CN111414421B - Sectional type block chain storage method and storage device - Google Patents
Sectional type block chain storage method and storage device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of blockchains, and relates to a segmented blockchain storage method and a storage device, wherein the storage method comprises the following steps: s1, dividing a block chain into block segments comprising a plurality of blocks; s2, dividing the blocks in each block section into a block containing the information of the previous block section and a common block; s3, generating a new block; s4, each node in the regional chain can participate in consensus and accounting of the regional chain only by downloading the block segment corresponding to the new block and the blocks containing the information of the previous block segment of all the block segments. The method and the device reduce the threshold of the new joining node for participating in the consensus accounting, and enable the interrupting node to quickly synchronize the block information, so that the new joining node and the interrupting node can participate in the block chain consensus accounting through shorter storage time and smaller storage space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a segmented block chain storage method and a storage device, and belongs to the technical field of block chains.
Background
The blockchain technology originates from a bit coin, is essentially a technical scheme for collectively maintaining a reliable database in a distributed and highly trusted mode, and the core technology comprises a distributed account book technology, an asymmetric encryption algorithm, an intelligent contract and the like, and has the characteristics of being distributed, transparent, traceable, highly trusted and the like.
In the existing blockchain consensus accounting mechanism, whether the existing blockchain is a public chain or a federation chain, the nodes need to store information on all existing blockchains to participate in the consensus accounting, which is the essential requirement of a distributed account book and is the most powerful guarantee for solving tamper resistance. However, at the same time, as transaction data increases, more and more information is in the blockchain, and a great deal of time and space are consumed to save copies of all data by existing nodes and newly added nodes to participate in consensus accounting, so that a great deal of resource waste is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing deficiencies of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a segmented blockchain storage method and storage device, which reduce the threshold for participation of a newly added node in a blockchain accounting, and enable an interrupt node to quickly synchronize blockinformation, so that the newly added node and the interrupt node can participate in the blockchain accounting through a shorter storage time and a smaller storage space.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a segmented blockchain storage method, comprising the steps of: s1, dividing a block chain into block segments comprising a plurality of blocks; s2, dividing the blocks in each block section into a block containing the information of the previous block section and a common block; s3, generating a new block; s4, each node in the regional chain can participate in consensus and accounting of the regional chain only by downloading the block segment corresponding to the new block and the blocks containing the information of the previous block segment of all the block segments.
Further, if the blockchain has an offline node, the offline node can participate in the consensus and billing of the blockchain by only storing the blocksegment corresponding to the new block and all the unsaved blocks containing the previous blocksegment information in the blocks containing the previous blocksegment information of the blockchain when reentering the blockchain and synchronously downloading the same.
Further, the first block in each block segment is called a segment header block, which is a block containing the segment information of the previous block, and all segment header blocks are connected in a manner of storing the segment information of the previous segment header block.
Further, the common block comprises a block head and a block body; the head block comprises a block head, a block body and a block tail, and the information of the head block of the previous section is stored in the block tail of the head block.
Further, the block header includes: the version number, the hash address of the last chunk, the hash value of the merck root of the transaction in that chunk, the creation timestamp of that chunk, the consensus target, and the random parameter; the block body comprises: the number of bytes occupied by the transaction amount, the transaction amount and the transaction data; the block tail comprises: the segment number, the hash address of the preceding segment header chunk, the hash value of the merck root of the transaction in the chunk, the creation timestamp of the chunk, the consensus target of the segment header chunk, and the random parameters.
Further, the common knowledge of the blockchain adopts a workload proving mechanism, and the generation speed of the new block is adjusted by adjusting the workload proving difficulty of the common block and the workload proving difficulty of the segment head block.
Further, the workload proving difficulty of the common blocks in each block section is the same as the workload proving difficulty of the head blocks, and the workload proving difficulty of the common blocks in different block sections is different from the workload proving difficulty of the head blocks, namely, the workload proving difficulty of the common blocks and the workload proving difficulty of the head blocks are adjusted when the next block section is entered.
