CN111394172A - Physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process for rice oil - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/008—Refining fats or fatty oils by filtration, e.g. including ultra filtration, dialysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/16—Refining fats or fatty oils by mechanical means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice oil physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process, which comprises the following steps: s1, weighing raw rice bran crude oil, and heating the raw rice bran crude oil to 80-85 ℃. Has the advantages that: the invention adopts a physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification method, namely, the acid value of the rice bran crude oil is reduced to 4-5mg KOH/g by the physical distillation method, at the moment, almost all oryzanol and most vitamin E are still remained in the rice bran crude oil, and the color of the rice bran oil is more ideal; and then the acid value is further reduced to be within the product standard by a chemical alkali refining method, so that the refining consumption is low, and the loss of physiological active substances such as oryzanol, vitamin E and the like is low. Therefore, the physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification method overcomes the defects of the traditional single physical distillation method and chemical alkali refining method, not only can obtain the rice bran oil with low acid value and ideal color, but also can effectively retain the physiological active substances such as oryzanol, vitamin E and the like in the rice bran oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deacidification processes for rice oil, in particular to a physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process for rice oil.
Background
The grease obtained by extracting and separating the fat in the rice through the processes of squeezing or leaching and the like is the rice oil. The rice bran oil and the rice pearl oil are classified into two types: the oil extracted from rice bran (the protective skin layer of rice such as pericarp, seed coat, and endosperm) is rice bran oil, the oil extracted from rice bran (the refined product of rice milling from rice embryo and aleurone layer in clean production workshop) is rice bran oil, and rice is called "Tianciyuan nutritional source".
Because the rice bran is extremely easy to be rancid, the rice oil is difficult to refine, so that the rice oil refining rate is low. The prior deacidification method applied to rice bran oil industrialization comprises a physical distillation method and a chemical alkali refining method. The oil refined by the physical distillation method has deep color and high content of free fatty acid; the chemical alkali refining method has high refining consumption and large loss of physiologically active substances.
In order to solve the problems, a physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process for rice oil is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the background art and provides a physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process for rice oil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process for rice oil comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing raw rice bran crude oil, heating the raw rice bran crude oil to 80-85 ℃, adding hot water with the temperature of 90 ℃ in the stirring process, stirring in a reactor for 40min, and then, entering a butterfly centrifuge for centrifugal separation to obtain degummed oil with the water content of 0.2-0.5%;
s2, heating the degummed oil containing 0.2-0.5% of the S1 to about 95 ℃, putting the degummed oil into a vacuum drier for dehydration, putting the dried degummed oil into a cooler for cooling to 40 ℃, and transferring the cooled degummed oil into a degummed oil storage tank;
s3, transferring the degummed oil in the S2 to a cooling tank by using a drying pump, fully cooling to 30 ℃ under normal pressure, crystallizing for 24 hours, and carrying out primary filtration by using an oil filter to remove 60-70% of wax, wherein the pressure of the oil filter is less than or equal to 0.35 MPa; the oil after the first filtration enters another cooling tank, low-temperature cold water is introduced to reduce the temperature of the oil to below 25 ℃, after 24 hours of crystallization, the oil is filtered for the second time by an oil filter again, the pressure of the oil filter is also less than or equal to 0.35MPa, and the dewaxed oil with the wax content of less than 0.3 percent is obtained after two times of filtration;
s4, pumping the dewaxed oil in the S3 to a physical distillation tank, stripping the dewaxed oil in the S3 by water vapor under the conditions of high temperature and high vacuum by utilizing the difference of relative volatility of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and triglyceride in the distillation deacidification of the rice bran oil physical refining, wherein the surface of a vapor-liquid phase is contacted, the water vapor is saturated by the volatilized FFA component and escapes according to the ratio of partial pressure of the FFA component, the FFA in the rice bran oil is reduced, and the acid value of the rice bran oil is reduced to 4-5mg KOH/g;
recovering the distilled gaseous FFA by an indirect cooling or direct cooling recovery mode;
s5, pumping the rice bran oil deacidified by physical distillation in the S4 state into a chemical alkali refining tank, stirring and heating to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, adding deacidified alkali liquor with the solubility of 28%, stirring and preserving heat in the process of adding the alkali liquor, wherein the stirring time is 20-30min, the time for adding the alkali liquor is generally 10-15min, after stirring is finished, uniformly spraying 5% saline water with the temperature being more than or equal to the oil temperature, the time for adding the saline water is generally 10-15min, after the saline water is added, stopping heating and stirring, standing for precipitation, adding water with the temperature being more than or equal to the oil temperature, stirring for 10min to separate the oil and the saponin, and reducing the acid value of the rice bran oil after the water washing process to 0.15 KOH/g;
s6, heating to 100-120 ℃ under high vacuum, stirring and dehydrating until no liquid bubbles appear on the oil surface;
s7, heating activated clay and honeycomb activated carbon after dehydration in S6, decoloring and deodorizing for the first time, continuously stirring for 20-25min in a high vacuum environment, and filtering the decolored rice bran oil with the activated clay and the activated carbon by using a filter;
s8, pumping the oil filtered in the S7 into a deodorization tank, keeping a high vacuum state, continuously heating, introducing dry steam without moisture when the temperature is raised to 150 ℃, continuously heating to 250 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, closing the steam when the temperature is lowered to 150 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished, continuously cooling to below 70 ℃, pumping into a finished product tank after the detection is qualified, and obtaining the rice bran oil product with high oryzanol and vitamin E contents.
