CN111428312A - Method for acquiring vibration characteristics of vehicle parts in train derailment behavior process - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for acquiring vibration characteristics of vehicle components in a train derailment behavior process, which solves the problems that the conventional derailment experiment bench can only perform derailment experiments of a single bogie or a single wheel pair, and has the limitations of high cost, high experiment potential risk, limited derailment conditions capable of being tested, low testing speed and the like. Establishing a train dynamics model, setting target operation environment information, and adjusting the operation state of the model according to the abnormal operation condition; and carrying out simulation analysis to obtain simulation data. The method simulates the train derailment condition caused by the rail abnormity through a mechanical component dynamics simulation analysis method. Compared with a rack derailment experiment and a line derailment experiment, the invention has the advantages of very low cost, almost no risk and no casualties and equipment damage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of train tracks, in particular to a method for acquiring vibration characteristics of vehicle components in a train derailment behavior process.
Background
The prevention of train derailment is a permanent research subject in the field of rail transit, and although experts in the industry have already performed a long-term and large amount of scientific research work in the field, the technical level at the present stage cannot completely ensure that a train does not have derailment accidents.
Train operation anomalies are one of the main factors that cause a train to derail. The train operation abnormity comprises train overspeed, abnormal traction braking of the train, improper emergency braking and the like. The derailment of a train caused by abnormal operation happens occasionally: for example, in 2018, day 10, month 21, a train derailment accident (side-tipping derailment) caused by the passing of the ordinary yohima train overspeed curve occurred in taiwan province; for example, an indian passenger train on day 7 and 11 in 2011, a kunming subway on day 1 and 9 in 2013, and a mossco subway on day 7 and 16 in 2014 all have the condition that the train derails after a driver applies emergency braking in the normal running of the train.
The dynamic behavior research after the derailment of the train and the wheel set has higher engineering application value. For example, the vibration characteristics of the vehicle components after the train derails can provide theoretical basis for a vehicle-mounted derailing monitoring system, effectively judge the derailing state of the train, and timely remind drivers and driving systems (unmanned trains) to take reasonable measures. However, the dynamic behavior research after train derailment is still a worldwide problem. The existing derailment experiment bench can only perform derailment experiments of a single bogie or a single wheel pair, and has the limitations of high cost, large experiment potential risk, limited derailment condition capable of being tested, low testing speed and the like.
Therefore, how to establish a train derailment behavior simulation technology caused by vehicle operation abnormity to obtain the vibration characteristics of vehicle components in the derailment process is a technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the conventional derailment experiment bench can only perform derailment experiments of a single bogie or a single wheel pair, and has the limitations of high cost, high experiment potential risk, limited derailment conditions capable of being tested, low testing speed and the like. The invention provides a method for acquiring the vibration characteristics of a vehicle component in the process of train derailment behavior, which solves the problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for acquiring the vibration characteristics of the vehicle parts in the process of the train derailment behavior is used for acquiring the vibration characteristics of the vehicle parts of a target vehicle and comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a train dynamic model, and correspondingly arranging virtual sensors on a wheel set and a bogie;
step 2: setting the running environment of the train dynamics model established in the step 1 according to the target running condition, wherein the running environment comprises running speed, running lines, rail irregularity grade and the like;
and step 3: setting an abnormal operation condition of the train in the dynamic model;
and 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out simulation analysis on the result of the step (3) and acquiring simulation data, wherein the simulation data comprises virtual sensor data of a plurality of wheel pairs and sensor data of a plurality of bogies.
And (4) setting the sampling frequency and the data acquisition time of the virtual sensor in the step (1), and calculating to obtain the vibration acceleration, displacement, corner, spring force and wheel-rail force data information of the virtual sensor according to the vibration transmission relation of a vehicle system in the step (4).
And classifying abnormal operation conditions of the derailment accident cases, wherein the classification comprises train curve overspeed and S-curve braking.
And (3) simulating and simulating the train power model in the step 1 by adopting SIMPACK multi-body dynamics software.
And (4) generating a vehicle running virtual animation within simulation time based on the simulation data of SIMPACK multi-body dynamics software in the step (4), judging the time period of the abnormal running working condition of the train within the simulation time, collecting the vibration information of vehicle components of the wheel set and the bogie within the time period of the abnormal running working condition, and outputting a vibration information result.
In the step 4, during the simulation of passing the vehicle, the simplified Kalker theory (FASTSIM) is adopted to calculate the tangential contact of the wheel rail, and the Hertz theory is adopted to calculate the normal state of the wheel rail.
