CN111430668A - Negative electrode protection layer, preparation method, negative electrode and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Negative electrode protection layer, preparation method, negative electrode and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111430668A CN111430668A CN201911421474.2A CN201911421474A CN111430668A CN 111430668 A CN111430668 A CN 111430668A CN 201911421474 A CN201911421474 A CN 201911421474A CN 111430668 A CN111430668 A CN 111430668A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a negative electrode protective layer for a lithium ion battery, a preparation method of the negative electrode protective layer, a negative electrode and the lithium ion battery. A protective layer substrate comprised of a polymer; a lithium salt; and filler particles, the filler particles being functionalized. The functionalized filler particles are added into the negative electrode protective layer, so that the flexibility and the mechanical strength can be ensured while the thickness of the protective layer is reduced, the lithium dendrite prevention effect is better, the generation of 'dead lithium' can be effectively reduced, and the short circuit caused by the fact that the dendrite pierces the diaphragm is prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of materials, in particular to a negative electrode protective layer, a preparation method, a negative electrode and a lithium ion battery.
Background
The solid-state battery has no electrolyte inside, so that potential safety hazards caused by leakage of the electrolyte and other problems can be avoided, and meanwhile, the solid-state battery has the advantages of high energy density, no memory effect and the like and is widely concerned by researchers. The internal structure of a solid-state battery can be simply divided into a positive electrode, an electrolyte and a negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode is an important component of the solid-state battery, and the performance of the whole battery is directly influenced by the quality of a negative electrode material. The lithium metal is a hot spot of current research as a negative electrode, but the generation of lithium dendrite is easy to cause short circuit and also causes the generation of "dead lithium" of the negative electrode, so that the cycle capacity of the battery is reduced, and therefore, the negative electrode lithium metal needs to be effectively protected to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite.
Therefore, the current negative electrode protection layer, the preparation method, the negative electrode and the lithium ion battery still need to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is based on the discovery and recognition by the inventors of the following facts and problems:
although the protective layer is covered on the surface of the lithium negative electrode, the growth of lithium dendrites can be inhibited, and the short circuit of the battery can be effectively prevented, in order to reduce the body impedance and the interface impedance of the battery, the protective layer which is thin and high in flexibility and mechanical strength needs to be prepared, the protective layer which is good in flexibility and high in mechanical strength is difficult to realize, and even if the protective layer which is thin is prepared, the flexibility and the mechanical strength are poor, so that the effect of inhibiting the lithium dendrites is not good.
In view of this, the present application provides a negative electrode protection layer for a lithium ion battery, in which filler particles subjected to a functionalization treatment are added, so that the thickness of the protection layer can be reduced while the flexibility and the mechanical strength are ensured, a lithium dendrite prevention effect is good, the generation of "dead lithium" can be effectively reduced, and a short circuit caused by a dendrite penetrating through a separator can be prevented.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a negative electrode protective layer for a lithium ion battery, comprising: a protective layer substrate comprised of a polymer; a lithium salt; and filler particles, the filler particles being functionalized.
Further, the protective layer matrix includes at least one of PEO, PVDF-HFP, PPC, PAN, PEGDMA, PEGMEA, PMMA, and PEG.
Further, the filler particles include at least one of microparticles and nanoparticles.
Further, the functionalization treatment includes at least one of amination, carboxylation, hydroxylation, and sulfonation.
Further, the filler particles comprise SiO2、Al2O3、ZnO2At least one of graphite oxide, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.
Further, the lithium salts include L iFSI, L iTFSI and L iClO4At least one of (1).
Further, an inorganic solid electrolyte is included, the inorganic solid electrolyte including at least one of LL ZO, LL ZTO, L GPS and L PSCl.
Further, the mass ratio between the filler particles and the protective layer matrix is (1:99) to (75: 25).
Further, the mass ratio between the filler particles and the protective layer matrix is (10:90) - (50: 50).
Further, the mass ratio of the protective layer matrix to the lithium salt is (2:1) to (4: 1).
Furthermore, the thickness of the negative electrode protection layer is 5-50 microns.
Furthermore, the thickness of the negative electrode protection layer is 5-20 microns.
Compared with the prior art, the negative electrode protection layer has the following advantages:
the protective layer can be ensured to have certain mechanical strength and toughness while the thickness is thinner, so that the lithium dendrite resistance is improved; the interface resistance of the battery is low, and the body impedance and the interface impedance of the battery using the protective layer cannot be obviously improved.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the aforementioned negative electrode protective layer, comprising:
mixing a lithium salt, filler particles, and a polymer for forming a protective layer matrix to form a mixture, and curing the mixture to form a film to form the negative electrode protective layer.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
the process is simple, the cost is low, the cathode protective layer can be quickly obtained, and the prepared cathode protective layer has certain mechanical strength and toughness, so that the lithium dendrite resistance is improved; the interface resistance of the battery is low, and the body impedance and the interface impedance of the battery using the protective layer cannot be obviously improved.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode, including: a metallic lithium matrix; and the protective layer, wherein the protective layer covers the metal lithium matrix.
