CN111439761A - Method for preparing high-purity lithium carbonate through continuous carbonization and decomposition - Google Patents

Method for preparing high-purity lithium carbonate through continuous carbonization and decomposition Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111439761A
CN111439761A CN202010102190.3A CN202010102190A CN111439761A CN 111439761 A CN111439761 A CN 111439761A CN 202010102190 A CN202010102190 A CN 202010102190A CN 111439761 A CN111439761 A CN 111439761A
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lithium carbonate
carbonization
thermal decomposition
carbonization tower
continuous
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Inventor
李良彬
廖萃
廖文华
许鑫
胡志华
叶明�
谢军
潘志芳
张阳阳
刘明
彭爱平
李芳芳
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JIANGXI GANFENG LITHIUM CO Ltd
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JIANGXI GANFENG LITHIUM CO Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00Lithium compounds
    • C01D15/08Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80Compositional purity

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing high-purity lithium carbonate by continuous carbonization and decomposition, which comprises the following steps: A. preparing materials; B. continuously carbonizing; C. filtering; D. continuous thermal decomposition; E. thickening; F. carrying out centrifugal separation; G. and (5) drying. The invention recovers the carbon dioxide generated by thermal decomposition, reduces the production cost, protects the atmospheric environment, has high carbonization efficiency, adopts two-stage thermal decomposition kettle operation in thermal decomposition, and has small steam consumption; and the whole processing has high automation degree, the labor cost is reduced while the production energy is ensured, and in addition, the water content of the high-purity lithium carbonate product produced by the invention is very low at 500 ℃.