According to Hertz, the wheel-rail vertical clearance can be written as:
z(x,y)＝Ax2+By2
wherein A and B are the longitudinal and transverse relative curvatures, respectively;
when the major curvature surfaces of the wheel tracks coincide, i.e. the wheel sets do not have a yaw angle, the expressions for a and B are as follows:
in the formula, RwxThe curvature radius of the wheel along the longitudinal direction, namely the rolling radius of the wheel;
Rrxis the radius of curvature of the rail in the longitudinal direction, typically + ∞;
Rwyis the transverse curvature radius of the wheel contact point;
Rrythe transverse curvature radius of the contact point of the steel rail;
according to the Hertz' theory of contact, the expressions for the major axis a and the minor axis b of the contact patch can be written as:
wherein m and n are the Hertz contact parameter; p is a normal force of the wheel track; g*Is a material parameter;
the values of m and n are determined according to the value of an intermediate variable η, a Hertz contact parameter table is looked up according to the value η,
the above-mentioned
The above-mentioned
In the formula, vwAnd EwPoisson's ratio and bullet, respectively, of the wheel materialA modulus of elasticity; v. ofrAnd ErRespectively the poisson ratio and the elastic modulus of the steel rail material;
proximity of rigidity at wheel-rail contact0Comprises the following steps:
wherein r is the Hertz contact parameter, wherein
Contact pressure distribution PzIs semi-ellipsoidal:
the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the method simulates the train derailment condition caused by abnormal operation by a mechanical component dynamics simulation analysis method. Compared with a rack derailment experiment and a line derailment experiment, the invention has the advantages of very low cost, almost no risk and no casualties and equipment damage.
The invention can provide train derailment conditions in more derailment scenes. The derailment test bed can only analyze the derailment condition of the train under specific working conditions, for example, the derailment test bed can only test the derailment condition of a single wheel pair or a single bogie at low speed (about 30 km/h). The invention can be used for the derailment behavior research of the whole vehicle and the whole train under different speeds, especially under the condition of high running speed.
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The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of vertical acceleration information collected by a left axle box virtual sensor of a left wheel 1 axle according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of vertical acceleration information collected by the virtual sensor of the axle box on the right side of the axle of the left wheel 1 according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the vertical displacement information collected by the left axle box virtual sensor of the left wheel 1 axle according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of the vertical displacement information collected by the virtual sensor of the axle box on the right side of the axle of the left wheel 1 according to the invention.
FIG. 6 is a vibration acceleration map collected during normal operation of an exemplary simulation process of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a vibration acceleration map collected during an example simulation process derailment operation in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a displacement plot collected during an example simulation process derailment operation in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a displacement plot collected during an example simulation process derailment operation in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangements of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any inventive changes, are within the scope of the present invention.
The method for acquiring the vibration characteristics of the vehicle parts in the process of the train derailment behavior comprises the following steps of:
step 1: establishing a train dynamic model, and correspondingly arranging virtual sensors on a wheel set and a bogie;
step 2: setting the running environment of the train dynamics model established in the step 1 according to the target running condition, wherein the running environment comprises running speed, running lines, rail irregularity grade and the like;
and step 3: setting an abnormal operation condition of the train in the dynamic model;
and 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out simulation analysis on the result of the step (3) and acquiring simulation data, wherein the simulation data comprises virtual sensor data of a plurality of wheel pairs and sensor data of a plurality of bogies.
And (4) setting the sampling frequency and the data acquisition time of the virtual sensor in the step (1), and calculating to obtain the vibration acceleration, displacement, corner, spring force and wheel-rail force data information of the virtual sensor according to the vibration transmission relation of a vehicle system in the step (4).
And classifying abnormal operation conditions of the derailment accident cases, wherein the classification comprises train curve overspeed and S-curve braking.
And (3) simulating and simulating the train power model in the step 1 by adopting SIMPACK multi-body dynamics software.
In the step 4, during the simulation of passing the vehicle, the simplified Kalker theory (FASTSIM) is adopted to calculate the tangential contact of the wheel rail, and the Hertz theory is adopted to calculate the normal state of the wheel rail.
