CN111406741A - 一种新型土壤薰蒸药剂及施用方法 - Google Patents
一种新型土壤薰蒸药剂及施用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- LFHISGNCFUNFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloropicrin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl LFHISGNCFUNFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000481 chemical toxicant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000005644 Dazomet Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAYICIQNSGETAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dazomet Chemical compound CN1CSC(=S)N(C)C1 QAYICIQNSGETAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000273928 Zingiber officinale Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000003291 Armoracia rusticana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011330 Armoracia rusticana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000131316 Panax pseudoginseng Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/18—Vapour or smoke emitting compositions with delayed or sustained release
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
- A01M21/04—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity
- A01M21/043—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity by chemicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/34—Nitriles
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型土壤薰蒸药剂及施用方法，涉及一种应用于农作物种植前的土壤薰蒸消毒处理的化学品及其混合物，特别是先盖地膜后将本发明涉及的化学品及其混合物滴灌施加于土壤中。管路将液体产品(土地净)导入膜内的滴灌带，均匀渗入土壤中，再挥发出主要成分的乙晴气体产生薰蒸作用。土壤湿度是手握成团，松开即散；地膜覆盖用开沟压边法(内侧压土)，密封好四边。本发明的目的在于避免使用剧毒且是化学武器原料的氯化苦作为薰蒸化学药剂而提供一种新的化学薰蒸药剂，同时采用地膜下施药剂的方式，避免化学薰蒸药剂在施药过程中的损耗和对作业人员的伤害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用于农作物种植前的土壤薰蒸消毒处理的化学品及其混合物，特别是先盖地膜后将本发明涉及的化学品及其混合物滴灌施加于土壤中。
背景技术
土壤消毒技术是在种植前，利用物理高温的方法和化学药剂薰蒸的方法对土壤处理，杀死病虫草害，给作物一个优良的生长环境，达到农作物增产和改善农作物品质的效果，同时减少生长期间的农药和肥料用量。最优的土壤薰蒸用化学药剂是溴甲烷。化学薰蒸药剂还有氯化苦、棉隆等。
中国最早应用土壤消毒技术在1994年，由以色列在连云港设厂生产溴甲烷并推广应用的，起先大量用在在烟草上，后来是草莓。大连染料厂 90年代每年出口日本2000多吨氯化苦和生产氯化苦的中间体苦味酸 2000多吨，后来逐步了解日本将氯化苦用于农业，1996年开始在国内推广；同时德国巴斯夫在山东蔬菜上推广棉隆。后来，嫁接苗技术在蔬菜上推广，土壤消毒技术在蔬菜上很少应用，基本上只在草莓和大姜上应用。氯化苦开始在人参上取得突破，并登记7、8种农产品，但在大姜和草莓上一直竞争不过溴甲烷。在保护臭氧层禁用溴甲烷的替代品选择中，氯化苦因效果比较接近溴甲烷而胜出，氯化苦借此良机成为第一位。
目前国内氯化苦用量在5000吨以下。大姜是主要应用。中国台湾用户在辣根种植前使用的是棉隆。氯化苦是采用注射法施于土壤中，然后盖膜,挥发成氯化苦气体产生作用；棉隆是人工手撒法拌入土中后盖膜，棉隆遇水分解出气体产生作用。氯化苦是***原料，属于***监控化学品且剧毒，中国于2020年以后禁止高毒农药用在食用农产品上。
在百度和360上均检索不到本发明的产品(土地净)的主要成分-乙晴用于土壤薰蒸的用途介绍，国内也无相关文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于避免使用剧毒且是化学武器原料的氯化苦作为薰蒸化学药剂而提供一种新的化学薰蒸药剂，同时采用地膜下施药剂的方式，避免化学薰蒸药剂在施药过程中的损耗和对作业人员的伤害。
本发明的目的通过如下措施来实现：管路将液体产品(土地净)导入膜内的滴灌带，均匀渗入土壤中，再挥发出主要成分的乙晴气体产生薰蒸作用。主管管路采用管径为16mm的塑料软管连接阀门，阀门出口直接连接管径为16mm的滴灌带，通过阀门来控制滴灌带的施药量。通过加入水而增大施药时的滴灌带的通过的流体量来达到各个滴灌孔的施药量的均匀。液体产品土地净可以在计量槽里加水进一步稀释后通过液位位差进入管路中；也可以用管道泵输送水通过文丘里管吸入液体产品土地净，再一起进入主管路，后者较优，文丘里管二端口径为6分。地膜厚度为6-12丝；最优8丝。地膜下的滴灌带间距在200mm-600mm,最优为400mm。滴灌带上滴灌孔间距200mm-400mm，最优300mm。土壤湿度是手握成团，松开即散；地膜覆盖用开沟压边法(内侧压土)，密封好四边。
本发明的产品使用量如下表：
本发明的使用温度与时间如下表(可以按内插法计算)：
本发明的积极效果在于发现一种媲美溴甲烷的化学薰蒸药剂的，有利于土壤消毒技术的推广应用，该化学品优于氯化苦，使用后土壤中菌落数等见下表对比：
