CN111394131A - Solid waste garbage gasification method and system with heat recovery function - Google Patents
Solid waste garbage gasification method and system with heat recovery function Download PDFInfo
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- CN111394131A CN111394131A CN202010242280.2A CN202010242280A CN111394131A CN 111394131 A CN111394131 A CN 111394131A CN 202010242280 A CN202010242280 A CN 202010242280A CN 111394131 A CN111394131 A CN 111394131A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/04—Heat pumps of the sorption type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solid waste gasification method and a solid waste gasification system with heat recovery, which are used for carrying out gasification treatment on solid waste and then carrying out heat recovery and decontamination on generated high-temperature fuel gas; the heat recovery comprises the recovery of sensible heat and latent heat in high-temperature fuel gas; the high-temperature flue gas is subjected to heat exchange through a waste heat boiler and an air preheater respectively to complete sensible heat recovery; latent heat is sprayed to high-temperature fuel gas through a decontamination medium to generate heat-containing waste liquid, and heat in the heat-containing waste liquid is recovered and converted into high-quality heat through a heat pump; the decontamination is carried out on the high-temperature fuel gas by a decontamination medium, and pollutants in the high-temperature fuel gas react with the decontamination medium or are condensed and separated out to complete decontamination; one path of steam generated by the waste heat boiler is used for driving a heat pump, the other path of steam is used as a gasification agent of gasification reaction, and the other path of steam is used as a heat source for energy supply. The waste heat boiler, the air preheater, the spray tower and the heat pump are arranged to recover heat in the high-temperature fuel gas and simultaneously perform decontamination and purification on the high-temperature fuel gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage gasification, in particular to a solid waste garbage gasification method and system with heat recovery.
Background
The garbage gasification process can convert the solid waste of the household garbage into gas fuel and chemical raw materials with better quality. In recent years, with the increasing amount of domestic garbage, garbage resource utilization is more and more important. The gasification process using the solid waste garbage as the raw material can obtain the gasified fuel gas with higher heat value, simultaneously has low discharge of pollutants such as dioxin and the like, and has better technical and industrial application prospect.
The composition of the garbage is relatively complex, and documents (Guo. application research of biomass gasification gas tar and pollutant overall removal method [ D ]. North China electric university, 2014.) indicate that the gasification crude gas produced from the biomass gasification furnace is not suitable for being directly sent to users. Dust, tar and other pollutants (such as gaseous pollutants of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide and the like) contained in the gasified fuel gas can cause damage to gasification equipment and environmental pollution, and the popularization and the application of the gasified fuel gas are restricted. Meanwhile, the discharging temperature of the gasified fuel gas is higher, generally between 600 and 800 ℃, and the fuel gas contains higher moisture, so that the heat in the gasified fuel gas can be recovered.
Patent CN 108203604 a provides a sensible heat recovery system and method for biomass gasification gas, which uses a three-stage sensible heat recovery system composed of a gas cooler, a circulating pump, a primary air heater, a dry air preheater and a condensed water heater to effectively recover the sensible heat in the gasification gas; however, the gasified fuel gas generated by the biomass and domestic garbage solid waste has high water content, high latent heat and recovery value.
The patent CN 101713304A provides a method for dry distillation gasification cycle power generation by wet decomposition pretreatment of household garbage, wherein in a high-pressure container bin, steam is used for carrying out medium-temperature high-pressure wet decomposition pretreatment on the garbage, so that the garbage releases compounds such as chlorine, benzene and the like, and pollutants such as dioxin and the like are prevented from being generated at the source. Although the method can realize the removal of pollutants in the fuel gas, devices such as a pressurizing container bin and the like used in the system are complex, complex to operate and easy to generate high energy consumption.
In summary, in the prior art, the problem that the high-temperature fuel gas after the garbage gasification has high water content and carries a large amount of latent heat which cannot be fully recycled exists in the process of obtaining the gasified fuel gas by the garbage gasification, and the problem that the high-temperature fuel gas contains more pollutants due to complex garbage components and is not suitable for being directly used by users exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a solid waste garbage gasification method and system with heat recovery, and the method and system are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, the water content of high-temperature gas is high after garbage gasification, and a large amount of latent heat carried by the high-temperature gas cannot be fully recycled, and meanwhile, the problem that more pollutants contained in the high-temperature gas are not suitable for being directly used by users due to the fact that garbage components are complex is solved.
