CN111408243A - Thermal power generating unit wet desulphurization pH value control system and method - Google Patents

Thermal power generating unit wet desulphurization pH value control system and method Download PDF

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CN111408243A
CN111408243A CN202010379095.8A CN202010379095A CN111408243A CN 111408243 A CN111408243 A CN 111408243A CN 202010379095 A CN202010379095 A CN 202010379095A CN 111408243 A CN111408243 A CN 111408243A
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limestone slurry
slurry
flue gas
value
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CN111408243B (en
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郭亦文
耿林霄
金国强
高林
王林
周俊波
王明坤
侯玉婷
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D21/00Control of chemical or physico-chemical variables, e.g. pH value
    • G05D21/02Control of chemical or physico-chemical variables, e.g. pH value characterised by the use of electric means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/40Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/404Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/60Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/606Carbonates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases

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Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for controlling the pH value of wet desulphurization of a thermal power generating unit, wherein the system comprises a limestone slurry tank, a slurry pump, an absorption tower, a gypsum discharge pump and a control system; the outlet of the limestone slurry tank is communicated with the inlet of the absorption tower through a slurry pump, the gypsum discharge pump is communicated with the outlet at the bottom of the absorption tower, the inlet of the gypsum discharge pump is provided with a limestone slurry pH meter, a pipeline between the slurry pump and the absorption tower is provided with an electromagnetic flowmeter, and the flue gas inlet of the absorption tower is provided with a flue gas flowmeter, wherein the output end of the flue gas flowmeter, the output end of the electromagnetic flowmeter and the output end of the limestone slurry pH meter are connected with the input end of a control system, the output end of the control system is connected with the control end of the slurry pump through a frequency converter, and the system and the method can effectively overcome the problem of large-scale disturbance of the system caused by sudden change of.

