CN111396846A - Intelligent control method for boiler - Google Patents
Intelligent control method for boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN111396846A CN111396846A CN202010213283.3A CN202010213283A CN111396846A CN 111396846 A CN111396846 A CN 111396846A CN 202010213283 A CN202010213283 A CN 202010213283A CN 111396846 A CN111396846 A CN 111396846A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/42—Applications, arrangements, or dispositions of alarm or automatic safety devices
- F22B37/46—Applications, arrangements, or dispositions of alarm or automatic safety devices responsive to low or high water level, e.g. for checking, suppressing, extinguishing combustion in boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses an intelligent boiler control method, which comprises the steps of collecting parameter data in a boiler P L C system by utilizing an OPC protocol, preprocessing the data, carrying out average filtering processing on the flow data, avoiding data disturbance caused by complex production environment and various uncertain factors, and eliminating influence on a control process.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of steam boilers, in particular to an intelligent control method for a boiler.
Background
The boiler is an important device for generating electricity in the thermal power plant, and the boiler is used for sending steam generated by the boiler to a steam turbine, converting heat energy into mechanical energy and converting the mechanical energy into electric energy through a generator.
The working principle of the boiler is as follows: the coal gas and the air enter the hearth to be combusted to generate smoke with certain heat, and the smoke passes through the boiler system, the smoke evolution system and finally the chimney to be discharged. During the flowing process of the flue gas in the boiler, heat is transferred to various heating surfaces in different modes. Boiler feed water is changed into superheated steam through an economizer, a water-cooled wall and a superheater and is used for pushing a steam turbine to do work, and the steam pumped back after a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine does work is changed into reheated steam.
At present, gas-fired boilers in most of the metallurgical industry are controlled manually, the manual control is delayed in knowing the actual situation on site, timely adjustment cannot be made on the change of the process conditions on site, the combustion efficiency of the boiler is low, and resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an intelligent boiler control method to solve the technical problem that manual control causes low boiler combustion efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the application discloses the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the application discloses an intelligent boiler control method, which comprises the steps of collecting parameter data in a boiler P L C system by utilizing an OPC protocol;
preprocessing the data to eliminate disturbance;
the combustion controller is utilized to carry out drum water level control, main steam temperature control, hearth pressure control, steam pressure control and air-fuel ratio control, wherein: and coupling control is adopted for the hearth pressure control, the steam pressure control and the air-fuel ratio control.
Optionally, the data includes: steam pressure, steam temperature, steam flow, steam drum water level, hearth pressure, air guiding quantity, air supply quantity, coal gas flow, coal gas pressure, temperature reduction water flow and waste gas oxygen content.
Optionally, the data is preprocessed, including: judging whether the collected current gas flow is a required value or not according to the change size and the change direction of the gas pressure value; and if the current gas flow is not the required value, giving the current value to the last acquired value as the current gas flow value.
Optionally, the coupling control process includes:
controlling the hearth pressure, namely judging the hearth pressure and the hearth pressure threshold value in a feedforward control mode; if the hearth pressure is smaller than the hearth pressure threshold value, the negative pressure intelligent controller controls and adjusts a valve of an induced draft fan to increase air induction quantity, controls and adjusts a valve of a blower to increase air supply quantity, and finally controls and adjusts a gas valve to increase gas flow; when the pressure of a hearth needs to be reduced, firstly controlling and adjusting a gas valve to reduce the gas flow, then controlling and adjusting a blower valve to reduce the air output, and finally controlling and adjusting a draught fan valve to reduce the air output;
controlling steam pressure, and judging the steam pressure and a steam pressure threshold value; if the steam pressure is smaller than the steam pressure threshold value, the negative pressure intelligent controller controls and adjusts a valve of an induced draft fan to increase the air induction quantity, controls and adjusts a valve of a blower to increase the air supply quantity, and finally controls and adjusts a gas valve to increase the gas flow; if the steam pressure is larger than the steam pressure threshold value, controlling and adjusting a gas valve to reduce the gas flow, controlling and adjusting a blower valve to reduce the air output, and finally controlling and adjusting a draught fan valve to reduce the air output;
air-fuel ratio control, presetting an air-fuel ratio base band according to the oxygen content of the waste gas; and adjusting the air induction quantity, the air supply quantity and the gas flow according to the values of the air-fuel ratio baseband, the steam pressure and the steam temperature.