Description

Method for preparing high-purity lithium carbonate through continuous carbonization and decomposition
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of high-purity lithium carbonate, in particular to a method for preparing high-purity lithium carbonate by continuous carbonization and decomposition.
Technical Field
The high-purity lithium carbonate is traditionally applied to the production of lithium tantalate, acoustic-grade single-crystal lithium niobate, optical-grade single-crystal lithium niobate and the like. At present, each large lithium salt factory generally adopts a bicarbonate decomposition method, adopts kettle type intermittent operation, and carries out carbonization in a mechanical stirring reaction kettle after solid lithium carbonate is prepared into slurry. In order to enhance the driving force of mass transfer and improve the production efficiency, higher operating pressure is often adopted. After carbonization, filter pressing is carried out to remove impurities, and the obtained product enters a decomposition kettle, and is heated and decomposed under normal pressure, so that the feed liquid needs to be boiled for a period of time to ensure complete decomposition of the lithium bicarbonate. And centrifugally separating and drying the slurry subjected to thermal decomposition to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate product.
The process flow has the following defects: (1) carbon dioxide generated by thermal decomposition is not recycled and is discharged into the atmosphere, so that the manufacturing cost is increased, and adverse effects on the environment are also generated; (2) the mechanical stirring kettle is adopted for carbonization, so that the gas-liquid mass transfer area is small, and the carbonization efficiency is low; (3) the thermal decomposition adopts single-kettle single-stage intermittent operation, and the steam consumption is large. According to the law of partial pressure, the thermal decomposition process produces carbon dioxide and simultaneously discharges a large amount of water vapor, and the water vapor is consumed to produce heating steam. Moreover, in order to complete pyrolysis, the feed liquid needs to be stabilized in a boiling state for a period of time, and the consumption of steam is increased. (4) The productivity is low and the labor cost is high. (5) The produced high-purity lithium carbonate product has high water content at 500 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is completed for solving the defects in the prior art, and the invention aims to provide the method for preparing the high-purity lithium carbonate by continuous carbonization and decomposition, which has high production efficiency and high productivity, wherein the main content of the prepared high-purity lithium carbonate is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, and the loss on ignition at 500 ℃ is less than or equal to 0.1 percent.
The invention relates to a method for preparing high-purity lithium carbonate by continuous carbonization and decomposition. The method comprises the following steps:
a. preparing materials: preparing 3-5% lithium carbonate crystal slurry by taking industrial lithium carbonate and pure water according to the mass ratio of 3: 97-5: 95.
b. And (3) continuous carbonization: pumping 3-5% industrial lithium carbonate crystal slurry into the top of a primary carbonization tower, sequentially passing through the primary carbonization tower, a secondary carbonization tower and a tertiary carbonization tower, and allowing a lithium bicarbonate solution to flow out from the bottom of the tertiary carbonization tower, wherein the pH value of the flowing solution is 8-9; and simultaneously blowing carbon dioxide from the bottom of the third-stage carbonization tower, controlling the pressure of the third-stage carbonization tower to be 0.5-0.7 MPa, sequentially passing through the second-stage carbonization tower and the first-stage carbonization tower, discharging from the top of the first-stage carbonization tower, compressing, recycling and reusing, controlling the pressure of the second-stage carbonization tower to be 0.3-0.5 MPa, and controlling the pressure of the first-stage carbonization tower to be 0.2-0.3 MPa.
c. And (3) filtering: and continuously filtering the solution from the third-stage carbonization tower, wherein the aperture D50 of the filtered filter cloth is 5-10 mu m.
d. Continuous thermal decomposition: the filtered lithium bicarbonate solution is preheated by a tube type heat exchanger and then sequentially passes through a first filter
Thermally decomposing the secondary thermal decomposition kettle and the secondary thermal decomposition kettle to obtain lithium carbonate crystal slurry; the outlet temperature of the tubular heat exchanger is 95-97 ℃, the temperature of the primary thermal decomposition kettle is 93-95 ℃, and the temperature of the secondary thermal decomposition kettle is 100-105 ℃. The granularity D of the obtained crystal slurry lithium carbonate wet material1010μm-20μm,D5040μm-60μm,D9080μm-100μm。
e. Thickening: and thickening the lithium carbonate crystal slurry obtained by the decomposition of the secondary thermal decomposition kettle by a thickener until the concentration of the lithium carbonate crystal slurry is 30-50%.
f. Centrifugal separation: and (3) centrifugally dewatering 30-50% of lithium carbonate crystal slurry through a lower discharging centrifugal machine to obtain a lithium carbonate wet material with the water content of 5-10%.
