CN111420792B - Ultrasonic atomization grading device and method for nanoparticles - Google Patents
Ultrasonic atomization grading device and method for nanoparticles Download PDFInfo
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- CN111420792B CN111420792B CN202010239195.0A CN202010239195A CN111420792B CN 111420792 B CN111420792 B CN 111420792B CN 202010239195 A CN202010239195 A CN 202010239195A CN 111420792 B CN111420792 B CN 111420792B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B11/00—Feed or discharge devices integral with washing or wet-separating equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0653—Details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0653—Details
- B05B17/0676—Feeding means
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic atomization grading device and method for nanoparticles, and belongs to the technical field of grading of nano powder. The ultrasonic atomization grading device comprises: the device comprises an ultrafine powder solution tank, a feeding pipe, an annular feeding pipe, a variable cross-section drainage pipe, a material return pipe, an ultrasonic atomization reaction tank, an ultrasonic atomization device, a blowing device, a water mist collecting pipe, a gas-liquid separation device and a water mist collecting tank. The grading precision of the ultrasonic atomization grading device for the nano particles meets the grading requirement of the nano particles, the problems of low material liquid utilization rate, unmatched material liquid input amount and energy converter atomization amount, unmatched material liquid input position and energy converter position, insufficient water mist collection and the like of the existing nano powder grading device are solved, and the grading precision, the material liquid utilization rate and the grading efficiency can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nanoparticle ultrasonic atomization grading device and a method thereof, belonging to the technical field of powder grading.
Background
Powder particle classification is one of the key process steps in powder processing. The preparation demand of nano-scale powder is continuously increased, and the grading particle size is developed from a macro-scale to a micro-scale and a nano-scale. The particle size of the nano powder is 1-100 nm, the nano powder has the characteristics of high surface activity, low apparent density and the like, has wide application in the aspects of biochemistry, nanomedicine, semiconductor material preparation, organic printing and the like, and has good commercial application value. The particle size of the powders prepared by mechanical attritor milling is generally between the nanometer and submicron range. For example, the particle size of silicon powder after being ground for several hours is usually between 0.05 to 1 μm, and more precise nano-scale powder classification technology needs to be invented to obtain nano-scale particles with the particle size of 50 to 100 nm.
The existing superfine powder grading technology comprises centrifugal force field grading, wet electrostatic field grading, wet rotational flow grading and the like, but the grading precision of the technology cannot meet the nanometer-scale requirement. For example, the particle classification precision of centrifugal classification is 40-60 μm, the particle classification precision of rotational flow classification is about 2 μm, and the particle classification precision of electrostatic classification is 0.1-0.4 μm. The grading precision of 50-100 nm can be achieved by using an ultrasonic atomization grading mode, but the existing ultrasonic atomization grading device still has the following defects:
1. the utilization rate of the feed liquid is low, the solute of the feed liquid is easy to agglomerate in the atomization process, and the grading precision and efficiency are influenced. For example, in an ultrasonic atomizer provided in patent publication No. CN110394269A "focused ultrasonic atomization device", a spherical crown-shaped piezoelectric ceramic plate is designed to focus ultrasonic waves, so as to atomize a feed liquid at a focal distance from the piezoelectric ceramic plate. However, when the device is used for ultrasonic atomization, the feed liquid needs to be ensured to contact with the top microporous net sheet, so that the device needs to keep the atomization cavity to be filled with the feed liquid at any time to maintain normal operation. Because the feeding amount of the feed liquid is far beyond the atomization amount of the energy converter, the solute which is not atomized in time can be agglomerated, so that the utilization rate of the feed liquid is insufficient, and the grading precision is seriously influenced.
2. The fog drop collection is not thorough, and the collection efficiency of the escaping fog drops is low. For example, in an ultrasonic atomization system provided in patent publication No. CN207903947U, "an ultrasonic atomization recovery device for phosphatized wastewater", a vibrating stepped plate is used to ultrasonically atomize the phosphatized wastewater, and due to the surface tension of the feed liquid, phosphate remains in the water, and part of the water molecules are atomized and recovered in the form of droplets. Although the device has built the recovery of current-carrying field in order to realize water smoke, collecting pipe overlength, current-carrying field distribution is unreasonable, and the liquid drop of atomizing out can't in time be retrieved, leads to a large amount of water smoke can be along collecting pipe backward flow, influences the air-blower and normally works, causes the fog drop collection inefficiency, increases the equipment maintenance cost. Therefore, the reasonable flow carrying field is designed to ensure the efficient collection of escaping fog drops, and the method is worthy of research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a nanoparticle ultrasonic atomization grading device and a method thereof, aiming at the problems that the utilization rate of a material liquid is low, the feeding flow of the material liquid is not completely matched with the ultrasonic atomization power of a transducer, fog drops generated by ultrasonic atomization cannot be fully recovered and the like during ultrasonic atomization grading.
