CN111405515A - Internet of things based on 5G communication - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an Internet of things based on 5G communication, which comprises: a plurality of randomly distributed sensor nodes, wherein the total number of the sensor nodes is more than three; the sensor nodes comprise a source node, a plurality of intermediate nodes and a terminal node; the source node performs data interaction with the terminal node through at least one intermediate node; the source node, the intermediate node and the terminal node are all 5G communication nodes, and 5G antennas are arranged in the source node, the intermediate node and the terminal node so as to facilitate 5G-based data interaction; the 5G antenna comprises at least two antenna units, each antenna unit is of a double-antenna structure, the distance between the two antennas in the double-antenna is smaller than a preset distance threshold, each antenna unit does not depend on any decoupling structure, and the isolation degree of each antenna unit is higher than a preset isolation threshold. The invention has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to an Internet of things based on 5G communication.
Background
The fifth generation mobile communication technology is an extension of the latest generation cellular mobile communication technology, namely 4G (L TE-A, WiMax), 3G (UMTS, L TE) and 2G (gsm) systems, the performance goal of 5G is high data rate, reduced delay, energy saving, reduced cost, increased system capacity and large-scale equipment connection, the first phase of the 5G specification in Release-15 is to accommodate early commercial deployment, the second phase of Release-16 will be completed in 4 months of 2020, and is submitted as a candidate for the IMT-2020 technology to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) ITUIMT-2020 specification requiring speeds as high as 20Gbit/s, which has a broad prospect of use for achieving wide channel bandwidth and large capacity mimo.5g communications, and the related technologies are not yet mature, and therefore, both software and hardware for communication details and related algorithms need to be studied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an Internet of things based on 5G communication.
An internet of things based on 5G communication, the internet of things comprising:
a plurality of randomly distributed sensor nodes, wherein the total number of the sensor nodes is more than three;
the sensor nodes comprise a source node, a plurality of intermediate nodes and a terminal node;
the source node performs data interaction with the terminal node through at least one intermediate node;
the source node, the intermediate node and the terminal node are all 5G communication nodes, and 5G antennas are arranged in the source node, the intermediate node and the terminal node so as to facilitate 5G-based data interaction;
the 5G antenna comprises at least two antenna units, each antenna unit is of a double-antenna structure, the distance between two antennas in the double-antenna is smaller than a preset distance threshold, each antenna unit does not depend on any decoupling structure, and the isolation degree of the antenna units is higher than a preset isolation threshold; the similarity between each antenna unit directional diagram in the 5G antenna and the magnetic dipole directional diagram is smaller than a preset similarity threshold, the main radiation directions of the antenna units are mutually complementary, and the polarizations are mutually orthogonal.
Preferably, the preset distance threshold is 0.032 λ, the preset isolation threshold is 25dB, and each antenna element pattern in the 5G antenna has a minimum coupling (S21 ═ 0) at the resonant central frequency point, and coincides with the minimum insertion loss (S11 ═ 0).
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the antenna unit comprises a first array and a second array, the first array and the second array form a double-antenna structure, the first array and the second array are uniformly distributed on a rectangular dielectric substrate, the first array and the second array are arranged in a line-axial symmetry mode relative to a central axis of the dielectric substrate perpendicular to the long edge, and the first array and the second array have the same shape.
Preferably, the pattern of the first array comprises a first side, a second side and a third side with uniform width, a first port of the second side is perpendicularly connected with the first side, a second port of the second side is perpendicularly connected with the third side, so that the first side, the second side and the third side form a semi-enclosed shape, and the width of the first side, the width of the second side and the width of the third side are increased in sequence.
The pattern of the first array further comprises a fourth edge, the fourth edge is parallel to the second edge, the width of the fourth edge is larger than that of the second edge and smaller than that of the third edge, and the end point of the fourth edge and the end point of the third edge are spaced by a preset distance so as to conveniently set a feed port.
Preferably, the relationship between the sensor nodes may be a target topology or a non-target topology which can obtain the target topology after the virtual logic nodes are inserted.
Preferably, the target topology formed by the sensor nodes meets the following requirements:
and in the process that signals are transmitted from a source node to a terminal node along any feasible line in the target topology, if the signals pass through the sensor nodes, the positions of the sensor nodes in the feasible lines correspond to the hop stages of the sensor nodes, and if the hop stages are fixed, the positions of the sensor nodes in any feasible line are fixed.
Preferably, the method may support modifying the internet of things with the non-target topology into the internet of things with the target topology by inserting the logical virtual node, and the method for modifying the internet of things with the non-target topology into the internet of things with the target topology by inserting the logical virtual node includes:
extracting a target entity node, wherein the target entity node is a sensor node and has different hop counts in each feasible line of non-target topology;
all feasible lines including the target entity node are exhausted to obtain hop count stage quantity N of the target entity node;
setting N-1 virtual logic nodes based on the target entity node, inserting different virtual logic nodes into different lines containing the target entity, and setting the communication cost of communication between the virtual logic nodes and the target entity node to be 0;
and after designing the corresponding virtual logic node for any target entity node, constructing a target topology comprising the virtual logic node.
