CN111435174A - Seismic data amplitude compensation method and device in strong reflection area - Google Patents
Seismic data amplitude compensation method and device in strong reflection area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for compensating seismic data amplitude in a strong reflection area, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data of a strong reflection area, and dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection area into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window; determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels; determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels; determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient; and compensating the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation in the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient. The invention effectively compensates for amplitude attenuation due to the shielding effect of the strongly reflecting strata.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, in particular to a method and a device for compensating seismic data amplitude in a strong reflection area.
Background
Amplitude compensation is a key processing link in the seismic data processing process, and aims to compensate time direction amplitude attenuation caused by geometric diffusion and stratum absorption in the seismic wave propagation process and space direction amplitude difference caused by near-surface structure difference, so that the finally processed result data amplitude characteristics can reflect underground real physical parameters, and a foundation is laid for searching underground favorable oil and gas reservoirs. At present, the existing seismic data amplitude compensation method firstly adopts a geometric diffusion amplitude compensation method to perform amplitude compensation on seismic data in a time direction, and then adopts a ground surface consistency amplitude compensation method to perform amplitude compensation on the seismic data in a space direction. In general, the amplitude compensation is carried out on the seismic data by the method, so that the problems of time direction amplitude attenuation and space direction amplitude inconsistency can be solved well, and the amplitude attribute of the result data can truly reflect underground real physical parameters.
However, in a strong reflection area including a strong reflection stratum in an underground reservoir, because the thickness and lithology of the strong reflection stratum in space are changed violently, when seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum, the strong reflection stratum can generate shielding effects on the seismic waves in different degrees in space, so that in seismic data in the strong reflection area, except for time direction amplitude attenuation caused by geometric diffusion and stratum absorption and space direction amplitude difference caused by near-surface structure difference, space non-uniform amplitude attenuation caused by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum also exists. The amplitude attenuated due to the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum cannot be compensated only by adopting the existing seismic data amplitude compensation method, so that errors can occur when predicting the Ordovician carbonate rock fracture-cave reservoir bed under the strong reflection stratum, and the oil-gas exploration is not benefited.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an amplitude compensation method for seismic data in a strong reflection area, which is used for compensating the amplitude attenuated due to the shielding effect of a strong reflection stratum in the seismic data in the strong reflection area and improving the accuracy of prediction of an Ordovician carbonate rock fracture-cave reservoir bed underlying the strong reflection stratum, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring seismic data of a strong reflection region, and dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection region into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window are seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum overlying stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum lower time window;
determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient;
and compensating the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation in the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient.
The embodiment of the invention provides an amplitude compensation device for seismic data in a strong reflection area, which is used for compensating the amplitude attenuated due to the shielding effect of a strong reflection stratum in the seismic data in the strong reflection area and improving the accuracy of prediction of an Ordovician carbonate rock fracture-cave reservoir bed under the strong reflection stratum, and comprises the following components:
the time window dividing module is used for acquiring seismic data of a strong reflection region and dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection region into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window are seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum overburden stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum underburden;
the upper time window module is used for determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
the lower time window module is used for determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the lower time window of the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the lower time window of the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
the compensation factor module is used for determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient;
and the amplitude compensation module is used for compensating the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation in the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient.
Compared with the scheme of amplitude compensation of seismic data by a geometric diffusion amplitude compensation method and a ground surface consistency amplitude compensation method in the prior art, the method comprises the steps of obtaining seismic data of a strong reflection region, dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection region into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window according to the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window, the time window length and the number of seismic traces, determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window according to the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window, the time window length and the number of seismic traces, determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data of the strong reflection stratum lower time window according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient, and finally, compensating the amplitude attenuated by the seismic data in the strong reflection region according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient, effectively compensating the amplitude attenuated by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum, and improving the accuracy of predicting the Ordovician carbonate rock fracture-cave reservoir bed under the strong reflection stratum.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for compensating amplitude of seismic data in a strong reflection area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the time window division of seismic data in a strong reflection area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of amplitude curves of seismic data in a strong reflection area during amplitude compensation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the result of amplitude compensation using the amplitude compensation method for seismic data in a strong reflection area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a structure of an amplitude compensation device for seismic data in a strong reflection area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
In order to compensate the amplitude attenuated by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum in the seismic data of the strong reflection area and improve the accuracy of prediction of the seam hole reservoir of the Ordovician carbonate rock underlying the strong reflection stratum, an embodiment of the invention provides a method for compensating the amplitude of the seismic data of the strong reflection area, which can include the following steps as shown in FIG. 1:
101, acquiring seismic data of a strong reflection region, and dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection region into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window are seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum overburden stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum lower strata;
102, determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of seismic data in a time window on a strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
103, determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
104, determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient;
and 105, compensating the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation in the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient.