The application provides a solid waste gasification method with heat recovery, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out gasification treatment on solid waste, and then sequentially carrying out heat recovery and decontamination on high-temperature fuel gas generated by gasification reaction; the heat recovery comprises the recovery of sensible heat in the high-temperature fuel gas and the recovery of latent heat of moisture in the high-temperature fuel gas in sequence; the recovery of moisture latent heat in the high-temperature gas sprays the high-temperature gas through the scrubbing medium and handles and form the waste liquid that contains heat to retrieve through the heat pump in the waste liquid that contains heat, the heat of retrieving in the waste liquid that contains heat heats the boiler moisturizing, generates medium temperature boiler moisturizing.
The scrubbing is sprayed the processing through the scrubbing medium to high temperature gas, and the solid dust particulate matter in the high temperature gas is sprayed the liquid drop and is caught and accomplish the scrubbing, and the acid gas pollutant in the high temperature gas is like chloride, sulphide and scrubbing medium emergence reaction and is accomplished the scrubbing, and the high temperature gas is with the exothermic cooling back of scrubbing medium heat exchange, and partial pollutant is like the tar condensation and is appeared out and accomplish the scrubbing.
Sensible heat in the high-temperature fuel gas is subjected to heat exchange with the high-temperature fuel gas through waste heat boiler water to recover heat, the waste heat boiler water absorbs the heat and then is converted into steam, and one path of the steam participates in driving recovery and conversion of the heat in the waste liquid containing heat to provide heat required by driving recovery and conversion; one path of the waste heat recovery system is used as heat energy to be provided for heat users, the middle-temperature boiler water supplement generated by recovering heat in the heat-containing waste liquid is used as a supplement part of waste heat boiler water to participate in the recovery of sensible heat in high-temperature fuel gas.
Furthermore, the design of this application has another way as gasification agent of gasifier to participate in the gasification reaction of solid useless rubbish with steam. The gasification reaction of the solid waste garbage needs certain steam as a medium, and the high-temperature steam also contributes to improving the gasification rate of the solid waste garbage.
Further, this application design sensible heat's in high temperature gas recovery still includes to carry out recycle through the air, and the air carries out recycle and sets up after exhaust-heat boiler water recovery heat, and the air carries out the heat exchange with carrying out the gasification through the high temperature flue gas, and the air after the heat absorption intensifies participates in solid useless rubbish as the gasification agent and carries out gasification reaction.
Further, the application designs the alkaline solution of the decontamination medium, preferably one of sodium hydroxide solution or limestone slurry. As the pollutants in the high-temperature fuel gas are mainly solid dust particles, tar, chloride and sulfide, the chloride is mainly HCl, and the sulfide is mainly H2S, solid dust particles are captured and removed by the spray liquid drops, tar can be condensed at low temperature and is separated out from the fuel gas, and chlorides and sulfides are acidic substances, so that the decontamination medium adopts strong alkaline substances such as sodium hydroxide solution or limestone slurry and the like to perform neutralization reaction with strong acidic substances in the high-temperature fuel gas to form neutral salts to be removed from the fuel gas, and the purpose of high-temperature fuel gas decontamination is achieved.
Further, this application design high temperature gas removes dust to high temperature gas before carrying out heat recovery, gets rid of the dust particle thing that high temperature gas carried, participates in gasification process again after dust particle thing collects and carries out gasification treatment. Because the dust particulate matter that solid useless rubbish is gasification completely can be wrapped up in by high temperature gas and carry out the gasification stove, consequently the dust particulate matter that fails to carry out gasification reaction is collected to the high temperature gas of discharge gasification stove very first time to retrieve and carry out gasification again, first can reach the purpose that carries out preliminary purification to high temperature gas, also can improve the gasification efficiency of solid useless rubbish.