The first object of the present invention is to provide a nanoparticle ultrasonic atomization classification device, which comprises: the device comprises an ultrafine powder solution tank, a feeding pipe, an annular feeding pipe, a variable cross-section drainage pipe, an ultrasonic atomization reaction tank, an ultrasonic atomization device, a blower, a water mist collecting tank, a water mist collecting pipe, a gas-liquid separation device, a feed back pump and a feed back pipe;
the system comprises an ultrasonic atomization reaction tank, an ultrafine powder solution tank, a water mist collection tank, a feeding pipe, a blower, a blowing air passage and a gas blowing pipe, wherein the ultrafine powder solution tank and the water mist collection tank are respectively arranged at two sides of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank; the ultrasonic atomization device is arranged in the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank and used for providing an ultrasonic field to realize ultrasonic atomization of the feed liquid; the middle section of the water mist collecting pipe is connected with the top of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank, the other end of the water mist collecting pipe is connected with a gas-liquid separation device, and the lower part of the gas-liquid separation device is connected with the water mist collecting tank;
the feeding pipe is provided with a feeding flow valve for controlling feeding flow; the bottom of the superfine powder solution tank is provided with a feed back pump, one end of a feed back pipe is connected with the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank, the other end of the feed back pipe is connected with the feed back pump, and the feed back pipe is provided with a feed back flow valve for controlling the flow of feed back.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic atomizing device includes: the device comprises a circular metal sheet, a circular piezoelectric ceramic sheet, a rubber gasket, a positive wire, a negative wire, an ultrasonic drive circuit, a direct-current stabilized voltage supply, a stainless steel base, a backflow hose mounting port and a backflow hose; the stainless steel base is provided with a backflow hose mounting port, one end of the backflow hose is connected with the backflow hose mounting port, and the other end of the backflow hose is connected with the feed back pump; the round metal sheet, the round piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the rubber gasket are arranged on the stainless steel base, and the round metal sheet and the round piezoelectric ceramic sheet are wrapped by the rubber gasket and integrally arranged on the stainless steel base; the circular metal sheet is formed into a concave shape through stamping; the positive electrode wire and the negative electrode wire are respectively connected to the circular piezoelectric ceramic piece and the circular metal sheet, the positive electrode wire and the negative electrode wire penetrate through the rubber gasket to be connected to the ultrasonic driving circuit, and the ultrasonic driving circuit is an encapsulated ultrasonic atomization driving module.
In one embodiment of the invention, the feeding pipe is connected with an annular feeding pipe, and the annular feeding pipe is supported on the outer wall of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank through a rib plate and is completely attached to the outer wall of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank; a plurality of feeding holes are uniformly distributed on the annular feeding pipe along the circumferential direction, and the feeding holes are communicated with the annular feeding pipe and the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank; a plurality of variable cross-section drainage tubes are arranged on the inner wall of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank in a one-to-one correspondence manner with all feeding holes, and the cross section of the inlet end of each variable cross-section drainage tube is completely matched with the shape of each feeding hole; feed liquid flows into the annular feeding pipe through the feeding pipe and then flows into the variable cross-section drainage pipe through the feeding hole, so that accurate feeding is realized.
In one embodiment of the invention, the variable cross-section drainage tube is sleeved with the feeding hole through a flange or a welding mode and is fixed on the inner wall of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank in a welding or threaded connection mode; the variable cross-section drainage tube comprises 4 sections of structures: the first section is a gradually-expanding variable-section tube which is inclined downwards, and the section of the flow channel is changed from a circular surface to an elliptical surface; the second section is a horizontal straight pipe and is used for reducing the flow velocity of the feed liquid; the third section is a gradually-expanding variable-section tube which is inclined downwards, and the section of the flow channel is changed from an elliptical surface to a rectangular surface; the fourth section is a horizontal straight pipe and is provided with a circular arc outlet.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pipeline length ratio of the 4-section structure of the variable cross-section drainage tube is 3-4: 1: 2-3: 2, and the area ratio of a circular surface, an elliptical surface and a rectangular surface in the cross section of the variable cross-section drainage tube is 15-18: 14-17: 10-12.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the water mist collecting pipe adopts a venturi structure, and includes 5 sections, which are respectively: the device comprises a short cylindrical inlet section, a tapered contraction section, a short cylindrical throat section, a tapered diffusion section and a cylindrical outlet section, wherein the diameter ratio of the short cylindrical inlet section to the tapered contraction section is 1-2: 4-3: 1: 2-3: 1-5, the length ratio of the short cylindrical throat section to the tapered diffusion section is 1: 2-4: 1-2, the taper angle of the tapered contraction section is 21-25 degrees, and the taper angle of the tapered diffusion section is 9 degrees; the short cylindrical inlet section is provided with a nitrogen inlet, and a water mist inlet is arranged below the short cylindrical throat pipe section.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cylindrical outlet section is connected to a gas-liquid separation device, and the gas-liquid separation device includes: the nitrogen-water separator comprises a drainage liquid piece, a water mist diversion port and a nitrogen outlet, wherein the drainage liquid piece is arranged inside the gas-liquid separator, the nitrogen outlet is arranged on one side of the gas-liquid separator, and the water mist diversion port is arranged below the gas-liquid separator and is connected with a water mist collection tank.
