CN111428387A - Winding distribution coefficient calculation model and method considering distribution difference of motor slot conductors - Google Patents
Winding distribution coefficient calculation model and method considering distribution difference of motor slot conductors Download PDFInfo
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- CN111428387A CN111428387A CN202010348183.1A CN202010348183A CN111428387A CN 111428387 A CN111428387 A CN 111428387A CN 202010348183 A CN202010348183 A CN 202010348183A CN 111428387 A CN111428387 A CN 111428387A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of electromechanics, and particularly relates to a winding distribution coefficient calculation model and method considering distribution difference of motor slot conductors. The modeling and analysis of the motor winding are more accurate. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, determining a distribution scheme of motor phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and wires in motor slots according to a motor design scheme, and distributing all the phase windings, the coil groups, the wire turns and the wires in corresponding motor slots. And 2, selecting a motor space reference position, and determining the distribution area of windings, coil groups, wire turns and wires in the motor slot according to the geometric dimensions of all parts in the motor slot. And 3, numbering all phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and leads distributed in the motor slots. And 4, calculating no-load counter potential vectors generated by all the numbered phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and wires distributed in the motor slots. And 5, determining the distribution coefficient of the motor winding, and further performing subsequent research by using the coefficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a motor winding distribution coefficient calculation model and a method, in particular to a winding distribution coefficient calculation model and a method considering distribution difference of conductors in a motor slot, and belongs to the field of electromechanics.
Background
With the continuous development of motor design theory, analysis theory and control theory, special motors of different types, structures and functions gradually appear, and are widely applied in many fields and industries.
Generally, when scientific theoretical research and engineering control of a motor are carried out, establishing a mathematical model of the motor and determining a control algorithm based on a physical model, a winding theory and an operation mechanism of the motor are common steps. In recent years, with the emergence of a motor servo control system and a precision control system, and the emergence of multi-physical-field analysis software and finite element software of a motor, establishing a high-precision motor mathematical model is very important for improving the control precision of the motor control system, improving the motor control effect, widening the application field of the motor and improving the operation potential of the motor.
In describing the winding theory of the motor, relevant works at home and abroad, such as electric machine professional books such as "electromechanics" (mechanical industry publishers), "modern motor control technology" (mechanical industry publishers) and "ac permanent magnet motor feed drive servo system" (Qinghua university publishers) mention one of the commonly mentioned settings: for motor phasesFor winding, a phase winding is formed by a finite number of coil groups, each coil group being formed by a finite number of turns of wire connected in series, the turns being formed by conductive wire. According to different motor design schemes, motor phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and wires are reasonably distributed in different stator slots or rotor slots (hereinafter referred to as motor slots for short), and in order to describe differences of magnetomotive force and induced potential of the phase windings caused by different motor phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and wire distribution schemes, domestic and foreign scholars introduce winding distribution coefficients (also called distribution factors) in a winding theory, namely: because the motor windings are distributed in different slots, the resultant electromotive force of q distributed coils
Synthetic electromotive force of less than q concentrated coils
The resulting discount.
However, the existing motor winding calculation model and method only consider the distribution difference of phase windings, coil groups and wire turns in different motor slots, and ignore the distribution difference of conductors in the motor slots in spatial positions, i.e. adopt a certain degree of "equivalence" and "simplification" to facilitate modeling and analysis of the motor windings, but the introduction of the "equivalence" and the "simplification" makes the motor winding model deviate from an actual physical model to a certain degree, so that the motor control effect is not satisfactory enough, and the method is not favorable for forming a high-quality servo motor system basic theory and technical system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a winding distribution coefficient calculation model and a winding distribution coefficient calculation method considering the distribution difference of the conductors of the motor slot so as to consider the actual distribution difference of the conductors in the motor slot, so that the modeling and analysis of the motor winding are more accurate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme, which comprises the following steps.
Step 1, determining a distribution scheme of motor phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and wires in motor slots according to a motor design scheme, and distributing all the phase windings, the coil groups, the wire turns and the wires in corresponding motor slots.
