CN111425298A

CN111425298A - Horizontal opposed engine

Info

Publication number: CN111425298A
Application number: CN202010322170.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王蓬波; 王平; 韩凯; 于瑞明; 于瑞兵; 孙威; 张锐; 李波
Original assignee: Xuzhou Xian Bo Engine Machinery Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Xuzhou Xian Bo Engine Machinery Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-22
Filing date: 2020-04-22
Publication date: 2020-07-17

Abstract

The invention discloses a horizontal opposed engine, which comprises a cylinder body, a piston and a transmission mechanism, wherein the piston can do linear reciprocating motion in the cylinder body, and the transmission mechanism is connected with the piston and comprises two crankshafts arranged in parallel and a plurality of connecting rods connected between corresponding connecting rod journals of the two crankshafts; the piston comprises a piston guide and two piston rods symmetrically arranged at two ends of the piston guide, and a piston head is arranged at one end of each piston rod, which is far away from the piston guide; a through groove for the connecting rod to pass through is formed in the piston guide direction, and a sliding end in sliding connection with the connecting rod is formed on the piston rod; and a cooling loop and a lubricating loop for engine oil circulation are arranged on the piston. The invention not only can realize internal cooling of the piston and improve the compression ratio of the engine, but also can increase the sealing structure on the piston rod to prevent water vapor from entering the crankcase; the functions of the two sides of the cylinder body can be adjusted according to requirements, and the loss is reduced.

Description

Horizontal opposed engine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of engines, in particular to a horizontally opposed engine.

Background

Most of traditional engines are powered by a crankshaft driven by a piston to rotate, and the engine has a parameter of a compression ratio which is higher than the performance of the engine, but the high compression ratio can bring about the problem of knocking, so that the piston needs to be cooled. However, due to the influence of the structure of the engine, the existing cooling mode is generally to add a nozzle on the cylinder body, cool the piston from the outside, hardly realize cooling from the inside of the piston, and the cooling efficiency is low. In addition, in the conventional engine, a connecting rod generates a lateral force on a piston due to swinging motion, so that the piston slightly swings in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction in a linear reciprocating motion process, and the piston swings in practice, so that although the piston head and the cylinder are sealed, a small gap exists between the piston head and the cylinder in a practical assembly manner and the piston ring cannot achieve hundreds of percent of sealing in consideration of thermal expansion and cold contraction, so that water vapor generated in a combustion process of the conventional engine enters a crankcase, and further influences engine oil and other parts. Only part of high-temperature waste gas generated in the working process of the engine is used for heating a water supply tank in winter, and the rest part of high-temperature waste gas is directly discharged, so that resource waste is caused.

The inventor has applied a patent of a double crankshaft engine (publication number: CN105927380A) which solves some problems of the conventional engine to some extent, but also has the problems in the practical use process.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a horizontally opposed engine which can not only realize internal cooling of a piston and improve the compression ratio of the engine, but also can increase a sealing structure on a piston rod to prevent water vapor from entering a crankcase; the functions of the two sides of the cylinder body can be adjusted according to requirements, and the loss is reduced.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a horizontal opposed engine, which comprises a cylinder body, a piston and a transmission mechanism, wherein the piston can do linear reciprocating motion in the cylinder body, and the transmission mechanism is connected with the piston and comprises two crankshafts arranged in parallel and a plurality of connecting rods connected between corresponding connecting rod journals of the two crankshafts; the piston comprises a piston guide and two piston rods symmetrically arranged at two ends of the piston guide, and a piston head is arranged at one end of each piston rod, which is far away from the piston guide; a through groove for the connecting rod to pass through is formed in the piston guide, and a sliding end in sliding connection with the connecting rod is formed at one end, close to the piston guide, of the piston rod; a plurality of piston installation cavities which are arranged in parallel and used for installing the pistons and providing the pistons for movement are formed in the cylinder body, and the two crankshafts are symmetrically installed on the cylinder body and are positioned on the upper side and the lower side of all the piston installation cavities; and the number and the positions of the pistons, the connecting rods and the crank throw parts on the crankshaft correspond to those of the piston mounting cavities.

Preferably, a cooling circuit and a lubricating circuit for engine oil circulation are arranged on the piston.

Preferably, the cooling circuit and the lubricating circuit on the piston introduce the oil from the piston guide position, and the oil flows back into the cylinder body after passing through the piston rod and the piston head.