Further, the specific process of generating the new block in step S3 is: for a common block, after the node passes the workload certification, independently packing the transaction record into a new block; for the head block, the node stores the workload evidence of the hash address of the last block and the workload evidence of the hash address of the head block, and independently packages the transaction record into a new block; each node independently checks for new blocks and assembles the new blocks into a blockchain.
Further, in step S4, each node independently selects a blockchain, and selects a blockchain with the largest accumulated workload of the head blocks of the download segment and the largest accumulated workload of the latest segment under the workload proving mechanism.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also discloses a segmented block chain storage device, which comprises: a blockchain segmentation module for dividing a blockchain into blocksegments comprising a plurality of blocks; the block segment separation module is used for dividing the blocks in each block segment into a block containing the information of the previous block segment and a common block; the block generation module is used for generating a new block; and the node downloading module is used for the nodes in the blockchain to download the block segments corresponding to the new block and the blocks containing the information of the previous block segment of all the block segments, and can participate in the consensus and accounting of the blockchain.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method and the device reduce the threshold of the new joining node for participating in the consensus accounting, and enable the interrupting node to quickly synchronize the block information, so that the new joining node and the interrupting node can participate in the block chain consensus accounting through shorter storage time and smaller storage space.
2. The newly added node can participate in the consensus and accounting of the blockchain only by storing all the head blocks of the segments and all the blocks contained in the block segments corresponding to the new blocks, and compared with the traditional public chain, the time and space cost is greatly reduced.
3. When the offline node is online again, the node is required to be added to all the blocks of the blockchain after being offline from the node, namely the blockchain is synchronized, and a large amount of time and storage space are consumed in the process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a block chain connection in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a middle header block according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples thereof in order to better understand the technical direction of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description is presented only to provide a better understanding of the invention, and should not be taken to limit the invention. In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terminology used is for the purpose of description only and is not to be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.
Before describing the technical scheme of the present invention, the technical terms in the present invention are needed to be described first: node, blockchain ledger illustrate:
The nodes in the present invention include the following types:
1) A full node for blockchain generation and maintenance that maintains a complete copy of all information of the blockchain and examines the new transactions generated according to the common protocol used by the specific cryptocurrency or utility tokens.
2) And a segment full node for generation and maintenance of the blockchain, which holds segment header blocks of all the blockchain segments and all block copies of the latest blockchain segments, and checks for new transactions generated according to a common protocol used by a specific cryptocurrency or utility token.
3) Common nodes, used for third parties to issue transactions and access blockchains, hold part of the blockchain information, also known as light wallets, are widely used on mobile devices or just people who do not want to download the entire blockchain.
Blockchain ledger: the blockchain ledger is used to hold any node or any information that the user wants to hold.
In the invention, the complete node and the segment complete node can both participate in consensus accounting, and the same consensus protocol is used for mutual compatibility. Common nodes may not participate in consensus accounting. That is, each node in the regional chain can participate in the consensus and billing of the regional chain only by downloading the block segment corresponding to the new block and the blocks of all the block segments containing the previous block segment information. All blockchains of the blocks which store the corresponding block segments of the new block and all the block segments which contain the information of the previous block segment are called authoritative ledgers.
The blockchain of the present invention is connected by an originating block and a series of data structures to other blocks that are identical to the originating block. Wherein the created block has only one unique hash value. Each subsequently created block, except the created block, contains two hash values, one being the hash value of the block itself and the other being the hash value of the previous block. All blocks are connected in sequence by the front-back pointing relationship between hash values.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a segmented blockchain storage method, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing a block chain into block segments comprising a plurality of blocks; the block segment in this embodiment preferably includes 2016 blocks, where the blocks in the block segment are concatenated in such a way as to preserve the hash value of the previous block.
S2, dividing the blocks in each block section into a block containing the information of the previous block section and a common block;
s3, generating a new block;
S4, each node in the regional chain can participate in consensus and accounting of the regional chain only by downloading the block segment corresponding to the new block and the blocks containing the information of the previous block segment of all the block segments.
If the block chain has an offline node, the offline node can participate in the consensus and accounting of the block chain by only storing the block segment corresponding to the new block and all the unsaved blocks containing the previous block segment information in the blocks containing the previous block segment information of the block segment when reentering the block chain and synchronously downloading the two blocks.
