CN111435194B - Method for regulating and controlling three-dimensional space structure of light field - Google Patents

Method for regulating and controlling three-dimensional space structure of light field Download PDF

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CN111435194B
CN111435194B CN201910036273.4A CN201910036273A CN111435194B CN 111435194 B CN111435194 B CN 111435194B CN 201910036273 A CN201910036273 A CN 201910036273A CN 111435194 B CN111435194 B CN 111435194B
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朱时军
田聪
李振华
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling a three-dimensional space structure of a light field, which leads the light beam to be focused for many times in the transmission process along an optical axis by regulating and controlling the correlation structure of the light beam on an initial source plane, and leads the transverse position of a focus relative to a transmission shaft to be controlled arbitrarily, thus forming the light field with arbitrary three-dimensional intensity distribution in a space area near the transmission shaft. According to the invention, by regulating and controlling the coherence parameters, the horizontal and longitudinal widths of a single light spot can be respectively controlled, and an arbitrary three-dimensional continuous light intensity structure and an arbitrary three-dimensional lattice light intensity structure are formed.

Description

Method for regulating and controlling three-dimensional space structure of light field
Technical Field
The invention relates to a light field regulation and control technology, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling a three-dimensional space structure of a light field.
Background
The concept of coherence is an important basis of modern optics, and the spatial coherence of a light beam determines to a large extent the propagation behavior of the light beam in space. Based on this, by selecting an appropriate correlation structure of the source plane, we can obtain a predetermined light field intensity distribution of the target plane. Among other things, non-uniformly correlated beams have attracted particular attention due to their intensity maxima lateral displacement and self-focusing properties [ D.Wu, F.Wang, Y.Cai, High-order non-ideal correlated beams ] [ J ]. Optics and Laser Technology,2018,99: 230-.
The method for arbitrarily regulating and controlling the light field space structure has potential application value in the fields of optical micro-manipulation, optical imaging, photoetching, optical data storage and optical communication. However, most of the past optical field spatial structure regulation schemes focus on the transverse one-dimensional or two-dimensional situation, and the existing method for generating the three-dimensional structure optical field distribution by using phase modulation also depends on a complex cyclic algorithm, so that the accurate three-dimensional optical field intensity distribution cannot be immediately generated, and how to accurately regulate the three-dimensional spatial structure of the optical field is always a challenge.
In recent years, three-dimensional optical gratings have attracted much attention as a special type of three-dimensional structured light. The three-dimensional structured light has potential application value in the fields of ultra-cold atoms, micro-fluid screening, optical tweezers, three-dimensional photoetching, optical data storage, optical communication, biology and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for regulating a three-dimensional space structure of a light field, which is used for accurately regulating and controlling the position of a single light spot in a three-dimensional optical dot matrix and preliminarily regulating and controlling the size of the single light spot.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a method for regulating and controlling a three-dimensional space structure of a light field utilizes the characteristics of self-focusing and transverse displacement of the maximum intensity value associated with high-order non-uniformity to generate arbitrary three-dimensional intensity distribution near a transmission shaft in the transmission process;
first of all, generating a field having an associated property at the source field
Figure BDA0001946030100000011
A light beam of an associated structure, the light beam having the associated characteristic being self-focusable in a free transmission process, and the lateral position of the focal point with respect to the transmission axis being arbitrarily steerable; wherein r is1＝(x1,y1)，r2＝(x2,y2) Representing the position vectors, σ, of two points on the source plane1And delta1Representing a quantity determining the degree of coherence, k being the number of beams, vn、vm、vlIs the multiple gaussian offset position in the weighting function, N, M, L is the number of gaussian functions.
After the light beam with the correlation characteristic is generated, the light beam can be directly transmitted through free space to generate any three-dimensional light field intensity distribution; v. ofnThe value of (a) controls the longitudinal position of the lattice spot during transmission, vmAnd vlThe value of (2) controls the transverse position of the lattice light spot in the transmission process; n, M, L controlling the number of lattices; delta1Controlling the longitudinal width of the light spot of each point; sigma1Controlling the transverse width of the light spot of each point; when delta1And σ1The value is reduced, the longitudinal and transverse widths of the light spots of a single point are increased, so that the intensities of the light spots of different positions are connected to form an arbitrary three-dimensional continuous light intensity structure; when delta1And σ1The value is increased, the longitudinal and transverse widths of the single lattice light spot are contracted, the light intensities of the light spots at different positions are mutually separated, and the light field forms an arbitrary three-dimensional lattice light intensity structure after transmission.
The relationship between the weight function Gaussian lattice offset position and the spatial position of the target light field lattice is as follows:
Figure BDA0001946030100000021
Figure BDA0001946030100000022
wherein z is0T is the initial position of the target lattice, the periodic interval, w0Is the light intensity width, p, of the source fieldx、ρyRespectively the target lattice lateral position.
The cross-spectral density expression of the modulated beam is as follows:
Figure BDA0001946030100000023
