CN111413736B - Roadway seismic reflection advanced detection method capable of realizing simultaneous excitation of multiple seismic sources - Google Patents
Roadway seismic reflection advanced detection method capable of realizing simultaneous excitation of multiple seismic sources Download PDFInfo
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- CN111413736B CN111413736B CN202010392688.8A CN202010392688A CN111413736B CN 111413736 B CN111413736 B CN 111413736B CN 202010392688 A CN202010392688 A CN 202010392688A CN 111413736 B CN111413736 B CN 111413736B
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
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Abstract
The invention discloses a roadway seismic reflection advanced detection method with multiple seismic sources excited simultaneously, which is characterized in that multiple seismic sources are excited simultaneously at one time to generate multiple seismic waves, and a detector continuously receives multiple direct seismic waves generated by each electrically controlled seismic source and multiple reflected seismic waves reflected after each direct seismic wave meets a front abnormal geological structure; then, a common detector gather of each seismic reflection wave in the multiple seismic waves received from the detector is processed by adopting cross correlation, and the first-arrival wave travel time of each seismic reflection wave reaching the detector is obtained; and finally, according to the position relation between each electric control seismic source and the detector and the first arrival wave travel time, processing by adopting known pre-stack diffraction migration imaging to obtain geological abnormal distribution in front of the roadway. Due to the fact that a plurality of seismic sources are simultaneously excited at one time without waiting for blasting intervals, data required by seismic reflection imaging can be extracted for geological detection, and therefore the efficiency of roadway front detection by adopting a roadway seismic advanced detection method is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a roadway seismic reflection advanced detection method, in particular to a roadway seismic reflection advanced detection method capable of simultaneously exciting multiple seismic sources.
Background
Abnormal structures such as fault layers in coal mine geology can cause disasters of tunneling roadways, and a large amount of personnel and economic losses are caused. Since roadways are deep blind projects, it is extremely difficult to fully ascertain their associated rock mass characteristics and the location, size and nature of potentially undesirable bodies during the engineering exploration phase. Therefore, the geological problems must be solved by means of advance prediction during the excavation. Through advanced prediction, the engineering geology and hydrogeology conditions in front of the tunneling roadway can be timely and comprehensively known, the tunneling plan is reasonably arranged, the construction scheme is reasonably corrected, corresponding preventive measures are taken, the geological disasters of the roadway are effectively reduced, the tunneling efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced. The current commonly used advanced detection technology is a roadway earthquake advanced detection method, and whether an address structure in a certain range in front of a roadway is abnormal or not can be obtained through pre-stack diffraction offset imaging of earthquake reflected waves.
However, in the actual application of the prior art in advanced detection, certain defects exist, namely, the problem of low efficiency exists in the field data acquisition process. In advance detection, more than 20 blast points are generally required to be arranged at the head of the robot, and field blasting personnel need to blast one by one; and then receiving the direct seismic waves and the reflected seismic waves generated by each blasting by a geophone behind the shot point. Because the adjacent blasting needs to be separated by more than 15 minutes for the safety of blasting personnel blasting each time, the conditions of ventilation, gas, coal dust, support and the like can be conveniently checked. At the same time, it is also necessary for safety reasons for the blasting personnel to maintain a safe distance of more than 120 meters from the point of initiation. The measures can effectively ensure the safety of blasting personnel, but can directly cause that most time of field construction is concentrated on blasting operation; therefore, the efficiency of adopting a roadway earthquake advanced detection method to carry out roadway front detection is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a roadway seismic reflection advanced detection method capable of simultaneously exciting multiple seismic sources, which can extract data required by seismic reflection imaging to perform geological detection by simultaneously exciting multiple seismic sources at one time without waiting for blasting intervals, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of roadway front detection by adopting the roadway seismic advanced detection method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a roadway seismic reflection advanced detection method with multiple seismic sources simultaneously excited comprises the following specific steps:
A. drilling a hole in the middle of the head of the roadway along the pre-excavation direction, arranging a plurality of electric control seismic sources in the hole at equal intervals, and leading out the detonating cords of the electric control seismic sources to the hole opening of the hole;
