CN111425756A - 用于为罐充注加压气体的设备和方法 - Google Patents

用于为罐充注加压气体的设备和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111425756A
CN111425756A CN202010017321.8A CN202010017321A CN111425756A CN 111425756 A CN111425756 A CN 111425756A CN 202010017321 A CN202010017321 A CN 202010017321A CN 111425756 A CN111425756 A CN 111425756A
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Prior art keywords
loop
tank
compressor
buffer
gas
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CN202010017321.8A
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CN111425756B (zh
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T·弗朗索瓦
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F17C13/045—Automatic change-over switching assembly for bottled gas systems with two (or more) gas containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/005—Storage of gas or gaseous mixture at high pressure and at high density condition, e.g. in the single state phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03309—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels
    • B60K2015/03315—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels for hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0364—Pipes flexible or articulated, e.g. a hose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/041—Methods for emptying or filling vessel by vessel
    • F17C2227/042—Methods for emptying or filling vessel by vessel with change-over from one vessel to another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/043—Methods for emptying or filling by pressure cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/01—Intermediate tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
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    • F17C2270/0178—Cars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于为罐充注加压气体的设备和方法，设备包括至少一个气体源和输送线路，输送线路包括连接至源的至少一个上游端部和旨在以可移除方式连接至罐的至少一个下游端部，输送线路在其上游端部和下游端部之间包括一组缓冲储器，缓冲储器经由连接阀并联连接至输送线路，输送线路包括形成环路的管线，多个缓冲储器并联连接至环路，输送线路包括多个独立的下游端部，每个下游端部旨在以可移除方式连接至待充注罐，下游端部并联连接至环路并且包括一组链接阀，对连接阀和链接阀的控制能够使至少一个第一缓冲储器经由环路与第一下游端部流体连通，同时使至少一个第二缓冲储器经由环路与第二下游端部流体连通，和/或使两个独立的缓冲储器流体连通。

Description

用于为罐充注加压气体的设备和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于为罐充注加压气体的设备和方法。
