CN111420619B - Preparation method of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel - Google Patents
Preparation method of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111420619B CN111420619B CN202010199442.9A CN202010199442A CN111420619B CN 111420619 B CN111420619 B CN 111420619B CN 202010199442 A CN202010199442 A CN 202010199442A CN 111420619 B CN111420619 B CN 111420619B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/02—Foams characterised by their properties the finished foam itself being a gel or a gel being temporarily formed when processing the foamable composition
- C08J2205/026—Aerogel, i.e. a supercritically dried gel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2305/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
- C08J2305/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2479/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2461/00 - C08J2477/00
- C08J2479/02—Polyamines
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel, which comprises the following steps: stirring to obtain a cellulose-chitosan solution, growing conductive polymer particles on the surface of the cellulose-chitosan substrate by in-situ polymerization under an ice bath condition, and finally preparing the aerogel material by freeze drying; wherein in the cellulose-chitosan solution, the mixing mass ratio of the cellulose to the chitosan is 1: 1-1: 2; the conductive polymer particles are PANI particles. The aerogel material with good wave-absorbing performance and low infrared emissivity can be obtained by the preparation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aerogel material with infrared and wave absorption properties, in particular to a preparation method of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel, and belongs to the technical field of aerogel materials.
Background
The rapid development of modern computers and various electronic communication technologies brings great convenience and comfort to human life, but at the same time brings serious electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation can not only be harmful to health but also can seriously interfere with the normal operation of electronic products. At present, the electronic product is coated by the high-efficiency wave-absorbing material, so that the interference of electromagnetic radiation on instruments and equipment can be reduced, and a human body is in a safe radiation range, which is considered as one of effective methods for controlling pollution. In addition, in the military field, the existence of various detection means makes the survival of the aircraft under the complex detection environment extremely difficult. Therefore, it is very important to research and explore multifunctional materials with both infrared and wave-absorbing properties. The traditional metal-series wave-absorbing material has high infrared emissivity and cannot be used as an infrared stealth material.
In recent years, researches show that Polyaniline (PANI) as one of a plurality of conductive polymers has good application prospect in electromagnetic wave shielding application due to the simple synthesis method, low cost, strong adaptability and excellent physical and chemical properties, and the electrical conductivity is controllable along with the microwave frequency because of the distinctive proton doping.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel, and the aerogel material which has good wave-absorbing performance and low infrared emissivity can be obtained by the preparation method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel comprises the following steps: stirring to obtain a cellulose-chitosan solution, growing conductive polymer particles on the surface of the cellulose-chitosan substrate by in-situ polymerization under an ice bath condition, and finally preparing the aerogel material by freeze drying; wherein in the cellulose-chitosan solution, the mixing mass ratio of the cellulose to the chitosan is 1: 1-1: 2; the conductive polymer particles are PANI particles.
Wherein, in the aerogel, the diameter of the holes is 50-100 μm, the PANI particles are spherical particles, and the diameter of the PANI spherical particles is 50-100 nm.
The preparation method of the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a cellulose-chitosan solution: dissolving hydroxymethyl cellulose in water, stirring to obtain transparent and viscous fluid, adding chitosan, and stirring to obtain cellulose-chitosan solution;
(2) dropwise adding a dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing aniline into the cellulose-chitosan solution obtained in the step (1), uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, dropwise adding a dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing ammonium persulfate into the mixed solution under an ice bath condition, carrying out in-situ polymerization reaction, and after the reaction, centrifugally washing the obtained colloidal product and dissolving the colloidal product into distilled water;
(3) and (3) freeze-drying the distilled water containing the colloidal product in the step (2) to obtain the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel.
Dissolving hydroxymethyl cellulose into water in the step (1), and stirring, wherein the stirring speed is 2400-2600 r/min, and the stirring time is 2-3 h; after chitosan is added into the hydroxymethyl cellulose fluid, stirring is carried out for 2-3 h at the speed of 2400-2600 r/min.
In the step (2), the adding amount of the dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing aniline is 120.7-130 mL, wherein the concentration of aniline is 0.1M, and the concentration of the solvent dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 1M.
In the step (2), the adding amount of the dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing ammonium persulfate is 120.7-130 mL, wherein the concentration of the ammonium persulfate is 0.1M, and the concentration of the solvent dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 1M.
