CN111399031B - Method for acquiring and processing mountain land seismic data - Google Patents
Method for acquiring and processing mountain land seismic data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for acquiring and processing mountain seismic data, which relates to the field of oil-gas exploration, and comprises the following steps of (1) designing a virtual VSP observation system according to a mountain front zone and a terrain thereof, and acquiring seismic data; (2) processing the acquired seismic data to obtain a seismic section and a depth velocity model, carrying out seismic data acquisition on a mountain front zone by designing a virtual VSP acquisition system, and carrying out correction work of related shot points and wave detection points; processing related seismic data by using a seismic data processing method of a non-zero offset (VSP); and then the CDP point coordinates in the pseudo VSP seismic profile data are subjected to coordinate conversion so as to be adjusted into the seismic profile displayed in an actually measured coordinate system, and the seismic data and the related processing result acquired according to the method can be used for structure interpretation of complex structural zones, reservoir prediction, fracture prediction, provision of related depth and velocity models and other works.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil-gas exploration, in particular to a method for acquiring and processing mountain seismic data.
Background
In the field of geophysical exploration, after seismic data are acquired by a conventional seismic acquisition method, the seismic data need to be processed, explained and inverted, and exploration well position demonstration is carried out by using obtained results. Therefore, the seismic data obtained by seismic acquisition and the related processing technical method have great influence on subsequent seismic interpretation work, and the success or failure of the subsequent related work is determined. In mountain seismic data processing, the determination of the depth and the velocity of the stratum is quite critical and relates to the success or failure of prestack depth migration imaging.
A number of exploration practices have shown that conventional seismic reflection imaging is not ideal in highly steep areas of the formation. For example, in some exploration areas in the basin margin zone of northeast of Chuandong, the seismic data obtained cannot be accurately imaged due to the poor excitation and reception conditions. Moreover, multiple imaging processing is carried out on the seismic data, and no matter the technologies such as prestack depth migration or poststack migration and the like, the interpretation work can not be carried out by using related processing results. Causing the exploration work of the oil and gas in the exploration area to enter a stagnation state. In current oil and gas exploration, the mountain front is valued by related oil and gas exploration companies, and a batch of high-yield oil and gas flow is drilled in the mountain front. Therefore, the mountain front is now an important area of investigation in oil and gas exploration.
In general, seismic exploration in the mountain front is restricted, and besides high acquisition cost, the problem of seismic data imaging exists. The inversion phenomenon occurs in the stratum due to the complex structure of the mountain front zone. Due to such geological conditions, the stratum velocity of the stratum is not accurately obtained, and thus the processing and imaging effects of related conventional seismic data, such as conventional prestack depth migration processing, are affected. Therefore, it is also critical to find a relatively accurate depth velocity model for mountainous areas. Some invention specializes in that a topographic factor-based shot point migration method provides that a gradient value of a topographic factor in a work area is calculated according to a digital elevation model of the work area to obtain a gradient digital model file of the work area, a bilinear interpolation method is used to obtain the gradient value of each shot point according to the gradient digital model file of the work area, the shot point needing migration is determined according to the gradient value of each shot point and a set gradient limit value, a position meeting the set gradient limit value is selected within the range of longitudinal and transverse migration limit values of the shot point needing migration, and the shot point needing migration is migrated; the invention is specially designed as a three-dimensional seismic observation system optimization design method based on a geological geophysical model, a priori geological geophysical model is established, an observation system for collecting two or more kinds of three-dimensional seismic data is designed, a virtual spectrum method three-dimensional wave equation numerical simulation and a three-dimensional seismic physical model simulation are combined to conduct forward modeling to complete data collection, collected data are subjected to prestack depth migration processing based on common reflection points to obtain a plurality of seismic processing imaging results, the plurality of seismic processing imaging results are subjected to comprehensive comparison evaluation of imaging quality, and one optimal seismic imaging result is determined through comparison. From the related results of the recent mountain seismic data acquisition and processing, the following problems mainly exist:
(1) the acquisition system established on the conventional plain is not suitable for mountain seismic data acquisition, and a set of system suitable for mountain seismic data acquisition is urgently needed to be established.
(2) The conventional seismic data processing technology is not suitable for mountain seismic data processing, and a technical method different from the conventional seismic data processing needs to be established so that the conventional seismic data processing technology is suitable for processing mountain seismic data.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for collecting and processing the mountain land seismic data is provided to solve the problems of inaccurate mountain land depth velocity model establishment and seismic data imaging in conventional seismic data processing, and has the characteristics of economical feasibility and strong technical operability.