Preferably, the outer peripheral wall of the piston head is provided with a plurality of ring grooves, and the lubricating circuit is communicated with one of the ring grooves; and a plurality of oil grooves are symmetrically formed in two sides of the piston guide, and the cooling loop is communicated with one of the oil grooves.

Preferably, the piston rod is detachably connected with the piston guide.

Preferably, the connecting rod comprises a connecting rod body and a sliding ring, and the sliding ring is connected with the connecting rod body in a sliding manner to form a sliding pair; the connecting rod body is provided with a rotating pair, the rotating pair and the slip ring are respectively and rotationally connected with a connecting rod journal of the corresponding crankshaft, and the connecting rod body is in sliding connection with the piston to form a five-connecting-rod mechanism.

Preferably, the piston installation cavity comprises a piston guide groove which is matched with the piston guide and used for the piston to do linear motion, and two cylinder cavities which are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the piston guide groove and are in sealing contact with the piston head; the cylinder body is provided with a piston guide groove, a main shaft mounting hole for mounting a main shaft of the crankshaft is formed in the front side and the rear side of each abdicating groove on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the cylinder body; and one end of the cylinder body is provided with a mounting groove for mounting an output gear which is simultaneously meshed with the end transmission gears of the two crankshafts.

Preferably, a cooling water channel and a lubricating oil channel for lubricating the piston and the transmission mechanism are manufactured on the cylinder body.

Preferably, the crankshafts are of a split structure, the connecting rods are connected with connecting rod journals corresponding to the two crankshafts through first rolling bearings, and the main journals of the crankshafts are rotatably connected with the cylinder body through second rolling bearings.

Preferably, the crankshaft comprises a plurality of fixed crank throws, and two crank throws positioned at two sides of the second rolling bearing transmit torque through a spline shaft.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the piston adopts a three-section type segmented structure, the piston rod and the piston head are arranged on two sides of the piston guide, and the piston rod and the piston guide are detachably connected, so that the processing and the assembly are convenient; meanwhile, the piston guide is suitable for the installation of the connecting rod, a closed slotting mode is adopted on the piston guide, compared with an opening design, the machining precision is improved, and the opening design can cause necking, so that one side of the piston guide excircle is large, the other side is small, and the precision is further influenced;

2. the piston rod can be provided with the oil seal which is tightly matched with the outer diameter of the piston rod, the oil seal is fixedly arranged at the end part, close to the piston guide groove, of the cylinder cavity in the cylinder body, so that water vapor generated after fuel oil is combusted can be prevented from entering the cylinder body (namely the piston guide groove and the abdicating groove), the water vapor is prevented from influencing components such as a connecting rod, a crankshaft and the like, and the service life of the piston rod is prolonged;

3. the structure of the piston is improved, and the cooling of the piston can be carried out from the inside by utilizing the cooling loop, so that the cooling effect of the piston is greatly improved, and the compression ratio of an engine is improved; meanwhile, the lubricating circuit can lubricate the motion of the piston;

4. the crankshaft is of a split structure, is different from the traditional crankshaft which is of an integral structure, has stronger adaptability, can rotate together with a rolling bearing, and further changes the sliding of the traditional crankshaft (the traditional crankshaft utilizes a bearing bush) into rolling, so that the friction resistance is further reduced, and the mechanical loss is reduced;

5. the connecting rod of the invention is changed from a four-connecting-rod mechanism of the traditional engine into a five-connecting-rod mechanism to form a sliding pair, thereby avoiding the problem of redundant movement of the mechanism caused by inconsistent deformation and expansion after heating because of different materials of the connecting rod and the cylinder body.

6. The cylinder body is of a horizontally opposed structure, and is simple in structure and convenient to process; the supporting seat arranged on the cylinder body can support the transmission gear and the output gear, so that the stress uniformity of the gears is improved; the cooling water channel on the cylinder body can cool the cylinder body in all directions, so that the temperature around the cylinder cavity is reduced, and the piston is ensured to move in a low-temperature environment; the arrangement of the lubricating oil channel can ensure that the piston is in an easily lubricated environment; the two are matched, so that the mechanical efficiency can be improved;

7. according to the invention, through the matching of the cylinder body, the piston, the connecting rod and the crankshaft, the piston can be ensured to do reciprocating linear motion in the cylinder body, and the cylinder cavities on two sides of the cylinder body can be used as combustion chambers, so that the efficiency of the whole machine is improved; meanwhile, only one side of the cylinder cavities on the two sides can be used as a combustion chamber, the other side of the cylinder cavities is used as a steam chamber, and steam generated by fuel oil is collected and used for acting of the steam chamber, so that fuel oil loss is reduced, and cost is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a bottom view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a rear view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a right side view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is another schematic view of the present invention from a perspective where the upper housing is removed;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the connection between the piston, connecting rod and crankshaft of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is another schematic view of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of the transmission mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the connection between the piston and the connecting rod of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the piston of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a front view of the piston of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 13;

