CN111421811B - Extrusion type 3D printing device and method capable of achieving Z-axis high-precision control - Google Patents
Extrusion type 3D printing device and method capable of achieving Z-axis high-precision control Download PDFInfo
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- CN111421811B CN111421811B CN202010131777.7A CN202010131777A CN111421811B CN 111421811 B CN111421811 B CN 111421811B CN 202010131777 A CN202010131777 A CN 202010131777A CN 111421811 B CN111421811 B CN 111421811B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/227—Driving means
- B29C64/232—Driving means for motion along the axis orthogonal to the plane of a layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/227—Driving means
- B29C64/236—Driving means for motion in a direction within the plane of a layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses an extrusion type 3D printing device and method capable of realizing Z-axis high-precision control. When the last layer is processed, the machine stops working, the part is finished at the moment, and the part stops on the liquid material. The equipment can process three-dimensional entities with high requirement on dimensional precision and complex internal structures, can rapidly manufacture new product prototypes in the research and development stage, shortens the research and development period of products, and has the advantages of low cost, large processing volume and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D micro-nano machining, and particularly relates to an extrusion type 3D printing rapid device and method capable of realizing Z-axis high-precision control.
Background
With the rapid development of 3D printing and micro-nano processing technologies, in order to meet the requirements of different fields and industries, researchers at home and abroad have developed various types of micro-nano scale 3D printing processes and printing materials in recent years, and the printing materials are applied to various fields and industries. The 3D printing, namely Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology is an additive manufacturing technology based on the idea of discrete build-up, a "bottom-up" additive manufacturing method of materials. And (3) connecting and stacking the materials layer by layer according to the three-dimensional digital model of the part by a computer aided design technology, thereby manufacturing the solid part. The manufacturing process is reduced from complex three-dimensional processing to a series of simple two-dimensional layer sheet processing, and the processing difficulty of the two-dimensional layer sheet is basically irrelevant to the complexity of the solid structure of the part, so that the processing difficulty of the solid body of the part is greatly reduced, and three-dimensional solid models with different shapes and structures can be completed by a uniform and automatic method, so that the 3D printing technology has the advantages of no material waste compared with the traditional processing technology, free structure design of products can be realized, the processing period is short, and the effects of energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved.
Extrusion 3D printing, also known as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), is a process that uses continuous filaments of thermoplastic material for 3D printing. The wire is fed from a coil through a moving printer heated extrusion head and deposited on an ever-growing work surface. The print head is moved under computer control to print out the desired shape. Typically, the head is moved in two dimensions, one horizontal plane at a time, and then the print head is moved vertically a small distance to process a new layer. Printing can be stopped and started by controlling the speed of the extrusion head to form an interrupted plane without cascading or balling between planes. Extrusion 3D printing is now the most widely used 3D printing process on the market. Other techniques, such as photopolymerization and powder sintering, may provide better results, but their cost is much higher.
Most of present extrusion formula 3D printing apparatus all adopt the air pump as the drive energy, and this mode advantage is that the process of accessible control air pump is opened and close and is controlled printing, and the shortcoming is that the printing precision is lower, is difficult to accomplish high accuracy control. The device for solving the problem adopts a unique mechanical structure, improves the product precision, and simultaneously can reduce the occupied space, reduce the noise pollution and the like.
This product passes through the motion of control mechanism top extrusion platform motor, extrudes the printing material in the heating material stock pipe, simultaneously, in order to solve the material accident that probably causes when printing apparatus Z axle removes and extrude, will control the motor that the Z axle removed and extrude the motor operation of platform and carry out synchro control through control system: when the equipment needs to move in the Z-axis direction, the two motors are controlled to synchronously operate, so that the material in the material storage pipe is prevented from being extruded due to distance change; when the equipment needs to print, the Z-axis control motor is locked, the extrusion platform motor operates independently, and materials are extruded.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical purpose of the invention is to provide a method for improving the printing precision of extrusion type 3D processing equipment, the processing equipment can process three-dimensional entities with high dimensional precision requirement and complex internal structure, can rapidly manufacture new product prototypes in the research and development stage, shortens the research and development period of products, and has the advantages of low cost, large processing volume and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an extrude formula 3D processing equipment, includes extrusion mechanism (1), follower (2), upper right limit dog (3), Y axle support (4), right Z axle motor (5), hot plate (6), X axle support (7), X axle transmission band (8), left Z axle motor (9), Y axle motor (10), X axle motor (11), stocker support (12), stocker (13), upper left stopper (14), driven guide rail (15), extrusion motor (16), Y axle transmission band (17), frame (18), follower support (19), follower wheel (20).
The extrusion motor (16) is tightly connected with the driven mechanism (2) through screws, and the driven mechanism (2) moves in the Y-axis direction through a driven mechanism wheel (20) and a driven mechanism support (19) which move in the driven guide rail (15) from the lower part.
The extrusion mechanism (1) moves vertically on a threaded column of the extrusion motor (16) and forms clearance fit with a smooth pipe of the driven mechanism (2), the lower part of the extrusion mechanism (1) extends into the material storage device (13), and the front end of the extrusion mechanism forms tight fit with the material storage device (13) through a rubber plug.