In order to use any one of the solid waste gasification methods with heat recovery, further, the application designs a solid waste gasification system with heat recovery, which comprises a gasification furnace, an air preheater, a spray tower, a waste liquid heat exchanger, a fuel gas storage cabinet and an absorption heat pump; the gasification furnace comprises a feed inlet and a first fuel gas outlet, the air preheater comprises a first fuel gas inlet and a second fuel gas outlet, the first fuel gas outlet is connected with the first fuel gas inlet through a flue, and a waste heat boiler heat exchanger is arranged on the flue;
the spray tower comprises a second gas inlet, a third gas outlet and a decontamination medium inlet, the second gas outlet is connected with the second gas inlet, and the third gas inlet is connected with the gas storage cabinet; the bottom of the spray tower is also connected with a precipitation water tank, the precipitation water tank is connected with a decontamination medium inlet through a first circulating water pump, a waste liquid heat exchanger is arranged in the precipitation water tank, and the waste liquid heat exchanger comprises a first water inlet and a first water outlet; the absorption heat pump comprises an absorption heat pump low-temperature heat source end, a first water inlet is connected with an outlet of the absorption heat pump low-temperature heat source end, and a first water outlet is connected with an inlet of the absorption heat pump low-temperature heat source end;
the waste heat boiler heat exchanger is also connected with a waste heat boiler drum, the waste heat boiler heat exchanger comprises a second water inlet and a second water outlet, the waste heat boiler drum comprises a waste heat boiler water outlet and a hot water inlet, the second water inlet is connected with the waste heat boiler water outlet, and the second water outlet is connected with the hot water inlet; in addition, the waste heat boiler drum also comprises a steam outlet, a cold water inlet and a medium temperature boiler water supplement inlet, and the absorption heat pump also comprises an absorption heat pump driving heat source end and an absorption heat pump heating end; the steam outlet is connected with the absorption heat pump driving heat source end inlet, the absorption heat pump driving heat source end outlet is connected with the cold water inlet, the absorption heat pump heating end inlet is connected with the cold water replenishing pump, and the absorption heat pump heating end outlet is connected with the medium temperature boiler replenishing water inlet of the waste heat boiler barrel.
Further, this application design air heater still includes air intlet and air outlet, is connected with the air feed machine on the air intlet, and the gasifier still includes the gasification agent import, and the air outlet is connected with the gasification agent import.
The air preheater sucks air through the air supply machine to exchange heat with high-temperature fuel gas, the air absorbs sensible heat in the high-temperature fuel gas and then rises in temperature, then flows into the gasification furnace through the gasification agent inlet and participates in gasification reaction of the solid waste garbage as the gasification agent, and the high-temperature hot air is favorable for improving the gasification reaction efficiency of the solid waste garbage.
Further, this application design gasifier is the fluidized bed gasifier, and the fluidized bed gasifier still includes steam inlet, and steam inlet is connected with the steam outlet of exhaust-heat boiler drum. Because the solid waste garbage is subjected to gasification reaction, water vapor is also required to participate in the reaction as a component of a gasification agent, part of the steam output to the outside is provided for the gasification furnace as a source of the steam, and the high-temperature steam is also beneficial to improving the gasification rate of the solid waste garbage.
Furthermore, the first fuel gas outlet of the gasifier is also provided with a cyclone separator in a connecting way; the cyclone separator also comprises a slag discharge port, and the slag discharge port is connected with the feed inlet of the gasification furnace.
Because the dust particulate matter that solid useless rubbish was not totally gasified can be wrapped up in by high temperature gas and carry out the gasification stove, consequently the high temperature gas of discharge gasification stove collects the dust particulate matter that can't fully carry out gasification reaction the very first time to retrieve and carry out gasification treatment again, one can reach the purpose that carries out preliminary purification to high temperature gas, also can improve the gasification efficiency of solid useless rubbish.
Furthermore, the first steam valve is arranged between the steam outlet and the driving heat source end inlet of the absorption heat pump, the second steam valve is arranged between the steam inlet and the steam outlet, and the amount of steam introduced into the absorption heat pump and the gasification furnace is controlled through the first steam valve and the second steam valve respectively; the sedimentation water tank is further connected with a waste liquid treatment device, a waste liquid valve is arranged between the sedimentation water tank and the waste liquid treatment device, waste liquid which completes heat exchange in the sedimentation water tank flows into the waste liquid treatment device through the waste liquid valve to be treated, the waste liquid valve is used for controlling the waste liquid amount discharged from the sedimentation water tank, and the heat exchange is performed to the maximum extent to complete the sufficient recovery of latent heat in high-temperature gas.
Advantageous effects
The embodiment of the application provides a solid waste garbage gasification method and system with heat recovery, which effectively solve the problems that in the prior art, the water content of high-temperature gas is high after garbage gasification, and a large amount of latent heat carried by the high-temperature gas cannot be fully recycled and the garbage components are complex, so that more pollutants are not suitable for being directly used by users, and further achieve the following technical effects:
1. according to the application, the high-temperature fuel gas is sprayed by the decontamination medium, solid dust particles in the fuel gas are captured and removed by the spray liquid drops, the high-temperature fuel gas is cooled, tar is condensed and separated out, chloride in the high-temperature fuel gas is removed by reaction with the decontamination medium, and the purified fuel gas can be directly supplied to a user for use;
2. the design of this application is when the scrubbing, and spray column and absorption heat pump, exhaust-heat boiler synchronous cooperation have accomplished the recovery to the moisture latent heat that carries in the high temperature gas to finally provide heat energy to the outside with the form of the steam that can directly utilize, avoided the waste of the energy.