As shown in FIG. 1, the embodiment of the invention can be known to effectively compensate the amplitude attenuated by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum by acquiring the seismic data of the strong reflection stratum, dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection stratum into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window according to the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window, the time window length and the number of seismic traces, determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window according to the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window, the time window length and the number of seismic traces, determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data of the strong reflection stratum lower time window according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient, and finally compensating the attenuated amplitude of the seismic data of the strong reflection stratum according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient, the accuracy of predicting the Ordovician carbonate fracture-cave reservoir bed under the strong reflection stratum is improved.
In specific implementation, seismic data of a strong reflection region are obtained, and the seismic data of the strong reflection region are divided into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window are seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum overburden stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum underburden.
The inventor finds that in the strong reflection area, the thickness and lithology of the strong reflection stratum in the space are changed violently, and when seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum, the strong reflection stratum can generate shielding effects on the seismic waves in different degrees in the space, so that in the seismic data in the strong reflection area, besides time direction amplitude attenuation caused by geometric diffusion and stratum absorption and space direction amplitude difference caused by near-surface structure difference, space non-uniform amplitude attenuation caused by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum exists. The amplitude attenuated due to the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum cannot be compensated only by adopting the existing seismic data amplitude compensation method, so that errors can occur when predicting the Ordovician carbonate rock fracture-cave reservoir bed under the strong reflection stratum, and the oil-gas exploration is not benefited. The strong reflection area seismic data amplitude compensation method provided by the embodiment of the invention divides the strong reflection area seismic data into the strong reflection stratum time window, the strong reflection stratum upper time window and the strong reflection stratum lower time window, and calculates the amplitude compensation coefficient of the strong reflection area seismic data through the seismic data of the strong reflection stratum upper time window and the strong reflection stratum lower time window, thereby compensating the amplitude attenuated due to the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum in the strong reflection area seismic data and improving the prediction accuracy of the strong reflection stratum underlying Ordovician carbonate rock seam hole reservoir.
In the embodiment, firstly, seismic data of a strong reflection region are obtained, and then the seismic data of the strong reflection region are divided into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window are seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum overlying stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum lower layer. It should be noted that the time window division must be fine, and the time window on the strong reflection stratum and the time window under the strong reflection stratum cannot contain the strong reflection stratum but contain all the strata above and below the strong reflection stratum as much as possible.
During specific implementation, a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum is determined according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels.
In one embodiment, a first arithmetic mean of amplitudes of seismic data in a time window in a strongly reflecting formation is first determined based on the seismic data in the time window in the strongly reflecting formation and a length of the time window. Determining an arithmetic mean of the first amplitudes of the seismic data over the time window in the strongly reflecting formation according to the following equation:
wherein i is the seismic channel serial number, j is the various point serial number in each seismic channel, XijIs the value of the ith sampling point in the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, AiIs an arithmetic mean of a first amplitude of seismic data in a time window over a strongly reflecting formation, N1Is the length of the time window in the time window on the strong reflection stratum.
In the embodiment, after the first amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum is determined, the second amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum is determined according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic traces. Determining a second arithmetic mean amplitude of the seismic data over the time window in the strongly reflecting formation according to the following formula:
wherein i is the seismic channel serial number, j is the various point serial number in each seismic channel, XijIs the value of the ith sampling point, N, in the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum1The length of the time window in the time window on the strong reflection stratum is shown, M is the number of seismic traces, and A is the second amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum.