FIG. 16 is a left side elevational view of the piston of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of a connecting rod of the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of the construction of the cylinder of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a top view of the cylinder block of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 20;

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 20;

FIG. 24 is a bottom view of the cylinder of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a right side view of the cylinder block;

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of the cylinder block with the piston, connecting rod and crankshaft installed therein in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a schematic structural view of a crankshaft of the present invention;

FIG. 28 is an exploded view of a crankshaft of the present invention;

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of a crankshaft of the present invention;

FIG. 30 is an enlarged schematic view at A of FIG. 29;

FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

fig. 32 is an enlarged schematic view at B in fig. 31.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 27, the present invention provides a horizontally opposed engine, comprising a cylinder block 1, a piston 2 capable of reciprocating linearly in the cylinder block 1, and a transmission mechanism connected to the piston 2, the transmission mechanism comprising two crankshafts 3 disposed in parallel and a plurality of connecting rods 4 connected between corresponding connecting rod journals of the two crankshafts 3; the piston 2 comprises a piston guide 21 and two piston rods 22 symmetrically arranged at two ends of the piston guide 21, and a piston head 23 is arranged at one end, far away from the piston guide 21, of each piston rod 22; a through groove 211 for the connecting rod 4 to pass through is formed in the piston guide 21, and a sliding end which is connected with the connecting rod 4 in a sliding manner is formed at one end, close to the piston guide 21, of the piston rod 22, specifically: the sliding end is an installation groove 221 which is arranged on the piston rod 22 and is positioned at the end part of the piston guide 21, and the connecting rod 4 is in sliding connection with the installation groove 221; a plurality of piston installation cavities 12 which are arranged in parallel and used for installing the pistons 2 and enabling the pistons to do linear motion are manufactured in the cylinder body 1, and the two crankshafts 3 are symmetrically installed on the cylinder body 1 and are positioned on the upper side and the lower side of all the piston installation cavities 12; the number and the positions of the pistons 2, the connecting rods 4 and the crank throw parts on the crankshaft 3 correspond to those of the piston mounting cavities 12. The piston head 23 can be fixed on the piston rod 22 by welding, and each crank portion refers to two opposite crank throws on the crankshaft 3 for connecting the connecting rod 4.

For convenience of processing and assembly, the piston rod 22 and the piston guide 21 are detachably connected, if the piston rod 22 and the piston guide 21 are connected by a fixing pin 25, specifically, mounting holes for mounting the piston rod 21 can be formed at both ends of the piston guide 21, and the piston rod 22 and the piston guide 21 are fixed together by the fixing pin 25.

Referring to fig. 11 and 12, the through groove 211 of the piston guide 21 is a closed ring structure, and the connecting rod passes through the through groove 211 and is slidably connected to the sliding end of the piston rod 2. The precision of the closed through groove 211 is easier to guarantee in machining, and compared with the opening form of a piston (CN 205744177U) of the previous generation (the opening design causes necking, so that the outer circle side of the piston guide 21 is large, and the outer circle side of the piston guide 21 is small), the machining precision is easier to improve, because the piston guide 21 is formed to be thin-walled due to the opening of the through groove 211, the precision is poorer compared with the closed through groove in consideration of larger deformation of the open through groove in machining and expansion and contraction.