And 3, numbering all phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and leads distributed in the motor slots.
And 4, calculating no-load counter potential vectors generated by all the phase windings, the coil groups, the wire turns and the leads which are distributed in the motor slots through numbering according to the generation mechanism of the no-load counter potential of the motor windings and the law of electromagnetic induction.
And 5, determining the distribution coefficient of the motor winding according to the distribution scheme of the motor phase winding, the coil group, the wire turns and the lead in the motor slot, the no-load counter potential vector and the circuit principle, and further performing subsequent research by using the coefficient.
Further, in step 1, the motor design scheme refers to a design scheme provided by a motor designer according to the application occasion, the realized function and the working characteristic of the motor and according to the national standard and the industry standard. (wherein the distribution of motor phase windings, coil groups, wire turns, conductors in the motor slots and the distribution to which motor slots is an important matter, this process is also referred to as motor winding design, and the resulting distribution is also referred to as winding form, common winding forms including concentric, cross, stacked, chain, and mixed winding.)
Further, the spatial reference position of the motor in the step 2 is a magnetomotive force axis (which may also be a geometric symmetry axis) of a certain phase winding of the motor, and the geometric dimensions of each component in the motor slot are related to the motor design scheme in the step 1.
Further, in step 3, all the phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and wires distributed in the motor slots are numbered, so as to distinguish and position different phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and wires and facilitate subsequent formula derivation and calculation.
Further, in step 2, the geometric dimensions of each component include a geometric dimension of a motor slot, a geometric dimension of a wire in the motor slot, a surface insulation geometric dimension of the wire, an insulation geometric dimension of the motor slot, and a geometric dimension of a motor slot wedge.
Further, in step 3, the number is unique, and the number includes the relationship information determined in step 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects.
The invention provides a winding distribution coefficient calculation model and a method considering the distribution difference of conductors in a motor slot, which fully consider the distribution difference of the conductors in the motor slot caused by different motor design schemes and different geometric dimensions of all parts in the motor slot, obtain the motor winding distribution coefficient calculation model closer to the actual conductor distribution through mathematical derivation and calculation, and are important contributions to the correction, perfection and enrichment of a basic theory and control technology system of a motor system.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. The scope of the invention is not limited to the following expressions.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a winding distribution coefficient calculation model and a method for considering distribution difference of conductors in a motor slot.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of phase splitting of stator slots and stator windings of a 3-phase 9-slot 6-pole cylindrical motor.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention applied to fig. 2.
In the figure, 1, a motor stator punching sheet, 2, stator teeth, 3, stator slots and 401-4012 are 12 leads wound on the same stator tooth in a stator slot, 5, a geometric symmetry axis of the lead 401 passing through a point O, 6, an included angle between dotted lines 5 and 13, 7, a geometric symmetry axis of the stator slot passing through the point O, 8, inter-phase insulation in the stator slot, 9, intra-stator slot insulation, 10, stator slot inner lead insulation, 11, a stator slot wedge, 12, a connecting line between the lead 401 and the point O, and 13, a geometric symmetry axis of the stator tooth passing through the point O respectively.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, a1, a2, A3 belong to the same motor a phase, B1, B2, B3 belong to the same motor B phase, C1, C2, C3 belong to the same motor C phase, and O is the central point of the motor stator lamination.
The dotted lines are marked to facilitate distinguishing where the different phases are located, while a1, a2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, A, B, C are also merely symbols representing the different phases; 401-4012 show that the number of wires in the stator slot is 12 in this embodiment, which is only for convenience of explanation of this embodiment and is not intended to limit the number of wires in the stator slot in this embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, the steps of the present invention are performed.
