CN111446725B - Hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for micro-grid - Google Patents
Hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for micro-grid Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for a micro-grid, which is based on the traditional droop control, wherein a hybrid energy storage device adopts a storage battery and a super capacitor with strong complementarity, the super capacitor is used as a main frequency control unit to quickly provide power response frequency change, the storage battery responds to the power change of a load and participates in the secondary regulation of frequency, and in addition, the method is different from the traditional droop control frequency modulation and also realizes the secondary regulation of the energy storage deviceSOCControl, while the super capacitor is used as an energy storage device with high power density and low energy density to respond to the rapid power change of the load, the super capacitorSOCSubstantially constant about a set point, and a plurality of batteries responsive to changes in load power while maintaining the sameSOCAnd gradually equalizing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of frequency modulation of a micro-grid system, in particular to a hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for a micro-grid.
Background
The depletion of traditional fossil energy due to the large consumption thereof is continuous, and the development and utilization of renewable energy are more and more regarded by various countries. Renewable energy power generation stability is poor, a micro-grid is more flexible and efficient than a large power grid, the stability of renewable energy power generation can be effectively enhanced by using the micro-grid to manage and control renewable energy power generation, and the micro-grid gradually becomes a development trend and an effective way for developing renewable energy in the future.
The key factor of whether the micro-grid is stable is whether the frequency of the micro-grid is stable, generally, renewable energy power generation has strong randomness, intermittence, fluctuation and other problems, which can cause system frequency fluctuation, and in addition, the frequency stability is also influenced by power imbalance caused by load change, so that the frequency control research of the micro-grid is very important.
Two frequency adjustment modes of the microgrid system are generally available, one mode is that the renewable energy is controlled to participate in the frequency modulation of the microgrid system, for example, the actual working point in photovoltaic power generation or wind power generation is slightly higher than the maximum power tracking point, so that the microgrid system is in load shedding operation, and a part of standby power is reserved, so that the renewable energy has the capability of participating in the frequency modulation of the system. The second mode is that energy storage devices such as a storage battery and a super capacitor are arranged in the micro-grid system to adjust the frequency of the system, the energy storage devices have controllable bidirectional throughput capacity, are flexible in working and high in response speed, and can effectively make up the defect that renewable energy sources participate in frequency modulation. The traditional energy storage frequency modulation has limitations, and the characteristics of energy storage devices of different types or the factors such as the SOC (state of charge) of the energy storage devices are not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention researches and develops a novel hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for a microgrid, which is based on the traditional droop control, uses different types of energy storage devices, namely a super capacitor with high power density and a storage battery with high energy density, in an island microgrid to exert the respective advantages thereof to regulate the frequency of the microgrid, and does not need any communication equipment in the regulation process. In the method, the super capacitor is used as a main frequency control unit to rapidly provide power, responds to frequency change, and the storage battery mainly responds to the power change of the load and participates in secondary adjustment of frequency, so that the system frequency is maintained at the rated frequency. In addition, the SOC control of the energy storage device is realized, the SOC of the super capacitor is basically unchanged near a set point when the super capacitor is used as the energy storage device with high power density and low energy density to respond to the rapid power change of the load, the SOC of the storage batteries is gradually balanced when the power of the load is changed, the added SOC control adds the SOC of the energy storage device into droop control, the defect that whether the different energy storage devices are in a normal SOC range or not can not be considered when the different energy storage devices exert the advantages of the different energy storage devices in the existing control is effectively overcome, and the defect that the effective working time of the hybrid energy storage work cannot be guaranteed.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for a micro-grid comprises the following steps:
(1) The micro-grid system comprises hybrid energy storage equipment and a load, wherein the energy storage equipment is firstly boosted through DC/DC conversion and then is connected with the load through DC/AC conversion. The hybrid energy storage device comprises a storage battery and a super capacitor.
(2) The method is based on the traditional droop control which detects the inversion voltage U of the energy storage inverter after filtering abc And an inverter current I abc Calculating the active power P and the reactive power Q through a power calculation module, and calculating the active power P and the reactive power Q through a formula f = f 0 m.P, resulting in a frequency command value f, where f 0 Calculating a phase angle theta according to a frequency command value, wherein m is an active droop coefficient and is a rated frequency; by the formula U ref ＝U 0 -n.Q, resulting in a reference voltage U ref Wherein U is 0 And n is a reactive droop coefficient. According to U ref And theta is subjected to park transformation to calculate U dref And U qref According to U abc And theta is subjected to park transformation to calculate U d And U q Reference voltage U to dq axis dref And U qref And dq axis actual voltage U d And U q And obtaining a reference electromotive force E through a PI regulator, adjusting the output to control the on-off of the inverter according to the obtained phase angle theta and the reference electromotive force E, and outputting corresponding voltage and current.
