CN111416364B - Wind farm transformation cooperative frequency modulation control method considering actual wind speed characteristics - Google Patents
Wind farm transformation cooperative frequency modulation control method considering actual wind speed characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The wind farm transformation cooperative frequency modulation control method considering the actual wind speed characteristics comprises the following steps: step 1: selecting a moment point when the secondary frequency modulation unit issues a frequency modulation instruction; step 2: determining a frequency modulation reserve capacity range of a frequency modulation point obtained by the wind power plant under an ultra-short-term load prediction model; step 3: constructing an approximate slope interval aiming at the sampled frequency modulation points of the wind turbine generator; step 4: based on the constructed approximate slope interval, a response time interval of the wind farm is calculated. The invention reduces the frequency modulation times of the wind power plant on the premise of guaranteeing the release of the effective frequency modulation capability of the wind power plant, plays a role in reducing the opportunity cost of frequency modulation control of the wind power plant and reducing the standby frequency modulation pressure of a conventional unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a wind farm change cooperative frequency modulation control method considering actual wind speed characteristics, and belongs to the field of wind power generation and the field of frequency modulation of power systems.
Background
Under the support of modern control technology, the wind farm participates in secondary frequency modulation of the power system according to the real-time wind speed level load shedding, so that the frequency modulation reserve and the flexibility of the system can be increased, the frequency modulation auxiliary service benefit can be obtained, and the method is an important method for coping with the problem of frequency stabilization caused by large-scale new energy grid connection. The main idea of the method is as follows: under the conditions of ultra-short-term load prediction and model prediction control, a secondary frequency modulation system sends a secondary frequency modulation instruction to a wind power plant and a traditional secondary frequency modulation unit (a coal-fired unit and a hydroelectric unit) at a proper moment, so that the aim of eliminating the regional power deviation (Area Control Error, ACE) is fulfilled. One specific method adopted at present is as follows: and the conventional secondary frequency modulation unit based on optimal AGC control cooperates with the wind power plant for secondary frequency modulation control.
The optimal AGC control method for the wind power plant adopts a synchronous coordination strategy, namely, the wind power plant and a conventional secondary frequency modulation unit execute frequency modulation instructions at synchronous time intervals. However, the adjustment rate and the frequency modulation capability of the wind power plant at different cooperative time points are greatly affected by the actual wind speed, and the above strategy ignores the influence of the actual wind speed change on the frequency modulation capability of the wind power plant, so that the failure of the cooperation of the wind power plant and a conventional unit reduces the frequency control performance of the power system, and seriously affects the engineering application effect of the wind power plant in auxiliary service.
Therefore, in the optimal AGC control with the wind power plant, the wind power plant can send the cooperative point and the adjusting speed information of the wind power plant to the optimal AGC control system in advance, and then the asynchronous cooperative frequency modulation control is carried out with the conventional frequency modulation unit, so that the accurate and efficient frequency modulation of the wind power plant is ensured. In actual operation, the advanced collaborative information sending method and two kinds of methods: a one-time transmission mode, as shown in fig. 2 of the drawings of the specification; a correction-iteration transmission mode is shown in fig. 3 of the drawings of the specification.
The one-time transmission mode refers to that the wind power plant acquires the wind power plant cooperative response interval delta tau at the initial moment of a real-time scheduling period c And the frequency modulation control signals are sent to a rolling optimal AGC control system, and the later wind farm frequency modulation control is responded according to the cooperative period and the speed. And the correction-iteration sending mode is to re-correct the response time interval of the subsequent wind power plant after responding to the one-time cooperation interval, and send the updated wind power plant response information to the optimal AGC control system, and sequentially iterate until the dispatching cycle is finished. However, in both the two modes, the problem that the time point of the coordination of the wind power plant is difficult to determine is faced by any mode of sending the coordination information.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a wind power plant variable cooperative frequency modulation control method considering actual wind speed characteristics. The frequency modulation frequency of the wind power plant is reduced on the premise of guaranteeing the release of the effective frequency modulation capability of the wind power plant, so that the frequency modulation control opportunity cost of the wind power plant is reduced, and the frequency modulation standby pressure of a conventional unit is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the wind farm transformation cooperative frequency modulation control method considering the actual wind speed characteristics comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a moment point when the secondary frequency modulation unit issues a frequency modulation instruction;
step 2: determining a frequency modulation reserve capacity range of a frequency modulation point obtained by the wind power plant under an ultra-short-term load prediction model;
step 3: constructing an approximate slope interval aiming at the sampled frequency modulation points of the wind turbine generator;
step 4: based on the constructed approximate slope interval, a response time interval of the wind farm is calculated.