The invention further aims to provide a lithium ion battery. The negative electrode of the lithium ion battery is the negative electrode described above.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of cell performance tests of example 1 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of the cell performance tests of example 2 and comparative example 1;
Detailed Description
In the following, embodiments of the invention are described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein, without conflict, embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
One object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode protection layer for a lithium ion battery. The negative electrode protection layer includes: a protective layer matrix composed of a polymer, and lithium salt and filler particles mixed in the protective layer matrix. Wherein the filler particles are functionalized. The negative electrode protective layer can ensure the flexibility and the mechanical strength while reducing the thickness of the protective layer, has better effect of preventing lithium dendrite, can effectively reduce the generation of 'dead lithium', and prevents short circuit caused by the fact that the dendrite pierces through a diaphragm.
The following provides a detailed description of the principle by which the negative electrode protection layer can achieve the above-described advantageous effects, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention:
as described above, in order to ensure that the negative electrode protection layer can have sufficient mechanical strength and toughness even at a relatively thin thickness, the negative electrode protection layer according to the embodiment of the present invention includes functionalized filler particles. This ensures, on the one hand, that the filler particles are homogeneously dispersed in the protective layer matrix made of polymer, and also increases the mechanical strength of the protective layer by means of the functionalized filler particles. Thereby improving the performance of the anode protective layer.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the polymer forming the matrix of the protective layer is not particularly limited as long as it has certain flexibility and can well disperse the filler particles and the lithium salt therein. For example, the protective layer matrix may specifically include at least one of PEO (polyethylene oxide), PVDF-HFP (polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer), PPC (polymethyl ethylene carbonate), PAN (polyacrylonitrile), PEGDMA (polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate), PEGMEA (polyethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), and PEG (polyethylene glycol). The protective layer matrix formed by the polymer can keep enough toughness under a thinner thickness and has better compatibility with the filler particles and the lithium salt. The polymer may be cured by photo-curing, thermal curing, or the like, to form the negative electrode protective layer. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in order to cure the above-mentioned polymer, a curing agent, a photoinitiator, or the like may be added to the polymer in an appropriate amount according to the specific chemical composition of the polymer and the curing conditions.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the filler particles comprise at least one of microparticles and nanoparticles. That is, the filler particles include particles having a particle size in the nanometer and micrometer ranges. In particular, the filler particles comprise SiO2、Al2O3、ZnO2At least one of graphite oxide, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. The functionalization treatment of the filler particles is a treatment of modifying/introducing functional groups into the filler particles, so that the purposes of improving the compatibility between the filler particles and a polymer matrix, improving the strength of a protective layer and improving the lithium ion transmission performance of a finally formed negative protective layer are achieved. Specifically, the functionalization treatment performed on the above filler particles includes at least one of amination, carboxylation, hydroxylation, and sulfonation. For example, aminated silica or aminated graphene may be specifically selected as filler particles.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the specific kind of the lithium salt is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art may select a lithium salt commonly used in a lithium ion battery to be added to the negative electrode protective layer, for example, L iFSI, L iTFSI, and L iClO may be specifically included4At least one of (1). The lithium salt has good compatibility with the polymer forming the protective layer matrix and excellent electrochemical performance, thereby being beneficial to improving the performance of the negative protective layer and preventing the overall performance of the lithium ion battery from being influenced by adopting the negative protective layer with poor performance.
Further, in order to improve the lithium ion transport ability of the negative electrode protection layer and reduce the resistance, the negative electrode protection layer may further include an inorganic solid electrolyte, specifically, at least one of LL ZO, LL ZTO, L GPS, and L PSCl.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of each component in the negative electrode protection layer is not particularly limited as long as the negative electrode protection layer has certain lithium ion conductivity, low resistance, and sufficient toughness and mechanical strength, and can be controlled by those skilled in the art according to the type of the specific polymer selected and the condition of the filler particles. For example, according to some specific embodiments of the present disclosure, the mass ratio between the filler particles and the protective layer matrix in the negative electrode protective layer may be (1:99) to (75: 25). Preferably, the mass ratio between the filler particles and the protective layer matrix is (10:90) to (50: 50). Therefore, the electrochemical performance is more excellent, and the battery cycle performance is more excellent. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the protective layer matrix to the lithium salt is (2:1) to (4: 1).