In the physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process of the rice oil, the oil filter in the S3 is a heat-discharge oil filter with a layer of filter cloth added on a filter plate and a steam coil, and after the filtration is finished, the steam coil is used for heating to melt bran wax, so that the aim of automatically discharging cakes is fulfilled.
In the physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process of the rice oil, the indirect cooling type recovery in the step S4 is that a dividing wall type condenser is adopted to condense the gaseous FFA distilled from the distillation tower, and the condensed liquid is collected by a gas-liquid separator; the direct cooling recovery in S4 is to directly spray the liquid FFA with relatively low temperature into the high temperature vapor FFA, and to perform the direct contact mass and heat transfer on the FFA vapor distilled from the distillation column, so as to condense the vapor FFA and then return the condensed vapor FFA to the storage tank together with the sprayed hydraulic FFA.
In the physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process of the rice oil, the acid values in the S4 and the S5 are detected by an acid value detector.
Compared with the prior art, the physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process for the rice oil has the advantages that:
the invention adopts a physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification method, namely, the acid value of the rice bran crude oil is reduced to 4-5mg KOH/g by the physical distillation method, at the moment, almost all oryzanol and most vitamin E are still remained in the rice bran crude oil, and the color of the rice bran oil is more ideal; and then the acid value is further reduced to be within the product standard by a chemical alkali refining method, so that the refining consumption is low, and the loss of physiological active substances such as oryzanol, vitamin E and the like is low. Therefore, the physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification method overcomes the defects of the traditional single physical distillation method and chemical alkali refining method, not only can obtain the rice bran oil with low acid value and ideal color, but also can effectively retain the physiological active substances such as oryzanol, vitamin E and the like in the rice bran oil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a process flow of a physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process for rice oil.
Detailed Description
The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process for rice oil comprises the following steps of adopting rice bran crude oil with an acid value of 20-30mgKOH/g generally:
s1, weighing raw material rice bran crude oil, heating the rice bran crude oil to 80-85 ℃, adding hot water with the temperature of 90 ℃ in the stirring process, stirring in a reactor for 40min, then, entering a butterfly centrifuge for centrifugal separation to obtain degummed oil with the water content of 0.2-0.5%, carrying out hydration degumming by combining hydrophilic phospholipid in water and oil to form floccule for precipitation, and separating from oil;
s2, heating the degummed oil containing 0.2-0.5% of the S1 to about 95 ℃, putting the degummed oil into a vacuum drier for dehydration, putting the dried degummed oil into a cooler for cooling to 40 ℃, and transferring the cooled degummed oil into a degummed oil storage tank;
s3, transferring the degummed oil in the S2 to a cooling tank by using a drying pump, fully cooling to 30 ℃ under normal pressure, crystallizing for 24 hours, and carrying out primary filtration by using an oil filter to remove 60-70% of wax, wherein the pressure of the oil filter is less than or equal to 0.35 MPa; the oil after the first filtration enters another cooling tank, low-temperature cold water is introduced to reduce the temperature of the oil to below 25 ℃, after 24 hours of crystallization, the oil is filtered for the second time by an oil filter again, the pressure of the oil filter is also less than or equal to 0.35MPa, and the dewaxed oil with the wax content of less than 0.3 percent is obtained after two times of filtration;
the oil filter in S3 is a heat-discharging oil filter with a layer of filter cloth on the filter plate and a steam coil pipe, after the filtration is finished, the steam coil pipe is used for heating to melt bran wax, thus achieving the purpose of automatic cake discharging.