g. And (3) drying: and drying the lithium carbonate wet material by a continuous disc dryer at 130-160 ℃ to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate finished product.
The specific principle is as follows: the industrial-grade lithium carbonate is used as a raw material, and the continuous carbonization and continuous thermal decomposition processes are adopted, so that the continuous preparation of the high-purity lithium carbonate is realized, the productivity is improved by more than 30% compared with the conventional batch reaction, and the energy consumption is reduced by more than 15%. The mother liquor and the carbon dioxide are recycled, the recovery rate of the mother liquor reaches 100%, the recovery rate of the carbon dioxide reaches over 90%, resources are recycled, and energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved. The whole reaction system consists of a carbonization tower, a transfer tank, a tubular heat exchanger, a two-stage thermal decomposition kettle, a continuous solid-liquid separator and a continuous dryer, and continuous feeding carbonization and continuous pyrolysis of products can be realized through the device, so that continuous preparation of high-purity lithium carbonate is realized, and the prepared high-purity lithium carbonate has the granularity D1010μm-20μm,D5040μm-60μm,D9080-100 μm, uniform particle size distribution, main content of more than or equal to 99.99%, and loss on ignition at 500 ℃ of less than or equal to 0.1%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention recovers the carbon dioxide generated by thermal decomposition, reduces the production cost and protects the atmospheric environment; (2) the multistage carbonization tower is adopted for carbonization, so that the gas-liquid mass transfer area is large, and the carbonization efficiency is high; (3) the thermal decomposition adopts two-stage thermal decomposition kettle operation, and the steam consumption is low; (4) the process flow of the invention has high automation degree, and reduces the labor cost while ensuring the production capacity; (5) the high-purity lithium carbonate product produced by the invention has very low water content at 500 ℃.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The reaction system of the method for preparing the high-purity lithium carbonate by the continuous carbonization decomposition comprises a batcher, a carbonization tower, a transfer tank, a tubular heat exchanger, a two-stage thermal decomposition kettle, a continuous solid-liquid separator and a continuous dryer. According to the structure, the invention is processed and produced, and the specific embodiment is as follows.
Example 1:
a. preparing materials: preparing 3% lithium carbonate crystal slurry by taking industrial lithium carbonate and pure water according to the mass ratio of 3: 97.
b. And (3) continuous carbonization: pumping 3% industrial lithium carbonate crystal slurry into the top of a primary carbonization tower, sequentially passing through the primary carbonization tower, a secondary carbonization tower and a tertiary carbonization tower, and allowing a lithium bicarbonate solution to flow out from the bottom of the tertiary carbonization tower, wherein the pH value of the flowing solution is 8; and simultaneously blowing carbon dioxide from the bottom of the third-stage carbonization tower, controlling the pressure of the third-stage carbonization tower to be 0.7MPa, sequentially passing through the second-stage carbonization tower and the first-stage carbonization tower, discharging from the top of the first-stage carbonization tower, compressing, recovering and recycling, controlling the pressure of the second-stage carbonization tower to be 0.3MPa, and controlling the pressure of the first-stage carbonization tower to be 0.2 MPa.
c. And (3) filtering: the solution from the third carbonization tower was continuously filtered, and the pore size D50 of the filter cloth was 10 μm.
d. Continuous thermal decomposition: preheating the filtered lithium bicarbonate solution in the step c by a tubular heat exchanger, and then sequentially carrying out thermal decomposition by a primary thermal decomposition kettle and a secondary thermal decomposition kettle to obtain lithium carbonate crystal slurry; the outlet temperature of the tube type heat exchanger is 95 ℃, the temperature of the first-stage thermal decomposition kettle is 95 ℃, and the temperature of the second-stage thermal decomposition kettle is 105 ℃. The granularity D of the obtained crystal slurry lithium carbonate wet material1013.22μm,D5041.63μm,D9087.86μm。
e. Thickening: pumping the lithium carbonate crystal slurry obtained by decomposing the secondary thermal decomposition kettle into a thickener for thickening until the concentration of the lithium carbonate crystal slurry is 35%.
f. Centrifugal separation: and e, centrifugally dewatering the lithium carbonate crystal slurry obtained in the step e through a lower discharging centrifugal machine to obtain a lithium carbonate wet material with the water content of 8%.
g. And (3) drying: and f, drying the lithium carbonate wet material obtained in the step f by a continuous disc dryer at 140 ℃ to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate finished product. The loss on ignition at 500 ℃ of the high-purity lithium carbonate product is 0.086%.
Example 2:
a. preparing materials: preparing 5% lithium carbonate crystal slurry by taking industrial lithium carbonate and pure water according to the mass ratio of 5: 95.
