CN111407277B - Magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image registration method for acute ischemic stroke - Google Patents
Magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image registration method for acute ischemic stroke Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image registration method for acute ischemic stroke, which comprises the following steps of firstly, preprocessing by resampling and the like to ensure that a structural image, a functional image and a template space of the stroke are kept consistent in spatial resolution; secondly, registering the structural image of the stroke to a template space to obtain a deformation vector field; then, mapping functional images (a cerebral blood flow chart and a diffusion weighted image) of the cerebral apoplexy to a template space by using a deformation vector field to realize the correspondence of perfusion images and diffusion images of the cerebral apoplexy on a spatial anatomical position; and finally, quantitatively analyzing the clinical diagnosis and treatment indexes such as mismatching, size, volume, position and the like of the infarct core/penumbra of the cerebral apoplexy magnetic resonance diffusion-perfusion image. Accurate registration of the cerebral stroke magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion images is helpful for effectively evaluating the time window and the tissue window of the cerebral stroke patient, and the patient is benefited.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic resonance imaging and digital images, and particularly relates to a magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image registration method for acute ischemic stroke.
Background
Stroke (also called stroke) is a common cerebrovascular disease, the morbidity rate is 246.8/10 ten thousand, the mortality rate is 114.8/10 ten thousand, wherein ischemic stroke accounts for about 87%, cerebral hemorrhage accounts for about 10%, subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for about 3%, and the society is heavily burdened. Acute ischemic stroke is also called acute cerebral infarction, is a focal cerebral function impairment disease caused by the interruption of blood supply of local brain tissues, and accounts for 69.6 percent of cerebral stroke in China. Once onset, accurate definition of the period of the disease (time window), rescue of ischemic penumbra (tissue window), striving for recanalization of the responsible vessels, and establishment of good collateral circulation are key to treatment and prognosis.
The diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke depends mainly on clinical history, symptoms and signs and imaging examination. Patients with suspected ischemic stroke in the clinic are examined by conventional Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to determine the presence of ischemic foci in the brain and to identify hemorrhagic stroke, brain tumors, brain trauma, and intracranial infectious diseases. The acute ischemic stroke lesion is represented by low density on a CT image, but the density difference with adjacent brain tissues is not large, and the diagnosis is easy to miss. Compared with CT, MRI has the advantages of no ionizing radiation, high diagnosis sensitivity, high specificity and the like, and can provide rich and reliable imaging basis for early diagnosis and effective treatment of cerebral infarction.
The image-guided acute cerebral infarction treatment is gradually changed from 'time being the brain' to 'physiology being the brain', and the judgment of the existence of an infarction focus and an ischemic penumbra is an important basis for early effective treatment. The best index for assessing infarct (ischemic core) can be provided by a magnetic resonance weighted imaging (DWI) sequence. DWI is the only detection method which reflects the water molecule diffusion movement in the living tissue noninvasively at present, has high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to acute cerebral ischemia, and provides visual and important basis for the early and timely treatment of stroke. And the hemodynamic change of the ischemic brain tissue is evaluated by utilizing magnetic resonance brain perfusion imaging, so that important reference values are provided for selection of a clinical treatment scheme, whether thrombolytic treatment is needed or not and disease prognosis judgment. Perfusion-diffusion mismatch (PDM) is considered as the "gold standard" for clinical judgment of ischemic penumbra, and can be evaluated for extent, degree and type of ischemia.
Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging includes dynamic magnetic sensitivity contrast enhanced perfusion imaging requiring injection of contrast agent and Perfusion Weighted Imaging (PWI) of dynamic enhanced scanning, and Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging techniques without injection of contrast agent. ASL is a non-invasive quantitative perfusion imaging mode, which utilizes endogenous contrast agents (water molecules in arterial blood) to obtain cerebral blood flow perfusion information of different areas by reversing radio frequency pulses, avoids the nephrotoxicity of gadolinium contrast agents and has high repeatability. However, in the early stages of infarction, the infarcted area may appear as both a dispersion limited non-perfused zone consisting of irreversibly damaged brain cells and a hypoperfused zone consisting of reversibly damaged brain cells. Therefore, it is the core of stroke treatment to save brain cells in the hypoperfusion zone as much as possible. This involves a high precision registration of ASL perfusion images and Diffusion Weighted Images (DWI) of stroke patients.