A winding distribution coefficient calculation model and method considering distribution difference of conductors in a motor slot fully consider the distribution difference of the conductors in the motor slot caused by different motor design schemes and different geometric dimensions of all parts in the motor slot, namely the winding characteristics of a motor, uniquely number all phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and wires distributed in the motor slot, consider the corners of the conductors in the slot and the radius of a circle where the conductors in the slot are located, obtain corresponding no-load back electromotive force vectors according to the generation mechanism of the no-load back electromotive force of the motor winding and the electromagnetic induction law, and obtain the distribution coefficient of the motor winding considering the distribution difference of the conductors in the motor slot according to a circuit principle and through mathematical derivation and calculation.
The method comprises the steps of selecting a spatial reference position of the motor, determining distribution areas (or positions) of windings, coil groups, wire turns and wires in the motor slot according to the geometric dimensions of all parts in the motor slot, and further determining the relation between the distribution areas (or positions) and the reference position, wherein the parts include but are not limited to the motor slot, the wires in the motor slot, surface insulation of the wires, insulation in the motor slot and slot wedges of the motor.
As a specific example: fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a split-phase of stator slots and stator windings of A3-phase 9-slot 6-pole disc-type motor drawn for explaining the use process of the present invention, the disc-type motor is an inner rotor structure, according to the design scheme of the motor, a1, a2 and A3 belong to a phase a of the motor, B1, B2 and B3 belong to a phase B of the motor, C1, C2 and C3 belong to a phase C of the motor, O is a central point of a stator punching sheet of the motor, and a dotted line represents a geometric symmetry axis of the stator slot passing through the point O. Taking stator tooth 2 as an example, a phase winding coil of B1 phase is wound on stator tooth 2, and according to the introduction of the background of the invention, the phase winding is composed of a limited number of coil groups, each coil group is formed by connecting a limited number of turns in series, and the turns are made of conductive wires. According to different motor design schemes, motor phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and conducting wires can be reasonably distributed in different stator slots.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention applied to fig. 2, taking three adjacent stator slots as an example, and as can be seen from the notation of fig. 2, a single stator slot is always equally divided into two regions by two adjacent phases. 12 leads are embedded in each stator slot, the surface of each lead is provided with a stator slot internal lead insulation 10, and a stator slot internal phase insulation 8, a stator slot internal insulation 9 and a stator slot wedge 11 are arranged in each stator slot.
In accordance with fig. 1, the implementation is described by taking phase a1 as an example of phase a without loss of generality.
Step one, determining the distribution scheme of motor phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and conducting wires in a motor slot according to a motor design scheme, all phase windings, coil groups, turns and lead wires are distributed in corresponding motor slots, the embodiment totally comprises 3 phase windings (namely A phase, B phase and C phase), 9 coil groups (namely A1 phase, A2 phase, A3 phase, B1 phase, B2 phase, B3 phase, C1 phase, C2 phase and C3 phase), 54 single-turn turns and 108 lead wires, wherein two wires of the left half stator slot and the right half stator slot distributed on two sides of the same stator tooth are connected in series to form a single-turn coil and wound on a single stator tooth, the 12 single-turn coils wound on a single stator tooth are connected in series to form a coil group, and 3 coil groups belonging to a same phase winding form the phase winding of the phase, namely, 36 single-turn coils are connected in series to form a phase winding.
And secondly, selecting a geometric symmetry axis 13 of the stator tooth passing through the O point as a spatial reference position of the motor, and obtaining theoretical distribution positions of 12 leads 401-4012 wound on the same stator tooth in the stator slot in the motor slot 3 and the adjacent stator slot according to the geometric dimensions of each part in the motor slot, including the motor slot 3 and the adjacent stator slot thereof, 12 leads 401-4012 wound on the same stator tooth in the stator slot, interphase insulation 8 in the stator slot, insulation 9 in the stator slot, lead insulation 10 in the stator slot and stator slot wedge 11. The geometric symmetry axis 5 of the lead 401 passing through the point O is obtained, the included angle 6 between the dotted lines 5 and 13 is obtained, the distance of the connecting line 12 between the lead 401 and the point O is obtained, and the included angle between the 12 leads 401-4012 wound on the same stator tooth in the stator slot and the geometric symmetry axis 13 of the stator tooth passing through the point O and the distance between the lead 401-4012 and the point O can be obtained by using a similar method. Comparing the theoretical distribution position obtained in the step with the distribution position of each component in actual production, and if the two are relatively close to each other, performing the subsequent step. In general, in order to improve the area utilization rate of the motor slot, the parts in the motor slot are relatively compact, and therefore the theoretical distribution position obtained by this step is relatively close to the distribution position of the parts in actual production.