B. arranging a detector in the range of 100 meters from the head to one side of the roadway, wherein the detector is connected with the acquisition host through a connection main line, so that the detector and the acquisition host form a seismic advanced detection observation system, and recording the position relation between each electric control seismic source and the detector;
C. b, connecting each electric control seismic source in the step A on a low-voltage detonator in parallel through a detonating cord;
D. starting a low-pressure exploder to enable each electric control seismic source to simultaneously excite and generate a plurality of seismic waves, continuously receiving a plurality of direct seismic waves generated by each electric control seismic source and a plurality of reflected seismic waves reflected after each direct seismic wave meets the front abnormal geological structure, and feeding data back to an acquisition host;
E. the method adopts cross-correlation processing to extract a common detector channel set of the geophone for receiving each seismic reflection wave from a plurality of seismic direct waves and seismic reflection waves received by the geophone, and comprises the following specific processes:
a. selecting an electronic control seismic source, determining the distance between the electronic control seismic source and a detector according to the step B, determining the direct seismic wave signal generated by the electronic control seismic source received by the detector as a reference signal, and determining the first arrival travel time of the reference signal (namely the time elapsed from the emission of the direct seismic wave from the electronic control seismic source to the reception of the detector);
b. setting the reference signal determined in the step a as x (t), wherein y (t) is any seismic wave data acquired by the geophone, and then defining the correlation function of x (t) and y (t) as
Wherein R is xy (τ) is the result of cross-correlation of data x (t) with y (t) at a time delay of τ;
setting that characteristic component l is contained in x (t) 1 Wherein l is 1 After the earthquake direct wave information of the selected electric control seismic source is subjected to cross-correlation processing, if y (t) contains a characteristic component l 1 The component is highlighted, and the seismic wave is determined to be the same electric control seismic source to generate the earthquake to reach directlyThe wave meets the seismic reflection wave reflected by the front abnormal geological structure, and then the first-arrival wave travel time of the seismic reflection wave of the electric control seismic source is obtained by taking the first-arrival wave travel time of the reference signal as a reference;
c. repeating the steps a and b to obtain the first arrival travel time of the seismic reflection waves of other electric control seismic sources, so as to obtain a common detector channel set of each seismic reflection wave received by the detector;
F. according to the position relation between each electric control seismic source and the detector and the first arrival travel time, seismic reflection wave migration imaging is carried out, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
extracting each seismic reflection wave of the common detector gather obtained in the step E by adopting a tau-p method; two-dimensional signal of the (t, x) domain
The two-dimensional signal after being converted to the (tau, p) domain is phi (tau, p), then the positive and negative conversion formula of tau-p is:
wherein t is the first-arrival travel time in a t-x domain, x is the distance between the electrically controlled seismic source and the detector, p is a ray variable (horizontal wave slowness), and tau is the intercept of the ray variable on a time axis;
the seismic reflection wave data of each electric control seismic source can be extracted by the method;
and secondly, processing the data of each seismic reflection wave extracted in the step I by adopting known pre-stack diffraction migration imaging to obtain the distribution of the abnormal geological structure in front of the roadway.
Further, the electric control seismic source is a detonator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the mode of simultaneously exciting a plurality of seismic sources at one time to generate a plurality of seismic waves, and the detector continuously receives a plurality of direct seismic waves generated by each electric control seismic source and a plurality of reflected seismic waves reflected after each direct seismic wave meets an abnormal geological structure in front; then, a common detector gather of each seismic reflection wave in the multiple seismic waves received from the detector is processed by adopting cross correlation, and the first-arrival wave travel time of each seismic reflection wave reaching the detector is obtained; finally, extracting each seismic reflection wave of the obtained common detector channel set by adopting a tau-p method according to the position relation between each electric control seismic source and the detector and the first arrival wave travel time; and processing the data according to the extracted seismic reflection waves by adopting known pre-stack diffraction migration imaging to obtain geological abnormal distribution in front of the roadway. According to the method, the plurality of seismic sources are simultaneously excited at one time without waiting for blasting intervals, so that the data required by seismic reflection imaging can be extracted for geological detection, and the efficiency of roadway front detection by adopting a roadway seismic advanced detection method is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the position layout of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention receiving signals from multiple seismic sources to generate seismic waves;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for extracting seismic reflections from individual seismic signals.