b. And (3) continuous carbonization: pumping 5% industrial lithium carbonate crystal slurry into the top of a primary carbonization tower, sequentially passing through the primary carbonization tower, a secondary carbonization tower and a tertiary carbonization tower, and allowing a lithium bicarbonate solution to flow out from the bottom of the tertiary carbonization tower, wherein the pH value of the flowing solution is 9; and simultaneously blowing carbon dioxide from the bottom of the third-stage carbonization tower, controlling the pressure of the third-stage carbonization tower to be 0.65MPa, sequentially passing through the second-stage carbonization tower and the first-stage carbonization tower, discharging from the top of the first-stage carbonization tower, compressing, recovering and recycling, controlling the pressure of the second-stage carbonization tower to be 0.4MPa, and controlling the pressure of the first-stage carbonization tower to be 0.25 MPa.
c. And (3) filtering: the solution from the third carbonization tower was continuously filtered, and the pore size D50 of the filter cloth was 5 μm.
d. Continuous thermal decomposition: preheating the filtered lithium bicarbonate solution in the step c by a tubular heat exchanger, and then sequentially carrying out thermal decomposition by a primary thermal decomposition kettle and a secondary thermal decomposition kettle to obtain lithium carbonate crystal slurry; the outlet temperature of the tubular heat exchanger is 96 ℃, the temperature of the first-stage thermal decomposition kettle is 94 ℃, and the temperature of the second-stage thermal decomposition kettle is 105 ℃. The granularity D of the obtained crystal slurry lithium carbonate wet material1015.12μm,D5045.43μm,D9096.86μm。
e. Thickening: pumping the lithium carbonate crystal slurry obtained by decomposing the secondary thermal decomposition kettle into a thickener for thickening until the concentration of the lithium carbonate crystal slurry is 45%.
f. Centrifugal separation: and e, centrifugally dewatering the lithium carbonate crystal slurry obtained in the step e through a lower discharging centrifugal machine to obtain a lithium carbonate wet material with the water content of 10%.
g. And (3) drying: and f, drying the lithium carbonate wet material obtained in the step f by using a continuous disc dryer at 145 ℃ to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate finished product. The loss on ignition at 500 ℃ of the high-purity lithium carbonate product is 0.053%.
Example 3:
a. preparing materials: preparing 4% lithium carbonate crystal slurry by taking industrial lithium carbonate and pure water according to the mass ratio of 4: 96.
b. And (3) continuous carbonization: pumping 4% industrial lithium carbonate crystal slurry into the top of a primary carbonization tower, sequentially passing through the primary carbonization tower, a secondary carbonization tower and a tertiary carbonization tower, and allowing a lithium bicarbonate solution to flow out from the bottom of the tertiary carbonization tower, wherein the pH value of the flowing solution is 8.5; and simultaneously blowing carbon dioxide from the bottom of the third-stage carbonization tower, controlling the pressure of the third-stage carbonization tower to be 0.7MPa, sequentially passing through the second-stage carbonization tower and the first-stage carbonization tower, discharging from the top of the first-stage carbonization tower, compressing, recovering and recycling, controlling the pressure of the second-stage carbonization tower to be 0.5MPa, and controlling the pressure of the first-stage carbonization tower to be 0.3 MPa.
c. And (3) filtering: the solution from the third carbonization tower was continuously filtered, and the pore size D50 of the filter cloth was 8 μm.
d. Continuous thermal decomposition: preheating the filtered lithium bicarbonate solution in the step c by a tubular heat exchanger, and then sequentially carrying out thermal decomposition by a primary thermal decomposition kettle and a secondary thermal decomposition kettle to obtain lithium carbonate crystal slurry; the outlet temperature of the tubular heat exchanger is 97 ℃, the temperature of the first-stage thermal decomposition kettle is 95 ℃, and the temperature of the second-stage thermal decomposition kettle is 104 ℃. The granularity D of the obtained crystal slurry lithium carbonate wet material1014.66μm,D5040.45μm,D9096.78μm。
e. Thickening: pumping the lithium carbonate crystal slurry obtained by the decomposition of the secondary thermal decomposition kettle into a thickener for thickening until the concentration of the lithium carbonate crystal slurry is 50%.
f. Centrifugal separation: and e, centrifugally dewatering the lithium carbonate crystal slurry obtained in the step e through a lower discharging centrifugal machine to obtain a lithium carbonate wet material with the water content of 7%.
g. And (3) drying: and f, drying the lithium carbonate wet material obtained in the step f by a continuous disc dryer at 160 ℃ to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate finished product. The loss on ignition at 500 ℃ of the high-purity lithium carbonate product is 0.038%.
From the several embodiments described above, it can be analyzed that: compared with the high-purity lithium carbonate prepared by the traditional batch process, the continuous carbonization decomposition method has the advantages of more uniform granularity, larger and higher consistency of the particle size and less organic matters carried, so the ignition loss at 500 ℃ is lower and is lower than 0.1 percent.