In step S2, the first block in each block segment is called a segment header block, which is a block containing the segment information of the previous block, and all segment header blocks are connected in a manner of storing the segment information of the previous segment header. The normal block and the header block are connected in a manner of preserving the hash value of the previous block.
As shown in fig. 2, the normal block includes a block header and a block body; the head block comprises a block head, a block body and a block tail, and the information of the head block of the previous section is stored in the block tail of the head block. The block header includes: the version number, the hash address of the last chunk, the hash value of the merck root of the transaction in that chunk, the creation timestamp of that chunk, the consensus target, and the random parameter; the block body comprises: the number of bytes occupied by the transaction amount, the transaction amount and the transaction data; the block tail comprises: the segment number, the hash address of the preceding segment header chunk, the hash value of the merck root of the transaction in the chunk, the creation timestamp of the chunk, the consensus target of the segment header chunk, and the random parameters.
In step S3, generating the new block includes two steps of generating a segment header block and generating a normal block. If the generated block is a common block, a new block can be generated only by meeting the common mechanism of the block section, and if the generated block is a section head block, the common mechanism of the block head for solving the previous block and the common mechanism of the previous section head block are simultaneously met.
In this embodiment, the block chain consensus adopts a workload proof mechanism, and adjusts the generation speed of the new block by adjusting the workload proof difficulty of the common block and the workload proof difficulty of the segment head block, so that the generation speed of the block is about 10 minutes.
The workload proving difficulty of the common blocks in each block section is the same as the workload proving difficulty of the head blocks, and the workload proving difficulty of the common blocks in different block sections is different from the workload proving difficulty of the head blocks, namely, the workload proving difficulty of the common blocks and the workload proving difficulty of the head blocks are adjusted when the next block section is entered. The maximum difficulty targets are specified as follows: 0x00000000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. The difficulty targets in creating block head and block tail are specified as follows: 0x1D00FFFF. The formula for adjusting the difficulty target in the block head at intervals of 2016 blocks is as follows: new difficulty value = old difficulty value (2016 previous blocks take time (unit seconds)/2016 x 10 x 60). The difficulty target adjustment formula in the block tail is carried out every 2016 of block heads: new difficulty value = old difficulty value (the previous 2016 head blocks take time (unit seconds)/2016 x 10 x 60).
In step S3, based on the workload certification mechanism, the specific process of generating the new block is: for a common block, after the node passes the workload certification, independently packing the transaction record into a new block; for the head block, the node stores the workload evidence of the hash address of the last block and the workload evidence of the hash address of the head block, and independently packages the transaction record into a new block; each node independently checks for new blocks and assembles the new blocks into a blockchain. Each node independently checks the new area block: the node judges that a segment head block is to be generated, generates a hash value in a segment head of the segment head block through changing a random number, and if the hash value is smaller than a difficulty target value in the segment head, the new segment block can be accepted by a segment link point network. Meanwhile, a hash value is generated in the block tail head of the block head block through changing random numbers, and if the hash value is smaller than a difficulty target value in the block tail, the new block can be accepted by the block chain link point network. At this time, the node generating the segment header block may give double the billing fee because the node performs both workload proofs at the same time, which is more computationally complex.