The invention provides a method for collecting and processing mountain land seismic data, which comprises the following steps,
(1) designing a virtual VSP observation system according to the mountain front zone and the terrain thereof, and acquiring seismic data to obtain related seismic data;
(2) and processing the acquired seismic data according to the virtual VSP observation system and the related processing technology to obtain a seismic profile and a depth velocity model.
The mountain front zone refers to an area with relative violent change of land surface and landform, the front of the mountain front zone is generally a gentle area with small surface fluctuation, and the mountain body is mainly a hilly land with small height difference. The front of the mountain and the mountain body are in a state of large height difference with the plain in front of the mountain, rocks in a high mountain area are relatively exposed, a weathered layer covers a little, plants are generally not high, and the top of the mountain top is relatively gentle. While the windage layer is thicker in the plains or hilly areas in front of the mountains, the vegetation is relatively abundant, the vegetation grows higher, and the terrain is relatively flat. The mountain edges are generally steep. The differences and boundaries between the mountain front zone and the plain can be understood from the related satellite maps.
Further, the step (1) specifically comprises,
(1-1) designing a seismic survey line according to the geological condition and the topographic condition of the mountain front zone;
(1-2) performing forward analysis on rays of a target layer to determine parameters of a field observation system;
and (1-3) implementing seismic data acquisition through the seismic data acquisition system.
Further, the step (1-1) specifically includes,
arranging wave detection points (receiving) at the low part of the plain area of the mountain front zone and the slope part of the mountain body;
and arranging a shot point (excitation) at the top of the mountain.
Or interchanging the excitation and receiving positions of the two.
The virtual VSP observation system is mainly characterized in that the virtual VSP observation system is not received in a well, but the relevant excitation point is arranged on the top surface of a mountain body of a mountain front zone, and the receiving point is arranged on a flat land zone below the mountain and on the slope of the mountain body. The designed position relation of the shot point and the demodulator probe forms an inverted L-shaped non-zero offset VSP observation system relative to the relation between the well and the surface.
Furthermore, the parameters of the field observation system comprise positions, moving directions and distances of shot points and demodulator probes, and the positions, the related moving directions, the distances and other parameters of the shot points and the demodulator probes are designed according to an actual VSP observation system;
the distance between the shot point and the wave detection point is equal or unequal;
the shot point and the demodulator probe can be moved in the same or different directions or in a mode of moving the shot point without moving the demodulator probe. This may form a two-dimensional seismic data acquisition system. The seismic data acquisition system is similar to a conventional two-dimensional data acquisition system, and a related seismic data volume is obtained by performing seismic data acquisition on a designed seismic data acquisition system.
Further, the step (2) specifically comprises,
(2-1) correcting positions of shot points and wave detection points in seismic data acquired in the field, and correcting the actually measured coordinates and elevations of the shot points and the wave detection points to the virtual VSP observation system so as to form related virtual well depth receiving points and surface excitation points;
(2-2) adding the correction values of the shot point and the demodulator probe into the seismic channel head data, and processing to obtain an initial VSP seismic section;
and (2-3) carrying out CDP coordinate transformation processing on the initial VSP seismic section to obtain a pseudo VSP seismic section matched with the position of the actually measured seismic section.
Further, the step (2-1) specifically includes,
determining a measured virtual wellhead point (x)o，yo，ho) And virtual well bottom point (x)o，yo，hi)
Respectively correcting the shot point and the wave detection point to a set virtual earth surface line and a set virtual well track;
the virtual well track is a straight line connecting the virtual wellhead point and the virtual well bottom point and is vertical to the reference surface;
the virtual earth surface line is a straight line which is led out from a wellhead point and forms a perpendicular line with the virtual well track and is parallel to the reference surface;
the virtual well bottom point is a position with a relatively small elevation and is relatively close to the position of the mountain front zone, and the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the related earthquake excitation and receiving are not influenced.
Further, the step (2-2) specifically includes,
calculating the vertical distance between the shot point and the demodulator probe and the virtual earth surface line or the virtual well track by respectively using the replacement speed and the distance data according to the actually measured coordinates and elevation data of the shot point and the demodulator probe so as to obtain the static correction value of the corresponding shot point and demodulator probe;
correcting the seismic data of the corresponding shot points and the corresponding demodulator probes by using the static correction values, and respectively correcting the relevant shot points and demodulator probes to the virtual earth surface line and the virtual well track;
and (3) combining the surface geological condition of the mountain area, and performing seismic data processing by using a conventional non-zero-bias VSP processing flow to obtain an initial VSP seismic profile.