3. This application is through spraying the processing to high temperature gas, can reduce the temperature of gas, and later stage transportation is safer, has reduced moisture content in the gas simultaneously, has improved the heat value of burning of unit mass gas.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be considered as part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure unless such concepts are mutually inconsistent.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
1. A gasification furnace; 2. a cyclone separator; 3. solid waste garbage; 4. a decontamination medium; 5. a liquid supplementing pump; 6. a spray tower; 7. a waste liquid heat exchanger; 8. a settling water tank; 9. a first circulating water pump; 10. a waste liquid valve; 11. a waste liquid treatment device; 12. an induced draft fan; 13. a gas storage cabinet; 14. a second circulating water pump; 15. a heating end of the absorption heat pump; 16. an absorption heat pump; 17. a low-temperature heat source end of the absorption heat pump; 18. the absorption heat pump drives the heat source end; 19. a water replenishing pump; 20. supplementing water to the boiler; 21. air; 22. a fan; 23. an air preheater; 24. a first steam valve; 25. a steam outlet; 26. a second steam valve; 27. a third steam valve; 28. a waste heat boiler drum; 29. waste heat boiler heat exchanger.
Detailed Description
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily defined to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any one implementation. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
For solving among the prior art at present high temperature gas water content behind the gasification of rubbish is higher, the problem of the abundant recycle of a large amount of latent heat of carrying is failed, simultaneously also in order to solve the problem that contains the unsuitable direct user that gives of more pollutant in the present high temperature gas, this application has at first retrieved the sensible heat in the high temperature gas through the gasification of rubbish, then design high temperature gas sprays in order to reach the purpose of scrubbing through scrubbing medium 4, scrubbing medium 4 generates the hot waste liquid when spraying the processing scrubbing to the high temperature gas, heat in the hot waste liquid is retrieved, the recovery to a large amount of latent heat that high temperature gas moisture carried has been accomplished. And part of steam generated by sensible heat of high-temperature fuel gas recovered by waste heat boiler water in the earlier stage is used for driving recovery to recover heat recovery and conversion of the heat-containing waste liquid, and water supplement of the medium-temperature boiler is generated, and the steam supplies energy and releases heat to generate cold water and the water supplement of the medium-temperature boiler generated by recovery and conversion, and the cold water and the water supplement of the medium-temperature boiler are used as part of the waste heat boiler water to participate in recovery of the sensible heat of the high-temperature fuel gas. The invention achieves the purpose of recovering a large amount of latent heat in the high-temperature fuel gas and converting the latent heat into usable heat energy, and also achieves the purpose of purifying, cooling and drying the high-temperature fuel gas.
In specific implementation, the application provides a solid waste 3 gasification method with heat recovery, firstly, the solid waste 3 is gasified, and then, high-temperature fuel gas generated by gasification reaction is sequentially subjected to heat recovery and decontamination; the heat recovery comprises the recovery of sensible heat in the high-temperature fuel gas and the recovery of latent heat of moisture in the high-temperature fuel gas in sequence; the recovery of moisture latent heat in the high temperature gas mainly sprays the high temperature gas through scrubbing medium 4 and handles and form the waste liquid that contains heat to retrieve through the heat pump in the waste liquid that contains heat, the heat of retrieving in the waste liquid that contains heat heats the boiler moisturizing, generates medium temperature boiler moisturizing.
The scrubbing is sprayed the processing through scrubbing medium 4 to high temperature gas, and the pollutant in the high temperature gas is like chloride, sulphide and 4 emergence reactions of scrubbing medium and is accomplished the scrubbing, and the high temperature gas is exothermic after the cooling with 4 heat exchanges of scrubbing medium, and the pollutant is like tar condensation and is appeared out and accomplish the scrubbing.
Sensible heat in the high-temperature fuel gas is subjected to heat exchange with the high-temperature fuel gas through waste heat boiler water to recover heat, and heat energy is provided to the outside in a steam form; one branch in the steam is used for driving the recovery and conversion of heat in the hot waste liquid, and heat required by the driving of the recovery and conversion is provided; the intermediate-temperature boiler water supplement generated by recovering heat in the heat-containing waste liquid is also used as a supplement part of waste heat boiler water to participate in the recovery of sensible heat in high-temperature fuel gas.