In an embodiment, after determining the second amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, determining the first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the first amplitude arithmetic mean value and the second amplitude arithmetic mean value. Determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the following formula:
wherein i is the seismic trace serial number, OP1iIs the first amplitude compensation coefficient of the ith seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratumiIs the first amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, and A is the second amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum.
In specific implementation, a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is determined according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels.
In one embodiment, the third arithmetic mean amplitude of the seismic data in the time window in the strongly reflecting formation is determined based on the seismic data in the time window in the strongly reflecting formation and the length of the time window. Determining a third amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the following formula:
wherein i is the seismic channel serial number, j is the various point serial number in each seismic channel, XijIs the value of the ith sampling point in the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, BiIs the third amplitude arithmetic mean, N, of the seismic data in the time window under the strongly reflecting formation2The length of the time window in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is shown, and N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel.
In the embodiment, after the third amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is determined, the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is determined according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic traces. Determining a fourth arithmetic mean of amplitudes of the seismic data in the time window under the strongly reflecting formation according to the following formula:
wherein i is the seismic channel serial number, j is the various point serial number in each seismic channel, XijIs the value of the ith sampling point, N, in the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum2The length of a time window in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is shown, N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel, M is the number of seismic channels, and B is the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum.
In an embodiment, after determining the fourth arithmetic mean value of the amplitude of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, the second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is determined according to the third arithmetic mean value of the amplitude and the fourth arithmetic mean value of the amplitude. Determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the following formula:
wherein i is the seismic trace serial number, OP2iA second amplitude compensation coefficient for the ith seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, BiIs the third amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, and B is the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum.
In specific implementation, a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area is determined according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient.
In the embodiment, the third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area is determined according to the following formula:
wherein i is the seismic trace serial number, j is the variety point serial number in each seismic trace, OP3ijA third amplitude compensation coefficient for the j-th sampling point of the ith trace in the seismic data of the strong reflection region, OP1iA first amplitude compensation coefficient for the ith trace of seismic data in a time window on a highly reflective earth formation, OP2iAnd the second amplitude compensation coefficient is the second amplitude compensation coefficient of the ith channel of seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, and N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel.
And in specific implementation, the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation in the strong reflection area is compensated according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient.
In an embodiment, the third amplitude compensation coefficient is an amplitude compensation factor, and the seismic data in the strong reflection area is first dynamically corrected to obtain a dynamically corrected Common Midpoint (CMP) gather, and then the third amplitude compensation factor is multiplied by the amplitude of the dynamically corrected CMP gather, so as to compensate for the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation in the strong reflection area.
An embodiment is given below to illustrate a specific application of the seismic data amplitude compensation method in the strong reflection area in the embodiment of the present invention. Based on the original amplitude compensation technology processing, dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection area into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window on the post-stack data, wherein the dividing method is shown in figure 2, then calculating the amplitude arithmetic mean value of each channel in the seismic data of the strong reflection area, and the calculated arithmetic mean value curve of the amplitudes of 25 channels at intervals is shown as A in figure 3, wherein the unit is decibel, so that the seismic data amplitude of the time window under the strong reflection stratum can be obviously shielded, the amplitude arithmetic mean value curve of partial channels of the seismic data of the time window under the strong reflection stratum is weakened to different degrees, and the whole curve has a divergence phenomenon. And calculating the amplitude arithmetic mean value of all the traces in the seismic data of the strong reflection region, representing the amplitude attenuation rule of the whole data, and using the amplitude attenuation rule for expected output, wherein the calculation result is shown as B in figure 3. And calculating an amplitude compensation factor of the seismic data in the strong reflection region according to the calculated amplitude arithmetic mean value of each trace in the seismic data in the strong reflection region and the calculated amplitude arithmetic mean values of all traces, as shown by C in figure 3. And finally, performing product by using the calculated amplitude compensation factor and the dynamically corrected CMP gather processed by the original compensation technology, namely completing the amplitude compensation based on the strong reflection stratum, wherein the result is shown as D in figure 3, and the comparison between A in figure 3 and D in figure 3 shows that the amplitude arithmetic mean curve of the time window part of the trace under the strong reflection stratum is well compensated, and the overall curve becomes more concentrated. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the result of amplitude compensation by using the amplitude compensation method for seismic data in a strong reflection area, where A in FIG. 4 is an offset section before amplitude compensation for seismic data in a strong reflection area, and B in FIG. 4 is an offset section after amplitude compensation for seismic data in a strong reflection area.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a strong reflection area seismic data amplitude compensation device, as described in the following embodiments. Because the principles of solving the problems are similar to the method for compensating the amplitude of the seismic data in the strong reflection area, the implementation of the device can be referred to the implementation of the method, and repeated details are not repeated.
Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of an amplitude compensation apparatus for seismic data in a strong reflection area according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the apparatus includes:
the time window dividing module 501 is configured to obtain seismic data of a strong reflection area, and divide the seismic data of the strong reflection area into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window, and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, where the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window is seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window is seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum overburden stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window is seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum lower strata;
an upper time window module 502, configured to determine a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window, and the number of seismic traces;
the lower time window module 503 is configured to determine a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the lower time window of the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the lower time window of the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window, and the number of seismic traces;
a compensation factor module 504, configured to determine a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection region according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient;
and the amplitude compensation module 505 is configured to compensate the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation in the strong reflection region according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient.
In one embodiment, the window up module 502 is further configured to:
determining a first amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum and the length of the time window;
determining a second amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
and determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the first amplitude arithmetic mean value and the second amplitude arithmetic mean value.
In one embodiment, the lower window module 503 is further configured to:
determining a third amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum and the length of the time window;
determining a fourth amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
and determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the third amplitude arithmetic mean value and the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean value.
In one embodiment, the compensation factor module 504 is further configured to determine a third amplitude compensation factor for the seismic data in the strong reflection region according to the following equation:
wherein i is the seismic trace serial number, j is the variety point serial number in each seismic trace, OP3ijA third amplitude compensation coefficient for the j-th sampling point of the ith trace in the seismic data of the strong reflection region, OP1iA first amplitude compensation coefficient for the ith trace of seismic data in a time window on a highly reflective earth formation, OP2iAnd the second amplitude compensation coefficient is the second amplitude compensation coefficient of the ith channel of seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, and N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel.
In one embodiment, the third amplitude compensation factor is an amplitude compensation factor.
To sum up, the embodiment of the invention obtains the seismic data of the strong reflection area, divides the seismic data of the strong reflection area into the time window of the strong reflection stratum, the time window of the strong reflection stratum and the time window of the strong reflection stratum, determines the first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window of the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the length of the time window and the number of seismic traces in the time window of the strong reflection stratum, determines the second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window of the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the length of the time window and the number of seismic traces in the time window of the strong reflection stratum, determines the third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data of the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient, and finally compensates the attenuated amplitude of the seismic data of the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient, thereby effectively compensating the attenuated amplitude caused by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum, the accuracy of predicting the Ordovician carbonate fracture-cave reservoir bed under the strong reflection stratum is improved. According to the embodiment of the invention, the seismic data of the strong reflection area are divided into the strong reflection stratum time window, the upper strong reflection stratum time window and the lower strong reflection stratum time window, and the amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data of the strong reflection area is obtained by calculating according to the seismic data of the upper strong reflection stratum time window and the lower strong reflection stratum time window, so that the amplitude attenuated due to the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum in the seismic data of the strong reflection area is effectively compensated, and the accuracy of prediction of the underlying Ordovician carbonate rock fracture-cave reservoir of the strong reflection stratum is improved.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. A strong reflection area seismic data amplitude compensation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring seismic data of a strong reflection region, and dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection region into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window are seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum overlying stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum lower time window;
determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient;
and compensating the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation in the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first amplitude compensation factor for the seismic data in the time window in the strongly reflecting formation based on the seismic data in the time window in the strongly reflecting formation, the length of the time window, and the number of seismic traces comprises:
determining a first amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum and the length of the time window;
determining a second amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
and determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the first amplitude arithmetic mean value and the second amplitude arithmetic mean value.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first arithmetic mean of amplitudes of the seismic data over the time window in the strongly reflecting earth formation is determined as follows:
wherein i is the seismic channel serial number, j is the various point serial number in each seismic channel, XijIs the value of the ith sampling point in the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, AiIs an arithmetic mean of a first amplitude of seismic data in a time window over a strongly reflecting formation, N1Is the length of the time window in the time window on the strong reflection stratum.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the second arithmetic mean of the amplitudes of the seismic data over the time window in the strongly reflecting earth formation is determined as follows:
wherein i is the seismic channel serial number, j is the various point serial number in each seismic channel, XijIs the value of the ith sampling point, N, in the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum1The length of the time window in the time window on the strong reflection stratum is shown, M is the number of seismic traces, and A is the second amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the first amplitude compensation factor for the seismic data over the time window in the strongly reflecting earth formation is determined as follows:
wherein i is the seismic trace serial number, OP1iFor the ith seismic trace in the time window on the strongly reflecting groundFirst amplitude compensation coefficient of data, AiIs the first amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, and A is the second amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the second amplitude compensation factor for the seismic data in the time window in the strongly reflecting formation based on the seismic data in the time window in the strongly reflecting formation, the length of the time window, and the number of seismic traces comprises:
determining a third amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum and the length of the time window;
determining a fourth amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
and determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the third amplitude arithmetic mean value and the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean value.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the third arithmetic mean of amplitudes of the seismic data in the time window under the strongly reflecting formation is determined as follows:
wherein i is the seismic channel serial number, j is the various point serial number in each seismic channel, XijIs the value of the ith sampling point in the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, BiIs the third amplitude arithmetic mean, N, of the seismic data in the time window under the strongly reflecting formation2The length of the time window in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is shown, and N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the fourth arithmetic mean of amplitudes of the seismic data in the time window under the strongly reflecting formation is determined as follows:
wherein i is the seismic channel serial number, j is the various point serial number in each seismic channel, XijIs the value of the ith sampling point, N, in the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum2The length of a time window in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is shown, N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel, M is the number of seismic channels, and B is the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the second amplitude compensation factor for the seismic data in the time window under the strongly reflecting formation is determined by the following equation:
wherein i is the seismic trace serial number, OP2iA second amplitude compensation coefficient for the ith seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, BiIs the third amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, and B is the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the third amplitude compensation factor for the seismic data at the strong reflection region is determined according to the following equation:
wherein i is the seismic trace serial number, j is the variety point serial number in each seismic trace, OP3ijA third amplitude compensation coefficient for the j-th sampling point of the ith trace in the seismic data of the strong reflection region, OP1iIn time windows on the earth formationFirst amplitude compensation coefficient of ith trace of seismic data, OP2iAnd the second amplitude compensation coefficient is the second amplitude compensation coefficient of the ith channel of seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, and N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the third amplitude compensation factor is an amplitude compensation factor.
12. An amplitude compensation device for seismic data in a strong reflection area, comprising:
the time window dividing module is used for acquiring seismic data of a strong reflection region and dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection region into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window are seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum overburden stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window are seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through a strong reflection stratum underburden;
the upper time window module is used for determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
the lower time window module is used for determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the lower time window of the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the lower time window of the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
the compensation factor module is used for determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient;
and the amplitude compensation module is used for compensating the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation in the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the upper time window module is further to:
determining a first amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum and the length of the time window;
determining a second amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
and determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the first amplitude arithmetic mean value and the second amplitude arithmetic mean value.
14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the lower time window module is further to:
determining a third amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum and the length of the time window;
determining a fourth amplitude arithmetic mean value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, the length of the time window and the number of seismic channels;
and determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the third amplitude arithmetic mean value and the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean value.
15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the compensation factor module is further configured to determine a third amplitude compensation factor for the strong reflection region seismic data as follows:
wherein i is the seismic trace serial number, j is the variety point serial number in each seismic trace, OP3ijA third amplitude compensation coefficient for the j-th sampling point of the ith trace in the seismic data of the strong reflection region, OP1iWhen on the stratum with strong reflectionFirst amplitude compensation coefficient of ith trace seismic data in window, OP2iAnd the second amplitude compensation coefficient is the second amplitude compensation coefficient of the ith channel of seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, and N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel.
16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the third amplitude compensation factor is an amplitude compensation factor.
17. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 11 when executing the computer program.
18. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.
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