According to the wind power plant variable cooperative frequency modulation control method considering the actual wind speed characteristics, firstly, the period of sending frequency modulation information by the secondary frequency modulation unit is considered, then the instruction sending period is used as a standard to sample the maximum power operation point of the wind power unit, finally, the sampling result is introduced into an approximate slope interval, and the frequency modulation point which needs to be carried down in the actual operation process is determined, so that the accuracy of the frequency modulation point of the wind power plant is improved, and the opportunity cost of frequency modulation control of the wind power plant is reduced.
The invention relates to a wind farm variable cooperative frequency modulation control method considering actual wind speed characteristics, which has the following technical effects:
(1): the invention provides a solution to the technical difficulty existing in the efficient synergy problem of the traditional secondary frequency modulation unit and the wind turbine generator. The method solves the difficult problems of adjustment rate of the wind power plant and calculation of the cooperative time interval in the cooperative process, and provides a technical basis for the wind turbine to assist the secondary frequency modulation unit in frequency modulation control.
(2): the asynchronous regulation and control problems existing when the wind turbine generator is connected with the grid and participates in the frequency modulation of the power system can be solved according to the method of the invention, so that the wind power plant has the capacity of realizing the frequency modulation auxiliary service under the existing frequency modulation control framework of the power system, and the problem of incompatibility of control mechanisms caused by the introduction of new frequency modulation resources is avoided.
(3): compared with the mode that the wind power plant and the conventional frequency modulation unit are synchronously cooperated with each other at fixed adjustment instruction intervals, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that on one hand, the wind power plant can timely feed back wind speed change information when facing high fluctuation type wind speed, an effective frequency modulation cooperated point is determined, the frequency modulation point precision of the wind power plant is improved, and the phenomenon of error cooperation between the wind power plant and the conventional frequency modulation unit is avoided; on the other hand, when the wind power plant is subjected to frequency modulation at steady wind speed, the method can effectively reduce the unnecessary frequency modulation times of the wind power plant, and improves the running economy and the service life of the wind power plant unit.
(4): the invention fully considers the problem of high randomness and volatility of the wind turbine generator in the secondary frequency modulation process from the viewpoint of plasticity of new energy utilization, so as to reduce the control and adjustment times in the frequency modulation process, thereby reducing the opportunity cost of frequency modulation control of the wind power plant. Therefore, the method of the invention ensures the high efficiency and economy of the whole secondary frequency modulation scheme to a great extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frequency modulation point construction approximate slope interval of a wind turbine generator system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a one-time transmission mode in the wind farm collaborative information transmission mode in the background art.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a correction-iteration transmission mode in the wind farm collaborative information transmission mode in the background art.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the maximum tracking curve MPPT and the load reduction curve MPPT-d described in step 2.1 of the embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a maximum power tracking curve of a wind farm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a maximum power tracking curve construction approximate slope interval of a wind farm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a wind farm power command issue time interval according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing asynchronous coordinated frequency modulation point distribution of a wind farm under a second high fluctuation wind speed model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing asynchronous coordinated frequency modulation point distribution of a wind farm under a flat wind speed model according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The wind farm transformation cooperative frequency modulation control method considering the actual wind speed characteristics comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a time point when the secondary frequency modulation unit issues a frequency modulation instruction, and comprising the following steps:
step 1.1: determining an XY rectangular coordinate system, enabling an X axis to represent time and a Y axis to represent power;
step 1.2: and selecting the time of the first issuing of the frequency modulation instruction by the secondary frequency modulation unit, taking an X value corresponding to the issuing time, optionally selecting a certain Y value of a positive half shaft, determining a point, taking the point as the initial issuing point of the instruction of the secondary frequency modulation unit, starting from the initial issuing point, and repeating the point taking for a time interval period by taking the length of the period time delta t of the receiving instruction of the secondary frequency modulation unit corresponding to the X axis. Cycle time Δt=5s.
Step 2: determining a frequency modulation reserve capacity range of a frequency modulation point obtained by the wind power plant under an ultra-short-term load prediction model;
step 2.1: taking the issuing time interval delta t of the secondary frequency modulation unit as a scale, sampling delta t=5s to obtain a wind power plant power point predicted value to form a discrete maximum power tracking MPPT curve, placing the discrete point diagram of the integral discrete maximum power tracking MPPT curve into an XY rectangular coordinate system, and introducing a load reduction coefficient d to form a load reduction curve MPPT-d. The graphs MPPT and MPPT-d are shown in FIG. 4.