Claims (4)

1. The method for preparing the high-purity lithium carbonate by continuous carbonization decomposition is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. preparing materials: preparing 3-5% of lithium carbonate crystal slurry by taking industrial lithium carbonate and pure water according to the mass ratio of 3: 97-5: 95;
b. and (3) continuous carbonization: pumping 3% -5% of the industrial lithium carbonate crystal slurry obtained in the step a into a multistage carbonization tower for carbonization treatment;
c. and (3) filtering: c, continuously filtering the solution obtained after carbonization in the carbonization tower in the step b, wherein the aperture D50 of the filtered filter cloth is 5-10 mu m;
d. continuous thermal decomposition: preheating the filtered lithium bicarbonate solution by a tubular heat exchanger, and then sequentially carrying out thermal decomposition by a primary thermal decomposition kettle and a secondary thermal decomposition kettle to obtain lithium carbonate crystal slurry;
e. thickening: thickening the lithium carbonate crystal slurry obtained by the secondary thermal decomposition kettle through a thickener until the concentration of the lithium carbonate crystal slurry is 30-50%;
f. centrifugal separation: centrifuging and dehydrating 30-50% of lithium carbonate crystal slurry by using a discharging centrifuge to obtain a lithium carbonate wet material with the water content of 5-10%;
g. and (3) drying: and drying the lithium carbonate wet material by a continuous disc dryer at 130-160 ℃ to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate finished product.
2. The method for preparing high-purity lithium carbonate by continuous carbonization decomposition according to claim 1, wherein: the multistage carbonization tower is of three stages, wherein 3% -5% of industrial lithium carbonate crystal slurry is pumped into the top of the primary carbonization tower, sequentially passes through the primary carbonization tower, the secondary carbonization tower and the tertiary carbonization tower, flows out from the bottom of the tertiary carbonization tower as a lithium bicarbonate solution, and the pH value of the flowing solution is 8-9; carbon dioxide is simultaneously blown in from the bottom of the three-stage carbonization tower.
3. The method for preparing high-purity lithium carbonate by continuous carbonization decomposition according to claim 2, wherein: the pressure of the three-stage carbonization tower is controlled to be 0.5 MPa-0.7 MPa, the carbonized material sequentially passes through a second-stage carbonization tower and a first-stage carbonization tower, is discharged from the top of the first-stage carbonization tower and is compressed, recycled and reused, the pressure of the second-stage carbonization tower is controlled to be 0.3 MPa-0.5 MPa, and the pressure of the first-stage carbonization tower is controlled to be 0.2 MPa-0.3 MPa.
4. The method for preparing high-purity lithium carbonate by continuous carbonization and decomposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the step of continuously carbonizing the lithium carbonate
In the following steps: the outlet temperature of the tubular heat exchanger is 95-97 ℃, the temperature of the primary thermal decomposition kettle is 93-95 ℃, the temperature of the secondary thermal decomposition kettle is 100-105 ℃, and the granularity D of the obtained wet crystal slurry lithium carbonate material is obtained10∶10μm -20μm,D50∶40μm-60μm,D90∶80μm-100μm。
CN202010102190.3A 2020-02-19 2020-02-19 Method for preparing high-purity lithium carbonate through continuous carbonization and decomposition Pending CN111439761A (en)

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CN112299455A (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-02-02 萍乡市拓源实业有限公司 Method for directly preparing industrial grade or battery grade lithium carbonate by using crude lithium carbonate
CN113387376A (en) * 2021-06-28 2021-09-14 四川能投鼎盛锂业有限公司 Process for producing battery-grade lithium carbonate by efficiently and quickly precipitating lithium
CN115893454A (en) * 2022-11-01 2023-04-04 甘肃睿思科新材料有限公司 Method for efficiently producing ultrapure lithium carbonate with uniform and stable particle size

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CN112299455A (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-02-02 萍乡市拓源实业有限公司 Method for directly preparing industrial grade or battery grade lithium carbonate by using crude lithium carbonate
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CN115893454A (en) * 2022-11-01 2023-04-04 甘肃睿思科新材料有限公司 Method for efficiently producing ultrapure lithium carbonate with uniform and stable particle size

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Application publication date: 20200724