete the soil backfilling of the ring area around the tree trunk as the two buckets 9 are driven by the excavator cantilever 1 to move backwards.
The hydraulic column 17 of the present invention is of the prior art.
In the invention, the connecting plate 6 hinged at the tail end of the cantilever 1 is positioned at a position far away from the center of the guide rail 2 on the guide rail 2, and the distance between the connecting plate 6 and the center of the guide rail 2 is greater than the radius of a trunk, so that the cantilever 1 and the trunk do not generate interference after the lower trunk is accommodated between two buckets 9 separated from each other by a certain distance.
The working process of the invention is as follows: in an initial state, the distance between the two sliding sleeves 8 is in a minimum state, the position, connected with the connecting plate 6, on the guide rail 2 deviates to one of the two buckets 9 from the gravity center position between the two buckets 9 by a certain distance, and therefore when the two buckets 9 fill soil around a trunk between the two buckets 9, the excavator cantilever 1 cannot interfere with the trunk. The two buckets 9 are respectively in a close and close state under the combined action of torque generated around the corresponding rotating shaft 10 due to the self weight of the buckets and the swing limiting block 15.
When soil is required to be shoveled and dug and soil is backfilled in a tree pit in which trees are planted by using the soil shoveling and digging device, a hydraulic device 18 arranged on a cantilever 1 of the digging machine drives a four-link swinging mechanism where the cantilever 1 and a connecting plate 6 are located to swing in a vertical plane, so that a guide rail 2 fixedly connected with the connecting plate 6 drives two digging buckets 9 respectively hinged with two sliding sleeves 8 through two sliding sleeves 8 to swing in the vertical plane around hinged joints of the connecting plate 6 and the cantilever 1 to dig and shovel soil, and the working principle of the digging and shoveling operation carried out by the two digging buckets 9 driven by the hydraulic device 18 arranged on the cantilever 1 is the same as that of the digging and shoveling operation of the digging buckets 9 in the traditional digging machine, and the description is omitted here.
When the invention is used for backfilling soil in a tree pit in which trees are planted, firstly, the two digging buckets 9 are driven by the hydraulic device 18 arranged on the cantilever 1 to shovel and load soil, and the openings of the two digging buckets 9 filled with soil are upward and are in a horizontal position, then the invention controls the extension of the hydraulic column 17 by the control system, and the extended hydraulic column 17 drives the two digging buckets 9 to slide back on the guide rail 2 through the two L plates 16 and the two sliding sleeves 8. The two sliding sleeves 8 respectively drive the two excavating buckets 9 to move back and forth at the same time. Two racks 14 installed on the two sliding sleeves 8 drive the gear 4 to rotate at the same time, and the speed of the back-to-back movement of the two sliding sleeves 8 relative to the guide rail 2 is the same.
Because each sliding sleeve 8 is provided with a swing limiting block 15 which acts with the corresponding bucket 9 and limits the bucket 9 to swing outwards around the corresponding rotating shaft 10 under the action of self weight, after the two sliding sleeves 8 are separated from each other, the two buckets 9 still keep an opening-up state, and the soil in the buckets 9 cannot spill.
When two sliding sleeves 8 meet with two stoppers 7 at installation guide rail 2 both ends respectively, two stoppers 7 prevent two sliding sleeves 8 to continue to slide, and the back of the body slip of two sliding sleeves 8 on guide rail 2 reaches the limit.
Then control cantilever 1 and drive two buckets 9 motion for vertical trunk that has planted in the tree pit is located between two buckets 9, and control cantilever 1 drives two buckets 9 that open side up through even board 6 and two sliding sleeves 8 and emptys soil around the pin joint of even board 6 and cantilever 1 in the tree pit. The two buckets 9 normally dump the soil downward as the buckets 9 swing around the hinge point of the cantilever 1 and the link plate 6 as in the conventional excavator, but the two buckets 9 swing around the corresponding rotating shafts 10 in opposite directions under the action of self-weight while dumping the soil around the hinge point of the link plate 6 and the cantilever 1. Due to the relative position characteristics of the two rotating shafts 10 and the corresponding sliding sleeves 8, the openings of the two digging buckets 9 are turned towards the inner side where the trunk is located, soil in each digging bucket 9 is turned inwards along with the digging bucket 9 when the soil is poured towards the position right below the digging bucket 9, and the soil poured simultaneously by the two digging buckets 9 can reach the position where the two digging buckets 9 cannot be buried as far as possible.
Along with the two buckets 9 dumping soil into the tree pit, the excavator drives the two buckets 9 to move backwards through the cantilever 1, and the tree pit is gradually filled. When two buckets 9 pass the position of the trunk along a vertical plane parallel to the vertical plane of the boom 1, the two buckets 9 swinging a certain angle in opposite directions about the respective shafts 10 will interact with the trunk and simultaneously swing outwards about the respective shafts 10 and turn the opening outwards by a certain angle under the action of the trunk. When the two buckets 9 completely cross the tree trunk, the two buckets 9 are separated from the tree trunk, continuously swing oppositely around the corresponding rotating shafts 10 respectively under the action of self weight, and turn over the opening inwards for a certain angle, and along with the continuous retreating of the two buckets 9 under the driving of the cantilever 1, the two buckets 9 continuously dump soil to the place right below the buckets 9 and between the two buckets 9, and finally the two buckets 9 jointly complete the soil backfilling operation of the annular area around the tree trunk in the tree pit.
After the backfilling of the tree pit is finished, the control system controls the hydraulic column 17 to shrink to the initial state length. During the contraction process of the hydraulic column 17, the hydraulic column 17 drives the two buckets 9 to move oppositely through a series of transmission, and the two buckets 9 simultaneously drive the gear 4 to rotate reversely through the corresponding racks 14.
In the process of the two buckets 9 moving and resetting in opposite directions, when the two buckets 9 meet, the two buckets 9 are dragged to gradually swing back to the initial state around the corresponding rotating shafts 10 respectively and are close to and tightly attached to each other, and the operation of backfilling soil into the tree pit and the resetting of the two buckets 9 are completely finished.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the tree planting device, a space is provided for a tree during the tree locating period after the two buckets 9 move back and forth by a distance, the two buckets 9 swing inwards and oppositely around the corresponding rotating shafts 10 under the action of self weight when the cantilever 1 drives the declined soil, and the soil falling from the two buckets 9 falls to the position between the two buckets 9. With the two digging buckets 9 retreating under the driving of the cantilever 1, when the two digging buckets 9 relatively closing around the corresponding rotating shaft 10 meet the trunk, the two digging buckets 9 backfill soil in the tree pit annular areas at the two sides of the trunk, and after the two digging buckets 9 are separated from the trunk, the two digging buckets 9 respectively swing around the corresponding rotating shaft 10 in opposite directions again under the action of self weight so as to complete soil backfill operation on the rest part of the annular area around the trunk. The invention effectively realizes the backfilling operation of the annular area around the tree in the tree pit in which the tree is planted at one time, and effectively improves the soil backfilling efficiency of the annular area around the tree. The invention is improved on the basis of the original excavator bucket 9, so the production cost of the invention is lower.