CN111463938A - Method for reducing magnetic flux leakage in rotor of low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
Method for reducing magnetic flux leakage in rotor of low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111463938A CN111463938A CN202010291496.8A CN202010291496A CN111463938A CN 111463938 A CN111463938 A CN 111463938A CN 202010291496 A CN202010291496 A CN 202010291496A CN 111463938 A CN111463938 A CN 111463938A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
- H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
- H02K1/2773—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect consisting of tangentially magnetized radial magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing magnetic leakage inside a rotor of a low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is used for solving the problem of magnetic leakage inside a rotor of an industrial low-speed high-torque electric spindle built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor and weakening the magnetic field intensity inside the rotor; the air magnetic barrier is arranged at the inner diameter position of the rotor, the magnetic leakage outside the inner diameter of the rotor is reduced, the size of the magnetic field inside the rotor of the motor is measured through a gauss meter, the weakening effect of the magnetic field inside the rotor is judged, and the effectiveness of the method is verified through ANSYS software simulation. The invention can timely detect the magnetic field intensity in the rotor and weaken the magnetic leakage in the rotor, thereby reducing the loss caused by the iron chips adsorbed by the overlarge magnetic field in the rotor in the production process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a method for reducing magnetic flux leakage in a rotor of a low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Background
The low-speed high-torque motor is not strictly defined, generally means that the rotating speed is lower than 500r/min, the torque is greater than 500Nm, and a low-speed high-torque motor system has extremely wide application prospects in the fields of industrial production, oilfield exploitation, wind power generation, ship propulsion and the like. In the numerical control machine tool, the electric main shaft integrates the machine tool main shaft and the main shaft motor into a whole, belt wheel transmission and gear transmission of a main transmission system of the high-speed numerical control machine tool can be eliminated, and the machine tool main shaft is directly driven by an internal motor, so that the length of a machine tool main transmission chain is shortened to zero, and the zero transmission chain of the machine tool is realized. The spindle motor and the machine tool spindle are combined into a transmission structure form, so that a spindle component is relatively independent from a transmission system and an integral structure of the machine tool, and the spindle motor can be made into a spindle unit which is commonly called as an electric spindle. Even in an electric spindle numerical control machine tool, a process that a workpiece needs to be turned around and is required to be clamped for the second time still exists, and the concentricity of the workpiece is difficult to guarantee. Under the condition that the requirement on the concentricity of mechanical assembly is high, a low-speed high-torque high-efficiency permanent magnet motor matched with a numerical control machine tool is developed for the motor in southern Anhui province. The electric spindle has the advantages of an electric spindle, and the problem of concentricity can be well solved. The project is a permanent magnet motor with a large inner diameter, a low rotating speed and a large torque electric main shaft, which comprises a stator and rotor system, a large precise bearing support transition, a large inner diameter hollow shaft system and the like, and is characterized in that: after the power supply is switched on, the motor drives the rotor to rotate at a low speed, and a workpiece can be additionally arranged on the large-inner-diameter hollow shaft of the rotor for processing. The power source for mechanical processing in a clamping mode of a traditional lathe is replaced, and therefore the processing precision and the production efficiency of the workpiece are improved. An electric spindle motor and a numerical control machine tool are organized into an electric spindle machine tool system for precise machining, a traditional machine tool drives a transmission chain machine tool spindle to rotate through a spindle motor to drive a workpiece to rotate, a cutter can only machine one side of the workpiece, when two sides of the workpiece are machined, the workpiece is taken down after one side is machined, one side is replaced for continuous machining, multiple times of clamping cannot be avoided, clamping errors are introduced, and the machined workpiece is uneven in wall thickness, uneven in end surface, low in machining precision, long in period, low in efficiency, high in cost and the like. The existing low-speed large-torque motorized spindle motor double-guide-rail and double-tool-holder numerical control feed system is used for machining, the geometric tolerance such as coaxiality, jumping and the like of the machining size of the front side and the back side of a workpiece is guaranteed to meet the requirement of a drawing, the machining precision of the workpiece is improved, the performance and the manufacturing quality of the whole machine are further improved, and the production efficiency is improved. The project technology has the following difficulties: because the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor of the low-speed large-torque electric spindle adopts the design of a large-inner-diameter hollow rotating shaft, the radial thickness of a rotor sheet is relatively small due to the large inner diameter of the rotor, and the magnetic leakage in the rotor is large in an built-in permanent magnet excitation mode. This low-speed big torque permanent-magnet machine adopts double knives processing mode, and the cutter stretches into the inside processing of motor and can leave iron fillings, because the inside magnetic leakage of idling shaft structure rotor is big in the big internal diameter, can adsorb the iron fillings of production and processing, and it is inconvenient to bring for production and processing, clearance maintenance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for reducing the internal magnetic flux leakage of a rotor of a low-speed large-torque electric spindle built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, so that the problems of the internal magnetic flux leakage of the rotor and the adsorption of scrap iron can be reduced, and the normal operation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is ensured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for reducing magnetic flux leakage in a rotor of a low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor is disclosed, wherein the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor with an internal electric spindle comprises the following steps: a stator, a rotor, a coil, permanent magnets combined in different magnetizing directions under a single pole, a magnetism isolating magnetic bridge and an air magnetic barrier, and is characterized in that the permanent magnets and the air magnetic barrier combined in different magnetizing directions under the single pole,
the position of the permanent magnet from the outer diameter of the rotor, the included angle between the lower permanent magnets of the single pole and the distance between the permanent magnets of different poles are proper.