In order to realize the internal cooling of the piston, a cooling circuit and a lubricating circuit for engine oil circulation are arranged on the piston 2. The cooling circuit and the lubrication circuit on the piston are respectively used for cooling and lubricating the piston head, and the cooling circuit and the lubrication circuit introduce the engine oil from the piston guide 21, and the engine oil flows back into the cylinder 1 after passing through the piston rod 22 and the piston head 23. Specifically, as shown in fig. 12, a plurality of oil grooves 212 are symmetrically formed on both sides of the piston guide 21, and the cooling circuit is communicated with one of the oil grooves 212 to introduce the engine oil; as shown in fig. 12 to 17, the outer peripheral wall of the piston head 23 is formed with a plurality of ring grooves 231, and the lubrication circuit is communicated with one of the ring grooves 231. The outer contour of the piston rod 22 is a rotating body, the end of the piston rod 22 far away from the piston guide 21 is provided with a cavity 221, the cavity 221 is of a blind hole structure, the bottom of the blind hole is communicated with the cylinder body 1, one end of the piston rod 22 close to the piston guide 21 is provided with a through hole, the piston rod 22 is fixed with the piston guide 21, the piston guide 21 is also provided with a through hole corresponding to the piston rod 22, so that the cavity 221 is communicated with the cylinder body 1, the end of the cavity 221 close to the piston head 23 is hermetically connected with the piston head 23, and the cavity 221 is of a blind hole structure, so the end of the cavity 221 is sealed by a sealing plate 224; between the end of the piston rod 22 remote from the piston guide 21 and the piston 23 there is a cooling ring 232, which cooling ring 232 is in communication with the cooling circuit. Finally, the oil in the cooling circuit flows into the piston rod 22 from the piston guide 21, flows back into the piston rod 22 through the cooling ring cavity 232 and flows into the sliding end of the piston rod to form a circulation, and the sliding end forms lubrication for the connecting rod. The lubricating circuit is communicated with the cooling circuit, the oil in the cooling circuit flows into the lubricating circuit during circulation and flows into the sliding contact surface of the piston head 23 and the cylinder cavity 122 (i.e. the inner wall of the cylinder cavity 122), and during the movement of the piston, the oil flows back into the cavity 221 of the piston rod 22 through the lubricating circuit and flows into the cylinder 1 through the cavity 221 to form a circulation.

In order to realize the above-mentioned cooling and lubricating circulation, as shown in fig. 14, 15 and 17, the cooling circuit includes a plurality of cooling inlet channels 222 and a plurality of cooling return channels 223 formed on the piston rod 22, one end of the cooling inlet channel 222 is communicated with an oil groove 212 on the piston guide 21, and the other end of the cooling inlet channel 222 is communicated with the cooling ring cavity 232; one end of the cooling return passage 223 is communicated with the cooling ring cavity 232, and the other end of the cooling return passage 223 is communicated with the cylinder body 1 through the piston guide 21;

the lubricating circuit comprises a plurality of lubricating inlet channels 224 and a plurality of lubricating return channels 225 which are arranged on the piston rod 22 and the piston head 23, one end of each lubricating inlet channel 224 is communicated with the cooling return channel 223, and the other end of each lubricating inlet channel 225 is communicated with the cylinder cavity 122; one end of the lubricating return passage 25 is communicated with the cylinder cavity 122, and the other end of the lubricating return passage 225 is communicated with the cavity 221; the outer peripheral wall of the piston head 23 is provided with a plurality of ring grooves 231, and one ends of the lubrication inlet channel 224 and the lubrication return channel 225 extend into one of the ring grooves 231. The number of the ring grooves 231 on each piston head 23 is 3, two ring grooves away from the piston rod 22 are used for mounting air rings, one ring groove near the piston rod 22 is used for mounting oil rings, and one end of the lubrication inlet passage 224 and the lubrication return passage 225 extends into the ring groove 231 near the piston rod 22 for mounting oil rings.

As a further improvement of the invention, the end part of the piston head 23 is structurally optimized, the surface of the end part far away from the piston guide 21 is a circular arc concave surface, the arrangement of the circular arc surface enables the gas to rotate, the gas and the oil are mixed more fully, a higher tumble ratio is formed, and high-speed combustion is realized.

As shown in fig. 18, the connecting rod 4 may include a connecting rod body 41 and a sliding ring 44, the sliding ring 44 is slidably connected with the connecting rod body 41 (the fit is a clearance fit, and the clearance is between 0.02 mm and 0.04 mm) to form a sliding pair, the connecting rod body 41 is provided with a rotating pair 43, the rotating pair 43 and the sliding ring 44 are both rotatably connected with the corresponding connecting rod journal of the crankshaft 3, the connecting rod body 41 is slidably connected with the piston to form a five-bar mechanism, two sides of the connecting rod body 41 are provided with guide rails 42, and the guide rails 42 are slidably connected with a sliding end (i.e., a mounting groove 226) on the piston rod 82; the crank link mechanism of traditional engine forms four-bar linkage, and the connecting rod of this application has had an extra sliding pair, consequently for traditional engine, it has had a connection pair more, and then has formed five-bar linkage, and the influence that different deformation produced is produced because of the cylinder body is different with the material of connecting rod to this kind of five-bar linkage can fine adaptation, and this kind of flexible deformation can be compensated in the setting of sliding pair, and then make the mechanism not heavy again, especially in the state of heat engine. The connecting rod body 41 and the guide rail 42 are integrally formed, so that the problem that the machine runs heavily due to different heating changes of materials due to the split type connecting rod body and the guide rail can be solved. In order to reduce the weight of the connecting rod, the connecting rod body 41 may be further provided with a weight reduction groove.