In one embodiment of the invention, the upper part of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank is in a round table shape, the lower part of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank is in a straight cylinder shape, the top of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank is provided with a water mist collecting port, and the water mist collecting port is connected with a water mist inlet; a floor drain is arranged on one side of the ultrasonic atomization device and the bottom surface of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank.
In one embodiment of the invention, 4 feeding holes are uniformly arranged on the annular feeding pipe along the circumference, and 4 variable cross-section drainage pipes are arranged corresponding to the feeding holes one by one.
In one embodiment of the invention, 4 blowers are uniformly arranged on the outer side of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank along the circumference, the blowers are provided with air passages which are inclined upwards, and the air passages and the variable-section drainage tubes are mutually staggered and do not interfere with each other on the cross section of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the blower is a german ZHIPU heavy duty lithium ion blower.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic driving circuit is an SGWA series ultrasonic atomization driving circuit of eastern asiyi information technology ltd.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic atomization device is a 2.4MHz piezoelectric ceramic transducer manufactured by hangtai electronic technology.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for ultrasonic atomization classification of nanoparticles using the above apparatus, the method comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: closing a feed valve at the position of a feed pipe, pouring the superfine powder suspension into a superfine powder solution tank, then opening the feed valve, checking whether the feed pipe, the annular feeding pipe, the feeding hole and the variable cross-section drainage pipe are smooth or not, and cleaning the feed pipe, the annular feeding pipe, the feeding hole and the variable cross-section drainage pipe; opening a material return flow valve and a material return pump, and checking whether the material return in a material return pipe is normal;
step two: after confirming that the returned materials are normal, adjusting the flow of the feeding flow valve to be one half of the maximum flow, starting the air blower, continuously blowing air to the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank through the air blowing air passage, and simultaneously introducing nitrogen into a nitrogen inlet of the water mist collecting pipe; keeping the feeding flow valve open, after a feed liquid film is formed on the surface of the circular metal sheet, starting the ultrasonic atomization device, and checking whether fog drops escape from the surface of the circular metal sheet;
step three: after confirming that fog drops escape from the surface of the circular metal sheet, adjusting the feeding flow valve to the maximum flow; at the moment, the ultrasonic atomization device formally starts to operate, the suspension liquid flows through the feeding pipe, the feeding flow valve, the annular feeding pipe, the feeding hole and the variable cross-section drainage pipe and then is accurately fed onto the ultrasonic atomization device, fine fog drops are generated under the vibration action of the ultrasonic atomization device, and the suspension liquid which is not atomized flows to the feed back pump through the backflow hose to participate in circulation.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the ultrafine powder suspension has a mass concentration of 0.1 to 1% and a median particle diameter of 0.5 to 0.6 μm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the flow rate at the feeding valve is controlled to be 1-5 m3H; the flow velocity of nitrogen in the water mist collecting pipe is 10-15L/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention has reasonable structure, convenient operation and continuous work, and can lead the grading precision to reach the nanometer grade by controlling the solute concentration of the suspension and the working frequency of the ultrasonic transducer.
(2) The feeding is accurate, the feeding amount of the feed liquid is accurately matched with the ultrasonic atomization amount, and the feeding position of the feed liquid is accurately matched with the position of the transducer. The annular feeding pipe surrounds the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank for one circle, feeding holes are uniformly formed along the circumference, variable cross-section drainage pipes are correspondingly installed, the variable cross-section drainage pipes are variable cross-section pipelines which are inclined downwards overall, feed liquid can be uniformly fed along the edge of a circular metal sheet of the ultrasonic transducer, and accurate feeding is realized; after the feed liquid flows out, a feed liquid film is formed on the metal sheet of the transducer, so that the mist output can be improved; the timely backflow structure can enable the feeding amount of the feed liquid to be accurately matched with the working capacity of the transducer, and the phenomenon that the feed liquid is not atomized for a long time and solute is agglomerated is avoided.
(3) The fog drops are recycled thoroughly. The water mist collecting pipe with the Venturi structure generates adsorption negative pressure, and a plurality of lateral side air blowers are arranged to blow air continuously from the lateral sides, so that a water mist adsorption flow field is improved, better power is provided for adsorption and recovery of water mist, and the water mist collection rate can be obviously improved.
(4) The particles are effectively deagglomerated. The bubbling generators are arranged at the bottom and the middle of the ultrasonic powder solution tank to establish a stirring flow field, so that the dispersion state of solutes in the superfine powder suspension can be improved and depolymerized, the particle agglomeration phenomenon of the suspension is avoided, the stability of the grading precision can be ensured, and the grading efficiency can be improved.
(5) Continuous ultrasonic atomization is realized. A circulating system is formed between the superfine powder solution tank and the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank by utilizing the feeding pipe, the return pipe, the delivery pump, the flow valve and the return hose, the superfine powder suspension can be continuously and circularly treated, the utilization rate of the powder solution is improved, and the design principle of high efficiency and low waste is met.