更特别地，本发明涉及一种用于为罐充注加压气体的设备，该罐特别是机动车辆的氢气罐，该设备包括至少一个气体源、输送线路，该输送线路包括连接至所述源的至少一个上游端部和用于以可移除的方式连接至待被充注的罐的至少一个下游端部，该输送线路在其上游端部与下游端部之间还包括一组缓冲储器，该组缓冲储器经由一组相应的连接阀并联连接至输送线路，输送线路包括形成环路的管线部分，多个缓冲储器并联连接至所述环路。
背景技术
已知通过平衡作用或级联(具有一个或多个缓冲储器)和/或通过直接或间接压缩(参考例如JP20031742497或FR 2 891 347 A)为罐充注加压气体。
在大多数已知设备中，对用于充注的缓冲储器的充注仅在罐已被充注之后才是可行的。
此外，已知设备使得能够同时充注多个罐，但是针对具有相同初始压力条件的多个罐。对于具有不同的初始压力条件的多个罐的同时充注而言仅在大型且昂贵的装置(用于每个充注管线的专用压力源)的成本下才是可行的。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是克服现有技术的上述缺点中的全部的或一些。
为此，根据本发明而且按照以上前序部分给出的通用定义的设备的基本特征在于，该输送线路包括多个独立的下游端部，每个下游端部均旨在以可移除的方式连接至待充注的相应罐，所述下游端部并联连接至所述环路并且包括一组相应的链接阀，从而对连接阀和链接阀的控制能够使至少一个第一缓冲储器经由环路与第一下游端部流体连通，并且同时使至少一个第二缓冲储器经由环路与第二下游端部流体连通，和/或使两个独立的缓冲储器流体连通。
此外，本发明的实施例可包括一个或多个以下特征：
-输送线路的环路包括一组隔离阀，该组隔离阀配置成根据它们的关闭/打开状态通过控制环路中的循环方向来阻止或允许环路中的流体循环至缓冲储器或自缓冲储器流出，
-该组隔离阀针对每个缓冲储器均包括两个阀，这两个阀分别位于该缓冲储器与环路连接处的两侧上，
-该环路包括位于下游端部与环路的两个相邻连接处之间的至少一个阀，
-所述输送线路包括至少一个压缩机，所述至少一个压缩机包括用于待被压缩的气体的入口、和压缩气体出口，所述入口连接至以下中的至少一者：所述源、至少一个缓冲储器，所述压缩气体出口连接至以下中的至少一者：至少一个缓冲储器、该输送线路的多个下游端部中的至少一个下游端部，
-该设备包括在所述源与所述环路之间串联地定位在输送线路中的至少一个压缩机，换言之，所述压缩机的入口连接至所述源并且所述压缩机的出口连接至所述环路，以使得能够经由所述环路为所有或一些缓冲储器和/或所述输送线路的所有或一些下游端部供应压缩气体，
-该设备包括位于所述输送线路中的至少一个压缩机，所述压缩机的入口连接至所述环路的一部分并且所述压缩机的出口连接至所述环路的另一部分，以使得能够经由环路为压缩机的入口供应源自所述源和/或来自至少一个缓冲储器的流体，并且使得能够经由环路为所有或一些其他缓冲储器和/或输送线路的所有或一些下游端部供给被压缩机压缩的气体，
-所述设备包括并联地或串联地定位于该输送线路中的两个压缩机。
本发明还涉及一种使用根据上述或下述特征中的任一者的设备为罐充注加压气体的方法，该罐特别是机动车辆的氢气罐，该方法包括经由环路的第一部分将加压气体输送到连接至输送线路的第一下游端部的第一罐的阶段/步骤。
根据其他可能的不同特征：
-该方法包括与将加压气体输送到第一罐的阶段同时进行的经由环路的第二部分将加压气体输送到连接至输送线路的第二下游端部的第二罐的阶段，
-在将加压气体输送到第二罐的阶段期间，通过至少一个缓冲储器、特别是在级联中相继使用的多个缓冲储器和/或通过压缩机提供加压气体，
-该方法包括与将加压气体输送到第一罐的阶段同时进行的经由环路的另一部分将加压气体输送到至少一个缓冲储器的阶段，
-在将加压气体输送到至少一个缓冲储器的阶段期间，通过至少一个缓冲储器、特别是在级联中相继使用的多个缓冲储器和/或通过压缩机提供加压气体，
-在将加压气体输送至第一罐的阶段期间，通过至少一个缓冲储器、特别是在级联中相继使用的多个缓冲储器和/或通过压缩机提供加压气体。
本发明还可以涉及包括在权利要求范围内的上述或下述特征的任何组合的任何替代设备或方法。
附图说明
在阅读以下参考附图的描述后，其它不同的特征和优点将显现，在附图中：
图1是示出根据本发明的设备的第一实施例的结构和操作的示意性局部图；
图2是示出根据本发明的设备的第二实施例的结构和操作的示意性局部图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了用于为罐充注加压气体的设备1(例如加油站)，其包括气体源2和输送线路3，该输送线路包括连接至源2的至少一个上游端部和旨在以可移除的方式连接至相应的待充注的罐5的多个下游端部4。
源2可包括一个或多个加压气体罐和/或一个或多个液化气体储器(与蒸发***相关联或不相关联)、一个或多个电解装置和/或任何其他合适的加压气体源。
输送线路3在其上游端部与其下游端部之间包括形成环路12的一部分管线，也就是说，该环路12由管线的使加压气体能在连接至环路12的分离的点的两个元件之间沿一个方向(或沿相反的方向)循环的一个或多个区段构成。例如，理论上，气体可通过该环路并且通过沿一个方向循环或者沿相反方向循环而返回至起点。