According to the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the negative electrode protection layer can be 5-50 micrometers. Furthermore, the thickness of the negative electrode protection layer can be 5-20 microns. As described above, the negative electrode protective layer according to the embodiment of the present invention may have a thin thickness while securing toughness and mechanical strength, and thus may prevent performance degradation of a battery using the protective layer while protecting a negative electrode from lithium dendrites. When the thickness of the negative electrode protective layer is too thick, for example, greater than the above range, the impedance of the protective layer itself may be too large, which may affect the performance of the lithium ion battery using the negative electrode protective layer, while when too thin, it may be difficult to effectively prevent the growth of lithium dendrites, which may easily penetrate the protective layer, thereby causing the failure of protection.
Compared with the prior art, the negative electrode protection layer has the following advantages:
the protective layer can be ensured to have certain mechanical strength and toughness while the thickness is thinner, so that the lithium dendrite resistance is improved; the interface resistance of the battery is low, and the body impedance and the interface impedance of the battery using the protective layer cannot be obviously improved.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the aforementioned negative electrode protective layer. The method comprises the following steps:
the lithium salt, the filler particles, and the polymer for forming the protective layer matrix are mixed to form a mixture, and the mixture is cured into a film to form the negative electrode protective layer. Wherein the filler particles are pre-functionalized. The specific composition of the filler particles and the functional groups introduced by functionalization have been described in detail above and will not be described in detail. The particular method of functionalizing the filler particles is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select an appropriate manner to achieve functionalization of the filler particles depending on the particular composition of the filler particles and the particular groups introduced for functionalization.
For example, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a lithium salt and an inorganic solid electrolyte may be added to a polymer constituting a matrix of the protective layer, and stirred to completely dissolve or uniformly mix the respective components. Subsequently, the functionalized filler particles are added to the lithium salt-containing polymer and uniformly dispersed again to obtain a mixture. The negative electrode protective layer may then be obtained by curing the mixture into a film by one or more of the techniques including, but not limited to, coater coating dry, manual knife coating dry, solution casting dry, electrospinning film formation, and the like. For example, the mixture may be coated on a flat surface including, but not limited to, release paper, aluminum plastic film, teflon plate, glass plate, etc., or cast in a container such as a teflon watch glass, etc. Subsequently, the mixture is cured by one or more of thermal curing, photo curing and the like. According to an example of the present invention, the curing time may be 10 to 60 min. According to the embodiment of the invention, the mixture can also be directly coated on the negative electrode metal lithium and dried and cured.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, in order to mix the lithium salt, the inorganic solid electrolyte, and the like uniformly when forming the mixture, the polymer for forming the protective layer matrix, the solid electrolyte, and the like may be first dissolved in a volatile organic solvent, then the filler particles may be added to mix, and finally the processes of coating, drying, and curing may be performed. The organic solvent may be considered to be completely volatilized during the drying and curing process. Organic solvents may include, but are not limited to, acetonitrile, acetone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, cyclohexanone, and the like. According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, no organic solvent may be used in forming the mixture. The inventor finds that when the organic solvent is not used, but the mixture is formed by physical means including but not limited to ultrasound, mechanical stirring and the like, the surface of the formed protective layer is smoother, and the structures such as pinholes, cracks and the like caused by solvent volatilization are effectively avoided. Thereby, the growth of lithium dendrites can be prevented better.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a negative electrode is provided. The negative electrode includes a metallic lithium substrate and the aforementioned protective layer, and the negative electrode protective layer covers the metallic lithium substrate. Thus, the negative electrode has a good ability to prevent lithium dendrites, and does not significantly increase the bulk impedance and the interfacial impedance of a battery using the negative electrode. The negative electrode protective layer in the negative electrode has certain mechanical strength and toughness, and the service life is longer.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the anode may be subjected to hot rolling treatment in advance before use. Specifically, the negative electrode protective layer and the metal lithium matrix can be subjected to hot rolling, the rolling temperature can be 25-80 ℃, and the rolling time can be 5-30 min. Thus, the use performance of the negative electrode can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the negative electrode may include one or more negative electrode protection layers. For example, a single protective layer, a double protective layer, or a multi-protective layer composite protection may be used. When more than one negative-electrode protective layer is contained in the negative electrode, for example, a double-layer protective layer and a multi-layer protective layer, the filler particles contained in the plurality of negative-electrode protective layers may be different filler particles.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a lithium ion battery is presented. The negative electrode of the lithium ion battery is as described above. Thus, the lithium ion battery has all the features and advantages of the negative electrode described above, and thus, the description thereof is omitted. Particularly, the lithium ion battery has better capability of preventing lithium dendrite, and the impedance of the body and the impedance of the cathode interface of the battery are smaller. The negative electrode protective layer in the negative electrode has certain mechanical strength and toughness, and the service life is longer.