S4, pumping the dewaxed oil in the S3 to a physical distillation tank, stripping the dewaxed oil in the S3 by water vapor under the conditions of high temperature and high vacuum by utilizing the difference of relative volatility of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and triglyceride in the distillation deacidification of the rice bran oil physical refining, wherein the surface of a vapor-liquid phase is contacted, the water vapor is saturated by the volatilized FFA component and escapes according to the ratio of partial pressure of the FFA component, the FFA in the rice bran oil is reduced, and the acid value of the rice bran oil is reduced to 4-5mg KOH/g;
recovering the distilled gaseous FFA by an indirect cooling or direct cooling recovery mode;
indirect cooling recovery in S4, namely condensing the vaporous FFA distilled from the distillation tower by using a dividing wall type condenser, condensing the vaporous FFA into liquid, and then trapping the liquid by using a vapor-liquid separator; the direct cooling recovery in S4 is to directly spray the liquid FFA with relatively low temperature into the high temperature vapor FFA, and to perform the direct contact mass and heat transfer on the FFA vapor distilled from the distillation column, so as to condense the vapor FFA and then return the condensed vapor FFA to the storage tank together with the sprayed hydraulic FFA. The direct cooling type recovery is adopted when the expanded production is carried out, and the equipment mainly comprises: a packed capture column, a receiving tank, an FFA circulation pump, and an FFA cooler.
S5, pumping the rice bran oil deacidified by physical distillation in the S4 state into a chemical alkali refining tank, stirring and heating to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, adding deacidified alkali liquor with the solubility of 28%, stirring and preserving heat in the process of adding the alkali liquor, wherein the stirring time is 20-30min, the time for adding the alkali liquor is generally 10-15min, after stirring is finished, uniformly spraying 5% saline water with the temperature being more than or equal to the oil temperature, the time for adding the saline water is generally 10-15min, after the saline water is added, stopping heating and stirring, standing for precipitation, adding water with the temperature being more than or equal to the oil temperature, stirring for 10min to separate the oil and the saponin, and reducing the acid value of the rice bran oil after the water washing process to 0.15 KOH/g;
the acid values in S4 and S5 are detected by an acid value detector, the acid value detector in the prior art adopts a neutralization titration method principle, a microcomputer is used for controlling automatic completion of liquid adding, titration, stirring and titration end point judgment at normal temperature, a liquid crystal screen displays a measurement result and can print and output the result, the operation is rapid and convenient, the specific working principle and the composition of the instrument are mature in the prior art, and details are not repeated herein.
S6, heating to 100-120 ℃ under high vacuum, stirring and dehydrating until no liquid bubbles appear on the oil surface;
s7, heating the activated clay and the honeycomb-shaped activated carbon after dehydration in S6, increasing the adsorption area of the honeycomb-shaped activated carbon, improving the deodorization effect, decoloring and deodorizing for the first time, continuously stirring for 20-25min in a high vacuum environment, and filtering the decolored rice bran oil with the activated clay and the activated carbon by using a filter;
s8, pumping the oil filtered in the S7 into a deodorization tank, keeping a high vacuum state, continuously heating, introducing dry steam without moisture when the temperature is raised to 150 ℃, continuously heating to 250 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, closing the steam when the temperature is lowered to 150 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished, continuously cooling to below 70 ℃, pumping into a finished product tank after the detection is qualified, and obtaining the rice bran oil product with high oryzanol and vitamin E contents.
It is worth noting that: 1. the whole deodorization process must ensure a high vacuum state; 2. the gas entering the deodorization tank must be kept stable, clean, free from peculiar smell, dry and free from moisture; 3. the rice bran oil pumped into the deodorization tank cannot be too much, and the heating coil is preferably completely submerged; 4. before steam is started, water in a pipeline must be drained completely, the steam pressure is moderate, the pressure is high, oil is sprayed too high and splashed to enable the top space of the deodorization tank to be narrow and small, deodorization is incomplete, steam is opened too small, oil is not sprayed, and deodorization is incomplete.