(6) The transducer is effectively cooled. Ultrasonic atomization device in the work has obvious phenomenon of generating heat because of the cavitation, and the feed liquid of accurate input can play the water-cooling effect, avoids the overheated problem of ultrasonic atomizer.
(7) And gas-liquid separation is effectively carried out. After atomized fine liquid drops enter the gas-liquid separation device provided with the guide vanes, gas-liquid separation can be effectively realized, the liquid drops can enter the water mist collection tank under the action of the blocking of the guide vanes and the self gravity because of different mass densities of liquid and gas, and nitrogen is discharged from the outlet.
(8) The atomization process parameters are adjustable. The feeding amount and the feeding speed of the superfine powder solution can be accurately controlled through the feeding flow valve, and a reasonable working plan and a classification scheme can be formulated according to different powder suspensions and different classification requirements.
(9) The grading is stable and the grading efficiency is high. The invention separates the fine water mist from the nitrogen gas by the gas-liquid separation device, and continuously collects the liquid drops containing fine particles by the water mist collection tank. After the particles with the particle size distribution range of 0.05-1 mu m are classified, the median particle size of the particles in the solution in the water mist collection tank is detected to be 69nm, so that the classification of the particles with the specified particle size of 50-100 nm is realized, the feed liquid utilization rate is high, the water mist adsorption is sufficient, the classification effect is stable, and the classification efficiency is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the entire structure of embodiment 1.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the ultrafine powder solution tank of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an ultrasonic atomization reaction tank of example 1.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view A-A of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank of FIG. 3 of example 1.
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional structural view of a variable cross-section drainage tube of example 1.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the ultrasonic atomizing device of example 1.
Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional structural view of a stainless steel base according to example 1.
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the mist collecting pipe according to example 1.
Fig. 9 is an internal configuration diagram of a gas-liquid separator of example 1.
In the figure: 1. a superfine powder solution tank; 110. a superfine powder solution feed port; 120. a bottom bubble generator; 130. a side bubble generator; 131. a bubble generator rib plate; 2. a feed pipe; 210. a feed flow valve; 220. an annular feeding pipe; 230. a rib plate; 240. a variable cross-section drainage tube; 250. a feeding hole; 3. an ultrasonic atomization reaction tank; 310. a water mist collection port; 320. a floor drain; 4. an ultrasonic atomizing device; 410. a circular metal sheet; 420. a circular piezoelectric ceramic sheet; 430. a rubber gasket; 440. a positive electrode wire; 450. a negative electrode wire; 460. an ultrasonic drive circuit; 470. a DC stabilized power supply; 480. a stainless steel base; 481. a backflow hose mounting port; 490. a return hose; 5. a blower device; 510. a blower; 520. a blast air duct; 6. a water mist collection tank; 7. a gas-liquid separation device; 710. a guide vane; 720. a water mist diversion port; 730. a nitrogen outlet; 8. a water mist collecting pipe; 810. a nitrogen inlet; 820. a water mist inlet; 9. a material return pipe; 910. a feed back flow valve; 920. a material returning pump.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an ultrasonic atomization classification apparatus for nanoparticles, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises an ultrafine powder solution tank 1, a feeding pipe 2, an ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 3, an ultrasonic atomization device 4, a blower device 5, a water mist collection tank 6, a gas-liquid separation device 7, a water mist collection pipe 8 and a feed back pipe 9.
As shown in fig. 2, the ultrafine powder solution tank 1 is provided with an ultrafine powder solution feed port 110 at the top, a bottom bubble generator 120 at the bottom, and a side bubble generator 130 at the middle through a rib plate structure 131; the feeding pipe 2 is arranged on the side surface of the superfine powder solution tank 1 and is 20-30 cm lower than the top surface of the tank body, and a feeding flow valve 210 for controlling feeding flow is arranged on the feeding pipe 2; the feed back pipe 9 is installed on the outer wall of the superfine powder solution tank 1, the feed back flow valve 910 and the feed back pump 920 are arranged on the feed back pipe 9, the feed back pump 920 is arranged and fixed at the bottom of the superfine powder solution tank 1, and the feed back pump 920 is used for conveying the feed liquid which is not atomized back to the superfine powder solution tank 1.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the upper part of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 3 is in a circular truncated cone shape, the lower part of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank is in a straight cylinder shape, the inclination angle of the circular truncated cone shape and the straight-through is 120-135 degrees, the top of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 3 is provided with a water mist collecting port 310, and the diameter ratio of the water mist collecting port 310 to the straight cylinder at the lower part of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank is 1: 3.5-4; the feeding pipe 2 is connected with an annular feeding pipe 220, the annular feeding pipe 220 is supported on the outer wall of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 3 through a rib plate 230, and the annular feeding pipe 220 is completely welded and attached to the outer wall of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 3. 4 feeding holes 250 are uniformly distributed on the annular feeding pipe 220 along the circumferential direction of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 3, the feeding holes 250 are communicated with the annular feeding pipe 220 and the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 3, and a plurality of variable cross-section drainage pipes 240 are arranged on the inner wall of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 3 in a one-to-one correspondence manner with all the feeding holes 250. The cross section of the inlet end of the variable cross section draft tube 240 is perfectly matched with the shape of the feeding hole 250. The variable cross-section drainage tube 240 is sleeved with the feeding hole 250 in a welding mode and is fixed on the inner wall of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 3 by threaded connection. The air blowing device includes: a blower 510, a blower air duct 520; the outer side of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 3 is circumferentially provided with 4 air blowers 510, the air blowers 510 blow air into the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank through an inclined upward air passage 520, as shown in fig. 5, on the cross section of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 1, the air blowing air passages 520 and the variable cross-section drainage tubes 240 are mutually staggered and do not interfere with each other.