Further, the step (2-3) specifically includes,
establishing a mathematical relation formula for conversion between a virtual coordinate system and an actually measured coordinate system of a virtual VSP observation system;
establishing a two-dimensional coordinate relationship between a shot point and a wave detection point;
and converting the CDP point coordinate of the virtual VSP observation system into the CDP point coordinate in the actual measurement coordinate system through a conversion relation formula between the virtual coordinate system and the actual measurement coordinate system, and performing buried depth and speed calculation and seismic section display of the related layer.
Furthermore, the virtual coordinate system specifically uses the virtual earth surface line as an X axis and the virtual well trajectory as an H axis to establish a virtual coordinate system using the virtual well head point as an origin.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of carrying out seismic data acquisition on a mountain front zone by designing a virtual VSP acquisition system, and carrying out correction work on related shot points and wave detection points; processing related seismic data by using a seismic data processing method of a non-zero offset (VSP); and then carrying out coordinate conversion on the CDP point coordinates in the pseudo VSP seismic section data so as to adjust the CDP point coordinates into the seismic section displayed in the actually measured coordinate system. The seismic data and the related processing result acquired according to the method can be used for multiple operations such as structure interpretation and reservoir prediction of complex structural zones, crack prediction, provision of related depth and velocity models and the like, and have the characteristics of more information content, accuracy, economy, feasibility and reliable technology compared with the seismic data acquired by conventional seismic acquisition.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for designing seismic acquisition parameters according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of relevant seismic acquisition parameters and virtual well trajectories and surface lines according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The execution subject of the embodiment is the design of the seismic acquisition parameters, and an observation system and a seismic data processing method aiming at the designed seismic acquisition parameters are established. The method specifically designs a pseudo VSP system for mountain seismic data acquisition and processing, and performs related correction on the obtained seismic data and then performs non-zero offset VSP data processing, so that a relatively accurate depth and velocity model and seismic profile can be provided. The method has the characteristics of relative economy, high feasibility and the like, and is worth popularizing in mountain front zone seismic exploration of relevant exploration areas.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a seismic acquisition parameter design and processing flow for a certain mountain front zone according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, a method for acquiring mountain seismic data provided by the present invention includes:
designing a related virtual VSP observation system according to a mountain front zone and the terrain thereof, and acquiring related seismic data to obtain related seismic data;
secondly, according to the virtual VSP observation system and the related processing technology, seismic data processing is carried out on the collected seismic data, and coordinate transformation is carried out, so that a related seismic section and a depth velocity model are obtained;
designing a related virtual VSP observation system according to a pre-mountain zone and the terrain thereof, and acquiring and processing related seismic data to obtain related seismic data, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in step 1, a relevant virtual VSP observation system is designed according to the mountain front zone and the terrain thereof, relevant seismic data acquisition is carried out, and relevant seismic data are obtained. The main operation is to establish a virtual VSP observation system suitable for the frontmost zone. The system is obtained by designing related seismic survey lines according to the geological conditions and the terrain conditions of the pre-mountain area. The survey line is mainly in a conventional two-dimensional seismic exploration form, related demodulation point positions are designed at the low part of a plain area of a mountain front zone and the slope part of a mountain body to form a part of the two-dimensional survey line, and projections (on a virtual well track) of demodulation point intervals in the vertical direction can be arranged at equal intervals or unequal intervals; and setting shot points at the top of the mountain, wherein the projections of the shot points on the reference surface can be arranged at equal intervals or at unequal intervals. And relevant seismic acquisition forward modeling software is used for implementing ray forward modeling analysis aiming at the target layer, so that corresponding field observation system parameters are determined.
The mountain front zone refers to an area with relative violent change of land surface and landform, the front of the mountain front zone is generally a gentle area with small surface fluctuation, and the mountain body is mainly a hilly land with small height difference. The front of the mountain and the mountain body are in a state of large height difference with the plain in front of the mountain, rocks in a high mountain area are relatively exposed, a weathered layer covers a little, plants are generally not high, and the top of the mountain top is relatively gentle. While the windage layer is thicker in the plains or hilly areas in front of the mountains, the vegetation is relatively abundant, the vegetation grows higher, and the terrain is relatively flat. The mountain edges are generally steep. The differences and boundaries between the mountain front zone and the plain can be understood from the related satellite maps.