The invention will now be illustrated by means of specific examples, which are provided for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications.
Example 1
Mixing SiO2Amino-functionalization, drying for use, 0.3g of L iFSI are then dissolved thoroughly in 0.6g of PEGDMA, after which 0.2g of amino-functionalized SiO are dissolved2Uniformly dispersing into the solution and carrying out ultrasonic treatment. And carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a uniform solution, coating the solution on a lithium foil, carrying out photocuring by adopting an ultraviolet lamp, and cutting after the photocuring is finished to obtain a cathode.
Example 2
1.5g PEO, 0.54g L iTFSI were dissolved in 15ml acetonitrile and after completion of the dissolution 0.5g aminated SiO was added2Stirring the solution, then dispersing by ultrasound to obtain uniform slurry, coating the slurry on release paper by an automatic coating machine, drying at 40 ℃, then drying in vacuum at 60 ℃, rolling with lithium foil at 50 ℃ for 30min after drying is finished, and obtaining the negative electrode after rolling.
Comparative example 1
An empty lithium foil was used as the negative electrode and cut to a size consistent with examples 1 and 2.
The negative electrodes obtained in example 1, example 2 and comparative example 1 were assembled into a lithium symmetric battery and subjected to a cycle test. Referring to fig. 1 and 2 (time on the abscissa and Voltage on the ordinate), it is apparent that the symmetrical cell assembled with the lithium foil without the protective layer (comparative example 1) has a large Voltage polarization and the cell is short-circuited very quickly, and the cell Voltage decays severely as the number of cycles (time) is prolonged. The cycle performance of the batteries adopting the negative electrodes of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 is better, which shows that the negative electrode protective layer obviously inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites and effectively improves the cycle performance of the batteries.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention but do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "another embodiment," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A negative electrode protective layer for a lithium ion battery, comprising:
a protective layer substrate comprised of a polymer;
a lithium salt; and
filler particles, said filler particles being functionalized.
2. The negative protective layer of claim 1, wherein the protective layer matrix comprises at least one of PEO, PVDF-HFP, PPC, PAN, PEGDMA, PEGMEA, PMMA, and PEG.
3. The negative electrode protective layer of claim 1, wherein the filler particles comprise at least one of microparticles and nanoparticles,
optionally, the functionalization treatment comprises at least one of amination, carboxylation, hydroxylation, and sulfonation;
optionally, the filler particles comprise SiO2、Al2O3、ZnO2At least one of graphite oxide, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.
4. The negative electrode protection layer of claim 1, wherein the lithium salt comprises L iFSI, L iTFSI, and L iClO4At least one of (1).
5. The negative electrode protection layer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:
an inorganic solid state electrolyte comprising at least one of LL ZO, LL ZTO, L GPS and L PSCl.
6. The negative-electrode protective layer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mass ratio between the filler particles and the protective layer matrix is (1:99) to (75: 25);
optionally, the mass ratio between the filler particles and the protective layer matrix is (10:90) to (50: 50);
optionally, the mass ratio of the protective layer matrix to the lithium salt is (2:1) to (4: 1);
optionally, the thickness of the negative electrode protection layer is 5-50 microns;
optionally, the thickness of the negative electrode protection layer is 5-20 microns.
7. A method of preparing the negative electrode protective layer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
mixing a lithium salt, filler particles, and a polymer for forming a protective layer matrix to form a mixture, and curing the mixture to form a film to form the negative electrode protective layer.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming the mixture comprises: after mixing the lithium salt and the polymer, adding the filler particles to the polymer mixed with the lithium salt;
optionally, dissolving the polymer, the lithium salt in an organic solvent, followed by adding the filler particles in the organic solvent and mixing;
optionally, the curing film forming comprises curing including thermal curing and photo-curing, and the curing time is preferably 10-60 min;
optionally, the organic solvent is an organic substance that can volatilize during the curing film-forming process.
9. An anode, comprising:
a metallic lithium matrix; and
the negative electrode protective layer of any one of claims 1 to 6, which covers the metallic lithium substrate.
10. A lithium ion battery, wherein a negative electrode of the lithium ion battery is according to claim 9.
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CN112226064B (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2023-02-10 | 吉林省东驰新能源科技有限公司 | Negative electrode protective film, preparation method and application thereof, and alkali metal-air battery |
CN113346051A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-03 | 天津中电新能源研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of metal lithium surface protection layer |
CN113789074A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-12-14 | 南京同宁新材料研究院有限公司 | Lithium negative electrode protective layer and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114551782A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2022-05-27 | 万向一二三股份公司 | Lithium metal negative electrode coated with protective layer and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114551782B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-07-07 | 万向一二三股份公司 | Lithium metal negative electrode coated with protective layer and preparation method and application thereof |
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