Description

Thermal power generating unit wet desulphurization pH value control system and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal power generating unit control, and relates to a thermal power generating unit wet desulphurization pH value control system and method.
Background
In recent years, coal is always used as a main energy source in thermal power generation in China, and with the increasing international general attention on the problem of environmental pollution, the national energy supply bureau puts higher requirements on the environmental protection indexes of thermal power generating units. As one of the main sources of atmospheric pollutants, the sulfur dioxide discharged by a thermal power generating unit occupies 40% of the total national sulfur dioxide discharge amount, so that the control of the sulfur dioxide discharge of the thermal power generating unit becomes the key for controlling the total national sulfur dioxide discharge amount.
The desulfurization process of the thermal power generating unit is complex and various, and the whole process covers three major types of dry process, semi-dry process and wet process. At present, the wet desulphurization process is the most widely applied and technically mature desulphurization process at present, the desulphurization efficiency is up to more than 90%, and the market coverage rate is up to 85%. The absorption tower system is used as the core of the wet desulphurization process system, the main adjusting task is to ensure that the pH value of limestone slurry in the tower is in a reasonable range, and when the pH value of the absorption tower is too low, CaCO participating in reaction3Low content of H in the slurry2SO3Supersaturated, absorbing SO in an absorption tower2The capacity is reduced, and the corrosion of the absorption tower is aggravated due to the low pH operation; if the pH value is too high, the solubility of calcium sulfite and calcium hydrogen sulfite which are intermediate products of the desulfurization reaction is reduced, the oxidation reaction is seriously hindered, and finally the desulfurization can not be carried out.
The pH value of the slurry of the absorption tower is mainly adjusted by controlling the flow of the limestone slurry. The traditional pH value control system adopts a cascade control idea, a main controller takes the deviation between a pH measured value and a set value as input, and an output signal is taken as a limestone slurry flow set value and sent to an auxiliary regulator. Considering the regulation speed and precision of the control system, the cascade system often uses variables such as actual load signals or flue gas sulfur dioxide concentration signals as feedforward to timely adjust the opening of the slurry valve according to the unit requirements, so as to expect to obtain a better pH value control effect. When encountering internal disturbance such as limestone slurry flow mutation or concentration mutation, the cascade control system can effectively overcome the disturbance to maintain the stability of the pH value, but when encountering flue gas flow mutation or sulfur dioxide concentration mutation in flue gas, the cascade control system can show larger control difference due to the fact that feedforward coefficients cannot be accurately quantized, and the control quality of the system is influenced. Since the limestone slurry regulating valve is often subjected to physical damage such as valve core abrasion in the use process, the opening of the limestone slurry regulating valve is not reasonable as a control object of the desulfurization pH value control system.
The existing pH value control system of the thermal power generating unit controls the flow of limestone slurry by adjusting the opening of a slurry regulating valve, and when a valve core of the regulating valve is worn or damaged in the using process, the regulating valve cannot act according to the set opening, so that the characteristic of the regulating valve has great influence on the control quality of the whole system. The size design of the regulating valve is influenced by factors such as load, differential pressure, fluid and the like, and once the operation working condition of the unit exceeds the original design range, the size of the original regulating valve is too large or too small. When the size of the regulating valve is too small, the valve is always in a full-open state, and the regulating range is lost; when the regulating valve is oversized, the valve is always in a small opening state, and the action of the valve is too sensitive to cause the vibration of the regulating valve.
In addition, the output variable of the first-stage controller, namely the main controller, of the existing thermal power generating unit pH value control system is a limestone slurry flow demand value, the demand value enters the second-stage controller to be controlled, and the flue gas flow is usually used as a correction variable, namely a feed-forward value, of the second-stage controller. When the flue gas flow is disturbed, the feedforward variable of the second-stage controller is changed immediately to cause the limestone slurry throttle to act immediately. Because the corresponding relation between the flue gas flow value and the slurry regulating valve is difficult to accurately measure, the pH value of the slurry fluctuates in a large range, so that the first-stage controller and the second-stage controller act sequentially, and the pH value can be stabilized only through a plurality of adjusting processes of the controllers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a system and a method for controlling the pH value of wet desulphurization of a thermal power generating unit, and the system and the method can effectively solve the problem of large-scale disturbance of the system caused by sudden change of flue gas flow.
In order to achieve the aim, the wet desulphurization pH value control system of the thermal power generating unit comprises a limestone slurry tank, a slurry pump, an absorption tower, a gypsum discharge pump and a control system;
the outlet of the limestone slurry tank is communicated with the inlet of the absorption tower through a slurry pump, the gypsum discharge pump is communicated with the outlet at the bottom of the absorption tower, the inlet of the gypsum discharge pump is provided with a limestone slurry pH meter, an electromagnetic flowmeter is arranged on a pipeline between the slurry pump and the absorption tower, and a flue gas flowmeter is arranged at the flue gas inlet of the absorption tower, wherein the output end of the flue gas flowmeter, the output end of the electromagnetic flowmeter and the output end of the limestone slurry pH meter are connected with the input end of a control system, and the output end of the control system is connected with the control end of the slurry pump through a frequency converter.
And a regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline between the slurry pump and the electromagnetic flowmeter.
The control system comprises a first controller, a processor and a second controller, wherein the input end of the first controller is connected with the limestone slurry pH meter, the output end of the first controller and the output end of the flue gas flowmeter are connected with the processor, the output end of the processor and the output end of the electromagnetic flowmeter are connected with the input end of the second controller, and the output end of the second controller is connected with the control end of the slurry pump through a frequency converter.
The thermal power generating unit wet desulphurization pH value control method comprises the following steps:
sending limestone slurry output by the limestone slurry tank into an absorption tower through a slurry pump so as to absorb sulfur dioxide in flue gas in the absorption tower, and then discharging the flue gas through a gypsum discharge pump;