The acquisition of quantitative indexes of infarction focus and ischemic penumbra has important significance for cerebral apoplexy diagnosis and prognosis judgment. However, different Imaging methods cause the structural image and functional image (such as perfusion image and diffusion image) of stroke patients to have great differences in resolution, contrast, geometric deformation, etc., which makes the multi-modal image registration difficult and complicated, and the diagnosis and treatment of stroke is greatly affected by small registration errors (h.j.m.m. Mutsaerts, j.pet, d.l. Thomas, et al. company of artificial spin labeling registration protocols in the multi-center Magnetic Resonance Imaging (GENFI), j.magnetic Resonance Imaging, 47, 131-. At present, rigid transformation or affine transformation is generally adopted to solve the registration problem of DWI and ASL (g. Crisi, s. fiber, u. Scoditti, iterative spin labeling MRI to measure spatial temporal flow in irregular stroke, j. Neuroimaging, 29, 193 + 197, 2019). Since brain tissue is a pleomorphic organ, the registration error of the above method is large. Commercial software rapid (rapid processing of perfusion and diffusion) for stroke treatment can extract brain parameter maps of interest (m. Straka, g.w. Albers, r. Bammer, Real-time diffusion-perfusion analysis in access stroke, j. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 32, 1024-in 1037, 2010) by Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Perfusion Weighted Imaging (PWI), but it is difficult to solve the DWI and ASL accurate registration problem. Therefore, how to improve the registration accuracy of the magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image is a great challenge to be urgently solved by the acute ischemic stroke.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image registration method for acute ischemic stroke aiming at the technical problems of the existing cerebral stroke perfusion-diffusion image registration method. According to the method, the structural image and the functional image of the cerebral apoplexy are mapped to the template space, so that the perfusion-diffusion image of the cerebral apoplexy corresponds to the spatial anatomical position, and therefore clinical diagnosis and treatment indexes such as perfusion-diffusion mismatching, volume and the like are effectively and quantitatively analyzed.
An acute ischemic stroke magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image registration method comprises the following steps:
step 3, applying the second deformation vector field to the cerebral blood flow chart to obtain a deformed cerebral blood flow chart; and applying the first deformation vector field and the second deformation vector field to the diffusion weighted image to obtain a deformed diffusion weighted image.
An acute ischemic stroke magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image registration method further comprises the following steps:
extracting a hypo-perfusion area by using a hypo-perfusion threshold value in the deformed cerebral blood flow graph; and in the deformed diffusion weighted image, extracting the infarct core area by using the infarct core threshold value to obtain the size, the volume and the position of the low perfusion area and the infarct core area.
In step 2 as described above:
the registration of the structural image to the control image is realized by adopting an elastic deformation model; and (4) adopting an elastic deformation model to realize the spatial registration of the registered structural image to the template.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. different magnetic resonance imaging sequences cause a great difference in spatial resolution between structural images and functional images of stroke. In order to keep the spatial resolution of the structural image and the functional image of the stroke consistent, the down-sampling of the high-resolution image is realized through high-resolution reconstruction, and the excessive loss of detail information is avoided; the up-sampling of the low-resolution image is realized through low-resolution reconstruction, and the excessive introduction of artifacts and noises is avoided.
2. In order to effectively register magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion images of cerebral apoplexy, firstly, structural images are registered in a template space to obtain a deformation vector field, secondly, functional images (a cerebral blood flow chart and a diffusion weighted image) are mapped in the template space, then, the cerebral blood flow chart and the diffusion weighted image corresponding to the analysis space are compared, a low perfusion area and an infarction core area are extracted, the size, the volume, the perfusion-diffusion mismatching and other clinical indexes are quantified, and a one-stop report from original multi-modal data to the clinical indexes is realized.
3. The invention quantitatively analyzes the clinical diagnosis and treatment indexes such as mismatching, size, volume, position and the like of the infarct core/penumbra of the cerebral apoplexy magnetic resonance diffusion-perfusion image, and is beneficial to the diagnosis and prognosis judgment of the cerebral apoplexy.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention, comprising four steps: 1. preprocessing to ensure that the magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image of the cerebral apoplexy keeps consistent in the aspect of spatial resolution; 2. registering, namely mapping the structural image and the functional image of the stroke to a template space to obtain a transformed deformation vector field; 3. deformation, mapping the magnetic resonance perfusion image and the diffusion weighted image of the stroke to a template space to realize the registration of the magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image; 4. and analyzing, comparing and analyzing the registered magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image of the cerebral apoplexy, and quantifying relevant clinical indexes of the cerebral apoplexy.