According to the Internet of things based on 5G communication, a feasible Internet of things communication scheme is provided by setting a specific antenna structure, a connection topology and a communication strategy, so that the communication capacity can be greatly improved, the communication cost is reduced, and the Internet of things based on 5G communication has a good use prospect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions and advantages of the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internet of things based on 5G communication provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit of the 5G antenna provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary target topology provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary non-target topology provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the Internet of things provided by the invention for modifying the Internet of things with non-target topology into target topology by inserting logical virtual nodes;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a target topology with virtual logical nodes according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a method for performing communication in the internet of things provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or server that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an internet of things based on 5G communication, as shown in figure 1, the internet of things comprises:
a plurality of randomly distributed sensor nodes, wherein the total number of the sensor nodes is more than three;
the sensor nodes comprise a source node, a plurality of intermediate nodes and a terminal node;
the source node performs data interaction with the terminal node through at least one intermediate node;
the source node, the intermediate node and the terminal node are all 5G communication nodes, and 5G antennas are arranged in the source node, the intermediate node and the terminal node, so that 5G-based data interaction can be conveniently carried out.
Specifically, the 5G antenna includes at least two antenna units, each antenna unit is of a dual-antenna structure, a distance between two antennas in the dual-antenna is smaller than a preset distance threshold, and each antenna unit does not depend on any decoupling structure, and the isolation of the antenna units is higher than a preset isolation threshold; the similarity between each antenna unit directional diagram in the 5G antenna and the magnetic dipole directional diagram is smaller than a preset similarity threshold, the main radiation directions of the antenna units are mutually complementary, and the polarizations are mutually orthogonal.
Obviously, the 5G antenna in the embodiment of the present invention has a distinctive feature different from the antennas in the prior art, in order to meet the communication requirement of 5G, the communication antenna needs to be specially designed, however, it is difficult to achieve the compatibility of coupling degree, occupied space and decoupling, for example, to reduce coupling, it is usually necessary to arrange the antenna at a long distance, or a decoupling structure is designed, which increases the occupied space of the antenna and causes the 5G antenna to occupy too much space to be distributed in the sensor node, the embodiment of the invention designs the antenna 5G antenna comprising a plurality of antenna units, and the isolation degree can be higher than a preset threshold value without using a decoupling structure, and the 5G antenna can be arranged in the sensor node by the unique design, so that the Internet of things based on 5G communication is constructed.
In one possible embodiment, the predetermined distance threshold is 0.032 λ, the predetermined isolation threshold is 25dB, each antenna element pattern in the 5G antenna is similar to a magnetic dipole pattern, and at its resonant center frequency point, there is a minimum coupling (S21 ═ 0) that coincides with the minimum insertion loss (S11 ═ 0). Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention further discloses a specific structure of the antenna unit of the 5G antenna:
the antenna unit comprises a first array and a second array, the first array and the second array form a double-antenna structure, the first array and the second array are uniformly distributed on a rectangular dielectric substrate, the first array and the second array are arranged in a line-axial symmetry mode relative to a central axis of the dielectric substrate perpendicular to the long edge, and the first array and the second array have the same shape.
The pattern of the first array comprises a first edge 1, a second edge 2 and a third edge 3 which are uniform in width, a first port of the second edge 2 is vertically connected with the first edge 1, a second port of the second edge 2 is vertically connected with the third edge 3, so that the first edge 1, the second edge 2 and the third edge 3 form a semi-surrounding shape, and the width of the first edge 1, the width of the second edge 2 and the width of the third edge 3 are sequentially increased.
The pattern of the first array further comprises a fourth edge 4, wherein the fourth edge 4 is parallel to the second edge 2, the width of the fourth edge is larger than that of the second edge 2 and smaller than that of the third edge 3, and the fourth edge 4 is spaced from the end point of the third edge 3 by a preset distance so as to conveniently set a feed port.
Although the antenna array provided by the embodiment of the invention has a simple structure, the antenna array only has a main antenna radiation structure and does not have any decoupling structure, therefore, the size is smaller, although no special decoupling measure is set, the unique four-side design ensures that an ideal isolation point is generated at the working center frequency point, after the test, the S21 with the minimum coupling point is 0, and the arrangement of the two arrays of the double antennas back to back can make the directions of unit blind spots complement each other, so that the 5G antenna radiates in an omnidirectional manner in a 3D space and does not have radiation blind spots. In addition, the two antennas are polarized in an orthogonal mode, the diversity of radiation patterns is increased, and the communication effect can be improved in 5G communication.