Optionally, the drum water level control mode is as follows:
a1: the steam drum main adjusting controller outputs a main adjusting instruction to adjust the flow of the desuperheating water according to the received steam drum water level data;
a2: the steam drum auxiliary control device receives the steam flow data and judges whether a false water level occurs or not;
a3: if false water level occurs, return to A1;
a4: if the false water level does not occur, the execution mechanism executes a main adjusting instruction;
a5: the steam pocket auxiliary regulation controller receives the temperature-reduction water flow data and judges whether the execution mechanism executes the main regulation instruction or not;
a6: if the executing mechanism does not execute the main adjusting instruction, the steam pocket auxiliary adjusting controller outputs an auxiliary adjusting instruction, and the executing mechanism executes the auxiliary adjusting instruction;
d7: if the execution mechanism has executed the primary throttle instruction, return to A1.
Optionally, the vice regulation controller of steam pocket receives the desuperheating water flow data, judges whether actuating mechanism carries out the main regulation instruction, includes:
the steam pocket auxiliary regulation controller receives the temperature-reducing water flow data, and if the temperature-reducing water flow data is not changed, the execution mechanism is judged not to execute the main regulation instruction; and if the temperature-reduction water flow data are changed, judging that the executing mechanism executes a main adjusting instruction.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application is:
the utility model provides a boiler intelligent control method, which collects each parameter data in a boiler P L C system by utilizing an OPC protocol, preprocesses the data, carries out average filtering processing on the flow data, avoids data disturbance caused by complex production environment and various uncertain factors, and eliminates the influence on the control process, and utilizes a combustion controller to carry out steam drum water level control, main steam temperature control, hearth pressure control, steam pressure control and air-fuel ratio control, wherein the hearth pressure control, the steam pressure control and the air-fuel ratio control adopt coupling control.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent control method for a boiler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a drum water level control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides an intelligent boiler control method, including:
the method comprises the steps of collecting parameter data in a boiler P L C system by utilizing an OPC protocol, wherein the data comprises steam pressure, steam temperature, steam flow, steam drum water level, hearth pressure, induced air quantity, air supply quantity, coal gas flow, coal gas pressure, desuperheating water flow and waste gas oxygen content.
And preprocessing the data to eliminate disturbance.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: judging whether the collected current gas flow is a required value or not according to the change size and the change direction of the gas pressure value; and if the current gas flow is not the required value, giving the current value to the last acquired value as the current gas flow value.
In the production process, when the working condition changes, the gas flow can change along with the change, and because the production is complicated and changeable, certain uncertain interference factors exist, the flow value is increased or reduced instantly, and then the normal flow is recovered, and the condition can bring misleading to decision and make wrong control. In order to eliminate disturbance, whether the currently acquired gas flow value is a required value or not is judged according to the change size and the direction of the pressure. If the current gas flow value is not the required value, the last acquired value is given to the current value as the current gas flow value.
If the gas pressure is increased and the gas flow is increased at the same time, the currently acquired gas flow value is the required value; if the gas pressure is reduced and the gas flow is reduced at the same time, the gas flow value acquired currently is a required value; if the change of the gas pressure is inconsistent with the change direction of the gas flow, namely the gas pressure is increased and the gas flow is reduced, or the gas pressure is reduced and the gas flow is increased, or the gas pressure is not changed and the gas flow is suddenly changed, the currently acquired gas flow value is not a required value, and the previously acquired value is given as the current gas flow value.
The combustion controller is utilized to carry out drum water level control, main steam temperature control, hearth pressure control, steam pressure control and air-fuel ratio control, wherein: and coupling control is adopted for the hearth pressure control, the steam pressure control and the air-fuel ratio control.
The coupling control process comprises the following steps:
controlling the hearth pressure, namely judging the hearth pressure and the hearth pressure threshold value in a feedforward control mode; if the hearth pressure is smaller than the hearth pressure threshold value, the negative pressure intelligent controller controls and adjusts a valve of an induced draft fan to increase air induction quantity, controls and adjusts a valve of a blower to increase air supply quantity, and finally controls and adjusts a gas valve to increase gas flow; when the pressure of a hearth needs to be reduced, the gas valve is controlled and adjusted to reduce the gas flow, then the air blower valve is controlled and adjusted to reduce the air output, and finally the draught fan valve is controlled and adjusted to reduce the air output.