And the permanent magnet is segmented under a single pole and is magnetized in different directions. In a common permanent magnet motor, most permanent magnets adopt a radial array structure and a tangential array structure, and a Halbach array matrix is a novel magnetic structure which combines the radial array structure and the tangential array structure. When the Halbach array magnetizes an internal field, the magnetic field is concentrated towards the inner side of the permanent magnet ring, and the magnetic density at the outer side of the permanent magnet ring is very low, so that the Halbach array has no influence on a peripheral structural part. The combination of the radial and tangential permanent magnet arrays (Halbach array) enables the magnetic field on one side to be enhanced and the magnetic field on the other side to be weakened, so that the problem of magnetic leakage inside the rotor can be effectively weakened, and meanwhile, sufficient air gap flux density is provided. On the basis, the magnetizing mode of the permanent magnet is changed, the original permanent magnet magnetized in a single direction is changed into a combined permanent magnet in different magnetizing directions, a magnetic field can be effectively contracted inside the rotor sheet, and the magnetic leakage outside the inner diameter of the rotor is reduced.
The rotor core is provided with a circle of air magnetic barriers. The permanent magnet of the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor is arranged in a rotor core, the magnetic leakage is large, the utilization rate of the permanent magnet is low, corresponding magnetic isolation measures are required to be adopted, the rotor structure tends to be complicated due to the magnetic isolation, the mechanical strength is poor, and the simple magnetic isolation measures are adopted under the condition that the magnetic isolation effect is ensured.
And measuring the size of the magnetic field inside the motor rotor through a gauss meter, and judging the weakening effect of the magnetic field inside the rotor. The gaussmeter is an instrument for measuring magnetic induction intensity manufactured according to Hall effect, and is composed of a Hall probe and a measuring instrument, and is used for measuring static or dynamic (alternating current) magnetic induction intensity of an object at one point in space.
The Hall probe is used for approximately measuring the Hall voltage generated by the Hall effect in the magnetic field of the Hall probe, the motor magnetic field is used for generating a voltage signal and providing the voltage signal to the measuring instrument, and the magnetic induction intensity can be determined according to a Hall voltage formula and a known Hall coefficient after the Hall voltage is measured.
The effectiveness of the method is verified through ANSYS software simulation, an original motor such as a graph 3 and a new motor model such as a graph 4 are established under ANSYS software, and the waveform of the magnetic field intensity change of the inner diameter of the rotor such as a graph 5 is obtained through finite element simulation.
Further, the primary motor model comprises a stator, a rotor, a coil and a single magnetizing direction permanent magnet.
Further, the new motor model comprises a stator, a rotor, a coil, permanent magnets combined in different magnetizing directions under a single pole and an air magnetic barrier.
Further, the magnetic field intensity variation waveform of the inner diameter of the rotor comprises a variation waveform of the magnetic field intensity of the inner diameter of the rotor of the original motor model and a variation waveform of the magnetic field intensity of the inner diameter of the rotor of the new motor model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for reducing the magnetic flux leakage in the rotor, the original single-direction magnetization of the permanent magnet in the rotor is changed into the combination of different magnetization directions, so that a magnetic field can be effectively contracted in the rotor punching sheet, and the magnetic flux leakage outside the inner diameter of the rotor is reduced; meanwhile, the rotor core is provided with a circle of air magnetic barrier, and the magnetic isolation magnetic bridge is narrow, so that the rotor core can be saturated through smaller magnetic flux, the magnetic flux leakage is limited, iron chips are effectively prevented from being adsorbed in the rotor, and the industrial production is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the appearance of the motor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal distribution of the motor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a motor prototype diagram (motor1) under ansys software.