FIG. 2 is a perfusion-diffusion image and analysis results of an acute ischemic stroke patient, wherein A is an original structural image (T1-FLAIR), B is an original diffusion-weighted image, and C is an original cerebral blood flow chart; mapping A, B and C to a template space, D is a deformed structural image (T1-FLAIR), E is a deformed diffusion weighted image, and F is a deformed cerebral blood flow chart; after the skull is removed, G is the result of removing the skull of the image D, H is the infarct core area extracted after removing the skull of the image E, and I is the hypoperfusion area extracted after removing the skull of the image F.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, and it is to be understood that the present invention has been described in the illustrative embodiments and is not to be construed as limited thereto.
An acute ischemic stroke magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image registration method comprises the following steps:
The template space (MNI 152) provides spatial location of the different anatomical structures of the brain, resulting in brain areas such as white matter, gray matter, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, putamen, posterior sulcus gyrus, thalamus, hippocampus, etc. The magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image of the stroke is registered to the template space, the magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image comprises a structural image and a functional image, the functional image comprises a cerebral blood flow graph and a diffusion weighted image, the magnetic resonance perfusion image comprises a control image and a mark image, the cerebral blood flow graph is obtained by calculating the control image and the mark image, perfusion and diffusion functions of different cerebral areas and function changes of a healthy side and a diseased side can be analyzed, and the determination and optimization of the stroke diagnosis and treatment scheme are facilitated. However, different imaging sequences cause a great difference in spatial resolution of magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion images of stroke (see fig. 1), such as structural images (T1/T2-FLAIR, Fluid weighted inversion recovery) having a size of 512 × 512 × 20, functional images such as Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) having a size of 256 × 256 × 20, template space size of 193 × 229 × 193, and control images (ASL-control) and marker images (ASL-labeling) in Arterial spin magnetic resonance perfusion imaging (ASL). The structural image, the functional image and the template space of the stroke are resampled by a three-dimensional high-resolution/low-resolution reconstruction method, so that the spatial resolution of the structural image, the functional image and the template space is kept consistent, such as 128 multiplied by 72. For the high-spatial-resolution image, the spatial resolution can be reduced by a three-dimensional low-resolution reconstruction method (or a down-sampling strategy); for low spatial resolution images, the spatial resolution can be improved by a three-dimensional high-resolution reconstruction method (or an up-sampling strategy).
And 2, registering, namely mapping the structural image (T1/T2-FLAIR) and the functional image (the cerebral blood flow chart and the diffusion weighted image) of the stroke to a template space (MNI 152) to obtain a transformed Deformation Vector Field (DVF) of the stroke.
In clinical magnetic resonance examination of acute ischemic stroke, the imaging sequence scanning sequence is generally first structural imaging (T1/T2-FLAIR) and then functional imaging (diffusion-weighted imaging and arterial spin magnetic resonance perfusion imaging). Control images (ASL-control) and marker images (ASL-labeling) of arterial spin magnetic resonance perfusion imaging are used to calculate a cerebral blood flow map (CBF), which provides cerebral blood flow perfusion kinetic information. The registration between the Diffusion Weighted Image (DWI) and the structural image (T1/T2-FLAIR) can be achieved by a rigid transformation, an affine transformation or an elastic deformation model (such as differential homomorphism), and the control image (ASL-control) and the marker image (ASL-labeling) can also be achieved by a rigid transformation, an affine transformation or an elastic deformation model.
Registration-1: the registration of the stroke structure image (T1/T2-FLAIR) to the control image (ASL-control) is realized, as shown in the attached figure 1. Because the imaging interval time of the two imaging sequences is slightly longer, the registration of the structural image (T1/T2-FLAIR) to the control image (ASL-control) can be realized by adopting an elastic deformation model (such as differential homomorphism), and a first deformation vector field (DVF-1) and a registered structural image (T1/T2-FLAIR) are obtained (namely, an intermediate product in the attached figure 1).