The stocker (13) and the stocker bracket (12) are fixed in an interference fit manner, the stocker bracket (12) is fixed on the Y-axis bracket (4) and moves in the Y-axis direction under the driving of the Y-axis motor (10) through a Y-axis transmission belt (17). The Y-axis motor (10) is tightly connected with the Y-axis support (4) through screws, and the direction of the Y-axis motor (10) is vertical to the direction of the Y-axis support (4).
Two ends of the Y-axis support (4) are respectively fixed with the right Z-axis motor (5) and the left Z-axis motor (9) through threaded rods, and move in the Z-axis direction under the driving of the right Z-axis motor (5) and the left Z-axis motor (9), and are respectively limited and fixed above by the left limit stop (3) and the right limit stop (14). The left limit stop (3) and the right limit stop (14) are tightly connected with the driven guide rail (15) through screws. The direction of the Y-axis motor (10) is vertical to the directions of the right Z-axis motor (5) and the left Z-axis motor (9) and vertical to the direction of the Y-axis transmission belt. The right Z-axis motor (5) and the left Z-axis motor (9) are respectively fastened and connected with the frame (18) by screws.
The X-axis support (7) is fastened and fixed on the rack (18) through screws, the X-axis motor (11) is fastened and connected on the rack (18) through screws, and the X-axis transmission belt (8) is fixed between the X-axis motor (11) and the rack. The lower heating plate (6) moves on the X-axis bracket (7) and moves in the X-axis direction under the driving of an X-axis transmission belt (8) pulled by an X-axis motor (11).
The motor has high transmission precision and can achieve micron-scale control; the solution tank is made of transparent resin material; the shaft guide rail is of a T-shaped structure.
The device is formed into a whole by sequentially connecting an extrusion mechanism, a driven mechanism, a right upper limit stop block, a Y-axis bracket, a right Z-axis motor, a heating plate, an X-axis bracket, an X-axis transmission belt, a left Z-axis motor, a Y-axis motor, an X-axis motor, a material storage device bracket, a material storage device, a left upper limit stopper, a driven guide rail, an extrusion motor, a Y-axis transmission belt, a rack, a driven mechanism bracket and a driven mechanism wheel from top to bottom.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial assembly view of the device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The utility model provides an extrude formula 3D processing equipment, includes extrusion mechanism (1), follower (2), upper right limit dog (3), Y axle support (4), right Z axle motor (5), hot plate (6), X axle support (7), X axle transmission band (8), left Z axle motor (9), Y axle motor (10), X axle motor (11), stocker support (12), stocker (13), upper left stopper (14), driven guide rail (15), extrusion motor (16), Y axle transmission band (17), frame (18), follower support (19), follower wheel (20).
The extrusion motor (16) is tightly connected with the driven mechanism (2) through screws, and the driven mechanism (2) moves in the Y-axis direction through a driven mechanism wheel (20) and a driven mechanism support (19) which move in the driven guide rail (15) from the lower part.
The extrusion mechanism (1) moves vertically on a threaded column of the extrusion motor (16) and forms clearance fit with a smooth pipe of the driven mechanism (2), the lower part of the extrusion mechanism (1) extends into the material storage device (13), and the front end of the extrusion mechanism forms tight fit with the material storage device (13) through a rubber plug.
The stocker (13) and the stocker bracket (12) are fixed in an interference fit manner, the stocker bracket (12) is fixed on the Y-axis bracket (4) and moves in the Y-axis direction under the driving of the Y-axis motor (10) through a Y-axis transmission belt (17). The Y-axis motor (10) is tightly connected with the Y-axis support (4) through screws, and the direction of the Y-axis motor (10) is vertical to the direction of the Y-axis support (4).
Two ends of the Y-axis support (4) are respectively fixed with the right Z-axis motor (5) and the left Z-axis motor (9) through threaded rods, and move in the Z-axis direction under the driving of the right Z-axis motor (5) and the left Z-axis motor (9), and are respectively limited and fixed above by the left limit stop (3) and the right limit stop (14). The left limit stop (3) and the right limit stop (14) are tightly connected with the driven guide rail (15) through screws. The direction of the Y-axis motor (10) is vertical to the directions of the right Z-axis motor (5) and the left Z-axis motor (9) and vertical to the direction of the Y-axis transmission belt. The right Z-axis motor (5) and the left Z-axis motor (9) are respectively fastened and connected with the frame (18) by screws.
The X-axis support (7) is fastened and fixed on the rack (18) through screws, the X-axis motor (11) is fastened and connected on the rack (18) through screws, and the X-axis transmission belt (8) is fixed between the X-axis motor (11) and the rack. The lower heating plate (6) moves on the X-axis bracket (7) and moves in the X-axis direction under the driving of an X-axis transmission belt (8) pulled by an X-axis motor (11).
The motor has high transmission precision and can achieve micron-scale control; the solution tank is made of transparent resin material; the shaft guide rail is of a T-shaped structure.