limestone slurry flow information at the outlet of the slurry pump is measured in real time through the electromagnetic flowmeter, then sent to the second controller, the pH value of limestone slurry output by the slurry pump is measured in real time through the limestone slurry pH meter, then sent to the first controller, flue gas flow information entering the absorption tower is measured in real time through the flue gas flowmeter, and then sent to the processor;
the first controller calculates an ideal ratio of flue gas flow and limestone slurry flow according to a set value of limestone slurry pH and a pH value of limestone slurry measured by a limestone slurry pH meter, then inputs the ideal ratio of the flue gas flow and the limestone slurry flow into the processor, the processor calculates a set value of the limestone slurry flow according to the ideal ratio of the flue gas flow and the limestone slurry flow and flue gas flow information at an inlet of an absorption tower measured by a flue gas flowmeter, then inputs the set value of the limestone slurry flow into the second controller, and the second controller controls the slurry pump through the frequency converter according to the set value of the limestone slurry flow and limestone slurry flow information measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter so that the limestone slurry flow information measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter is equal to the set value of the limestone slurry flow, and the control of the pH value of wet desulphurization of the thermal power generating unit is realized.
The ideal ratio P (t) of the flue gas flow and the limestone slurry flow is as follows:
Figure BDA0002481335680000041
wherein K is a set parameter gain; e (t) at time t, measuring the deviation between the pH value of the limestone slurry and the pH value set value of the limestone slurry by a limestone slurry pH meter; t isiRepresenting integration time, TdRepresenting the differential time.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the wet desulphurization pH value control system and the wet desulphurization pH value control method for the thermal power generating unit are operated specifically, when the flue gas flow at the inlet of the absorption tower changes, the second controller controls the slurry pump to maintain the ratio of the flue gas flow to the limestone slurry flow unchanged, so that the first controller is prevented from acting, the pH value control time is greatly shortened, the influence speed is high, and the problem of large-scale disturbance of the system caused by sudden change of the flue gas flow is effectively solved. In addition, the flow of the limestone slurry is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the slurry pump, so that the influence of the characteristics of the regulating valve on a pH value control system is fundamentally avoided, the accuracy and the stability of the control system are improved, and the control quality is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the control system 3 according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a limestone slurry tank, 2 is an absorption tower, 3 is a control system, 4 is a frequency converter, 5 is an electromagnetic flowmeter, 6 is a limestone slurry pH meter, 7 is a slurry pump, 8 is an adjusting valve, 31 is a first controller, 32 is a second controller, and 33 is a processor.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the wet desulfurization pH control system for a thermal power generating unit according to the present invention includes a limestone slurry tank 1, a slurry pump 7, an absorption tower 2, a gypsum discharge pump and control system 3; the export of lime stone thick liquid case 1 is linked together through the entry of thick liquid pump 7 with absorption tower 2, the gypsum discharge pump is linked together with the bottom export of absorption tower 2, the entry of gypsum discharge pump is provided with lime stone thick liquid pH meter 6, be provided with electromagnetic flowmeter 5 on the pipeline between thick liquid pump 7 and the absorption tower 2, the flue gas entrance of absorption tower 2 sets up the flue gas flowmeter, wherein, the output of flue gas flowmeter, the output of electromagnetic flowmeter 5 and the output of lime stone thick liquid pH meter 6 are connected with control system 3's input, control system 3's output is connected with the control end of thick liquid pump 7 through converter 4.
A regulating valve 8 is arranged on a pipeline between the slurry pump 7 and the electromagnetic flowmeter 5; the control system 3 comprises a first controller 31, a processor 33 and a second controller 32, wherein the input end of the first controller 31 is connected with the limestone slurry pH meter 6, the output end of the first controller 31 and the output end of the flue gas flowmeter are connected with the processor 33, the output end of the processor 33 and the output end of the electromagnetic flowmeter 5 are connected with the input end of the second controller 32, and the output end of the second controller 32 is connected with the control end of the slurry pump 7 through the frequency converter 4.
The thermal power generating unit wet desulphurization pH value control method comprises the following steps:
limestone slurry output by the limestone slurry tank 1 is sent into the absorption tower 2 through a slurry pump 7 to absorb sulfur dioxide in the flue gas in the absorption tower 2, and then is discharged through a gypsum discharge pump;
limestone slurry flow information at the outlet of the slurry pump 7 is measured in real time through the electromagnetic flow meter 5, then sent to the second controller 32, the pH value of limestone slurry output by the slurry pump 7 is measured in real time through the limestone slurry pH meter 6, then sent to the first controller 31, flue gas flow information entering the absorption tower 2 is measured in real time through the flue gas flow meter, and then sent to the processor 33;
the first controller 31 calculates an ideal ratio of the flue gas flow to the limestone slurry flow according to a set value of the limestone slurry pH and the limestone slurry pH measured by the limestone slurry pH meter 6, then inputs the ideal ratio of the flue gas flow to the limestone slurry flow into the processor 33, the processor 33 calculates a set value of the limestone slurry flow according to the ideal ratio of the flue gas flow to the limestone slurry flow and the flue gas flow information at the inlet of the absorption tower 2 measured by the flue gas flow meter, then inputs the set value of the limestone slurry flow into the second controller 32, the second controller 32 controls the slurry pump 7 through the frequency converter 4 according to the set value of the limestone slurry flow and the limestone slurry flow information measured by the electromagnetic flow meter 5, so that the limestone slurry flow information measured by the electromagnetic flow meter 5 is equal to the set value of the limestone slurry flow, and the control of the pH value of wet desulphurization of the thermal power generating unit is realized.
The ideal ratio P (t) of the flue gas flow and the limestone slurry flow is as follows:
Figure BDA0002481335680000071
wherein K is a set parameter gain; e (t) is the deviation between the pH value of the limestone slurry measured by the limestone slurry pH meter 6 and the pH set value of the limestone slurry at the time t; t isiRepresenting integration time, TdRepresenting the differential time.
When the unit continuously lifts and lowers the load or the original flue gas SO is caused by the change of the coal type2When the content suddenly changes, the corresponding working condition generates a corrected value of the rotating speed of the frequency converter 4 according to the corresponding relation with the rotating speed of the frequency converter 4, and the corrected value and the basic value are superposed to form the final output of the flow controller.