In a specific embodiment, in order to enable the internet of things to be put into use with low cost and low loss, a target topology formed by the sensor nodes meets the following requirements:
and in the process that signals are transmitted from a source node to a terminal node along any feasible line in the target topology, if the signals pass through the sensor nodes, the positions of the sensor nodes in the feasible lines correspond to the hop stages of the sensor nodes, and if the hop stages are fixed, the positions of the sensor nodes in any feasible line are fixed.
As shown in fig. 3, a typical target topology is shown. Obviously, A- > B1- > C2- > D and A- > B1- > C1- > D are two feasible lines, and obviously, in the two lines, the hop-count stage of B1 is 2, and similarly, other nodes also have fixed hop-count stages. This topology meets the requirements of the embodiments of the present invention, namely a target topology.
As shown in fig. 4, a typical non-target topology is shown. Obviously, A- > B- > C- > D- > E and A- > B- > D- > E are two feasible lines, and one of the hop stages of D is 4 and one is 3, and the hop stage is not fixed, so that the target topology is not realized.
In a preferred embodiment, in order to improve the compatibility of the internet of things in the embodiment of the present invention, a correlation algorithm may be implemented for the internet of things with the non-target topology and the internet of things with the target topology. Specifically, the modifying the internet of things with the non-target topology into the internet of things with the target topology by inserting the logical virtual node includes, as shown in fig. 5:
s1, extracting a target entity node, wherein the target entity node is a sensor node and has different hop count stages in each feasible line of non-target topology.
And S2, exhausting all feasible lines including the target entity node to obtain the hop count stage quantity N of the target entity node.
The hop count stage quantity is used for describing that the target entity node can have several hop count stages in each feasible line. If two of the hop count stages D in fig. 4 are 4 and one is 3, the number of hop count stages is 2.
S3, setting N-1 virtual logic nodes based on the target entity node, inserting different virtual logic nodes into different lines containing the target entity, and setting the communication cost of communication between the virtual logic nodes and the target entity node to be 0.
And each virtual logic node is directly connected with the target entity node. And the weight of the preposed node is the same as that of the target entity node and the preposed node in the non-target topology.
And S4, after designing the corresponding virtual logic node for any target entity node, constructing a target topology comprising the virtual logic node.
Therefore, the relationship between the sensor nodes in the embodiment of the present invention may be a target topology or a non-target topology which can obtain the target topology after the virtual logic node is inserted.
As shown in fig. 6, which illustrates the target topology of fig. 4 obtained after insertion of the virtual logical node. The weights on the edges in the topology graph express the communication cost, and obviously, the logical communication cost between a virtual logical node and its corresponding target entity node is 0. In the embodiment of the invention, S represents a stage state set, S1＝{A},S2＝{B},S3＝{C,D1},S4＝{D},S5{ E }, wherein D1A virtual logical node of D. The subscript of the state variable set is the same as the hop count stage, wherein the nodes have the same number of stages. The set of node states constitutes a set of phase states.
Specifically, the internet of things in the embodiment of the present invention executes the following communication method, as shown in fig. 7, including:
s10, acquiring all sensor nodes, and constructing a communication topological graph according to the sensor nodes and the related nodes of the sensor nodes, wherein the related nodes of the sensor nodes comprise other sensor nodes capable of directly sending data to the sensor nodes and other sensor nodes capable of directly acquiring the data of the sensor nodes.
And S20, judging whether the communication topological graph describes a target topology.
And S30, if not, inserting a virtual logic node into the communication topological graph, and correcting the communication topological graph so that the corrected communication topological graph describes a target topology.
S40, obtaining the weight of each edge in the communication topological graph, wherein the weight is used for describing the communication cost of data transmission from the data output node corresponding to the edge to the data receiving node corresponding to the edge.
And S50, calculating a communication strategy according to the target topology and the weight.
Specifically, P is used in the embodiment of the present invention1,n(S1)＝{d1(S1),d2(S2),…,dn(Sn) Denotes from the initial state S1And starting a whole process strategy formed by the decision of n hop number stages, wherein the communication strategy is the optimal strategy of the whole process strategy under the condition of considering the weight. The embodiment of the invention also takes the strategy of the next (n-k +1) hop number stage starting after the kth hop number stage as the rear sub-strategy of the whole-process strategy, and the strategy is marked as Pk,n(S1)＝{dk(Sk),dk+1(Sk+1),…,dn(Sn)}. In a possible embodiment, the communication cost of each strategy of the whole process strategy can be calculated according to the weight to obtain the communication strategy.
In another possible embodiment, the state transition equation can also be derived from the full process strategy:
Sk+1＝Tk(Sk,dk(Sk) Wherein, TkRepresenting the state transition coefficient at the kth hop count stage. The state transition equation characterizes the dependency of the state and decision variables of the kth stage.