Firstly, selecting a proper liquid material according to the performance of a designed part, and pouring the selected resin liquid material into a material storage device; and importing the designed parameters and the sliced three-dimensional model into a machine, selecting the model required by the machine, starting the machine by pressing, returning the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis of the machine to the origin of the reference coordinate, and processing the three-dimensional model according to the set model by a processor in the machine. The processor controls the stocker to heat to a proper temperature, and starts to control the motor of the extrusion platform above the mechanism to move so as to extrude the resin liquid material in the storage pipe.
Meanwhile, in order to solve the problem of accidental extrusion of materials possibly caused when the Z axis of the printing equipment moves, a motor for controlling the Z axis to move and a motor for controlling the extrusion platform are synchronously controlled by a processor: when the equipment needs to move in the Z-axis direction, the two motors are controlled to synchronously operate, so that the material in the material storage pipe is prevented from being extruded due to distance change; when the equipment needs to print, the Z-axis control motor is locked, the extrusion platform motor operates independently, and materials are extruded.
When the next layer is processed, the workbench automatically ascends one layer according to the parameters to process the next layer, the machine stops working after the last layer is processed, the part is finished at the moment, the part stops on the liquid material, the worker can take down the part at the moment, and when the next part is printed, the worker only needs to press the start key.
Note that: the machine has a Z-axis origin of reference closest to the heater plate, and X-axis and Y-axis origins of reference can be set in the processor as desired.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a can realize extrusion formula 3D printing device of Z axle high accuracy control which characterized in that: the extrusion motor (16) is fixedly connected with the driven mechanism (2) through screws, and the driven mechanism (2) moves in the Y-axis direction through a driven mechanism wheel (20) and a driven mechanism support (19) which move in the driven guide rail (15) from the lower part;
the extrusion mechanism (1) moves on a threaded column of the extrusion motor (16) in the vertical direction and forms clearance fit with a smooth pipe of the driven mechanism (2), the lower part of the extrusion mechanism (1) extends into the material storage device (13), and the front end of the extrusion mechanism forms tight fit with the material storage device (13) through a rubber plug;
the stocker (13) is fixed with the stocker bracket (12) in an interference fit manner, the stocker bracket (12) is fixed on the Y-axis bracket (4) and moves in the Y-axis direction under the driving of the Y-axis motor (10) through a Y-axis transmission belt (17); the Y-axis motor (10) is fixedly connected with the Y-axis support (4) through screws, and the direction of the Y-axis motor (10) is vertical to the direction of the Y-axis support (4);
two ends of the Y-axis support (4) are respectively fixed with the right Z-axis motor (5) and the left Z-axis motor (9) through threaded rods, move in the Z-axis direction under the drive of the right Z-axis motor (5) and the left Z-axis motor (9), and are respectively limited and fixed above by a left limit stop (3) and a right limit stop (14);
the solution tank is made of transparent resin material;
the guide rail is of a T-shaped structure;
firstly, selecting a liquid material according to the performance of a designed part, and pouring the selected resin liquid material into a material storage device; importing the designed parameters and the sliced three-dimensional model into a device, selecting the needed model, pressing down and starting, returning the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis of the device to the origin of a reference coordinate, and processing by a processor in the device according to the set model; the processor controls the material storage device to heat to a proper temperature, starts to control the motor of the extrusion platform above the mechanism to move, and extrudes the resin liquid material in the material storage tube; the motor for controlling the Z-axis movement and the motor for the extrusion platform are synchronously controlled by the processor: when the equipment needs to move in the Z-axis direction, the two motors are controlled to synchronously operate, so that the material in the material storage pipe is prevented from being extruded due to distance change; when the equipment needs to print, the Z-axis control motor is locked, the extrusion platform motor operates independently, and materials are extruded.
2. The extrusion type 3D printing device capable of realizing Z-axis high-precision control according to claim 1, wherein:
the left limit stop (3) and the right limit stop (14) are fixedly connected with the driven guide rail (15) through screws; the direction of the Y-axis motor (10) is vertical to the directions of the right Z-axis motor (5) and the left Z-axis motor (9) and vertical to the direction of the Y-axis conveyor belt; the right Z-axis motor (5) and the left Z-axis motor (9) are respectively fastened and connected with the frame (18) by screws.
3. The extrusion type 3D printing device capable of realizing Z-axis high-precision control according to claim 1, wherein:
the X-axis support (7) is fastened and fixed on the rack (18) by screws, the X-axis motor (11) is fastened and connected on the rack (18) by screws, and the X-axis transmission belt (8) is fixed between the X-axis motor (11) and the rack; the lower heating plate (6) moves on the X-axis bracket (7) and moves in the X-axis direction under the driving of an X-axis transmission belt (8) pulled by an X-axis motor (11).
4. An extrusion 3D printing method capable of achieving Z-axis high precision control using the apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
when the next layer is processed, the workbench automatically ascends one layer according to the parameters to process the next layer, the device stops working after the last layer is processed, the part is completed at the moment, the part stops on the liquid material, the worker can take down the part at the moment, and when the next part is printed, the start key is pressed.
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