As shown in fig. 19 to 26, the piston installation cavity 12 on the cylinder body 1 includes a piston guide groove 121 adapted to the piston guide 21 for the piston guide to move linearly and two cylinder cavities 122 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the piston guide groove 121 and in sealing contact with the piston head 23, the piston head 23 is used as a sealing end matched with the cylinder cavity 122, the piston guide 21 is used as a guiding end matched with the cylinder body 1, and the movement direction of the whole piston 2 is linearly reciprocated by the limit action of the piston guide groove 121; the cylinder body 1 is provided with a abdicating groove 14 which is used for matching the connecting rod 4 to move up and down and meeting the requirement that the crank throw of the two crankshafts 3 do circular motion around the main axis of each abdicating groove, and the front side and the rear side of each abdicating groove 141 on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the cylinder body 1 are provided with a main shaft mounting hole 15 for mounting a crankshaft main shaft.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the cylinder body 1 is provided with a cooling water channel 13, the cooling water channel 13 is disposed on the periphery of the side wall of each cylinder cavity 122 at the two ends of the cylinder body 1, the cross section of the cooling water channel 13 is formed by a plurality of arc-shaped connections around the side wall of each cylinder cavity 122, taking the cooling water channel 13 on the left end of the cylinder body 1 as an example, as shown in fig. 25, the cooling water channel 13 is arranged around the upper side wall of the four cylinder cavities 122 from back to front in sequence, the upper side wall of the four cylinder cavities 122 from back to front, the front side wall of the foremost cylinder cavity 122, and the lower side wall of the four cylinder cavities 122 from front to back in sequence, as an end point; as shown in fig. 21, the depth of the cooling water channel 13 is smaller than the length of the cylinder cavity, and the cooling water channel 13 is mainly used for cooling the portion of the end of the cylinder body 1, which faces the cylinder cavity 122, so that the piston head 23 can be ensured to move in a low-temperature environment while the cylinder body 1 is cooled.

As a further improvement of the invention, a lubricating oil channel 113 for lubricating the piston 2 and the transmission mechanism is arranged on the front side wall and the rear side wall of each abdicating groove 14 on the cylinder body 1. As shown in the drawing, each lubricating oil passage 113 includes a V-shaped oil passage, a vertical oil passage intersecting the V-shaped oil passage, and a horizontal oil passage intersecting the V-shaped oil passage, both ends of the vertical oil passage respectively lead to the corresponding spindle mounting holes 15 on the upper and lower sides of the cylinder block 1, and both ends of the horizontal oil passage respectively lead to the piston guide grooves 121 on both sides of the corresponding side wall. After being introduced through the V-shaped oil duct, the oil liquid flows into corresponding main shaft mounting holes 15 on the upper side and the lower side of the cylinder body 1 through the vertical oil duct on one hand, and then lubricates a transmission mechanism (namely a crankshaft and a connecting rod); on the other hand, the lubricating oil flows into the piston guide groove 121 through the horizontal oil passage, thereby lubricating the piston. The lubricating oil passage can lubricate the piston and the transmission mechanism, and can introduce oil into the piston through the lubricating oil passage through a cooling loop arranged on the piston 2 to cool the piston 2.

The exhaust channels 18 communicated with the corresponding cylinder cavities 122 are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the abdicating groove 14 at the bottom of the cylinder body 1, and the exhaust channels 18 are arranged at one ends of the cylinder cavities 122 close to the piston guide grooves 121. When the piston 2 is installed, the piston head 23 can be sealed in the cylinder cavity 122 by the oil seal 13, specifically: the oil seal 13 is sleeved on the piston rod 22 and is tightly matched with the outer diameter of the piston rod 22, the oil seal 13 is fixedly installed in the cylinder body 1 and is positioned at the end part of the cylinder cavity 122 close to the piston guide groove 121, and the piston rod 22 is sealed with the oil seal 13 and slides linearly in a reciprocating mode relative to the oil seal. The oil seal 13 can prevent water vapor generated after fuel combustion from entering the piston guide groove 121 and the abdicating groove 14, and prevent the water vapor from influencing components such as the connecting rod 4, the crankshaft 3 and the like. The clearance formed between the piston rod 22 and the cylinder chamber 122 can store water vapor, the exhaust passage 18 can exhaust water vapor, and it should be noted that the exhaust passage 18 is positioned outside the limit of the position of the piston head 23, i.e. the piston head 23 cannot move to the exhaust passage, as shown in fig. 27, and the oil seal 13 can prevent water vapor from entering the cylinder body 1.