In the figure: 1. roadway, 2, detector, 3, drilling, 4, electric control seismic source, 5 and abnormal geological structure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a roadway seismic reflection advanced detection method with simultaneous excitation of multiple seismic sources specifically includes the following steps:
A. drilling a drill hole 3 in the middle position of the head of the roadway 1 along the pre-excavation direction, arranging a plurality of electric control seismic sources 4 in the drill hole 3 at equal intervals, and leading out the detonating lines of all the electric control seismic sources 4 to the drill hole opening after the completion;
B. arranging a detector 2 in a range of a distance of 100 meters from the head of one side of the roadway 1, connecting the detector 2 with the acquisition host through a connection main line, enabling the detector 2 and the acquisition host to form a seismic advanced detection observation system, and recording the position relation between each electric control seismic source 4 and the detector 2;
C. b, connecting each electric control seismic source 4 in the step A on a low-voltage detonator in parallel through a detonating cord;
D. starting the low-pressure exploder to enable each electronic control seismic source 4 to simultaneously excite and generate a plurality of seismic waves, continuously receiving a plurality of direct seismic waves generated by each electronic control seismic source 4 and a plurality of reflected seismic waves reflected after each direct seismic wave meets the front abnormal geological structure 5 by the geophone 2, and feeding back data to the acquisition host;
E. the mutual correlation processing is adopted to extract a common detector channel set of each seismic reflection wave received by the wave detector 2 from the multiple seismic direct waves and the seismic reflection waves received by the wave detector 2, and the specific process is as follows:
a. firstly, selecting an electrically controlled seismic source 4, determining the distance between the electrically controlled seismic source 4 and the detector 2 according to the step B, determining the seismic direct wave signal generated by the electrically controlled seismic source 4 received by the detector 2 as a reference signal, and determining the first arrival travel time of the reference signal (i.e. the time elapsed from the emission of the seismic direct wave from the electrically controlled seismic source 4 to the reception of the detector 2);
b. setting the reference signal determined in the step a as x (t), wherein y (t) is any seismic wave data acquired by the geophone, and then defining the correlation function of x (t) and y (t) as
Wherein R is xy (τ) is the result of cross-correlation of data x (t) with y (t) at a time delay of τ;
setting the characteristic component l contained in x (t) 1 Wherein l is 1 After the selected electric control seismic source 4 earthquake direct wave information is processed by cross correlation, if y (t) contains a characteristic component l 1 The component is highlighted, and then the seismic wave is determined as the seismic reflection wave which is reflected after the direct seismic wave generated by the same electric control seismic source 4 meets the front abnormal geological structure, and then the first arrival travel time of the reference signal is taken as the reference to obtain the travel time of the electric control seismic source 4The first arrival travel time of the seismic reflection wave;
c. repeating the steps a and b to obtain the first arrival travel time of the seismic reflection waves of other electric control seismic sources, so as to obtain a common detector gather of each seismic reflection wave received by the detector 2;
F. according to the position relation between each electric control seismic source 4 and the detector 2 and the first arrival travel time, seismic reflection wave migration imaging is carried out, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
extracting each seismic reflection wave of the common detector gather obtained in the step E by adopting a tau-p method; two-dimensional signal of the (t, x) domain
The two-dimensional signal after being converted to the (tau, p) domain is phi (tau, p), then the positive and negative conversion formula of tau-p is:
wherein t is the first arrival travel time in the t-x domain, x is the distance between the electrically controlled seismic source 4 and the detector 2, p is a ray variable (horizontal wave slowness), and τ is the intercept of the ray variable on a time axis;
the seismic reflection wave data of each electric control seismic source can be extracted by the method;
and secondly, processing the data of each seismic reflection wave extracted in the first step by adopting known pre-stack diffraction migration imaging to obtain the distribution of the abnormal geological structure in front of the roadway.