Claims (5)

1. A thermal power generating unit wet desulphurization pH value control system is characterized by comprising a limestone slurry tank (1), a slurry pump (7), an absorption tower (2), a gypsum discharge pump and a control system (3);
the outlet of the limestone slurry tank (1) is communicated with the inlet of the absorption tower (2) through a slurry pump (7), the gypsum discharge pump is communicated with the outlet at the bottom of the absorption tower (2), the inlet of the gypsum discharge pump is provided with a limestone slurry pH meter (6), an electromagnetic flowmeter (5) is arranged on a pipeline between the slurry pump (7) and the absorption tower (2), a flue gas inlet of the absorption tower (2) is provided with a flue gas flowmeter, wherein the output end of the flue gas flowmeter, the output end of the electromagnetic flowmeter (5) and the output end of the limestone slurry pH meter (6) are connected with the input end of a control system (3), and the output end of the control system (3) is connected with the control end of the slurry pump (7) through a frequency converter (4).
2. The thermal power generating unit wet desulphurization pH value control system according to claim 1, characterized in that a regulating valve (8) is arranged on the pipeline between the slurry pump (7) and the electromagnetic flow meter (5).
3. The wet desulphurization pH value control system of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the control system (3) comprises a first controller (31), a processor (33) and a second controller (32), wherein the input end of the first controller (31) is connected with the limestone slurry pH meter (6), the output end of the first controller (31) and the output end of the flue gas flow meter are connected with the processor (33), the output end of the processor (33) and the output end of the electromagnetic flow meter (5) are connected with the input end of the second controller (32), and the output end of the second controller (32) is connected with the control end of the slurry pump (7) through the frequency converter (4).
4. A thermal power generating unit wet desulphurization pH value control method is characterized in that the thermal power generating unit wet desulphurization pH value control system based on claim 1 comprises the following steps:
limestone slurry output by the limestone slurry tank (1) is sent into the absorption tower (2) through a slurry pump (7) to absorb sulfur dioxide in the flue gas in the absorption tower (2), and then is discharged through a gypsum discharge pump;
limestone slurry flow information at the outlet of the slurry pump (7) is measured in real time through the electromagnetic flowmeter (5), then is sent to the second controller (32), the pH value of limestone slurry output by the slurry pump (7) is measured in real time through the limestone slurry pH meter (6), then is sent to the first controller (31), flue gas flow information entering the absorption tower (2) is measured in real time through the flue gas flowmeter, and then is sent to the processor (33);
the method comprises the steps that a first controller (31) calculates an ideal ratio of flue gas flow to limestone slurry flow according to a set value of limestone slurry pH and the pH value of limestone slurry measured by a limestone slurry pH meter (6), then the ideal ratio of the flue gas flow to the limestone slurry flow is input into a processor (33), the processor (33) calculates a set value of the limestone slurry flow according to the ideal ratio of the flue gas flow to the limestone slurry flow and flue gas flow information at an inlet of an absorption tower (2) measured by a flue gas flowmeter, then the set value of the limestone slurry flow is input into a second controller (32), the second controller (32) controls a slurry pump (7) through a frequency converter (4) according to the set value of the limestone slurry flow and limestone slurry flow information measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter (5), and the limestone slurry flow information measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter (5) and the set value of the limestone slurry flow are enabled to be obtained And the values are equal, and the control of the pH value of the wet desulphurization of the thermal power generating unit is realized.
5. The method for controlling the pH value of the wet desulphurization of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 4, wherein the ideal ratio P (t) of the flow rate of the flue gas to the flow rate of the limestone slurry is as follows:
Figure FDA0002481335670000021
wherein K is a set parameter gain; e (t) is the deviation between the pH value of the limestone slurry measured by the limestone slurry pH meter (6) and the pH set value of the limestone slurry at the time t; t isiRepresenting integration time, TdRepresenting the differential time.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112044243A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-12-08 华能国际电力股份有限公司上安电厂 Automatic control system and method for emission indexes of thermal power generating unit desulfurization device
CN113731149A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-03 华能南京金陵发电有限公司 Wet desulphurization control method and device

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JPH11207141A (en) * 1998-01-26 1999-08-03 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Method for controlling flow rate of absorbent slurry of desulfurizer for stack gas and device therefor
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112044243A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-12-08 华能国际电力股份有限公司上安电厂 Automatic control system and method for emission indexes of thermal power generating unit desulfurization device
CN113731149A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-03 华能南京金陵发电有限公司 Wet desulphurization control method and device

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