(3) The method is different from the traditional droop control method in that: in droop control corresponding to the super capacitor, the formula for solving the frequency command value is
Wherein k is p And k i PI parameter for super capacitor SOC control, SOC ref Being super-capacitorsReference value of SOC, SOC es Is the actual value of SOC, m, of the energy storage device sc For the active sag factor, P, of the supercapacitor sc Power allocated for the super capacitor; in droop control corresponding to the storage battery, a formula for obtaining a frequency command value is ^ based on>
Wherein k is pf And k if PI parameters for the storage battery participating in secondary frequency modulation control; f. of 0 Is the rated frequency of the system; f. of ref The reference value is a secondary frequency modulation frequency reference value, and a rated frequency is used as the reference value during actual control; f. of meas Is an actual measurement of the system frequency; m is a unit of bt The active droop coefficient of the storage battery is obtained; p bt The power allocated to the battery. According to the two formulas, the storage battery and the super capacitor participate in frequency modulation together, in addition, the SOC control of the energy storage device is realized, and the SOC of the super capacitor is basically unchanged around a set reference value while the super capacitor is used as the energy storage device with high power density and low energy density to respond to the rapid power change of a load.
In the hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for the microgrid, the active droop coefficient of the super capacitor is smaller than the active droop coefficient of the storage battery, the distributed power of the super capacitor is larger than the distributed power of the storage battery (the power distribution calculation is shown in formula 4), the super capacitor serves as a main frequency control unit to quickly provide power response frequency change, the storage battery mainly responds to the power change of the load and participates in secondary frequency regulation, and the system frequency is maintained at the frequency reference value f ref 。
In the hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for the micro-grid, the storage battery in the hybrid energy storage equipment is a storage battery pack, and the formula of the frequency instruction value in the storage battery droop control method is
k s For gain of battery SOC control, the battery pack adds SOC control to gradually equalize their SOCs while responding to load power changes.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The method can utilize the inherent characteristics of different energy storage devices to give full play to the advantages of the different energy storage devices, so that the super capacitor mainly responds to the frequency change of the system, and the rest storage batteries mainly bear the load power change.
(2) The method can keep the SOC of the super capacitor unchanged at a reference value in the control process, enough energy is available to respond to the next frequency change, the SOC of a plurality of storage batteries can be gradually balanced, and the service life of the energy storage device can be greatly prolonged.
(3) The method can not maintain the frequency unchanged and increase the secondary frequency modulation when the load suddenly changes for the traditional droop control, so that the system frequency is stabilized at the rated frequency, and the stable operation of the system is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a simplified block diagram of the microgrid of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the droop control of the system energy storage inverter.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the super capacitor droop control in the improved droop method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of battery droop control in the improved droop method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a waveform of the energy storage device output power when conventional droop control is employed.
Fig. 6 is an energy storage device SOC waveform when the conventional droop control is employed.
Fig. 7 is a system frequency waveform when the conventional droop control is employed.
FIG. 8 is a waveform of the output power of the energy storage device when the super capacitor SOC control and the secondary frequency modulation control of the storage battery are added.
FIG. 9 is a waveform of the energy storage device SOC when the super capacitor SOC control and the secondary frequency modulation control of the storage battery are added.
Fig. 10 is a system frequency waveform in the super capacitor SOC control and the secondary frequency modulation control of the secondary battery.
Fig. 11 is a waveform of output power of the energy storage device when super capacitor SOC control, secondary frequency modulation control of the storage battery, and SOC equalization control of the storage battery are added.
Fig. 12 is a waveform of the SOC of the energy storage device when the super capacitor SOC control, the secondary frequency modulation control of the battery, and the SOC equalization control of the battery are added.
Fig. 13 is a system frequency waveform in the super capacitor SOC control, the secondary frequency modulation control of the secondary battery, and the SOC equalization control of the secondary battery.
Detailed Description
First, the microgrid system structure of the present invention is simplified as shown in fig. 1. The micro-grid system comprises a hybrid energy storage device and a load, wherein the hybrid energy storage device is composed of a super capacitor and two storage batteries, the voltage between the energy storage device and the load is increased through DC/DC, and then the energy storage device and the load are connected through DC/AC inversion. The super capacitor is a power type energy storage device and can rapidly provide power but cannot output energy for a long time, the storage battery is an energy type energy storage device and can output energy for a long time, but the reaction speed is low, and the super capacitor and the storage battery can be combined for use and just can complement each other.
A hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for a micro-grid is characterized in that a super capacitor is used as a main frequency control unit to respond to system frequency change, and two storage batteries respond to load power change and participate in secondary frequency modulation of a system. The formula for obtaining the frequency command value is shown in formula (1).
f＝f 0 -mP (1)
In the formula: f is a frequency command value; f. of 0 Is a rated frequency; m is an active droop coefficient; and P is the active power output by the inverter.
The super capacitor droop equation is shown in the formula (2), the control block diagram is shown in fig. 3, the storage battery droop equation is shown in the formula (3), and the control block diagram is shown in fig. 4.
In the formula: wherein k is p And k i PI parameter for supercapacitor SOC control, SOC ref Is the SOC reference value, SOC of the super capacitor es For storing energy is providedActual value of prepared SOC, m sc For the active sag factor, P, of the supercapacitor sc Power allocated for the super capacitor; wherein k is pf And k if PI parameter, f, for secondary frequency modulation control of the accumulator ref Is a frequency reference value, f meas Is an actual measurement of the system frequency; k is a radical of s Gain for battery SOC control, m bt For active sag factor, P, of the accumulator bt The power allocated to the battery. When a plurality of energy storage devices form microgrid isolated island operation through droop control, because the frequency is an integral variable, the energy storage devices work under the same frequency command value f, and the total active power P = P output by the inverter sc +P bt 。
In the formulas (2) and (3), the first part is traditional droop control, the output active power of the micro-grid is adjusted according to the frequency of the micro-grid, and the second part in the formula (2) is a super capacitor SOC control link, and a super capacitor SOC reference value SOC is set ref The actual value SOC of the super capacitor is calculated es And a reference value SOC ref Comparing, and PI controlling to maintain the SOC actual value at the reference value SOC ref The third part in the formula (3) is a frequency compensation link of secondary frequency modulation of the storage battery, and a frequency reference value f is obtained ref And the actual measured value f meas Is subjected to PI control to enable the system frequency to be equal to a reference value f ref The fourth part is a storage battery SOC control link, and the storage batteries with different SOCs output different powers to enable the SOCs of the storage batteries to be gradually balanced.
Among the above coefficients, the magnitude of the droop coefficient may affect the frequency fluctuation during power variation, so that the droop coefficient should be reasonably selected to make the frequency fluctuation meet the corresponding technical standard. And determining the selection range of the PI parameters according to small signal analysis, and debugging according to actual conditions in the simulation process to obtain final parameters. When the gain of the storage battery is too small, the SOC balancing speed is too slow, and when the gain of the storage battery is too large, the frequency stability is influenced, and the final gain value is obtained through comprehensive simulation debugging.
When the frequency changes due to sudden load change, the super capacitor and the storage battery are simultaneously connected through the first partParticipating in primary frequency modulation of the system, wherein the droop coefficient m of the super capacitor sc Setting a droop coefficient m smaller than the battery bt Power relationship when controlled by conventional droop
Therefore, the distributed power of the super capacitor is large, so that the super capacitor can rapidly provide more power and plays a main role in responding to the frequency change of a system; the SOC value of the super capacitor can be recovered to the reference value SOC while primary frequency modulation is carried out on the super capacitor through the control of the second part ref Nearby, the change of the load power is mainly responded by the storage battery, so that the super capacitor can still have enough energy to respond to the frequency change when the load suddenly changes next time; the storage battery is controlled to perform secondary frequency modulation on the micro-grid system through the third part, the traditional droop control is in principle differential regulation, according to a droop curve, the frequency output by the inverter can change according to the change of power, and the frequency reference value f can be deviated when the system recovers to be stable ref The deviation is compensated by the third part, so that the frequency is completely restored to the frequency reference value f when the system is stable ref (ii) a The SOC of the storage batteries can be balanced through the fourth part of control, when the initial SOC of the two storage batteries is inconsistent, if corresponding control is not carried out, the storage batteries with low initial SOC can discharge electricity before exiting the system during discharging, so that the discharging speed of the rest storage batteries is accelerated, the service life of the rest storage batteries is influenced, a fault possibly caused when one storage battery exits the system suddenly can cause adverse effect on the system, when the fourth part of control is added to enable the SOC of the two storage batteries to be unbalanced, the storage battery with higher SOC outputs more power in the discharging process, the storage battery with low SOC outputs less power, the SOC of the storage batteries are gradually balanced in the working process, and the gain coefficient k is controlled to gradually balance the SOC of the storage batteries s To control the equalization rate of the battery.