Because two bent axles 3 are arranged on the upper and lower both sides of cylinder body 1, the drive gear of 3 tip of two bent axles all with rotate and install the output gear engaged with in 1 one end of cylinder body, and then the transmission power, consider that the gear has length and is located the tip of bent axle, consequently its moving in-process is the state of cantilever, the root atress of gear is great like this, lead to the gear atress uneven, consequently can install the supporting seat 8 that is used for installing the flywheel at the one end of cylinder body 1, and form the support to drive gear and output gear, the drive gear of bent axle 1, output gear all is connected with supporting seat 8 through the bearing rotation, and then form the support to the gear, improve the homogeneity of gear atress.

In order to fix the crankshaft, an upper cover 5 and a lower cover 10 may be mounted on the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder block 1, and the upper cover and the lower cover may be connected to the cylinder block 1 by bolts. The lower end surface of the upper housing 5 and the upper end surface of the lower housing 10 can be provided with a docking abdicating cavity and a docking installation hole which are respectively matched with the abdicating groove 14 and the main shaft installation hole 15. The spindle mounting hole 15 and the butt joint mounting hole may be semicircular holes, and the spindle mounting hole 15 and the butt joint mounting hole are in butt joint to form a spindle circular hole. As shown in fig. 31 and 32, in order to axially limit the crankshaft 1, thrust plates 51 for axially limiting the crankshaft 1 are mounted on both the upper housing 5 and the lower housing 10, specifically, two thrust plates 51 may be symmetrically fixed on the upper housing 5 at positions close to two adjacent crank throws and at two sides of a main journal of the crankshaft, and a gap d between the thrust plates 51 and the crank throws is 0.2-0.25 mm.

With reference to fig. 10 and 27, the crankshaft 3 is a split structure, the connecting rod 4 is rotatably connected between the corresponding connecting rod journals of the two crankshafts through the first rolling bearing 32, and the main journal of the crankshaft 3 is rotatably connected with the cylinder block 1 through the second rolling bearing 35. The crankshaft 3 is arranged in a split mode, so that the crankshaft can be matched with a rolling bearing for use, a bearing bush mode is not needed to be adopted like a traditional crankshaft, sliding of the traditional crankshaft is changed into rolling, and friction resistance is greatly reduced; the first rolling bearing 32 and the second rolling bearing 35 may be needle bearings.

In order to increase the connection strength and the operation stability of the crankshaft 3, referring to fig. 28 to 30, the crankshaft 3 may include a plurality of crank throws 31 fixed together, and torque is transmitted between the two crank throws 31 located at both sides of the second rolling bearing 35 through the spline shaft 33. Two adjacent crank throws 31 are fixed in a counter-pulling mode through a plurality of bolts 37, and the bolts are respectively fixed at a connecting rod journal of the crankshaft and a main journal of the crankshaft; the bolts at the main journal of the crankshaft are in threaded connection with the corresponding spline shafts and are abutted against the corresponding crank throws 31 through first baffle plates 34; the bolt positioned at the crankshaft connecting rod journal is in threaded connection with the corresponding crank throw, a plurality of positioning pins 38 are further arranged between every two adjacent crank throws, and the positioning pins 38 are inserted at the crankshaft connecting rod journal.

Considering that the crankshaft needs to be lubricated during operation, the crankshaft 3 is connected with the cylinder block 1 and the connecting rod 4 through the rolling bearing, and therefore the rolling bearing, the connecting rod 4 and other components need to be lubricated; as shown in fig. 26, an oil passage 311 for lubrication is provided in the crank throw of the crankshaft 3, one end of the oil passage 311 extends to the first rolling bearing 32, and the other end of the oil passage 311 extends to the second rolling bearing 35; the inner ring of the first rolling bearing 32 and the outer ring of the second rolling bearing 35 are both provided with through holes, the through hole of the second rolling bearing 35 is communicated with a vertical oil duct of an outlet on the cylinder body 1 in the main shaft mounting hole 15, the through hole of the first rolling bearing 32 is communicated with an oil duct 311, oil is introduced by utilizing a lubricating oil duct on the cylinder body 1, enters the through hole of the second rolling bearing 35 and flows into the through hole of the first rolling bearing 32 through the oil duct 311; in order to facilitate the oil to flow into the first rolling bearing 32, an oil groove 312 formed on the crank throw is arranged at the end of the oil passage 311 close to the first rolling bearing 32, and the oil groove 312, the oil passage 311 and the through hole of the first bearing 32 are communicated with each other.