And thirdly, numbering all phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and conducting wires distributed in the motor slots, selecting a counterclockwise rotation direction as a reference rotation direction, taking a direction from the paper surface inwards as a reference eye direction, and taking the stator slot 3 as a start.
(1) The 12 wires (401-4012) wound around the stator teeth in phase A1 are numbered as cn(n ═ 1,2,3.. 12), and c1—c6Distributed in the right region of the stator teeth under A1 phase, c7—c12The left area of the stator teeth is distributed in the A1 phase;
(2) for c passing through O pointn(n＝1,2,3...12) The geometric symmetry axes are numbered Ln(n＝1,2,3...12)；
(3) Pair LnThe included angles between the stator teeth and the geometric symmetry axis 13 of the stator teeth passing through the O point are numbered and are respectively defined as thetan(n ═ 1,2,3.. 12), θ can be determinednNamed conductor angle in the slot;
(4) pair LnThe distances from the points O are numbered and are respectively defined as rn(n ═ 1,2,3.. 12), r can be substitutednThe radius of the circle on which the conductor in the groove is positioned;
(5) define A1 phase coil group as CA1，CA1Comprising 6 single-turn wire turns, each defining SCA1-m(m＝1,2,3...6)；
(6) Easy to know SCA1-mRespectively formed by c1—c6One wire of c7—c12One of the wires is reversely connected in series, CA1From all SCsA1-mAre connected in series.
In a similar manner, the phase windings, coil sets, turns, wires of the other phases may be numbered. For convenience of description, the motor slots are numbered and respectively defined as Si(i 1,2,3.. 9), numbering the geometric symmetry axis of the stator slot passing through the O point, respectively defined as S Li(i ═ 1,2,3.. 9), the effective length of the wire in the stator slot is l.
Step four, when the motor is in a no-load electric state or a no-load power generation state, c at any timen(n ═ 1,2,3.. 12) magnetic induction B at the positionn(n ═ 1,2,3.. 12) is uniquely determined, and B isnOf magnitude and thetanAnd rnIt is related.
The existing motor winding calculation model and method can omit cnDifference in actual distribution, i.e. thetanAnd rn. The step of the invention can obtain any time c according to the generation mechanism of the no-load back electromotive force of the motor winding and the law of electromagnetic inductionn、SCA1-m、CA1Upper no-load back-emf vector:
(1) definition cnNo-load counter-potential vector onRespectively in the amount of
(2) Definition of SCA1-mAre respectively the no-load counter potential vector of
(3) Definition CA1Are respectively the no-load counter potential vector of
According to the above analysis, it can be seen that:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
due to SCA1-mRespectively formed by c1—c6One wire of c7—c12One of the conductors is connected in series and the "-" represents the vector difference between the two vectors. Obviously, CA1No-load counter potential vector on
From cnNo-load counter potential vector on
Is determined by
Then the position of the probe and the B in the positionnIt is related.
Step five, solving a distribution coefficient according to a distribution scheme of a motor phase winding, a coil group, a wire turn and a lead in a motor slot, a no-load counter potential vector and a circuit principle:
wherein f is the frequency of the no-load counter potential,
p is the number of pole pairs of the motor, n is the rotating speed of the motor, and phi is the main magnetic flux on the stator teeth. It is clear that,
has a difference in both amplitude and phase, so
Is always less than
Namely KdAlways less than 1.