Claims (10)
1.一种新的土壤薰蒸化学药剂，其特征在于先盖膜后膜下采用滴灌带施加药剂的方法。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新的土壤薰蒸化学药剂，其特征在于采用乙晴作为土壤薰蒸用化学药剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的新的土壤薰蒸化学药剂，其特征在于乙晴中添加2％的氯化苦作为警示剂。
4.根据权利要求2所述的新的土壤薰蒸化学药剂，其特征在于乙晴中添加48％的水稀释乙晴。
5.根据权利要求1所述的新的土壤薰蒸化学药剂，其特征在于地膜厚度为6-12丝。
6.根据权利要求5所述的新的土壤薰蒸化学药剂，其特征在于地膜厚度为8丝。
7.根据权利要求1所述的新的土壤薰蒸化学药剂，其特征在于地膜下滴灌带间距为200mm-400mm。
8.根据权利要求7所述的新的土壤薰蒸化学药剂，其特征在于地膜下的滴灌带间距为200mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的新的土壤薰蒸化学药剂，其特征在于地膜下的滴灌带上的滴灌孔间距为300mm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的新的土壤薰蒸化学药剂，其特征在于地膜下滴灌带的管径为16mm。
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Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2010271A (en) * | 1977-11-30 | 1979-06-27 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Process for producing metal salts of nitriles |
| GB9609978D0 (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1996-07-17 | Zeneca Ltd | Bicyclic amines |
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| JP2006016308A (ja) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-19 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 高純度クロルピクリン製造法 |
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| CN104059132A (zh) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-09-24 | 南京安吉生物科技有限公司 | 整合素阻断剂多肽及其制备方法和用途 |
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| CN107836314A (zh) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-03-27 | 山东省花生研究所 | 一种解除连作障碍的花生高产栽培法 |
-
2020
- 2020-01-16 CN CN202010047822.0A patent/CN111406741B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2010271A (en) * | 1977-11-30 | 1979-06-27 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Process for producing metal salts of nitriles |
| GB9609978D0 (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1996-07-17 | Zeneca Ltd | Bicyclic amines |
| CN1205686A (zh) * | 1995-12-27 | 1999-01-20 | 株式会社韩华 | 芳基苯甲酰脲衍生物以及包含这些衍生物的杀虫组合物 |
| CN1261542A (zh) * | 1999-01-21 | 2000-08-02 | 陶俊德 | 土壤消毒剂的施用方法 |
| JP2006016308A (ja) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-19 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 高純度クロルピクリン製造法 |
| CN101299919A (zh) * | 2005-11-01 | 2008-11-05 | 美国陶氏益农公司 | 活性增强的杀虫活性组合物 |
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| WO2010025850A1 (de) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-11 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Heterozyklisch substituierte anilinopyrimidine als fungizide |
| CN102499248A (zh) * | 2011-11-28 | 2012-06-20 | 山东农业大学 | 一种含棉隆和1,3-二氯丙烯用于土壤熏蒸的农药组合物 |
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| CN107836314A (zh) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-03-27 | 山东省花生研究所 | 一种解除连作障碍的花生高产栽培法 |
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| CN111406741B (zh) | 2021-11-02 |
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