According to the formula
And carrying out recursive calculation to obtain the communication strategy. D, KE, K in the formulafsRespectively representing weight, sending energy consumption index and receiving energy consumption index, wherein the sending energy consumption index and the receiving energy consumption index are known quantities.
And S60, carrying out data transmission according to the communication strategy.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an Internet of things based on 5G communication, and provides a feasible Internet of things communication scheme by setting a specific antenna structure, a connection topology and a communication strategy, so that the communication capability can be greatly improved, the communication cost is reduced, and the Internet of things communication system has a good use prospect.
It should be noted that: the precedence order of the above embodiments of the present invention is only for description, and does not represent the merits of the embodiments. And specific embodiments thereof have been described above. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may also be possible or may be advantageous.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, as for the device and server embodiments, since they are substantially similar to the method embodiments, the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiments.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by a program instructing relevant hardware, where the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. The Internet of things based on 5G communication is characterized by comprising:
a plurality of randomly distributed sensor nodes, wherein the total number of the sensor nodes is more than three;
the sensor nodes comprise a source node, a plurality of intermediate nodes and a terminal node;
the source node performs data interaction with the terminal node through at least one intermediate node;
the source node, the intermediate node and the terminal node are all 5G communication nodes, and 5G antennas are arranged in the source node, the intermediate node and the terminal node so as to facilitate 5G-based data interaction;
the 5G antenna comprises at least two antenna units, each antenna unit is of a double-antenna structure, the distance between two antennas in the double-antenna is smaller than a preset distance threshold, each antenna unit does not depend on any decoupling structure, and the isolation degree of the antenna units is higher than a preset isolation threshold; the similarity between each antenna unit directional diagram in the 5G antenna and the magnetic dipole directional diagram is smaller than a preset similarity threshold, the main radiation directions of the antenna units are mutually complementary, and the polarizations are mutually orthogonal.
2. The internet of things as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the preset distance threshold is 0.032 lambda, the preset isolation threshold is 25dB, and each antenna unit directional diagram in the 5G antenna has a minimum coupling (S21 is 0) at the resonance central frequency point and coincides with the minimum insertion loss (S11 is 0).
3. The internet of things of claim 1, further comprising:
the antenna unit comprises a first array and a second array, the first array and the second array form a double-antenna structure, the first array and the second array are uniformly distributed on a rectangular dielectric substrate, the first array and the second array are arranged in a line-axial symmetry mode relative to a central axis of the dielectric substrate perpendicular to the long edge, and the first array and the second array have the same shape.
4. The internet of things as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the pattern of the first array comprises a first edge, a second edge and a third edge which are uniform in width, a first port of the second edge is vertically connected with the first edge, a second port of the second edge is vertically connected with the third edge, so that the first edge, the second edge and the third edge form a semi-enclosed shape, and the width of the first edge, the width of the second edge and the width of the third edge are sequentially increased;
the pattern of the first array further comprises a fourth edge, the fourth edge is parallel to the second edge, the width of the fourth edge is larger than that of the second edge and smaller than that of the third edge, and the end point of the fourth edge and the end point of the third edge are spaced by a preset distance so as to conveniently set a feed port.
5. The internet of things of claim 1, wherein:
the relationship between the sensor nodes can be a target topology or a non-target topology which can obtain the target topology after the virtual logic nodes are inserted.
6. The internet of things of claim 1, wherein:
the target topology formed by the sensor nodes meets the following requirements:
and in the process that signals are transmitted from a source node to a terminal node along any feasible line in the target topology, if the signals pass through the sensor nodes, the positions of the sensor nodes in the feasible lines correspond to the hop stages of the sensor nodes, and if the hop stages are fixed, the positions of the sensor nodes in any feasible line are fixed.
7. The internet of things of claim 1, wherein:
the method can support the internet of things with the non-target topology to be modified into the internet of things with the target topology by inserting the logic virtual nodes, and the method for modifying the internet of things with the non-target topology into the internet of things with the target topology by inserting the logic virtual nodes comprises the following steps:
extracting a target entity node, wherein the target entity node is a sensor node and has different hop counts in each feasible line of non-target topology;
all feasible lines including the target entity node are exhausted to obtain hop count stage quantity N of the target entity node;
setting N-1 virtual logic nodes based on the target entity node, inserting different virtual logic nodes into different lines containing the target entity, and setting the communication cost of communication between the virtual logic nodes and the target entity node to be 0;
and after designing the corresponding virtual logic node for any target entity node, constructing a target topology comprising the virtual logic node.
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| 余世平等: "基于5G移动通信技术的物联网应用分析", 《电子世界》 * |
| 李继蕊等: "物联网环境下数据转发模型研究", 《软件学报》 * |
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