Wherein in the step (3), the freeze drying time is 72-74 h, and the freezing temperature is below 0 ℃.
In the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in the step (3), the load capacity of the PANI particles on the surface of the cellulose-chitosan substrate is 400-800 mg.
Has the advantages that: the method can prepare aerogel materials, wherein cellulose-chitosan forms a framework in the aerogel materials, and the conductive polymer PANI is covered on the surface of the framework in situ; firstly, the obtained aerogel material has a three-dimensional communicated net-shaped structure, the three-dimensional net-shaped structure provides an effective transmission way for induced current, and chitosan not only effectively enhances the framework supporting strength of cellulose, but also increases the interface polarization effect among different media, thereby improving the electromagnetic wave absorbing performance of the material; in addition, the porous structure of the aerogel can effectively block infrared heat transfer, so that the material has infrared stealth performance; finally, compared with the existing powder electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material is prepared into the aerogel material, so that the application range of the aerogel material is greatly enlarged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of a cellulose/PANI complex made in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the reflection loss results of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the reflection loss results of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the reflection loss results of the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an infrared spectrum of an aerogel prepared from pure cellulose and chitosan at a mass ratio of 1:1, an aerogel prepared from cellulose and chitosan at a mass ratio of 1: 2, and aerogels prepared in examples 2-3;
FIG. 7 is an IR thermal image of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an SEM image of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an SEM image of the skeleton surface of a cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a spectrum diagram of the surface C element of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel skeleton prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a spectrum diagram of the surface N element of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel skeleton prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 12 is an energy spectrum of O element on the surface of the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel skeleton prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for preparing a cellulose/PANI complex, comprising the steps of:
step 1, dispersing cellulose: dissolving 500mg of hydroxymethyl cellulose into 50mL of water, and stirring at a high speed of 2400r/min for 2 hours to obtain a transparent and viscous fluid;
step 3, dropping 120.7mL of dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing ammonium persulfate (in the dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing ammonium persulfate, the concentration of the ammonium persulfate is 0.1M, and the concentration of the solvent-dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 1M) into the solution in the step 2 under the ice bath condition at 0 ℃ to carry out in-situ polymerization reaction, centrifugally washing the obtained colloidal substance for three times by using deionized water after the reaction, and then dissolving the colloidal substance in 50mL of distilled water;
and 4, freeze-drying the solution obtained in the step 3 at 0 ℃ for 72 hours.
Example 2
The preparation method of the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel comprises the following steps:
step 1, dispersing cellulose: dissolving 500mg of hydroxymethyl cellulose into 50mL of water, and stirring at a high speed of 2400r/min for 2 hours to obtain a transparent and viscous fluid;
step 3, dropping 120.7mL of dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing aniline (in the dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing aniline, the concentration of aniline is 0.1M, and the concentration of solvent-dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 1M), and stirring at high speed for 2 h;
and 5, freeze-drying the solution obtained in the step 4 at 0 ℃ for 72 hours.
Example 3
In example 3, chitosan was added to the fluid of step 1 only in step 2 at a mass ratio of 1: 2 (i.e., the mass ratio of cellulose to chitosan in the resulting cellulose-chitosan solution was 1: 2), and the remaining steps were unchanged.
Example 4
In example 4, chitosan was added to the fluid of step 1 only in step 2 at a mass ratio of 1: 3 (i.e., the mass ratio of cellulose to chitosan in the resulting cellulose-chitosan solution was 1: 3), and the remaining steps were unchanged.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an embodiment of the cellulose and PANI composite prepared in example 1 of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the embodiment is not formed to obtain aerogel, which indicates that if only cellulose is used as a skeleton, the supporting force provided by the embodiment cannot obtain aerogel material.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 2 of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the aerogel material has a complete appearance and certain elasticity, and the addition of chitosan obviously enhances the supporting strength of the framework, and has a significant effect on aerogel formation.
FIG. 3 is a calculation result of the Reflection Loss (RL) of the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 2 of the present invention, wherein the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 6.04GHz when the sample filling degree is 40% and the thickness is 1.95mm, and meanwhile, the maximum reflection loss can reach-44.9 dB when the sample thickness is 2.2 mm.
FIG. 4 is a calculation result of the Reflection Loss (RL) of the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 3 of the present invention, wherein the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 4.12GHz when the sample filling degree is 40% and the thickness is 2.45mm, and meanwhile, the maximum reflection loss can reach-21.06 dB when the sample thickness is 2.7 mm.