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention controls the coherence parameter sigma1And delta1The transverse and longitudinal width of the single light spot can be controlled separately, sigma1And delta1The larger the transverse and longitudinal width of the spot, σ1And delta1The smaller the spot width is; n, M, L and vn、vm、vlThe number and the position of the lattice faculae can be accurately controlled; by regulating sigma1、δ1And vn、vm、vlThe intensity distributions of the lattice light spots at different positions can be connected into continuous intensity distributions at different positions and sizes, or the intensity distributions of the lattice light spots at different positions can be separated from each other to form the intensity distributions at different positions and numbers; for the light beam with the original source plane being the Gaussian light intensity distribution of the scalar quantity, the light intensity distribution of the corresponding target optical lattice is solid; these two beams can manipulate two different particles in terms of beam manipulation of the particles: particles with a refractive index greater than the surrounding environment and particles with a refractive index less than the surrounding environment, and coherence can also manipulate the spot size at the focus.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional optical grid.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional light needle array.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical double helix.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling a three-dimensional space structure of a light field. Firstly, a weight function (probability density function) with a transverse Gaussian lattice is constructed, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0001946030100000031
wherein v ═ v (v)x，vy，vz) Representing random variables, q and b being real constants, and sigma1、δ1The following relationship q ═ k σ exists1/2，b＝kδ1 2/2。
The transmission kernel function expression is:
Figure BDA0001946030100000032
the partially coherent light field Cross Spectral Density (CSD) expression produced by the weights and the transmission kernel on the source plane is:
Figure BDA0001946030100000033
wherein r is1＝(x1,y1)，r2＝(x2,y2) Representing the position vectors of two points in the source plane, w0Representing the width of the light intensity, k being the number of beam waves, vm，vl，vnIs the offset position of the weight function, M, L, N is the number of gaussian functions.
The spatial position relationship between the weight matrix gaussian lattice offset position and the target light field lattice is:
Figure BDA0001946030100000041
Figure BDA0001946030100000042
wherein z is0T is the initial position and the periodic interval of the target lattice along the direction of the transmission axis, w0Is the light intensity width, p, of the source fieldx、ρyRespectively the target lattice lateral position.
The technical solution of the present invention is specifically described below.
Firstly, a plane beam emitted by a He-Ne laser passes through a linear polarizer to form a completely coherent linearly polarized light beam, the size of a light spot is controlled by a beam expander, then the beam is subjected to phase modulation by a spatial light modulator to obtain a required associated structure, and finally a Gaussian intensity distribution initial source field is obtained by a Gaussian filter;
the core of the invention is to give the initial beam correlation structure as:
Figure BDA0001946030100000043
and the correlation structure in the formula (1) is obtained by modulating the random phase of the light beam by the spatial light modulator, and the expression of the random phase modulation is as follows:
ψ(r,v)＝exp[ik(x·vx+y·vy+r2vz)] (2)
where v is (v)x，vy，vz) Representing random variables, the values of v being probabilistic, probabilistic
The expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0001946030100000044
wherein q and b are real constants, and the sum σ1、δ1The following relationship q ═ k σ exists1/2，b＝kδ1 2/2。
The correlation structure expression of the light beam is as follows through the phase modulation of the spatial light modulator by the formulas (2) and (3):
Figure BDA0001946030100000045
Figure BDA0001946030100000051
for an initial light beam with a Gaussian intensity distribution scalar, after obtaining a correlation structure in the formula (1) through phase modulation, directly obtaining the correlation structure through a Gaussian filter, wherein a CSD expression of the modulated light beam is as follows:
Figure BDA0001946030100000052
in summary, the overall process of generating the beam of formula (5) can be described by the following expression:
W(r1,r2)＝∫p(v)K*(r1,v)K(r2,v)dv (6)
wherein
Figure BDA0001946030100000053
The intensity distribution of the light beam described by the formula (5) after passing through an ABCD optical system is expressed as:
S(ρ,z)＝∫p(v)|G(ρ,v，z)|2dv (8)
wherein
Figure BDA0001946030100000054
Where ρ is (ρ)x，ρy) Is the position vector on the receiving surface.
When the optical system through which the initial light beam passes is free space, the intensity distribution of the light beam during transmission can be numerically calculated by equation (8).
The core of the invention is that a special correlation structure is given to the initial light beam through the spatial light modulator, the initial light beam with the correlation structure carries out self-focusing in the free space transmission process, and the three-dimensional space structure of the light beam near the transmission axis is accurately regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the related parameters in the correlation items to form any three-dimensional intensity distribution.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Examples
In this embodiment, the following parameters are taken: k 2 pi/λ, λ 632.8nm, w0＝2mm，z0＝19mm，T＝0.2mm，N＝7，M＝L＝2，
Figure BDA0001946030100000061
Figure BDA0001946030100000062
When delta is shown in FIG. 11When the light beam with the gaussian intensity distribution is transmitted, the three-dimensional lattice light field generated in the process of transmitting the light beam with the gaussian intensity distribution is observed to have 4 × 7 light spots along the transmission axis, and the position and the period are accurately controlled as expected; FIG. 2 is δ1When the light beam is 1mm, the three-dimensional lattice light field is generated in the transmission process of the light beam with Gaussian intensity distribution, a plurality of lattice light spots are connected together to form a light needle array, and the length of a light needle is accurately controlled; fig. 3 is an intensity distribution of simultaneously manipulating each light spot of a three-dimensional lattice light field to form a double-spiral structure.