The virtual VSP observation system is mainly characterized in that the receiver is not received in a well, the relevant receiver is arranged in a slope part and a plain low part of a mountain front zone, and an excitation point is arranged on a mountain top area. The designed position relation of the shot point and the wave detection point forms an inverted L-shaped non-zero VSP observation system relative to the relation between the well and the earth surface, and the positions of the shot point and the wave detection point, the related moving direction, the distance and other parameters are designed according to the actual non-zero VSP observation system and the forward modeling result. The distance between the shot point and the demodulator probe can be equal or unequal, the moving directions of the shot point and the demodulator probe can be consistent or inconsistent, and the moving excitation receiving mode of the demodulator probe without moving and the shot point moving can be set, so that a two-dimensional seismic data acquisition system can be formed. The seismic data acquisition system is similar to a conventional two-dimensional data acquisition system, and a related seismic data volume is obtained by performing seismic data acquisition on a designed seismic data acquisition system.
In step 2, according to the virtual VSP observation system and the related processing technology, the seismic data acquired are processed by seismic data and subjected to coordinate transformation to obtain a related seismic profile and depth velocity model, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the positions of shot points and demodulator probes are corrected to a relevant reverse L-shaped non-zero offset VSP observation system. The specific operation is to virtual wellhead point (x)o，yo，ho) And virtual well bottom point (x)i，yi，hi) And virtual earth surface line data, wherein a straight line connecting the virtual wellhead point and the virtual well bottom point is set as a virtual well track, and a straight line perpendicular to the virtual well track is led out from the wellhead point and is used as a virtual earth surface line. And respectively correcting the shot point and the wave detection point to a set virtual earth surface line and a set virtual well track. The virtual earth surface line is a straight line parallel to the reference plane (plane), i.e. the virtual well head (h)o) The elevation of the virtual well trajectory is the same, and the position where the perpendicular line of the virtual well head to the datum plane intersects the ground surface is the designed demodulation position. The virtual well trajectory is also a straight line generated by intersecting a vertical line drawn from the virtual well head to the reference plane with a point on the earth's surface. The ground point is in principle a location with a relatively small elevation and is relatively close to the location of the mountain front zone, and does not affect the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the relevant seismic excitation and reception. In processing the acquired seismic data, the associated well head point (x) may also be processedo，yo，ho) Three parameters are tested, preferably a suitable virtual wellhead point (x)o、yo、ho) And entering a relevant processing flow. In actual operation, the coordinates (x) measured according to the shot point and the wave detection pointj，yj) And elevation data (h)j) Respectively combining the twoAnd calculating by using the replacement speed and the related distance data, namely the vertical distance between the replacement speed and the related virtual earth surface line or the virtual well track, so as to obtain the static correction values of the related shot point and the demodulator probe. In the technology of the invention, the set actually measured three-dimensional coordinate system is the same as the coordinate system used in the actual seismic exploration, namely, the x and y coordinate axes on the plane are added with an h axis vertical to the plane, and the depth h is defined as positive value when the depth h is higher than the sea level and negative value when the depth h is lower than the sea level.
Adding the correction values of the shot point and the wave detection point corrected by the virtual VSP well system into the seismic channel head data, performing seismic data processing by using a related non-zero offset VSP processing flow, software and hardware to obtain a seismic data processing section, and performing related conversion calculation on virtual coordinate data on a CDP of the pseudo VSP seismic section to obtain the pseudo VSP seismic section matched with the actual measurement coordinate system. The relevant operation steps are specifically that the relevant static correction values are used for respectively correcting the seismic data of the shot point and the demodulator probe, and the relevant shot point and demodulator probe are respectively corrected to the virtual earth surface line and the virtual well track. And then combining the surface geological conditions of the mountain area, and carrying out seismic data processing by using a conventional non-zero-bias VSP processing flow so as to obtain a VSP seismic profile.