Fig. 4 is a new motor model diagram (motor2) of permanent magnet and rotor magnetic bridge design under ansys software by adopting different magnetizing modes.
FIG. 5 is the waveform diagram of the change of the magnetic field intensity on the inner diameter of the rotor under the model of the original motor and the new motor.
Reference numbers in the figures: the permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises a low-speed large-torque electric spindle built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor1, a gaussmeter 2, a stator 3, a rotor 4, a coil 5, permanent magnets combined in different magnetizing directions under 6 monopoles, a magnetic isolation bridge 7, an air magnetic barrier 8, a permanent magnet magnetized in a single direction 9, a changing waveform of the magnetic field intensity on the inner diameter of a rotor of an original motor model 10 and a changing waveform of the magnetic field intensity on the inner diameter of a rotor of a new motor model 11.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.
In this embodiment, the low-speed high-torque electric spindle built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor1 has a structure including: the magnetic flux leakage limiting device comprises a stator 3, a rotor 4, a coil 5, a permanent magnet 6 combined in different magnetizing directions under a single pole, a magnetic isolation magnetic bridge 7 and an air magnetic barrier 8, wherein the rotor is provided with a circle of air magnetic barriers close to the inner diameter part of the rotor, the magnetic isolation magnetic bridge is narrow, and the air magnetic barriers can be saturated through small magnetic flux, so that the magnetic flux leakage is limited; the original permanent magnet 9 magnetized in a single direction in the rotor is changed into the permanent magnet 6 combined in different magnetizing directions under a single pole, the synthesis of the radial and tangential permanent magnet arrays (Halbach array) enables the magnetic field on one side to be enhanced and the magnetic field on the other side to be weakened, the magnetic field can be effectively contracted inside the rotor punching sheet, the magnetic leakage outside the inner diameter of the rotor is reduced, and meanwhile, sufficient air gap magnetic density is provided. The motor appearance diagram is shown in fig. 1. The internal distribution of the motor is schematically shown in fig. 2. The built-in permanent magnet motor ensures that the normal working performance of the permanent magnet is relatively proper in the position away from the outer diameter of the rotor, the included angle between the lower permanent magnets of the single pole and the distance between the permanent magnets of different poles. The magnetic induction intensity in the rotor is measured through a gaussmeter 2, a Hall sensor (a fluxgate sensor with higher precision) penetrates through a magnetic line of an object to generate current and voltage, and the magnetic induction intensity is displayed on the main equipment.
Simulation is carried out by ANSYS Electronics, and simulation parameters are as follows: the stator outer diameter is 720mm, the stator inner diameter is 620mm, the rotor outer diameter is 618mm, the rotor inner diameter is 510mm, the motor length is 75mm, the lamination coefficient is 0.95, the stator and rotor punching sheet material DW360_50, the permanent magnet material Ndfe35, the stator slot number is 90, the pole number is 16, the power is 11kw, and the rotating speed is 375 rpm. The simulation original model is shown in figure 3, a new model designed by adopting different magnetizing modes of permanent magnets and a rotor magnetic bridge is shown in figure 4, the simulation result is that the variation waveform of the magnetic field intensity on the inner diameter of the rotor is shown in figure 5, the variation waveform 10 of the magnetic field intensity on the inner diameter of the rotor of the original motor model and the variation waveform 11 of the magnetic field intensity on the inner diameter of the rotor of the new motor model are compared, the new model can weaken the magnetic field inside the rotor, the magnetic leakage is limited, and the effect of adsorbing scrap iron inside the rotor is effectively prevented.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reducing magnetic flux leakage inside a rotor of a low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor is disclosed, wherein the low-speed high-torque electric spindle built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor (1) comprises the following steps: the magnetic shield comprises a stator (3), a rotor (4), a coil (5), a permanent magnet (6) which is combined in different magnetizing directions under a single pole, a magnetic isolation magnetic bridge (7) and an air magnetic barrier (8), and is characterized in that the permanent magnet (6) and the air magnetic barrier (8) which are combined in different magnetizing directions under the single pole are combined.