In the invention, the acid value of the rice bran crude oil is higher, and is generally 20-30mg KOH/g. In the research, the acid value in the destaining oil is reduced to 4-5mg KOH/g by adopting a physical distillation deacidification method, and the preservation rate of oryzanol and vitamin E in the rice bran oil is over 90 percent at this stage. Then, the acid value of the physically distilled and refined rice bran oil is further reduced to 0.15mg KOH/g by adopting a chemical alkali refining deacidification method, and more than 80 percent of oryzanol and vitamin E still remain in the upper layer clear oil.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. The physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process for rice oil adopts rice bran crude oil with an acid value of 20-30mg KOH/g, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, weighing raw rice bran crude oil, heating the raw rice bran crude oil to 80-85 ℃, adding hot water with the temperature of 90 ℃ in the stirring process, stirring in a reactor for 40min, and then, entering a butterfly centrifuge for centrifugal separation to obtain degummed oil with the water content of 0.2-0.5%;
s2, heating the degummed oil containing 0.2-0.5% of the S1 to about 95 ℃, putting the degummed oil into a vacuum drier for dehydration, putting the dried degummed oil into a cooler for cooling to 40 ℃, and transferring the cooled degummed oil into a degummed oil storage tank;
s3, transferring the degummed oil in the S2 to a cooling tank by using a drying pump, fully cooling to 30 ℃ under normal pressure, crystallizing for 24 hours, and carrying out primary filtration by using an oil filter to remove 60-70% of wax, wherein the pressure of the oil filter is less than or equal to 0.35 MPa; the oil after the first filtration enters another cooling tank, low-temperature cold water is introduced to reduce the temperature of the oil to below 25 ℃, after 24 hours of crystallization, the oil is filtered for the second time by an oil filter again, the pressure of the oil filter is also less than or equal to 0.35MPa, and the dewaxed oil with the wax content of less than 0.3 percent is obtained after two times of filtration;
s4, pumping the dewaxed oil in the S3 to a physical distillation tank, stripping the dewaxed oil in the S3 by water vapor under the conditions of high temperature and high vacuum by utilizing the difference of relative volatility of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and triglyceride in the distillation deacidification of the rice bran oil physical refining, wherein the surface of a vapor-liquid phase is contacted, the water vapor is saturated by the volatilized FFA component and escapes according to the ratio of partial pressure of the FFA component, the FFA in the rice bran oil is reduced, and the acid value of the rice bran oil is reduced to 4-5mg KOH/g;
recovering the distilled gaseous FFA by an indirect cooling or direct cooling recovery mode;
s5, pumping the rice bran oil deacidified by physical distillation in the S4 state into a chemical alkali refining tank, stirring and heating to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, adding deacidified alkali liquor with the solubility of 28%, stirring and preserving heat in the process of adding the alkali liquor, wherein the stirring time is 20-30min, the time for adding the alkali liquor is generally 10-15min, after stirring is finished, uniformly spraying 5% saline water with the temperature being more than or equal to the oil temperature, the time for adding the saline water is generally 10-15min, after the saline water is added, stopping heating and stirring, standing for precipitation, adding water with the temperature being more than or equal to the oil temperature, stirring for 10min to separate the oil and the saponin, and reducing the acid value of the rice bran oil after the water washing process to 0.15 KOH/g;
s6, heating to 100-120 ℃ under high vacuum, stirring and dehydrating until no liquid bubbles appear on the oil surface;
s7, heating activated clay and honeycomb activated carbon after dehydration in S6, decoloring and deodorizing for the first time, continuously stirring for 20-25min in a high vacuum environment, and filtering the decolored rice bran oil with the activated clay and the activated carbon by using a filter;
s8, pumping the oil filtered in the S7 into a deodorization tank, keeping a high vacuum state, continuously heating, introducing dry steam without moisture when the temperature is raised to 150 ℃, continuously heating to 250 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, closing the steam when the temperature is lowered to 150 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished, continuously cooling to below 70 ℃, pumping into a finished product tank after the detection is qualified, and obtaining the rice bran oil product with high oryzanol and vitamin E contents.
2. The rice oil physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil filter in S3 is a heat-dump oil filter with a layer of filter cloth on a filter plate and a steam coil, and after the filtration is completed, the steam coil is used for heating to melt bran wax, so as to achieve the purpose of automatic cake discharge.
3. The rice oil physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S4 is performed by indirect cooling recovery, in which the vaporous FFA distilled from the distillation tower is condensed by a dividing wall type condenser, condensed into liquid and then captured by a vapor-liquid separator; the direct cooling recovery in S4 is to directly spray the liquid FFA with relatively low temperature into the high temperature vapor FFA, and to perform the direct contact mass and heat transfer on the FFA vapor distilled from the distillation column, so as to condense the vapor FFA and then return the condensed vapor FFA to the storage tank together with the sprayed hydraulic FFA.
4. The rice oil physical distillation-chemical alkali refining combined deacidification process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid values in S4 and S5 are detected by an acid value detector.
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| CN112063452A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-11 | 江西井冈绿宝股份有限公司 | Health-care rice oil and production method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112063452A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-11 | 江西井冈绿宝股份有限公司 | Health-care rice oil and production method thereof |
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