该输送线路3包括一组缓冲储器6-11，其经由一组相应的连接阀16-21并联地连接至输送线路3。更具体地，这些缓冲储器6-11被并联地连接至所述环路12，也就是说，这些缓冲储器(在本示例中为六个)中的每一个均能经由环路12流体连接至其他缓冲储罐(其中气体在环路12中沿一个方向流动或沿另一个方向流动)。
同样地，输送线路3的下游端部4(在本示例中为三个)并联地连接至所述环路12。优选地，每个所述下游端部均包括相应的链接阀40、140、240。
因此，控制连接阀16-21和控制链接阀40、140、240使得能够经由环路12使每个缓冲储器与每个第一下游端部4流体连通(或不流体连通)。同样，对阀的这种相同控制能够使得至少一个第一缓冲储器经由环路12与第一下游端部流体连通，并且同时使至少一个第二缓冲储器经由环路12与第二下游端部流体连通和/或使两个独立的缓冲储器流体连通，换言之，这种架构使得能够同时从不同的各缓冲储器充注多个罐5。同样，这使得能够在适当时同时充注一个或多个缓冲储器。
因此，输送线路3的环路12优选包括一组隔离阀13，该组隔离阀配置成根据它们的关闭/打开状态来通过控制在环路12中的循环方向而阻止或允许环路12中的流体循环至缓冲储器或从缓冲储器流出。
例如，该组隔离阀13针对每个缓冲储器包括分别位于缓冲储器与环路12的连接处的两侧上的两个阀13。因此，通过关闭这两个阀13来关闭通向缓冲储器的通路。在打开这两个阀中的一个阀的情况下，流体可以在环路12和位于该打开的阀的一侧上的缓冲储器之间循环，而不会影响到关闭的另一个阀下游/之后的相邻的缓冲储器。
同样，如图1所示，环路12优选包括位于下游端部4与环路12的两个相邻连接处之间的阀23。在关闭位置，该阀23使得能够(经由环路的其中气体沿第一循环方向循环的部分)为位于该阀一侧上的下游端部4给料，并且同时，(经由环路12的其中气体沿与第一循环方向相反的方向循环的另一部分)为位于该阀23的另一侧上的下游端部4给料。
输送线路3可有利地包括串联地定位于源2与环路12之间的至少一个压缩机15。如图1所示，该输送线路可特别地包括由并联安装在源2与环路12之间的两个压缩机15、22(或更多个压缩机)构成的压缩机组。
因此，压缩机15包括连接至源2的用于待被压缩的气体的入口和连接至环路12(并且因此连接至缓冲储器和连接至线路的下游端部4)的压缩气体出口。
因此，通过控制适当的阀的打开，能够使用压缩机15来充注一个或多个缓冲储器和/或为一个或多个下游端部4给料，而与此同时例如其他缓冲储器被用于充注其他的一个或多个罐5。
图2的实施例与图1的实施例的不同之处主要在于压缩机15、22位于环路12的“中间”，换言之，压缩机15、22的入口连接至环路12的一部分并且压缩机15、22的出口连接至环路12的另一部分。这种构型使得一方面能够为压缩机15、22的入口供给源自源2和/或来自任何缓冲储器的流体，并且另一方面经由压缩机15、22为其他缓冲储器和/或输送线路的下游端部4中的全部或一部分供给压缩气体。
因此，根据本发明的设备使得能够利用任何的缓冲储器(例如利用具有最高压力的缓冲储器)为一个或多个罐5充注加压气体，并且与此同时能够(例如经由压缩机15)(再)充注缓冲储器。
因此，一个、两个或三个缓冲储器6、7、8可用于充注第一罐5，而在这段时间中，一个、两个、或所有其他缓冲储器9、10、11利用压缩机15被充注。同样，同时，两个或更多个罐5可各自由两组相应的缓冲储器充注，而同时第三组缓冲储器通过压缩机15充注。
因此，尽管结构简单而且不贵，该设备能够实现多个罐5的多个同时进行的级联/充注。
这使得能够优化装置的充注和再加压时间。
本方案还使得能够减少每个柔性充注软管(下游端部4)所需的缓冲储器的数量。
这是因为，作为例如针对每个下游端部4(分配器)使用三个缓冲储器(400升和900巴)的替代，这些缓冲储器中的六个可能足以供给三个下游端部4(换言之，三个用于罐5的柔性充注软管)。
这种灵活的模块化共享使得能够减少约50％的成本。
这种方案还使得能够优化压缩机15的电消耗，因为压缩机可使用高压源(在图2中的情况下为缓冲储器)，这减少了它的电消耗并且增加它的输出量。
因此，该设备能够更加频繁地应用于充注操作，因为减少了在两次使用之间充注缓冲储罐所需的时间。
所有的或部分的元件(阀、压缩机等)可通过用于存储和处理数据的电子控制单元控制和引导，该电子控制单元例如包括微处理器并且尤其是计算机。通常，被输送至罐5的气体的流量和/或压力可被特别地控制，以便遵循压力/温度/密度或其他参数的(预先)确定的提升。