FIG. 5 is a calculation result of the Reflection Loss (RL) of the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 3 of the present invention, wherein the maximum reflection loss can reach-10 dB when the filling degree of the sample is 40% and the thickness of the sample is 2.95 mm.
FIG. 6 is an infrared spectrum of an aerogel prepared from pure cellulose and chitosan at a mass ratio of 1:1, an aerogel prepared from cellulose and chitosan at a mass ratio of 1: 2, and aerogels prepared in examples 2-3; wherein CA, CCA1, CCA2, CCPA1 and CCPA2 respectively correspond to pure cellulose, aerogel with the mass ratio of cellulose chitosan being 1:1, aerogel with the mass ratio of cellulose chitosan being 1: 2, aerogel with the mass ratio of cellulose chitosan being 1:1 and aerogel with the mass ratio of cellulose chitosan being 1: 2; as can be seen from FIG. 6, 3340cm-1A wide characteristic peak appears nearby, belonging to stretching vibration of-OH bonds. Peak value of about 2921cm-1The vibration is a stretching vibration of the carbon-hydrogen bond. 1020cm-1The peak of the region belongs to the C-O oscillation. The three peaks are characteristic peaks of cellulose, and all subsequent samples are unchanged, which indicates that the main structure of the aerogels is still cellulose. In addition, the CCA1 and CCA2 samples were at 1638cm-1、1590cm-1、1414cm-1The chitosan and the cellulose have obvious characteristic peaks, and the characteristic peaks corresponding to the amide-i, the amide-ii and the amide-iii indicate that no chemical interaction exists between the chitosan and the cellulose, and only physical mixing effect exists. Finally, CCPA1 and CCPA2 were at 1581cm-1And 1480cm-1The peaks at (a) are due to C ═ C stretching vibrations of plutonium ring (N ═ Q ═ N) and benzene ring (N ═ B ═ N), respectively, of PANI, indicating successful polymerization of polyaniline.
Fig. 7 is an infrared thermal imaging photograph of the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 2 of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 7 that the sample well realizes infrared stealth, and when the temperature of the heating stage reaches 65.7 ℃, the difference between the temperature of the sample and the ambient temperature is only 0.6 ℃.
Fig. 8 is an SEM image of the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel prepared in example 2 of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 8 that the product is composed of three-dimensionally connected frameworks in morphology, forming a good conductive network.
Fig. 9 is an enlarged SEM image of the surface of the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel skeleton prepared in example 2, and it can be seen from fig. 9 that a layer of dense polymer particles is uniformly grown on the surface of the skeleton.
FIG. 10 is a spectrum of the surface C element of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel skeleton prepared in example 2; FIG. 11 is a spectrum diagram of the surface N element of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel skeleton prepared in example 2 of the present invention; fig. 12 is a spectrum diagram of O element on the surface of the cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel skeleton prepared in example 2 of the present invention, and fig. 10 to 12 also illustrate that PANI is synthesized on the substrate cellulose-chitosan by the method of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of cellulose-chitosan/PANI composite aerogel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, dispersing cellulose: dissolving 500mg of hydroxymethyl cellulose into 50mL of water, and stirring at a high speed of 2400r/min for 2 hours to obtain a transparent and viscous fluid;
step 2, adding chitosan into the fluid obtained in the step 1 according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and continuing to stir at a high speed for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 2400r/min until the chitosan is completely dissolved, wherein the obtained solution is yellowish;
step 3, dripping 120.7mL of dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing aniline into the solution obtained in the step 2, and stirring at a high speed for 2 hours; in the dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing aniline, the concentration of aniline is 0.1M, and the concentration of the solvent-dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 1M;
step 4, dripping 120.7mL of dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing ammonium persulfate into the solution in the step 3 under the ice bath condition of 0 ℃ to carry out in-situ polymerization reaction, centrifugally washing the obtained colloidal substance for three times by using deionized water after the reaction, and then dissolving the colloidal substance into 50mL of distilled water; in the dilute hydrochloric acid solution containing ammonium persulfate, the concentration of ammonium persulfate is 0.1M, and the concentration of the solvent-dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 1M;
and 5, freeze-drying the solution obtained in the step 4 at 0 ℃ for 72 hours.
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