2. The method for reducing the magnetic flux leakage in the rotor of the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the position of the permanent magnet from the outer diameter of the rotor, the included angle between the lower permanent magnets of the single pole and the distance between the permanent magnets of different poles are proper.
3. The method for reducing the flux leakage in the rotor of the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet is segmented under a single pole and is magnetized in different directions. In a common permanent magnet motor, most permanent magnets adopt a radial array structure and a tangential array structure, and a Halbach array matrix is a novel magnetic structure which combines the radial array structure and the tangential array structure. When the Halbach array magnetizes an internal field, the magnetic field is concentrated towards the inner side of the permanent magnet ring, and the magnetic density at the outer side of the permanent magnet ring is very low, so that the Halbach array has no influence on a peripheral structural part. The combination of the radial and tangential permanent magnet arrays (Halbach array) enables the magnetic field on one side to be enhanced and the magnetic field on the other side to be weakened, so that the problem of magnetic leakage inside the rotor can be effectively weakened, and meanwhile, sufficient air gap flux density is provided. On the basis, the magnetizing mode of the permanent magnet is changed, the original permanent magnet (9) magnetized in a single direction is changed into the combined permanent magnet (6) with different magnetizing directions, a magnetic field can be effectively contracted inside the rotor punching sheet, and the magnetic leakage outside the inner diameter of the rotor is reduced.
4. The method for reducing the internal magnetic flux leakage of the rotor of the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor core is provided with a ring of air magnetic barriers (8). The permanent magnet of the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor is arranged in a rotor core, the magnetic leakage is large, the utilization rate of the permanent magnet is low, corresponding magnetic isolation measures are required to be adopted, the rotor structure tends to be complicated due to the magnetic isolation, the mechanical strength is poor, and the simple magnetic isolation measures are adopted under the condition that the magnetic isolation effect is ensured.
5. The method for reducing the magnetic flux leakage in the rotor of the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that the magnetic field weakening effect in the rotor is judged by measuring the magnetic field in the rotor of the motor through a gaussmeter (2). The gaussmeter is an instrument for measuring magnetic induction intensity manufactured according to Hall effect, and is composed of a Hall probe and a measuring instrument, and is used for measuring static or dynamic (alternating current) magnetic induction intensity of an object at one point in space.
6. The method for reducing the magnetic flux leakage in the rotor of the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 5, wherein the Hall probe approximately measures the Hall voltage generated by the Hall effect in the magnetic field at the position of the Hall probe, the voltage signal is generated by the magnetic field of the motor and is provided for a measuring instrument, and the magnetic induction intensity can be determined according to a Hall voltage formula and a known Hall coefficient after the Hall voltage is measured.
7. The method for reducing the magnetic flux leakage in the rotor of the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that the effectiveness of the method is verified through ANSYS software simulation, an original motor such as a motor shown in figure 3 and a new motor model such as a motor shown in figure 4 are established under the ANSYS software, and a magnetic field intensity variation waveform of the inner diameter of the rotor such as a rotor shown in figure 5 is obtained through finite element simulation.
8. The method for reducing the internal magnetic flux leakage of the rotor of the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 7, wherein the primary motor model comprises a stator (3), a rotor (4), a coil (5) and a single magnetizing direction permanent magnet (9).
9. The method for reducing the magnetic flux leakage inside the rotor of the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 7, wherein the new motor model comprises a stator (3), a rotor (4), a coil (5), permanent magnets (6) combined in different magnetizing directions under a single pole and an air magnetic barrier (8).
10. The method for reducing the magnetic flux leakage in the rotor of the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 7, wherein the waveform of the change of the magnetic field strength in the inner diameter of the rotor comprises a waveform (10) of the change of the magnetic field strength in the inner diameter of the rotor of the original motor model and a waveform (11) of the change of the magnetic field strength in the inner diameter of the rotor of the new motor model.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010291496.8A CN111463938A (en) | 2020-04-14 | 2020-04-14 | Method for reducing magnetic flux leakage in rotor of low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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| CN202010291496.8A CN111463938A (en) | 2020-04-14 | 2020-04-14 | Method for reducing magnetic flux leakage in rotor of low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113098170A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 合肥工业大学 | Optimization method of built-in permanent magnet motor air gap field based on Taguchi method |
| CN114999767A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-02 | 浙江远鸿新能源科技有限公司 | Magnetizing current control module and method for direct current motor |
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Application publication date: 20200728 |