Alternatively, the blower 510 is a german ZHIPU heavy duty lithium electric blower.
As shown in FIG. 5, the variable cross-section draft tube 240 comprises a 4-stage structure: the first section is a gradually-expanding variable-section tube which is inclined downwards, and the section of the flow channel is changed from a circular surface to an elliptical surface; the second section is a horizontal straight pipe and is used for reducing the flow velocity of the feed liquid; the third section is a gradually-expanding variable-section tube which is inclined downwards, and the section of the flow channel is changed from an elliptical surface to a rectangular surface; the fourth section is a horizontal straight pipe and is provided with a circular arc-shaped outlet, so that the feed liquid can flow out along the edge of the metal sheet of the ultrasonic transducer and form a feed liquid film on the metal sheet of the ultrasonic transducer. The diameter of the annular feeding pipe 220 is 5-10 cm larger than that of the variable cross-section drainage pipe 240, so that the circulation of the material liquid in the annular feeding pipe 220 for one circle can be guaranteed. The pipeline length ratio of the 4-section structure of the variable cross-section drainage tube is 3-4: 1: 2-3: 2, and the area ratio of a circular surface, an elliptical surface and a rectangular surface in the cross section of the variable cross-section drainage tube is 15-18: 14-17: 10-12.
As shown in fig. 1, 6, and 7, the ultrasonic atomization apparatus 4 is disposed inside the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 3, and the ultrasonic atomization apparatus 4 includes: the ultrasonic vibration generator comprises a circular metal sheet 410, a circular piezoelectric ceramic sheet 420, a rubber gasket 430, a positive wire 440, a negative wire 450, an ultrasonic drive circuit 460, a direct-current stabilized voltage power supply 470, a stainless steel base 480, a backflow hose mounting port 481 and a backflow hose 490; the stainless steel base 480 is of a disc structure, a concave area is arranged above the disc, an opening is formed in the concave area, and a supporting block is connected to the circumferential side below the disc; the stainless steel base 480 is provided with a backflow hose mounting port 481, one end of the backflow hose 490 is connected with the backflow hose mounting port 481, and the other end of the backflow hose is connected with the material return pump 920; the round metal sheet 410, the round piezoelectric ceramic sheet 420 and the rubber gasket 430 are arranged in a sunken area of the stainless steel base 480, the round metal sheet 410 and the round piezoelectric ceramic sheet 420 are wrapped by the rubber gasket 430 and are integrally installed on the stainless steel base 480, and the rubber gasket 430 can play roles in buffering vibration and waterproof sealing; the circular metal sheet 410 is formed into a concave shape by a punching process; the positive electrode wire 440 and the negative electrode wire 450 are respectively connected to the circular piezoelectric ceramic piece 420 and the circular metal piece 410, the positive electrode wire 440 and the negative electrode wire 450 penetrate through the rubber gasket 430 to be connected to the ultrasonic driving circuit 460 arranged in the stainless steel base 480, the ultrasonic driving circuit is an encapsulated ultrasonic atomization driving module, the direct-current stabilized voltage power supply 470 is arranged on one side of the ultrasonic driving circuit 460, and the normal working voltage is 12V. The floor drain 320 is arranged on one side of the ultrasonic atomization device 4 and on the bottom surface of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 1, and the floor drain 320 is used for preventing the feeding from being too fast and discharging the feed liquid fed to the outer side of the ultrasonic atomization device 4 out of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 1.
Optionally, the ultrasonic driving circuit 460 adopts SGWA series ultrasonic atomization driving circuit of Guangdong Aiyi information technology ltd.
Optionally, ultrasonic atomization device 4 adopts 2.4MHz piezoceramics transducer of hang tai electron science and technology ltd, can guarantee that hierarchical precision reaches the nanometer when its operating frequency is 2.4 MHz.