In step S4, under the workload certification mechanism, each node independently performs verification and addition on new blocks in the blockchain, and under the workload certification mechanism, selects the blockchain with the largest accumulated workload of the head blocks of the download segment and the largest accumulated workload of the latest segment. After the block chain with the largest accumulated workload of the head block of the download segment is selected, and the accumulated workload of the latest block segment is the largest, all nodes finally reach consensus in the whole network range of the block chain. As more workload evidence is added to the chain, the node selects the chain it wants to lengthen by "voting" when the blockchain creates a new block and lengthens a chain, the new block itself representing its voting result.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also discloses a segmented block chain storage device, which comprises: a blockchain segmentation module for dividing a blockchain into blocksegments comprising a plurality of blocks; the block segment separation module is used for dividing the blocks in each block segment into a block containing the information of the previous block segment and a common block; the block generation module is used for generating a new block; and the node downloading module is used for the nodes in the blockchain to download the block segments corresponding to the new block and the blocks containing the information of the previous block segment of all the block segments, and can participate in the consensus and accounting of the blockchain.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily appreciate variations or alternatives within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the application is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A segmented blockchain storage method, comprising the steps of:
s1, dividing a block chain into block segments comprising a plurality of blocks;
S2, dividing the blocks in each block segment into a block containing the information of the previous block segment and a common block;
s3, generating a new block;
S4, each node in the regional chain can participate in consensus and accounting of the regional chain only by downloading the block segment corresponding to the new block and the blocks containing the information of the previous block segment of all the block segments;
The first block in each block section is called a section head block, the section head block is the block containing the information of the previous block section, and all the section head blocks are connected in a mode of storing the information of the previous section head block;
The common knowledge of the block chain adopts a workload proving mechanism, and the generation speed of the new block is adjusted by adjusting the workload proving difficulty of the common block and the workload proving difficulty of the segment head block.
2. The segmented blockchain storage method of claim 1, wherein if the blockchain has an offline node, the offline node can participate in the consensus and billing of the blockchain by only storing the blocksegment corresponding to the new block and all unsaved blocks containing the previous blocksegment information in the blocks containing the previous blocksegment information of the blocksegment when reentering the blockchain and synchronously downloading the same.
3. The segmented blockchain storage method of claim 1, wherein the normal blocks include a block header and a block body; the head block comprises a block head, a block body and a block tail, and the information of the previous head block is stored in the block tail of the head block.
4. The segmented blockchain storage method of claim 3, wherein the blockhead includes: the version number, the hash address of the last chunk, the hash value of the merck root of the transaction in that chunk, the creation timestamp of that chunk, the consensus target, and the random parameter; the block body comprises: the number of bytes occupied by the transaction amount, the transaction amount and the transaction data; the block tail comprises: the segment number, the hash address of the preceding segment header chunk, the hash value of the merck root of the transaction in the chunk, the creation timestamp of the chunk, the consensus target of the segment header chunk, and the random parameters.
5. The segmented blockchain storage method of claim 1, wherein the workload certification difficulty of the normal block in each block segment is the same as the workload certification difficulty of the segment head block, and the workload certification difficulty of the normal block and the workload certification difficulty of the segment head block in different block segments are different, namely, when entering the next block segment, the workload certification difficulty of the normal block and the workload certification difficulty of the segment head block are adjusted.
6. The segmented blockchain storage method of claim 5, wherein the specific process of generating the new block in step S3 is: for the common block, after the node passes the workload certification, independently packing the transaction record into a new block; for the segment head block, the node stores the workload evidence of the hash address of the last segment head block and the workload evidence of the hash address of the last segment head block at the same time, and independently packages the transaction record into a new block; each node independently checks for new blocks and assembles the new blocks into a blockchain.
7. The segmented blockchain storage method of claim 5, wherein in step S4, each node independently selects a blockchain, and selects a blockchain with a largest accumulated workload of a head block of a download segment and a largest accumulated workload of a latest segment under a workload certification mechanism.
8. A segmented blockchain storage device, comprising:
A blockchain segmentation module for dividing a blockchain into blocksegments comprising a plurality of blocks;
the block segment separation module is used for dividing the blocks in each block segment into a block containing the information of the previous block segment and a common block;
the block generation module is used for generating a new block;
The node downloading module is used for enabling the nodes in the blockchain to download the blocksegments corresponding to the new blockand the blocks containing the information of the previous blocksegment of all blocksegments, and enabling the nodes to participate in the consensus and accounting of the blockchain;
The first block in each block section is called a section head block, the section head block is the block containing the information of the previous block section, and all the section head blocks are connected in a mode of storing the information of the previous section head block;
The common knowledge of the block chain adopts a workload proving mechanism, and the generation speed of the new block is adjusted by adjusting the workload proving difficulty of the common block and the workload proving difficulty of the segment head block.
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| CN113626260B (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-02-22 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Data processing method, device, equipment and storage medium of block chain network |
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