The induced air quantity is adjusted by adjusting an induced air baffle or adjusting the rotating speed of an induced draft fan through a frequency converter. The purpose of air guiding quantity adjustment is to maintain negative pressure of the hearth. Generally, the time constant of the boiler flue object is relatively small, and the adjusting channel and the disturbance channel can be regarded as proportional links. Considering that the negative pressure of the hearth reflects the balance relation between the induced air quantity and the air supply quantity, a feedforward control mode can be adopted. The air volume is changed and the air guiding volume is also changed.
In the process of adjusting the induced draft air door, the output forces of the two fans are kept equal, namely the outlet pressures are equal. In order to achieve the purpose of energy saving, the induced draft fan usually adopts frequency conversion to control the rotating speed of the fan to change the negative pressure of a hearth, the negative pressure of the hearth is usually maintained at minus 80 to minus 30Pa, the micro negative pressure state is realized, the load of the induced draft fan is relatively small, and the purpose of power saving is achieved. The application introduces automatic combustion control, realizes the coordinated control of induced air, air supply and coal gas, and better adjusts the negative pressure of the hearth.
Controlling steam pressure, and judging the steam pressure and a steam pressure threshold value; if the steam pressure is smaller than the steam pressure threshold value, the negative pressure intelligent controller controls and adjusts a valve of an induced draft fan to increase the air induction quantity, controls and adjusts a valve of a blower to increase the air supply quantity, and finally controls and adjusts a gas valve to increase the gas flow; if the steam pressure is larger than the steam pressure threshold value, the gas valve is controlled and adjusted to reduce the gas flow, then the blower valve is controlled and adjusted to reduce the air output, and finally the induced draft fan valve is controlled and adjusted to reduce the air output.
As the boiler load increases, its steam flow increases. The steam pressure is a mark for measuring whether the steam quantity is adaptive to the external load or not, the pressure in the steam drum is the centralized embodiment of the internal energy of the evaporation equipment, and when the input quantity is greater than the output quantity, the internal energy of the evaporation equipment is increased, and the air pressure is increased; conversely, the steam pressure decreases, and thus the change is determined by the heat balance.
The drum pressure is slightly higher than the main steam pressure, the difference is the flow pressure drop from the drum to the outlet of the superheater, the difference is large when the load is high, and the difference is small when the load is low. Therefore, to maintain the main steam pressure constant, the proper drum pressure is mainly maintained. The load of the boiler is mainly determined by the gas flow and is related to the heat value of the fuel. The application introduces automatic combustion control, realizes the coordinated control of induced air, air supply and coal gas, and better adjusts the negative pressure of the hearth.
Air-fuel ratio control, presetting an air-fuel ratio base band according to the oxygen content of the waste gas; and adjusting the air induction quantity, the air supply quantity and the gas flow according to the values of the air-fuel ratio baseband, the steam pressure and the steam temperature.
In the embodiment, the air-fuel ratio is optimally set by using an air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller, a double-input single-output control structure is adopted, the oxygen content deviation and the deviation change rate of the exhaust gas are used as control output, and the adjustment increment of the air-fuel ratio is used as control output. And performing increment adjustment under the condition that the optimal air-fuel ratio of the combustion controller and the prediction expert model is given an initial value to obtain the optimal air-fuel ratio.
The air-fuel ratio optimization target requirements are: the oxygen content is kept at the target value by optimally setting the air-fuel ratio, combustion is carried out with a larger air excess coefficient, and convection heat transfer is enhanced, so that the temperature of a hearth is favorably improved. When the oxygen content of the exhaust gas exceeds a set value, reducing the air-fuel ratio; conversely, the air-fuel ratio is increased. The deviation of the oxygen content of the exhaust gas and the rate of change thereof have a large correlation with the optimum air-fuel ratio.
As shown in fig. 2, the drum water level control mode is as follows:
a1: and the steam drum master regulating controller outputs a master regulating instruction to regulate the flow of the desuperheating water according to the received steam drum water level data.