However, according to the existing motor winding calculation model and method:
(1) calculating the unit motor number of the motor:
wherein t is 3, namely the unit motor number is 3;
(2) calculating the number of coils of the unit motor:
(3) calculating the number of coils of each phase of the unit motor:
(4) solving the electrical included angle of each phase coil of the unit motor:
(5) calculating the distribution coefficient of the unit motor:
therefore, if the distribution difference of the conductors in the motor slot is neglected, the calculation accuracy of the winding distribution coefficient is inevitably influenced, that is, the calculated winding distribution coefficient cannot accurately reflect the winding characteristics.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and more specifically, the present invention is A3-phase 9-slot 6-pole cylindrical motor implemented in a fractional-slot concentrated winding, and includes 3 phase windings (i.e., a phase, B phase, and C phase), 9 coil groups (i.e., a1 phase, a2 phase, A3 phase, B1 phase, B2 phase, B3 phase, C1 phase, C2 phase, and C3 phase), 54 single-turn turns, and 108 wires. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention, such as modifying the number of phases, slots, phase windings, coil groups, single-turn turns, and wires in the present embodiment to other reasonable numbers (i.e. adopting other distribution schemes of motor phase windings, coil groups, turns, and wires in the motor slots), modifying the cylindrical structure to linear type, disk type, or modifying the motor slots to other shapes, or changing the geometry and number of the components in the motor slots, should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited by the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified or substituted equally to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A winding distribution coefficient calculation model and method considering motor slot conductor distribution difference are characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining a distribution scheme of motor phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and wires in motor slots according to a motor design scheme, and distributing all the phase windings, the coil groups, the wire turns and the wires in corresponding motor slots;
step 2, selecting a spatial reference position of the motor, determining distribution areas of windings, coil groups, wire turns and wires in the motor slot according to the geometric dimensions of all parts in the motor slot, and further determining the relation between the distribution areas and the reference position;
step 3, numbering all phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and leads distributed in the motor slot;
step 4, calculating no-load back electromotive force vectors generated by all phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and leads which are distributed in the motor slot after numbering according to a generation mechanism of the no-load back electromotive force of the motor winding and an electromagnetic induction law;
and 5, determining the distribution coefficient of the motor winding according to the distribution scheme of the motor phase winding, the coil group, the wire turns and the lead in the motor slot, the no-load counter potential vector and the circuit principle, and further performing subsequent research by using the coefficient.
2. The winding distribution coefficient calculation model and method considering the distribution difference of the motor slot conductors as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 1, the motor design scheme refers to a design scheme provided by a motor designer according to the application occasion, the realized function and the working characteristic of the motor and according to the national standard and the industry standard.
3. The winding distribution coefficient calculation model and method considering the distribution difference of the motor slot conductors as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and 2, the motor space reference position is a magnetomotive force axis of a certain phase winding of the motor, and the geometric dimension of each part in the motor slot is related to the motor design scheme in the step 1.
4. The winding distribution coefficient calculation model and method considering the distribution difference of the motor slot conductors as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and 3, numbering all the phase windings, the coil groups, the wire turns and the wires distributed in the motor slots, wherein the purpose is to distinguish and position different phase windings, coil groups, wire turns and wires and facilitate subsequent formula derivation and calculation.
5. The winding distribution coefficient calculation model and method considering the distribution difference of the motor slot conductors as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 2, the geometric dimensions of each part comprise the geometric dimensions of a motor slot, the geometric dimensions of a wire in the motor slot, the surface insulation geometric dimensions of the wire, the insulation geometric dimensions of the motor slot and the geometric dimensions of a motor slot wedge.
6. The winding distribution coefficient calculation model and method considering the distribution difference of the motor slot conductors as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 3, the number is unique and includes the relationship information determined in step 2.
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| CN113849775A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2021-12-28 | 南通大学 | Method for calculating motor distribution factor of fractional slot concentrated winding unit |
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| US20170214286A1 (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-07-27 | Shanghai Moons' Electric Co., Ltd. | Hollow cup winding capable of reducing distribution coefficient |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113849775A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2021-12-28 | 南通大学 | Method for calculating motor distribution factor of fractional slot concentrated winding unit |
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