As shown in fig. 1, 8, and 9, the water mist collecting port 310 is connected to a water mist inlet 820 of a middle section of the water mist collecting pipe 8, the water mist collecting pipe 8 adopts a venturi structure, and includes 5 sections, which respectively from left to right: the device comprises a short cylindrical inlet section, a tapered contraction section, a short cylindrical throat section, a tapered diffusion section and a cylindrical outlet section, wherein the diameter ratio of the short cylindrical inlet section to the tapered contraction section is 1-2: 4-3: 1: 2-3: 1-5, the length ratio of the short cylindrical throat section to the tapered diffusion section is 1: 2-4: 1-2, the taper angle of the tapered contraction section is 21-25 degrees, and the taper angle of the tapered diffusion section is 9 degrees; the short cylindric entry section of water smoke collecting pipe 8 is equipped with nitrogen gas inlet 810, water smoke entry 820 is located short cylindric throat section below, gas-liquid separation device 7 is connected to cylindric export section, gas-liquid separation device 7 includes: the nitrogen-water separation device comprises a drainage liquid piece 710, a water mist flow guide opening 720 and a nitrogen outlet 730, wherein the drainage liquid piece 710 is arranged in the gas-liquid separation device, the nitrogen outlet 730 is arranged on the right side of the gas-liquid separation device, the water mist flow guide opening 720 is arranged below the gas-liquid separation device and is connected with a water mist collection tank 6, nitrogen is introduced into a nitrogen inlet 810, the drainage liquid piece 710 can guide fine water mist to the water mist flow guide opening 720 and flow into the water mist collection tank 6 below, and residual nitrogen is discharged through the nitrogen outlet 730; the flow rate of carrier gas in the water mist collecting pipe 8 is 3-15L/min.
The working principle of the nanoparticle ultrasonic atomization grading device is as follows: after the ultrafine powder suspension flows through the feeding pipe 2, the feeding flow valve 210, the annular feeding pipe 220, the feeding hole 250 and the variable cross-section drainage pipe 240, the ultrafine powder suspension is accurately fed onto the ultrasonic atomization device 4, under the vibration action of the ultrasonic atomization device 4, the feed liquid is atomized to escape fine water mist, and the non-atomized suspension flows to the feed back pump 920 through the return hose 490 to participate in circulation; meanwhile, nitrogen is introduced into a nitrogen inlet 810 of the water mist collecting pipe 8, an adsorption pressure difference is generated at the water mist inlet 820, 4 side air passages 520 blast air simultaneously to generate an adsorption flow field obliquely upwards, escaping fine water mist enters the gas-liquid separation device 7 along with the air flow under the simultaneous action of the pressure difference and the adsorption flow field, guide vanes 710 inside the gas-liquid separation device 7 separate the nitrogen from mist drops, the mist drops flow into the water mist collecting tank 8 through a water mist guide opening 720, and the nitrogen flows out through a nitrogen discharge opening 810.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a grading method of a nanoparticle ultrasonic atomization grading device, which comprises the following specific processes:
the method comprises the following steps: closing the feeding flow valve 210, pouring the uniformly mixed superfine powder suspension into the superfine powder solution tank 1, wherein the mass concentration of the superfine powder suspension is 0.1-1%, the median particle size of particles is in the range of 0.5-0.6 mu m, opening the feeding flow valve 210 to the maximum flow to check whether the pipeline is unblocked and clean the pipeline, and opening the return flow valve 910 and the return pump 920 after 10-15 s to check whether the return is normal;
step two: after confirming that the feed back is normal, adjusting the flow of the feed flow valve 210 to be one half of the maximum flow; starting all the blowers 510 to continuously blow air to the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank 3, and simultaneously introducing nitrogen into the water mist conveying pipeline 8; keeping the feed flow valve 210 open, opening the ultrasonic atomization device 4 after a feed liquid film is formed on the surface of the circular metal sheet 410, and checking whether fog drops escape from the surface of the circular metal sheet 410;
step three: after the fog drops are determined to escape, the feeding flow valve 210 is adjusted to the maximum flow, and the ultrasonic atomization device 4 formally starts to operate; after the suspension flows through the feeding pipe 2, the feeding flow valve 210, the annular feeding pipe 220, the feeding hole 250 and the variable cross-section drainage pipe 240, the suspension is accurately fed on the ultrasonic atomization device 4, fine fog drops are generated under the vibration action of the ultrasonic atomization device 4, and the suspension which is not atomized flows to the feed back pump 920 through the return hose 490 to participate in circulation;
when nitrogen passes through the water mist conveying pipeline 8, pressure difference is generated at the middle section opening 820 of the water mist conveying pipeline, the air blower 510 at the side position blows air through the air passage 520 to generate an adsorption flow field at the inclined upper part, and under the simultaneous action of the pressure difference and the adsorption flow field, the superfine water mist classified by ultrasonic atomization enters the gas-liquid separation device 7 along with air flow. The guide vanes 710 inside the gas-liquid separation device separate nitrogen from mist droplets, the mist droplets flow into the mist collection tank 8 through the mist guide openings 720, and the nitrogen is discharged through the nitrogen discharge opening 810.
The flow rate at the position of the feed valve 210 is controlled to be 1-5 m3H; the flow speed of nitrogen in the water mist collecting pipe 8 is 10-15L/min; the frequency of the ultrasonic atomization device 4 is 2.4 MHz.