如图所示，该环路可不包含压缩机。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于为罐充注加压气体的设备，所述罐特别是机动车辆的氢气罐，所述设备包括至少一个气体源(2)、和输送线路(3)，所述输送线路包括连接至所述源(2)的至少一个上游端部和旨在以可移除的方式连接至待充注的罐(5)的至少一个下游端部(4)，所述输送线路(3)在其上游端部和下游端部之间还包括一组缓冲储器(6-11)，该组缓冲储器经由一组相应的连接阀(16-21)并联连接至所述输送线路(3)，所述输送线路(3)包括形成环路(12)的一部分管线，多个缓冲储器(6-11)并联连接至所述环路(12)，其特征在于，所述输送线路(3)包括多个独立的下游端部(4)，每个下游端部均旨在以可移除的方式连接至相应的待充注的罐(5)，所述多个下游端部(4)并联连接至所述环路(12)并且包括一组相应的链接阀(40,140,240,340)，对所述连接阀和所述链接阀的控制能够使至少一个第一缓冲储器经由所述环路(12)与第一下游端部流体连通，并且同时使至少一个第二缓冲储器经由所述环路(12)与第二下游端部流体连通，和/或使两个独立的缓冲储器流体连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述输送线路(3)的环路(12)包括一组隔离阀(13)，该组隔离阀配置成根据它们的关闭/打开状态通过控制在所述环路(12)中的循环方向来阻止或允许所述环路(12)中的流体循环至缓冲储器或自缓冲储器流出。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，该组隔离阀(13)针对每个缓冲储器均包括分别位于所述缓冲储器与所述环路(12)的连接处的两侧上的两个阀。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述环路(12)包括位于下游端部(4)与所述环路(12)的两个相邻连接处之间的至少一个阀(13,23)。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述输送线路(3)包括至少一个压缩机(15,22)，所述至少一个压缩机包括用于待被压缩的气体的入口、和压缩气体出口，所述入口连接至下列中的至少一者：所述源(2)、至少一个缓冲储器，所述压缩气体出口连接至下列中的至少一者：至少一个缓冲储器、所述输送线路(3)的多个下游端部(4)中的至少一个下游端部。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括在所述源(2)与所述环路(12)之间串联地定位在所述输送线路中的至少一个压缩机(15,22)，换言之，所述压缩机(15,22)的入口连接至所述源(2)并且所述压缩机(15,22)的出口连接至所述环路(12)，以使得能够经由所述环路(12)为所有或一些缓冲储器和/或所述输送线路的所有或一些下游端部(4)供应压缩气体。
7.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括位于所述输送线路(3)中的至少一个压缩机(15,22)，所述压缩机(15,22)的入口连接至所述环路(12)的一部分并且所述压缩机(15,22)的出口连接至所述环路(12)的另一部分，以使得能够经由所述环路(12)为所述压缩机(15,22)的入口供应源自所述源(2)和/或来自至少一个缓冲储器的流体，并且使得能够经由所述环路(12)为所有或一些其他缓冲储器和/或所述输送线路的所有或一些下游端部(4)供给被所述压缩机(15,22)压缩的气体。
8.根据权利要求5-7中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括并联地或串联地定位在所述输送线路(3)中的两个压缩机(15,22)。
9.一种使用根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备为罐充注加压气体的方法，所述罐特别是机动车辆的氢气罐，该方法包括经由所述环路(12)的第一部分将加压气体输送到连接至所述输送线路(3)的第一下游端部(4)的第一罐(5)的阶段。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括与将加压气体输送到所述第一罐(5)的阶段同时进行的经由所述环路(12)的第二部分将加压气体输送到连接至所述输送线路(3)的第二下游端部(4)的第二罐(5)的阶段。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，在将加压气体输送到所述第二罐(5)的阶段期间，通过至少一个缓冲储器、特别是在级联中相继使用的多个缓冲储器和/或通过压缩机(15,22)提供加压气体。
12.根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括与将加压气体输送到所述第一罐(5)的阶段同时进行的经由所述环路(12)的另一部分将加压气体输送到至少一个缓冲储器的阶段。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，在将加压气体输送到至少一个缓冲储器的阶段期间，通过至少一个缓冲储器、特别是在级联中相继使用的多个缓冲储器和/或通过压缩机(15,22)提供加压气体。
14.根据权利要求9-13中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在将加压气体输送到所述第一罐(5)的阶段期间，通过至少一个缓冲储器、特别是在级联中相继使用的多个缓冲储器和/或通过压缩机(15,22)提供加压气体。
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