Step 2.2: frequency modulation operating point of wind turbine generatorAdding and subtracting DeltaP based on original value as base point, drawing corresponding line segment, setting original operation point as point a, and setting the frequency modulation standby range corresponding to the operation point as [ DeltaP [ (-) a,min ，△P a,max ]Wherein DeltaP a,min ＝P a -△P，△P a,max ＝P a And + [ delta ] P. Wherein DeltaP a,min Represents the minimum value of the operation power which can be achieved by the downward frequency modulation of the frequency modulation operation point a of the wind turbine generator, and delta P a,max Representing maximum value of operation power which can be achieved by upward frequency modulation of frequency modulation operation point a of wind turbine generator, and P a And (5) the frequency modulation primary operation value of the wind turbine generator is obtained.
Step 3: constructing an approximate slope interval aiming at the sampled frequency modulation points of the wind turbine generator;
firstly, an initial point is found out on an operation point image of a wind turbine generator, the initial point is set as a, the point b=a+1, the point c=a+2, the point b is in an approximate slope interval formed by the points a and c, corresponding discriminant is met, and the climbing rate of the operation points in the interval formed by the points a to c is the same; iterating the value of c to ensure that c=c+1, and judging whether b=a+1 meets the requirement of the discriminant again; if the value of b=b+1 is satisfied, continuing to iterate and judging, and simultaneously, the value of b is always smaller than c; if the set point is not satisfied, the construction points of the approximate slope interval are a and c-1, a=c-1 is taken for iteration, the a point after iteration is taken as a turning point, and the establishment of the next approximate slope interval and the judgment of the related operation point are continued.
Judging whether the operation point b is in a section formed by the point a and the point c, and judging by the following expression:
wherein: a is less than b and less than c.
Wherein phi represents whether the operating point b exceeds the upper limit of the approximate slope interval formed by the operating point a and the operating point c by calculating the slope difference of the power-time relationship of the operating point, and when phi is not more than 0, the operating point b does not exceed the upper limit of the approximate slope interval, thereby meeting the upper limit requirement.
t a Represents the frequency modulation time, t, corresponding to the frequency modulation operating point a of the wind turbine generator b Represents the frequency modulation time, t, corresponding to the frequency modulation operating point b of the wind turbine generator c Representing the frequency modulation time corresponding to the frequency modulation operation point c of the wind turbine generator.
Step 4: based on the constructed approximate slope interval, a response time interval of the wind farm is calculated.
The wind power plant response time interval receives a frequency control instruction at a time interval of delta tau=lambda delta t (lambda epsilon Z), wherein the instruction period is a system sampling and checking period, and the time difference value on the X axis corresponding to the first point and the last point of each approximate slope interval is the required wind power unit frequency modulation response time interval. Wherein Deltat represents the time interval of the issuing instruction of the secondary frequency modulation unit, lambda represents the ratio of the response time interval of the wind power plant to the issuing instruction time interval of the secondary frequency modulation unit, and Z represents any positive integer.
To demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the method of the present invention, two sets of examples were set up for comparative analysis:
scheme 1:
(1): and based on the issuing time of the frequency modulation instruction of the secondary frequency modulation unit, sampling the maximum power generation point of the wind power plant to obtain a maximum power sampling graph shown in figure 4.
(2): constructing an approximate slope interval: by adopting the method provided by the invention, the MPPT curve is subjected to load reduction processing, the obtained operation points are numbered, the numbers are 1,2,3 and … …, the corresponding adjustable standby capacity range is defined according to the original method, and the construction of the approximate slope interval is started. As shown in fig. 5, the point with the number 1 is taken as an initial turning point, line segments AB and CD representing the frequency modulation standby range of the wind farm where the point 1 and the point 3 are located are taken as two sides of an approximate slope interval, and the point 2 is in the approximate slope interval. At this time, the point 4 is selected to replace the point 3 to reestablish the approximate slope interval, whether the point 2 and the point 3 are in the new approximate slope interval is judged, the point 3 is found not to be in the interval established by the point 1 and the point 4 according to the discriminant calculation, the interval does not meet the requirement, and the first effective interval is still ABCD. And continuously constructing an approximate slope interval by taking the point 3 as a turning point, selecting the point 3 and the point 5 to construct an approximate slope interval CDEF, judging that the point 4 is in the interval according to a discriminant, continuously constructing an interval by taking the point 3 and the point 6, judging that the points 4 and 5 are not in the interval, wherein the interval does not meet the requirement, and the second effective interval is still CDEF.
(3): based on the method, the frequency modulation time interval of the wind power plant is calculated:
as can be seen from fig. 6, the wind farm command period is the least common multiple of the conventional fm units, i.e., Δτ=λ Δt, (λ∈z). From the analysis of fig. 6, this approach is feasible, meeting the initial setup requirements. Wherein Deltaτ 1 ＝2△t，△τ 2 ＝2△t。
Scheme 2:
in the embodiment, the frequency deviation coefficient epsilon of the region is controlled based on the information of the maximum power tracking curve of the wind power plant generated by the wind speed of the wind power plant in the month 2017 1 Is 12MW/0.1Hz; the tie line power bias is limited to + -50 MW; the frequency deviation is limited to +/-0.2 Hz; the instruction execution interval is 5s. The case mainly compares the asynchronous coordinated frequency modulation point distribution condition of the wind power plant under the conditions of high fluctuation type wind speed and stable type wind speed.