A2: the steam drum auxiliary control device receives steam flow data; and judging whether a false water level occurs. If a false water level occurs, return to A1. If no false water level occurs, the execution mechanism executes the main adjustment instruction.
A3: and the steam pocket auxiliary control device receives the temperature-reducing water flow data.
A4: and judging whether the executing mechanism executes the main regulating instruction or not. If so, return to A1; if not, A4 is executed.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: the steam pocket auxiliary regulation controller receives the temperature-reducing water flow data, and if the temperature-reducing water flow data is not changed, the execution mechanism is judged not to execute the main regulation instruction; and if the temperature-reduction water flow data are changed, judging that the executing mechanism executes a main adjusting instruction.
A5: the steam pocket secondary regulation controller outputs a secondary regulation instruction, and the execution mechanism executes the secondary regulation instruction.
The main variables of drum water level control are steam flow, feed water flow and drum water level. Therefore, three-variable three-impulse control is introduced in the drum water level control.
The output of the steam drum main regulation controller is sent to the steam drum auxiliary regulation controller to send a command of reducing the temperature and water flow. If the temperature-reducing water flow signal is not consistent with the instruction, the steam drum auxiliary regulation controller is used for changing the opening degree of the water supply regulating valve by the actuating mechanism so as to enable the temperature-reducing water flow signal to be consistent with the output of the steam drum main regulation controller. If the flow information of the desuperheating water output by the steam drum main adjusting controller does not fluctuate, and actually measured desuperheating water flow signals fluctuate, the factors such as an actuating mechanism, a valve and even water supply pressure change, and the changed factors are called internal disturbance. In this case, the drum level is eventually affected regardless of the change, and the adjustment is performed after the drum level is changed and the main adjustment is performed, so that the adjustment is overshot due to a delay. The function of the secondary regulation controller of the steam drum is to eliminate disturbance quickly, and if the regulation is reasonable, the water level of the steam drum can be free from or less disturbed. One important function of the establishment of the water flow signal of the temperature-reducing water is to eliminate internal disturbance.
The working principle is as follows: the steam drum water level is used as a main signal, the output of the regulator changes when the water level changes, and then the flow of the desuperheating water is changed, so that the water level is restored to a given value; the steam flow is used as a feedforward signal to prevent false water level from causing the regulator to generate wrong action; the water supply flow is used as a feedback signal, so that the regulator can eliminate internal disturbance according to a feedforward signal when the water level is not changed, the regulation process is stable, and the effect of stabilizing the water supply flow is achieved.
The steam flow signal is introduced to overcome external disturbances and "false water levels". The false water level means that when the load of a unit is suddenly increased, the output steam quantity of a boiler is suddenly increased, the evaporation quantity of the boiler is increased, the temperature reduction water quantity is not changed in time, and the water level of a steam drum is reduced; however, the steam pressure is suddenly reduced due to the sudden increase of the steam outlet quantity of the boiler, so that steam bubbles in a steam-water mixture in the steam drum are sharply increased, the steam bubbles drive the water level of the steam drum to increase in a virtual manner, and the water level of the steam drum is increased. When the boiler has false water level, the water level of the steam drum increases, and the main regulation controller of the steam drum reduces the actuating mechanism, thus aggravating the situation of water level reduction. However, due to the existence of the feedforward signal, once the steam flow is increased, the steam drum auxiliary control device commands the actuating mechanism to be opened, and the influence caused by the false water level is counteracted. Therefore, the feedback signal and the feedforward signal of the side modulation have great effects and are also necessary.
The method comprises the steps of collecting parameter data in a boiler P L C system by utilizing an OPC protocol, preprocessing the data, carrying out average filtering processing on flow data, avoiding data disturbance caused by complex production environment and various uncertain factors, and eliminating influence on a control process.
Since the above embodiments are all described by referring to and combining with other embodiments, the same portions are provided between different embodiments, and the same and similar portions between the various embodiments in this specification may be referred to each other. And will not be described in detail herein.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a circuit structure, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such circuit structure, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the presence of an element identified by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a circuit structure, article or device comprising the element.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.