The method comprises the steps of utilizing relevant static correction values to correct seismic data of shot points and demodulator probes respectively, correcting the relevant shot points and demodulator probes to virtual earth surface lines and virtual well tracks respectively, establishing a virtual coordinate system and establishing a mathematical relation formula for conversion between the virtual coordinate system and an actual measurement coordinate system. In actual operation, a virtual coordinate system with a virtual wellhead as an origin is established by taking a virtual earth surface line as an X axis and a virtual well track as an H axis, and a mathematical conversion relation between the virtual coordinate system and an actual measurement coordinate system is obtained. By establishing a virtual coordinate system, a two-dimensional coordinate relation of a shot point and a demodulator probe is established, so that a two-dimensional seismic section can be generated. In general, the coordinate axis of the virtual surface line is set to the X axis, which is the coordinate axis of the CDP point in the pseudo VSP seismic section. Through a conversion relation formula between the virtual coordinate system and the actual measurement coordinate system, the CDP point coordinates of the pseudo VSP seismic section can be converted into the CDP point coordinates in the actual measurement coordinate system, and the buried depth and the speed of the related layer are obtained, the seismic section is displayed and the like.
In the step, mainly combining the surface geological condition of the mountain area, processing the seismic data obtained by the technology by utilizing the conventional non-zero offset VSP processing flow to obtain a VSP seismic section passing through a virtual well, converting the CDP point coordinates of the pseudo VSP seismic section to obtain coordinate values in an actual measurement coordinate system, and displaying according to related CDP points in the actual measurement coordinate system. In addition, information such as stratum, lithology, speed and the like on the relevant virtual well track can be obtained from the surface geology of the mountainous area, so that parameters and calibration are provided for relevant VSP data processing. And (3) carrying out coordinate transformation on the CDP points of the processed pseudo VSP seismic section, so that the relevant data of the seismic section after the coordinate transformation can be displayed as the same as the actually measured conventional seismic section, thereby completing the acquisition and processing of relevant mountain seismic data, and really obtaining the underground geological condition of the mountain front zone to serve for relevant oil-gas exploration. In addition, the horizon interpretation data and the horizon velocity data of the virtual VSP seismic data obtained by the technology can provide an accurate velocity depth model for the related prestack depth migration processing.
The non-zero offset VSP processing flow mainly comprises preprocessing, same-depth superposition, first arrival picking, spectrum analysis and band-pass filtering, seismic source wavelet shaping, static time shifting and aligning, wave field separation, deconvolution, VSPCP superposition imaging, offset imaging and the like. At this stage, the non-zero-bias VSP processing technology is very mature, and a relatively large number of various technical methods are available.
In addition, according to the present invention example, a person skilled in the art can expand the relevant mountain land acquisition mode, such as an excitation mode on the top surface of the mountain and a stereo reception mode on the plane, and design a relevant seismic processing system to perform seismic data processing, and perform coordinate conversion and seismic data processing on the relevant data volume.
The above steps are described below with reference to specific examples.
In this example, seismic data acquisition and processing for a mountain front zone are performed on marine shale layer detection of a high and steep part of a three-dimensional work area, which is mainly performed according to the technical process of the invention (fig. 1). Due to the influence of various interference and processing methods, the two-dimensional seismic data in the exploration area have unclear imaging of a target layer and cannot meet the requirements of related seismic data interpretation. Therefore, in order to illustrate the acquisition and processing effect of the technology, the acquisition system is arranged on the original two-dimensional seismic survey line. Therefore, the comparison of the relevant seismic data is carried out to judge the quality of the seismic section obtained by the conventional and the present invention.
In step 1, in the actual seismic data acquisition process of shale gas in a certain exploration area, a related two-dimensional seismic observation system is established to acquire seismic data, so that an inverted L-shaped virtual VSP acquisition system (fig. 2) is formed. Shot points (excitation points) are respectively distributed on the high parts of the mountainous area, wave detection points are arranged on the slope and plain areas of the mountainous area, the interval of the wave detection points is 4m to 10m, the total length of the wave detection point lines is about 4.1km, and 2421m is vertically arranged. The arrangement of the wave detection points is that the wave detection points are arranged along the front flat ground and the gentle slope of the mountain to the bottom, the interval of the shot points is large or small, the total shot distance is different from 10-40m, nearly 1292 shot points are designed in the relevant range, and the shot point design can deviate from the left and right of the virtual earth surface line within a certain range and accords with the relevant acquisition specification. And completing the seismic data acquisition work on the line according to the related seismic acquisition design to obtain the related seismic data.