Further, the electric control seismic source 4 is a detonator.
Claims (2)
1. A roadway seismic reflection advanced detection method with multiple seismic sources simultaneously excited is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
A. drilling a hole in the middle of the head of the roadway along the pre-excavation direction, arranging a plurality of electric control seismic sources in the hole at equal intervals, and leading out the detonating cords of the electric control seismic sources to the hole opening of the hole;
B. arranging a detector in the range of 100 meters from the head to one side of the roadway, wherein the detector is connected with the acquisition host through a connection main line, so that the detector and the acquisition host form a seismic advanced detection observation system, and recording the position relation between each electric control seismic source and the detector;
C. b, connecting each electric control seismic source in the step A on a low-voltage detonator in parallel through a detonating cord;
D. starting a low-pressure exploder to enable each electric control seismic source to simultaneously excite and generate a plurality of seismic waves, continuously receiving a plurality of direct seismic waves generated by each electric control seismic source and a plurality of reflected seismic waves reflected after each direct seismic wave meets the front abnormal geological structure, and feeding data back to an acquisition host;
E. the method adopts cross-correlation processing to extract a common detector channel set of the geophone for receiving each seismic reflection wave from a plurality of seismic direct waves and seismic reflection waves received by the geophone, and comprises the following specific processes:
a. selecting an electronic control seismic source, determining the distance between the electronic control seismic source and a detector according to the step B, determining a seismic direct wave signal generated by the electronic control seismic source received by the detector as a reference signal, and determining the first arrival travel time of the reference signal;
b. setting the reference signal determined in the step a as x (t), wherein y (t) is any seismic wave data acquired by the geophone, and then defining the correlation function of x (t) and y (t) as
Wherein R is xy (τ) is the cross-correlation result of data x (t) and y (t) with time delay τ;
setting the characteristic component l contained in x (t) 1 Wherein l is 1 After the earthquake direct wave information of the selected electric control seismic source is subjected to cross-correlation processing, if y (t) contains a characteristic component l 1 If the component is highlighted, determining the seismic wave as a seismic reflection wave which is generated by the same electric control seismic source and reflected after the direct seismic wave meets the front abnormal geological structure, and then taking the first arrival wave travel time of the reference signal as a reference to obtain the first arrival wave travel time of the seismic reflection wave of the electric control seismic source;
c. repeating the steps a and b to obtain the first arrival travel time of the seismic reflection waves of other electric control seismic sources, so as to obtain a common detector channel set of each seismic reflection wave received by the detector;
F. according to the position relation between each electric control seismic source and the detector and the first arrival travel time, seismic reflection wave migration imaging is carried out, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
extracting each seismic reflection wave of the common detector gather obtained in the step E by adopting a tau-p method; two-dimensional signal of the (t, x) domain
The two-dimensional signal after being converted to the (τ, p) domain is φ (τ, p), the positive and negative transformation formula of τ -p is:
wherein t is the first arrival travel time in a t-x domain, x is the distance between the electrically controlled seismic source and the detector, p is a ray variable, and tau is the intercept of the ray variable on a time axis;
the seismic reflected wave data of each electric control seismic source can be extracted by the method;
and secondly, processing the data of each seismic reflection wave extracted in the step I by adopting known pre-stack diffraction migration imaging to obtain the distribution of the abnormal geological structure in front of the roadway.
2. The method for the multi-source simultaneous excitation roadway seismic reflection advanced detection according to claim 1, wherein the electrically controlled sources are detonators.
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