The invention separates the fine water mist from the nitrogen gas through the gas-liquid separation device 7, continuously collects liquid drops containing fine particles through the water mist collection tank 6, detects that the median particle diameter of the solution in the water mist collection tank 6 is 69nm, thereby realizing the classification of particles with the specified particle diameter of 50-100 nm, the feed liquid input amount is accurately matched with the ultrasonic atomization amount, the feed liquid input position is accurately matched with the energy converter, the feed liquid utilization rate is high, the water mist adsorption is sufficient, the classification effect is stable, and the classification efficiency is high.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. that can be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the inventive concept should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. An ultrasonic atomization and classification apparatus for nanoparticles, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises an ultrafine powder solution tank, a feeding pipe, an annular feeding pipe, a variable cross-section drainage pipe, an ultrasonic atomization reaction tank, an ultrasonic atomization device, a blower, a water mist collecting tank, a water mist collecting pipe, a gas-liquid separation device, a feed back pump and a feed back pipe;
the system comprises an ultrasonic atomization reaction tank, a superfine powder solution tank, a water mist collection tank, a plurality of air blowers and a control system, wherein the superfine powder solution tank and the water mist collection tank are respectively arranged at two sides of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank; the ultrasonic atomization device is arranged in the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank and used for providing an ultrasonic field to realize ultrasonic atomization of the feed liquid; the middle section of the water mist collecting pipe is connected with the top end of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank, the other end of the water mist collecting pipe is connected with a gas-liquid separation device, and the lower part of the gas-liquid separation device is connected with the water mist collecting tank;
the feeding pipe is provided with a feeding valve for controlling feeding flow, and the annular feeding pipe and the variable cross-section drainage pipe are used for realizing accurate feeding of feed liquid; the bottom of the superfine powder solution tank is provided with a feed back pump, one end of a feed back pipe is connected with the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank, the other end of the feed back pipe is connected with the feed back pump, and the feed back pipe is provided with a feed back flow valve for controlling the flow of feed back.
2. The ultrasonic atomization and classification device of nanoparticles of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic atomization device comprises: the device comprises a circular metal sheet, a circular piezoelectric ceramic sheet, a rubber gasket, a positive wire, a negative wire, an ultrasonic drive circuit, a direct-current stabilized voltage supply, a base, a backflow hose mounting port and a backflow hose; the base is provided with a backflow hose mounting port, one end of the backflow hose is connected with the backflow hose mounting port, and the other end of the backflow hose is connected with the feed back pump; the round metal sheet, the round piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the rubber gasket are arranged on the base, and the round metal sheet and the round piezoelectric ceramic sheet are wrapped by the rubber gasket and integrally arranged on the base; the circular metal sheet is formed into a concave shape through stamping; the positive electrode wire and the negative electrode wire are respectively connected to the circular piezoelectric ceramic piece and the circular metal piece, the positive electrode wire and the negative electrode wire penetrate through the rubber gasket and are connected to the ultrasonic driving circuit, and the ultrasonic driving circuit is a packaged ultrasonic atomization driving module; the direct-current stabilized voltage power supply is arranged on one side of the ultrasonic drive circuit, and the normal working voltage is 12V.
3. The ultrasonic nanoparticle atomization and classification device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the feeding pipe is connected with an annular feeding pipe, and the annular feeding pipe is supported on the outer wall of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank through a rib plate and is completely welded and attached to the outer wall of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank; a plurality of feeding holes are uniformly distributed on the annular feeding pipe along the circumferential direction, and the feeding holes are communicated with the annular feeding pipe and the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank; a plurality of variable cross-section drainage tubes are arranged on the inner wall of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank in one-to-one correspondence with all the feeding holes, and the cross section of the inlet end of each variable cross-section drainage tube is completely matched with the shape of each feeding hole.
4. The ultrasonic nanoparticle atomization classification device according to claim 3, wherein the variable cross-section drainage tube is sleeved with the feeding hole through a flange or a welding mode and is fixed on the inner wall of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank in a welding or threaded connection mode; the variable cross-section drainage tube comprises 4 sections of structures: the first section is a gradually-expanding variable-section tube which is inclined downwards, and the section of the flow channel is changed from a circular surface to an elliptical surface; the second section is a horizontal straight pipe and is used for reducing the flow velocity of the feed liquid; the third section is a gradually-expanding variable-section tube which is inclined downwards, and the section of the flow channel is changed from an elliptical surface to a rectangular surface; the fourth section is a horizontal straight pipe and is provided with a circular arc outlet.
5. The ultrasonic atomization and classification device for the nano particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water mist collection pipe adopts a venturi structure, and comprises 5 sections, namely: the device comprises a short cylindrical inlet section, a tapered contraction section, a short cylindrical throat section, a tapered diffusion section and a cylindrical outlet section, wherein the diameter ratio of the short cylindrical inlet section to the tapered contraction section is 1-2: 4-3: 1: 2-3: 1-5, the length ratio of the short cylindrical throat section to the tapered diffusion section is 1: 2-4: 1-2, the taper angle of the tapered contraction section is 21-25 degrees, and the taper angle of the tapered diffusion section is 9 degrees; the short cylindrical inlet section is provided with a nitrogen inlet, and a water mist inlet is arranged below the short cylindrical throat pipe section.