In step 2, the collected seismic data is processed by related seismic data to obtain related seismic data for seismic data interpretation. And according to the seismic data acquired in the field, carrying out static correction work of shot points and demodulator probes aiming at the virtual earth surface lines and the virtual well tracks to obtain related correction values. And a related technical process is established for the processing of the non-zero offset VSP seismic data. And (3) performing seismic data processing work by using related processing software and hardware equipment to obtain pseudo VSP seismic profile data. And carrying out CDP coordinate transformation processing on the seismic section to obtain a pseudo VSP seismic section matched with the position of the actually measured seismic section.
Actual operation shows that the field seismic data acquisition and processing work aiming at the mountain front zone is compared with the original two-dimensional seismic section, so that the method has the characteristics of clear target layer reflection and accurate structural imaging, and is superior to the achievement of conventional two-dimensional seismic acquisition. In addition, the calibration coincidence with the well-seismic synthetic record of a certain shale gas well arranged on the measuring line is better, and the geological purpose is achieved.
While the foregoing description shows and describes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to exclude other embodiments and may be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and may be modified within the scope of the inventive concept described herein by the above teachings or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for collecting and processing mountain land seismic data is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises that
(1) Designing a virtual VSP observation system according to the mountain front zone and the terrain thereof, and acquiring seismic data; the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps,
(1-1) designing a seismic survey line according to the geological condition and the topographic condition of the mountain front zone;
the step (1-1) specifically comprises the steps of arranging wave detection points at the low part of a plain area of a mountain front zone and the slope part of a mountain body; setting a shot point at the top of the mountain; or interchanging the two;
(1-2) performing forward analysis on rays of a target layer to determine parameters of a field observation system;
(1-3) performing seismic data acquisition by a seismic data acquisition system;
(2) and processing the acquired seismic data to obtain a seismic section and a depth velocity model.
2. The method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the field observation system parameters comprise positions, moving directions and distances of a shot point and a wave detection point;
the distance between the shot point and the wave detection point is equal or unequal;
the moving directions of the shot point and the wave detection point are consistent or inconsistent or the wave detection point is set to be fixed, and the shot point is moved.
3. The method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps,
(2-1) correcting the positions of shot points and wave detection points to the virtual VSP observation system;
(2-2) adding the correction values of the shot point and the demodulator probe into the seismic channel head data, and processing to obtain an initial VSP seismic section;
and (2-3) carrying out CDP coordinate transformation processing on the initial VSP seismic section to obtain a pseudo VSP seismic section matched with the position of the actually measured seismic section.
4. The method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the step (2-1) specifically comprises the steps of,
respectively correcting the shot point and the wave detection point to a set virtual earth surface line and a set virtual well track;
the virtual well track is a straight line connecting the virtual wellhead point and the virtual well bottom point and is vertical to the reference surface;
the virtual earth surface line is a straight line which is led out from a wellhead point and forms a perpendicular line with the virtual well track and is parallel to the reference surface;
the virtual well bottom point is a position with a relatively small elevation and is relatively close to the position of the mountain front zone, and the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the related earthquake excitation and receiving are not influenced.
5. The method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the step (2-2) specifically comprises the steps of,
calculating the vertical distance between the shot point and the demodulator probe and the virtual earth surface line or the virtual well track by respectively using the replacement speed and the distance data according to the actually measured coordinates and elevation data of the shot point and the demodulator probe so as to obtain the static correction value of the corresponding shot point and demodulator probe;
correcting the seismic data of the corresponding shot points and the corresponding demodulator probes by using the static correction values, and respectively correcting the relevant shot points and demodulator probes to the virtual earth surface line and the virtual well track;
and (3) combining the surface geological condition of the mountain area, and performing seismic data processing by using a conventional non-zero-bias VSP processing flow to obtain an initial VSP seismic profile.
6. The method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the step (2-3) specifically comprises the steps of,
establishing a mathematical relation formula for conversion between a virtual coordinate system and an actually measured coordinate system of a virtual VSP observation system;
establishing a two-dimensional coordinate relationship between a shot point and a wave detection point;
and converting the CDP point coordinate of the virtual VSP observation system into the CDP point coordinate in the actual measurement coordinate system through a conversion relation formula between the virtual coordinate system and the actual measurement coordinate system, and performing buried depth and speed calculation and seismic section display of the related layer.
7. The method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the virtual coordinate system specifically uses a virtual earth surface line as an X axis and a virtual well track as an H axis to establish a virtual coordinate system using a virtual well head point as an origin.
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