Aiming at the high fluctuation wind speed and the stable wind speed, respectively drawing corresponding MPPT dispersion curves under ultra-short-term load prediction, finding out an actual frequency modulation point by applying the approximate slope interval related in the invention, and calculating the frequency modulation time interval. Comparing fig. 7 and 8, it can be seen that the frequency modulation point of the wind farm at high fluctuation type wind speed is significantly more than that at steady type wind speed, mainly because the fluctuation amplitude of the whole system at steady type wind speed is also reduced, and compared with the frequency modulation requirement of high fluctuation type wind speed period, the frequency modulation requirement is smaller. Compared with a mode of optimizing asynchronous cooperative operation of the secondary frequency modulation unit and the wind power plant, the synchronous coordination optimal strategy of enabling the secondary frequency modulation unit and the wind power plant to be at fixed adjustment instruction intervals cannot achieve optimal matching between frequency modulation standby and frequency modulation requirements.
Claims (5)
1. The wind farm transformation cooperative frequency modulation control method taking actual wind speed characteristics into consideration is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: selecting a moment point when the secondary frequency modulation unit issues a frequency modulation instruction;
step 2: determining a frequency modulation reserve capacity range of a frequency modulation point obtained by the wind power plant under an ultra-short-term load prediction model;
step 3: constructing an approximate slope interval aiming at the sampled frequency modulation points of the wind turbine generator;
firstly, an initial point is found out on an operation point image of a wind turbine generator, the initial point is set as a, the point b=a+1, the point c=a+2, the point b is in an approximate slope interval formed by the points a and c, corresponding discriminant is met, and the climbing rate of the operation points in the interval formed by the points a to c is the same; iterating the value of c to ensure that c=c+1, and judging whether b=a+1 meets the requirement of the discriminant again; if the value of b=b+1 is satisfied, continuing to iterate and judging, and simultaneously, the value of b is always smaller than c; if the set point is not satisfied, obtaining the constitution points of the approximate slope interval as a and c-1, taking a=c-1 for iteration, taking the point a after iteration as a turning point, and continuing to establish the next approximate slope interval and judge the related operation point;
step 4: based on the constructed approximate slope interval, a response time interval of the wind farm is calculated.
2. The wind farm variable cooperative frequency modulation control method considering actual wind speed characteristics according to claim 1, wherein: the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: determining an XY rectangular coordinate system, enabling an X axis to represent time and a Y axis to represent power;
step 1.2: and selecting the time of the first issuing of the frequency modulation instruction by the secondary frequency modulation unit, taking an X value corresponding to the issuing time, optionally selecting a certain Y value of a positive half shaft, determining a point, taking the point as the initial issuing point of the instruction of the secondary frequency modulation unit, starting from the initial issuing point, and repeating the point taking for a time interval period by taking the length of the period time delta t of the receiving instruction of the secondary frequency modulation unit corresponding to the X axis.
3. The wind farm variable cooperative frequency modulation control method considering actual wind speed characteristics according to claim 1, wherein: the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: taking the issuing time interval delta t of the secondary frequency modulation unit as a scale, sampling to obtain a wind power plant power point predicted value, forming a discrete maximum power tracking MPPT curve, putting the discrete point diagram of the integral discrete maximum power tracking MPPT curve into an XY rectangular coordinate system, introducing a load reduction coefficient d, and forming a load reduction curve MPPT-d;
step 2.2: adding and subtracting DeltaP based on original value by taking frequency modulation operation point of wind turbine generator as base point, drawing corresponding line segment, and setting original operation point as point a, wherein frequency modulation standby range corresponding to the operation point is [ DeltaP [ a,min ，△P a,max ]Wherein DeltaP a,min ＝P a -△P，△P a,max ＝P a +△P。
4. The wind farm variable cooperative frequency modulation control method considering actual wind speed characteristics according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, it is determined whether the operation point b is in the section formed by the points a and c, and the determination is made by the following expression:
wherein: a is less than b and less than c.
5. The wind farm variable cooperative frequency modulation control method considering actual wind speed characteristics according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the wind farm response time interval receives the frequency control instruction at a time interval of Δτ=λ Δt (λ∈z), wherein the instruction period is a system sampling and checking period, and the time difference between the first point and the last point of each approximate slope interval on the X axis is the required wind turbine frequency modulation response time interval.
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