In order to seal the second rolling bearing 35 and further enable the oil from the lubricating oil channel of the cylinder body 1 to smoothly flow into the second rolling bearing 35, a sealing ring 39 which is a fluorine rubber O-shaped ring is arranged on the main journal of the crankshaft; in fig. 26, the rightmost side is the timing sprocket 11, and it can be seen that only one seal 39 is provided on the main journal located there in the drawing, and considering that the timing sprocket 11 is located outside the cylinder block 1, the second bearing 35 located there may be provided a separate seal structure on the cylinder block 1 to seal the second bearing 35 in place, thereby preventing oil from flowing out of the cylinder block 1 from there, and the seal structure may be implemented by a seal method of a bearing end cap in the related art, for example.

In use, as shown in fig. 1 to 8, the piston 2, the connecting rod 4, the crankshaft 3, and the like may be mounted on the cylinder block 1 as described above, and the upper casing 5, the lower casing 10, the left cylinder head 9, and the right cylinder head 6 may be mounted on the upper end, the lower end, the left end, and the right end of the cylinder block 1 by bolts. Then, the front ends of the two crankshafts 3 are respectively connected with a transmission gear through a spline shaft, and the rear ends of the crankshafts are fixedly provided with a timing chain wheel 11; an output gear meshed with the transmission gear is rotatably arranged on the cylinder body 1, the output gear is connected with a flywheel 8 through a spline shaft, and the flywheel is connected with a clutch part (the connection mode of the flywheel is the same as that of the existing engine, and the description is not excessive), so that the power generated by the engine is output.

When the crankshaft type power output device works, the piston is connected with the connecting rod in a sliding mode, and the connecting rod is driven to move when the piston reciprocates, so that the two crankshafts are driven to rotate, the output gear and the flywheel are driven to rotate, and power is output outwards. The cylinder cavities on the two sides of the cylinder body can form combustion chambers, so that the efficiency of the whole machine is improved; meanwhile, only one side of the cylinder cavities on the two sides can be used as a combustion chamber, the other side of the cylinder cavities is used as a steam chamber, and steam generated by fuel oil is collected and used for acting of the steam chamber, so that fuel oil loss is reduced, and cost is reduced. Specifically, a cylinder cavity on the left side of the cylinder body can be used as a steam chamber, a cylinder cavity on the right side can be used as a combustion chamber, at this time, a cooling water channel 13 at the left end of the cylinder body 1 can be used as an air heat insulation layer, a first oil inlet 111 is formed in the upper left corner of the upper surface of the cylinder body 1, a first oil outlet 116 communicated with the first oil inlet 111 is formed in the left side of the cylinder body 1, and oil is conveyed to the left end cover 9 through the first oil inlet 111 and the first oil; correspondingly, a water inlet 114 communicated with the right-end cooling water channel 13 is formed in the upper right corner of the upper surface of the cylinder body 1, a water outlet 118 communicated with the right-end cooling water channel 13 is formed in the upper right corner of the lower surface of the cylinder body 1, a cooling channel 110 communicated with the cooling water channel 13 is formed in the side wall between two adjacent cylinder cavities 122 in the right end of the cylinder body 1, a second oil inlet 117 is formed in the lower surface of the cylinder body, a second oil outlet 19 is formed in the right end of the cylinder body 1, and oil is conveyed to the right end cover 6 through the second oil inlet 117 and the second.

When the cylinder cavity is used as a combustion chamber, the cylinder cavity comprises four strokes which are respectively: 1) an intake stroke: air is sucked through an air inlet valve, and fuel is sprayed by a fuel spray nozzle; 2) a compression stroke for compressing the air-fuel mixture; 3) in the power stroke, the spark plug is ignited to burn and starts to do work; 4) and in the exhaust stroke, the burnt gas mixture is discharged through an exhaust valve.

When the cylinder cavity is used as a steam chamber, the cylinder cavity comprises two strokes which are respectively: 1) an air intake power stroke: sucking high-temperature and high-pressure steam through an inlet valve; 2) exhaust stroke: and discharging the water vapor after releasing the energy through an exhaust valve.