6. The ultrasonic nanoparticle atomization and classification device of claim 5 wherein the cylindrical outlet section is connected to a gas-liquid separation device comprising: the nitrogen-water separator comprises a drainage liquid piece, a water mist diversion port and a nitrogen outlet, wherein the drainage liquid piece is arranged in the gas-liquid separator, the nitrogen outlet is arranged on one side of the gas-liquid separator, and the water mist diversion port is arranged below the gas-liquid separator and is connected with a water mist collection tank.
7. The ultrasonic nanoparticle atomization classification device according to claim 5, wherein the upper part of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank is in a round table shape, the lower part of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank is in a straight cylinder shape, a water mist collection port is arranged at the top end of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank, the water mist collection port is connected with a water mist inlet of the water mist collection pipe, and a floor drain is arranged on one side, located on the ultrasonic atomization device, of the bottom surface of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank.
8. The ultrasonic nanoparticle atomization and classification device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the annular feeding pipe is uniformly provided with 4 feeding holes along the circumferential direction, and 4 variable cross-section drainage pipes are installed in one-to-one correspondence with the feeding holes.
9. The ultrasonic nanoparticle atomization classification device according to claim 5, wherein 4 blowers are uniformly arranged on the outer side of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank along the circumference, the blowers are provided with air passages which are inclined upwards, and the air passages and the variable-section drainage tubes are staggered and do not interfere with each other on the cross section of the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank.
10. A method for ultrasonic atomization classification of nanoparticles using the apparatus of claim 3, the method comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: closing a feeding flow valve at a feeding pipe, pouring the superfine powder suspension into a superfine powder solution tank, then opening the feeding flow valve, checking whether the feeding pipe, the annular feeding pipe, the feeding hole and the variable cross-section drainage pipe are unblocked, and cleaning the feeding pipe, the annular feeding pipe, the feeding hole and the variable cross-section drainage pipe; opening a material return flow valve and a material return pump, and checking whether the material return in a material return pipe is normal;
step two: after confirming that the returned materials are normal, adjusting the flow of the feeding flow valve to be one half of the maximum flow, starting the air blower, continuously blowing air to the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank through the air blowing air passage, and simultaneously introducing nitrogen into a nitrogen inlet of the water mist collecting pipe; keeping a feeding flow valve open, starting an ultrasonic atomization device after a feed liquid film is formed on the surface of the circular metal sheet, and checking whether fog drops escape from the surface of the circular metal sheet;
step three: after confirming that fog drops escape from the surface of the circular metal sheet, adjusting the feeding flow valve to the maximum flow; at the moment, the ultrasonic atomization device formally starts to operate, the suspension liquid flows through the feeding pipe, the feeding flow valve, the annular feeding pipe, the feeding hole and the variable cross-section drainage pipe and then is accurately fed onto the ultrasonic atomization device, fine fog drops are generated under the vibration action of the ultrasonic atomization device, and the suspension liquid which is not atomized flows to the feed back pump through the backflow hose to participate in circulation.
11. A method for ultrasonic atomization and classification of nanoparticles by using the device of claim 4, wherein the method comprises:
the method comprises the following steps: closing a feeding flow valve at a feeding pipe, pouring the superfine powder suspension into a superfine powder solution tank, then opening the feeding flow valve, checking whether the feeding pipe, the annular feeding pipe, the feeding hole and the variable cross-section drainage pipe are unblocked, and cleaning the feeding pipe, the annular feeding pipe, the feeding hole and the variable cross-section drainage pipe; opening a material return flow valve and a material return pump, and checking whether the material return in a material return pipe is normal;
step two: after confirming that the returned materials are normal, adjusting the flow of the feeding flow valve to be one half of the maximum flow, starting the air blower, continuously blowing air to the ultrasonic atomization reaction tank through the air blowing air passage, and simultaneously introducing nitrogen into a nitrogen inlet of the water mist collecting pipe; keeping a feeding flow valve open, starting an ultrasonic atomization device after a feed liquid film is formed on the surface of the circular metal sheet, and checking whether fog drops escape from the surface of the circular metal sheet;
step three: after confirming that fog drops escape from the surface of the circular metal sheet, adjusting the feeding flow valve to the maximum flow; at the moment, the ultrasonic atomization device formally starts to operate, the suspension liquid flows through the feeding pipe, the feeding flow valve, the annular feeding pipe, the feeding hole and the variable cross-section drainage pipe and then is accurately fed onto the ultrasonic atomization device, fine fog drops are generated under the vibration action of the ultrasonic atomization device, and the suspension liquid which is not atomized flows to the feed back pump through the backflow hose to participate in circulation.
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