The above-described embodiments of the present application do not limit the scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. An intelligent control method for a boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring parameter data in a boiler P L C system by utilizing an OPC protocol;
preprocessing the data to eliminate disturbance;
the combustion controller is utilized to carry out drum water level control, main steam temperature control, hearth pressure control, steam pressure control and air-fuel ratio control, wherein: and coupling control is adopted for the hearth pressure control, the steam pressure control and the air-fuel ratio control.
2. The intelligent control method for a boiler according to claim 1, wherein the data comprises: steam pressure, steam temperature, steam flow, steam drum water level, hearth pressure, air guiding quantity, air supply quantity, coal gas flow, coal gas pressure, temperature reduction water flow and waste gas oxygen content.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein preprocessing the data comprises: judging whether the collected current gas flow is a required value or not according to the change size and the change direction of the gas pressure value; and if the current gas flow is not the required value, giving the current value to the last acquired value as the current gas flow value.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the coupling control is performed by:
controlling the hearth pressure, namely judging the hearth pressure and the hearth pressure threshold value in a feedforward control mode; if the hearth pressure is smaller than the hearth pressure threshold value, the negative pressure intelligent controller controls and adjusts a valve of an induced draft fan to increase air induction quantity, controls and adjusts a valve of a blower to increase air supply quantity, and finally controls and adjusts a gas valve to increase gas flow; when the pressure of a hearth needs to be reduced, firstly controlling and adjusting a gas valve to reduce the gas flow, then controlling and adjusting a blower valve to reduce the air output, and finally controlling and adjusting a draught fan valve to reduce the air output;
controlling steam pressure, and judging the steam pressure and a steam pressure threshold value; if the steam pressure is smaller than the steam pressure threshold value, the negative pressure intelligent controller controls and adjusts a valve of an induced draft fan to increase the air induction quantity, controls and adjusts a valve of a blower to increase the air supply quantity, and finally controls and adjusts a gas valve to increase the gas flow; if the steam pressure is larger than the steam pressure threshold value, controlling and adjusting a gas valve to reduce the gas flow, controlling and adjusting a blower valve to reduce the air output, and finally controlling and adjusting a draught fan valve to reduce the air output;
air-fuel ratio control, presetting an air-fuel ratio base band according to the oxygen content of the waste gas; and adjusting the air induction quantity, the air supply quantity and the gas flow according to the values of the air-fuel ratio baseband, the steam pressure and the steam temperature.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the drum level is controlled in a manner that:
a1: the steam drum main adjusting controller outputs a main adjusting instruction to adjust the flow of the desuperheating water according to the received steam drum water level data;
a2: the steam drum auxiliary control device receives the steam flow data and judges whether a false water level occurs or not;
a3: if false water level occurs, return to A1;
a4: if the false water level does not occur, the execution mechanism executes a main adjusting instruction;
a5: the steam pocket auxiliary regulation controller receives the temperature-reduction water flow data and judges whether the execution mechanism executes the main regulation instruction or not;
a6: if the executing mechanism does not execute the main adjusting instruction, the steam pocket auxiliary adjusting controller outputs an auxiliary adjusting instruction, and the executing mechanism executes the auxiliary adjusting instruction;
d7: if the execution mechanism has executed the primary throttle instruction, return to A1.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the secondary drum regulation controller receives the desuperheating water flow data and determines whether the actuator is executing the primary regulation command, comprising:
the steam pocket auxiliary regulation controller receives the temperature-reducing water flow data, and if the temperature-reducing water flow data is not changed, the execution mechanism is judged not to execute the main regulation instruction; and if the temperature-reduction water flow data are changed, judging that the executing mechanism executes a main adjusting instruction.
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| CN202010213283.3A CN111396846A (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2020-03-24 | Intelligent control method for boiler |
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| CN202010213283.3A CN111396846A (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2020-03-24 | Intelligent control method for boiler |
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| CN112212322A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-12 | 河北国超热力工程有限公司 | Intelligent control method for optimizing combustion of thermodynamic circulating fluidized bed boiler |
| CN112856478A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-05-28 | 新智数字科技有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for adjusting air-fuel ratio of gas boiler |
| CN118009301A (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-05-10 | 广州强昇热能技术有限公司 | Intelligent control method, control system and storage medium for boiler |
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