The specific implementation process takes two side cylinder cavities corresponding to one piston as an example, one side is a combustion chamber, and the other side is a steam chamber:

when the combustion chamber is in an air inlet stroke, the piston moves from the combustion chamber to the steam chamber, and at the moment, the steam chamber is in a steam drainage stroke;

when the combustion chamber is in a compression stroke, the piston moves from the steam chamber to the combustion chamber, and at the moment, the steam chamber is in an air inlet power stroke;

when the combustion chamber does work stroke, the piston moves from the combustion chamber to the steam chamber, and the steam chamber is in the water discharging steam stroke;

when the combustion chamber is in exhaust stroke, the piston moves from the steam chamber to the combustion chamber, and the steam chamber is in intake power stroke.

In addition, in order to improve convenience in mounting the entire engine, a hanger for lifting may be mounted on the cylinder block. Specifically, the four hanging brackets are symmetrically arranged on the cylinder body and located on the left side and the right side of the upper cover shell through bolts, four groups of third fixing holes can be formed in the cylinder body, each group is two, threads are arranged in the third fixing holes, and the bolts penetrate through the hanging brackets and screwed into the third fixing holes to fix the hanging brackets.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A horizontal opposed engine comprises a cylinder body, a piston which can do linear reciprocating motion in the cylinder body and a transmission mechanism connected with the piston, and is characterized in that the transmission mechanism comprises two crankshafts arranged in parallel and a plurality of connecting rods connected between corresponding connecting rod journals of the two crankshafts;

the piston comprises a piston guide and two piston rods symmetrically arranged at two ends of the piston guide, and a piston head is arranged at one end of each piston rod, which is far away from the piston guide; a through groove for the connecting rod to pass through is formed in the piston guide, and a sliding end in sliding connection with the connecting rod is formed at one end, close to the piston guide, of the piston rod;

a plurality of piston installation cavities which are arranged in parallel and used for installing the pistons and providing the pistons for movement are formed in the cylinder body, and the two crankshafts are symmetrically installed on the cylinder body and are positioned on the upper side and the lower side of all the piston installation cavities;

and the number and the positions of the pistons, the connecting rods and the crank throw parts on the crankshaft correspond to those of the piston mounting cavities.

2. The opposed horizontal engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said pistons are provided with cooling and lubricating circuits for circulation of oil.

3. The opposed horizontal engine as set forth in claim 2, wherein the cooling and lubrication circuits on the pistons draw oil from the piston guides, through the piston rods and heads, and back into the cylinder.

4. The opposed horizontal engine as set forth in claim 3, wherein said piston head has a peripheral wall defining a plurality of annular grooves, said lubrication circuit being in communication with one of said annular grooves; and a plurality of oil grooves are symmetrically formed in two sides of the piston guide, and the cooling loop is communicated with one of the oil grooves.

5. A horizontally opposed engine as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein said piston rod is removably connected to said piston guide.

6. The opposed horizontal engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said connecting rod includes a connecting rod body and a slip ring slidably connected to the connecting rod body to form a sliding pair; the connecting rod body is provided with a rotating pair, the rotating pair and the slip ring are respectively and rotationally connected with a connecting rod journal of the corresponding crankshaft, and the connecting rod body is in sliding connection with the piston to form a five-connecting-rod mechanism.

7. The opposed horizontal engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said piston housing includes a piston guide groove adapted to the piston guide for linear movement thereof and two cylinder chambers symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the piston guide groove and in sealing contact with the piston head; the cylinder body is provided with a piston guide groove, a main shaft mounting hole for mounting a main shaft of the crankshaft is formed in the front side and the rear side of each abdicating groove on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the cylinder body; and one end of the cylinder body is provided with a mounting groove for mounting an output gear which is simultaneously meshed with the end transmission gears of the two crankshafts.

8. The opposed horizontal engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said cylinder block is formed with a cooling water passage and a lubricating oil passage for lubricating the piston and the transmission mechanism.

9. The opposed horizontal engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein the crankshafts are of a split type structure, the connecting rods are rotatably connected to corresponding connecting rod journals of the two crankshafts by first rolling bearings, and the main journals of the crankshafts are rotatably connected to the cylinder block by second rolling bearings.

10. A horizontally opposed engine as set forth in claim 9, wherein said crankshaft includes a plurality of throws fixed together, two throws on either side of said second roller bearing transmitting torque through the splined shaft.