Claims (4)

1. A method for regulating and controlling a three-dimensional space structure of a light field is characterized in that arbitrary three-dimensional intensity distribution is generated near a transmission shaft in the transmission process by utilizing the characteristics of self-focusing and transverse displacement of the maximum intensity value associated with high-order non-uniformity;
first of all, generating a field having an associated property at the source field
Figure FDA0003497900300000011
A light beam of an associated structure, the light beam having the associated characteristic being self-focusable in a free transmission process, and the lateral position of the focal point with respect to the transmission axis being arbitrarily steerable; wherein r is1＝(x1,y1)，r2＝(x2,y2) Representing the position vectors, σ, of two points on the source plane1And delta1Representing a quantity determining the degree of coherence, k being the number of beams, vn、vm、vlIs the multiple gaussian offset position in the weighting function, N, M, L is the number of gaussian functions.
2. The method for manipulating the three-dimensional spatial structure of a light field according to claim 1, wherein the light beam having the correlation property is generated and then directly passes throughFree space transmission generates arbitrary three-dimensional light field intensity distribution; v. ofnThe value of (a) controls the longitudinal position of the lattice spot during transmission, vmAnd vlThe value of (2) controls the transverse position of the lattice light spot in the transmission process; n, M, L controlling the number of lattices; delta1Controlling the longitudinal width of the light spot of each point; sigma1Controlling the transverse width of the light spot of each point; when delta1And σ1The value is reduced, the longitudinal and transverse widths of the light spots of a single point are increased, so that the intensities of the light spots of different positions are connected to form an arbitrary three-dimensional continuous light intensity structure; when delta1And σ1The value is increased, the longitudinal and transverse widths of the single lattice light spot are contracted, the light intensities of the light spots at different positions are mutually separated, and the light field forms an arbitrary three-dimensional lattice light intensity structure after transmission.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the three-dimensional spatial structure of the light field according to claim 2, wherein the relationship between the offset position of the weight function gaussian lattice and the spatial position of the target light field lattice is as follows:
Figure FDA0003497900300000012
Figure FDA0003497900300000013
wherein z is0T is the initial position of the target lattice, the periodic interval, w0Is the light intensity width, p, of the source fieldx、ρyRespectively the target lattice lateral position.
4. A method for manipulating a three-dimensional spatial structure of a light field according to claim 3, wherein the cross-spectral density expression of the modulated light beam is:
Figure FDA0003497900300000021
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