According to Hertz, the wheel-rail vertical clearance can be written as:
z(x,y)＝Ax2+By2
wherein A and B are the longitudinal and transverse relative curvatures, respectively;
when the major curvature surfaces of the wheel tracks coincide, i.e. the wheel sets do not have a yaw angle, the expressions for a and B are as follows:
in the formula, RwxThe curvature radius of the wheel along the longitudinal direction, namely the rolling radius of the wheel;
Rrxis the radius of curvature of the rail in the longitudinal direction, typically + ∞;
Rwyis the transverse curvature radius of the wheel contact point;
Rrythe transverse curvature radius of the contact point of the steel rail;
according to the Hertz' theory of contact, the expressions for the major axis a and the minor axis b of the contact patch can be written as:
wherein m and n are the Hertz contact parameter; p is a normal force of the wheel track; g*Is a material parameter;
the values of m and n are determined according to the value of an intermediate variable η, a Hertz contact parameter table is looked up according to the value η,
the above-mentioned
The above-mentioned
In the formula, vwAnd EwRespectively, the poisson's ratio and the elastic modulus of the wheel material; v. ofrAnd ErRespectively the poisson ratio and the elastic modulus of the steel rail material;
proximity of rigidity at wheel-rail contact0Comprises the following steps:
wherein r is the Hertz contact parameter, wherein
Contact pressure distribution PzIs semi-ellipsoidal:
and (4) generating a vehicle running virtual animation within simulation time based on the simulation data of SIMPACK multi-body dynamics software in the step (4), judging the time period of the abnormal running working condition of the train within the simulation time, collecting the vibration information of vehicle components of the multi-wheel pair and the multi-bogie within the time period of the abnormal running working condition, and outputting the vibration information result.
Example 1: example for simulating derailment of Puyoma train
Establishing a simplified train model (shown in figure 2) in which two trains are connected through a coupler buffer device according to inertia parameters, geometrical parameters, wheel track parameters and the like of the train, setting the radius of wheels to be 0.43M, selecting L M types for wheel set treads, selecting 60kg steel rails for the types of the steel rails, and setting the bottom slope of the rail to be 1: 40;
the orbital excitation of the model was set to the us 5 th order spectrum (AAR 5). In the vehicle multi-body dynamic model, virtual sensors are arranged on the wheel pairs and the bogie correspondingly, and each virtual sensor can acquire the acceleration, the angular acceleration, the speed, the rotating speed, the displacement and the rotating angle of 6 degrees of freedom. The sampling frequency of the virtual sensor is 2 kHz;
the gauge was set to standard gauge mode (1.435m) and the rail irregularity rating was set to the U.S. grade 5 spectrum (AAR 5). The line is set to be in a curve working condition: the radius of the curve is 300m, the length of the relaxation curve is 15m, the line height is 12cm, and the abnormal operation condition is set in the train model: the running speed of the train is set to be 180km/h to approximately simulate the derailment accident of the 'Poyoma' train, after the calculation is finished, the vibration information acquired by the virtual sensor in the whole simulation process can be acquired, and as shown in the figure 2-5, the vertical acceleration and displacement information acquired by the virtual sensor of the left wheel of the 1 st wheel pair of the train can be acquired. Fig. 6-9 show vibration acceleration and displacement graphs collected by the virtual sensor of the left wheel of the 1 st wheel pair in the processes of normal operation and derailment operation in the example simulation process.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for acquiring the vibration characteristics of the vehicle parts in the process of the train derailment behavior is characterized by acquiring the vibration characteristics of the vehicle parts of a target vehicle, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a train dynamic model, and correspondingly arranging virtual sensors on a wheel set and a bogie;
step 2: according to the target operation condition, setting the operation environment of the train dynamics model established in the step 1, wherein the operation environment comprises the operation speed, the operation line and the rail irregularity grade;
and step 3: setting an abnormal operation condition of the train in the dynamic model;
and 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out simulation analysis on the result of the step (3) and acquiring simulation data, wherein the simulation data comprises virtual sensor data of a plurality of wheel pairs and sensor data of a plurality of bogies.
2. The method for acquiring the vibration characteristics of the vehicle component in the process of the train derailment behavior according to claim 1, wherein the sampling frequency and the data acquisition time of the virtual sensor in the step 1 are set, and in the step 4, the vibration acceleration, the displacement, the rotation angle, the spring force and the wheel-rail force data information of the virtual sensor are calculated according to the vibration transmission relationship of a vehicle system.
3. The method for obtaining vibration characteristics of vehicle components during a train derailment behavior according to claim 1, wherein the derailment accident cases are classified according to abnormal operation conditions, and the classification includes train curve overspeed and S-curve braking.
4. The method for obtaining vibration characteristics of vehicle components during train derailment behavior according to claim 1, wherein the train dynamic model in step 1 is implemented by a multi-body dynamic simulation tool (such as SIMPACK).
5. The method for acquiring the vibration characteristics of the vehicle components in the process of the train derailment behavior according to claim 4, wherein a vehicle running virtual animation in simulation time is generated based on the simulation data of the multi-body dynamics simulation tool in the step 4, the time period of the train generating the abnormal running working condition in the simulation time is judged, the vibration information of the vehicle components of the multi-wheel pair and the multi-bogie in the time period of the abnormal running working condition is collected, and a vibration information result is output.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112555055A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-26 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Liquid rocket engine impact load structure response prediction method |
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| CN101051393A (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2007-10-10 | 西南交通大学 | Visual simulating method for dynamic contact of railway rolling stock wheel and rail |
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