And (3) registration-2: the registration of the registered structural image (T1/T2-FLAIR) to the template space (MNI 152) is realized, as shown in the attached figure 1. As the registration between groups is realized, an elastic deformation model (such as a differential homoembryo) is adopted to realize the registration between the two, and a second deformation vector field (DVF-2) and a deformed structural image (T1/T2-FLAIR) are obtained (see the attached figure 1).
And 3, deformation, namely mapping a cerebral blood flow Chart (CBF) and a Diffusion Weighted Image (DWI) of the stroke to a template space (MNI 152), so as to realize the registration of perfusion-diffusion images, wherein the registration comprises two steps of deformation-1 and deformation-2.
Deformation-1: a cerebral blood flow map (CBF) of the stroke is calculated using the aforementioned control image (ASL-control) and marker image (ASL-labeling), which provides cerebral blood flow perfusion information for different brain regions. And applying the second deformation vector field (DVF-2) to the cerebral blood flow map (CBF) to realize the mapping of the cerebral blood flow map (CBF) to the template space (MNI 152) to obtain the deformed cerebral blood flow map (CBF) (see the attached figure 1).
Deformation-2: as shown in FIG. 1, the first deformation vector field and the second deformation vector field (DVF-1 and DVF-2) are applied to the Diffusion Weighted Image (DWI), so that the Diffusion Weighted Image (DWI) is spatially corresponding to the template space (MNI 152), and the deformed Diffusion Weighted Image (DWI) is obtained.
And 4, analyzing, namely comparing and analyzing the registered magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image of the cerebral apoplexy, and quantifying relevant clinical indexes of the cerebral apoplexy.
Mapping the cerebral blood flow chart of the cerebral apoplexy and the diffusion weighted image to a template space (MNI 152) through the steps 1-3, and realizing that the cerebral blood flow chart of the cerebral apoplexy corresponds to the diffusion weighted image on the spatial position. Since the template space (MNI 152) can provide spatial locations of different brain regions, cerebral blood perfusion and diffusion information of different brain regions can be analyzed. As shown in fig. 1, in the deformed cerebral blood flow graph, a hypoperfusion zone is extracted by using a hypoperfusion threshold; in the deformed diffusion weighted image, the infarct core area can also be extracted by using the infarct core threshold. Further, the size, volume and position of the hypoperfusion/infarct core zone can be analyzed.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. The magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image registration device for the acute ischemic stroke is characterized by comprising the following modules:
the method comprises the following steps that a module 1 is used for resampling a structural image, a functional image and a template space of the cerebral apoplexy, so that the spatial resolution of the structural image, the functional image and the template space are kept consistent, the functional image comprises a cerebral blood flow graph and a diffusion weighted image, and the cerebral blood flow graph is obtained by calculating a control image and a mark image;
module 2, registering the structural image to the control image to obtain a first deformation vector field and a registered structural image; registering the registered structural image to a template space to obtain a second deformation vector field and a deformed structural image;
the module 3 applies the second deformation vector field to the cerebral blood flow graph to obtain a deformed cerebral blood flow graph and realize the mapping of the cerebral blood flow graph to a template space; applying the first deformation vector field and the second deformation vector field to the diffusion weighted image to obtain a deformed diffusion weighted image and realize the spatial correspondence of the diffusion weighted image and the template space; thereby realizing the registration of perfusion-diffusion images.
2. The acute ischemic stroke magnetic resonance perfusion-diffusion image registration device as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the module 2:
the registration of the structural image to the control image is realized by adopting an elastic deformation model; and (4) adopting an elastic deformation model to realize the spatial registration of the registered structural image to the template.
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| CN111938686B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2021-04-20 | 上海市第六人民医院 | Brain medical image processing device and method |
| CN112288705B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2023-02-07 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Accurate quantification method for cerebral hypoperfusion area based on artery spin labeling |
| CN112842319B (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2021-09-24 | 北京钺曦科技有限公司 | Method for automatically determining ischemic penumbra through DWI and ASL |
| CN113112507B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2023-08-22 | 上海联影智能医疗科技有限公司 | Perfusion image analysis method, system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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| CN115880425B (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-07-25 | 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 | Method for reconstructing brain tumor by fusion of labeled three-dimensional multi-modal brain structures |
| CN117953027A (en) * | 2024-03-22 | 2024-04-30 | 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院 | DWI-FLAIR mismatch evaluation method, device, medium and product |
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