According to the embodiment, simulation experiments are carried out in Matlab/Simulink according to the control, active loads are changed to carry out simulation under different strategies, and corresponding results are observed.
The active droop coefficients of the two storage batteries are set to be twice of those of the super capacitor, the system initially works in an unloaded state, the active load 20000W is suddenly increased in 1s, and the system runs to 6s and then cuts off the load. Fig. 5 to 7 are waveforms under the conventional droop control, in which the system frequency drops and cannot be recovered when a load is increased, the output power of the super capacitor is greater than that of the storage battery, the SOC of the super capacitor drops sharply, the output powers of the two storage batteries are equal, the power waveforms coincide, and the SOCs of the two storage batteries drop at the same rate; fig. 8 to fig. 10 are waveforms after the SOC control of the super capacitor and the secondary frequency modulation control of the storage batteries are added, the system frequency is maintained when the load is added, the super capacitor quickly provides a part of power supporting frequency, then the load power is fully borne by the two storage batteries, and the super capacitor does not output power any more, although the peak power of the super capacitor under this strategy is lower than that under the traditional droop control, the SOC of the super capacitor does not change significantly, the waveforms of the output power of the two storage batteries still output equal power, the power waveforms of the two storage batteries coincide, and the SOC of the two storage batteries decrease at the same rate; fig. 11 to fig. 13 are waveforms obtained after the SOC balance control of the storage batteries is further added on the basis, the system frequency is still basically maintained when the load is added, the super capacitor condition is the same as the above, but the discharge speed of the two storage batteries is different, and the SOC difference value of the two storage batteries gradually decreases and tends to balance.
Table 1 shows simulation parameters
Tab.1 simulation parameter
Claims (2)
1. A hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for a micro-grid is characterized in that energy storage equipment is used for adjusting the frequency of a system, and the energy storage equipment is firstly boosted through DC/DC conversion and then is connected with a load through DC/AC conversion; the frequency of the energy storage equipment adjusting system is based on a traditional droop control method, and the traditional droop control method firstly detects the inversion voltage U of the energy storage inverter after filtering abc And an inverter current I abc Calculating active power P and reactive power Q, obtaining a frequency command value f by solving a formula of the frequency command value, and calculating a phase angle theta according to the frequency command value; by the formula U ref ＝U 0 -n.Q, resulting in a reference voltage U ref Wherein U is 0 Is rated voltage, n is reactive droop coefficient according to U ref D [ theta ] is subjected to park transformation to calculate dq axis reference voltage U dref And U qref According to U abc D [ theta ] is subjected to park transformation to calculate dq axis voltage U d And U q Reference voltage U dref And U qref And the actual voltage U d And U q Obtaining a reference electromotive force E through a PI regulator, and adjusting and outputting the reference electromotive force E and the obtained phase angle theta to control the on-off of the inverter so as to output corresponding voltage current;
the method is characterized in that: the energy storage device is a hybrid energy storage device and comprises a storage battery and a super capacitor; in the droop control method corresponding to the super capacitor, the formula for solving the frequency command value is
Wherein k is p And k i PI parameter for supercapacitor SOC control, SOC ref Is the SOC reference value, SOC, of the super capacitor es Is the actual value of SOC, m, of the energy storage device sc Is the active droop coefficient, P, of the super capacitor sc Power allocated for the super capacitor; the storage battery in the hybrid energy storage equipment is a storage battery pack, and in the droop control method corresponding to the storage battery, a formula for solving a frequency instruction value is
Wherein k is pf And k if PI parameters for the storage battery participating in secondary frequency modulation control; f. of 0 A system rated frequency; f. of ref The reference value is a secondary frequency modulation frequency reference value, and a rated frequency is used as the reference value during actual control; f. of meas Is an actual measurement of the system frequency; m is bt The active droop coefficient of the storage battery is obtained; p is bt Power allocated to the accumulator, k s Is the gain of the battery SOC control.
2. The hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for the micro-grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: the active droop coefficient of the super capacitor is smaller than the active droop coefficient of the storage battery.
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| CN114156912B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-07-28 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Energy management method and system for primary frequency modulation by using hybrid energy storage |
| CN116435982B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-05-10 | 北京天诚同创电气有限公司 | Micro-grid control method and device |
| CN117375026B (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-04-02 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Micro-grid frequency modulation system and method with cooperation of super capacitor and battery energy storage |
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