When the gasification furnace is specifically implemented, one path of steam generated by absorbing heat in high-temperature fuel gas by waste heat boiler water is used as a gasification agent of the gasification furnace to participate in gasification reaction of solid waste garbage. The gasification reaction of the solid waste garbage needs certain steam as a medium, and the high-temperature steam also contributes to improving the gasification rate of the solid waste garbage.
During the concrete implementation, the recovery of sensible heat in the high temperature gas of this application design still includes to carry out recycle through air 21, and air 21 carries out recycle and sets up after exhaust-heat boiler water recovery heat, and air 21 carries out the heat exchange with the high temperature flue gas through once giving out heat, and air 21 after the heat absorption intensifies also participates in solid useless rubbish 3 as the gasification agent and carries out gasification reaction.
In specific implementation, the decontamination medium 4 is any one of sodium hydroxide solution or limestone slurry, and pollutants in high-temperature fuel gas are mainly solid dust particles, tar, chloride and sulfide, the solid dust particles are captured and removed by spray liquid drops, the main component of the chloride is HC L, and the main component of the sulfide is H2S, tar can be condensed at low temperature to be separated out from the fuel gas, and chloride and sulfide are both acidic substances, so that the decontamination medium 4 adopts strong alkaline substances such as sodium hydroxide solution or limestone slurry to perform neutralization reaction with strong acidic substances in the high-temperature fuel gas to form neutral salts to be removed from the fuel gas, and the purpose of high-temperature fuel gas decontamination is achieved.
During specific implementation, this application design high temperature gas removes dust to high temperature gas before carrying out heat recovery, gets rid of the dust particulate matter that high temperature gas carried, participates in gasification process again after dust particulate matter collects and carries out gasification treatment. Because the dust particulate matter that solid useless rubbish 3 was not gasified completely can be wrapped up in by the high temperature gas and carry out gasification 1, consequently the high temperature gas of discharge gasifier 1 collects the dust particulate matter that fails to carry out gasification reaction the very first time to retrieve and carry out gasification treatment again, one can reach the purpose of carrying out preliminary purification to the high temperature gas, also can improve the gasification efficiency of solid useless rubbish 3.
In order to use any one of the solid waste 3 gasification methods with heat recovery, in specific implementation, the application designs a solid waste 3 gasification system with heat recovery, which comprises a gasification furnace 1, an air preheater 23, a spray tower 6, a waste liquid heat exchanger 7, a gas storage cabinet 13 and an absorption heat pump 16; the gasification furnace 1 comprises a feed inlet and a first fuel gas outlet, the air preheater 23 comprises a first fuel gas inlet and a second fuel gas outlet, the first fuel gas outlet is connected with the first fuel gas inlet through a flue, and a waste heat boiler heat exchanger 29 is arranged on the flue;
the spray tower 6 comprises a second gas inlet, a third gas outlet and a decontamination medium inlet, the second gas outlet is connected with the second gas inlet, and the third gas inlet is connected with a gas storage cabinet 13 through a draught fan 12; the bottom of the spray tower 6 is also connected with a precipitation water tank 8, the precipitation water tank 8 is connected with a decontamination medium inlet through a first circulating water pump 9, a waste liquid heat exchanger 7 is arranged in the precipitation water tank 8, and the waste liquid heat exchanger 7 comprises a first water inlet and a first water outlet; the absorption heat pump 16 comprises an absorption heat pump low-temperature heat source end 17, a first water inlet is connected with an outlet of the absorption heat pump low-temperature heat source end 17, and a first water outlet is connected with an inlet of the absorption heat pump low-temperature heat source end 17 through a second circulating water pump 14;
the waste heat boiler heat exchanger 29 is also connected with a waste heat boiler drum 28, the waste heat boiler heat exchanger 29 comprises a second water inlet and a second water outlet, the waste heat boiler drum 28 comprises a waste heat boiler water outlet and a hot water inlet, the second water inlet is connected with the waste heat boiler water outlet, and the second water outlet is connected with the hot water inlet; in addition, the waste heat boiler drum 28 further comprises a steam outlet 25, a cold water inlet and a medium temperature boiler water supplement inlet, and the absorption heat pump 16 further comprises an absorption heat pump driving heat source end 18 and an absorption heat pump heating end 15; the steam outlet 25 is connected with the inlet of the absorption heat pump driving heat source end 18, the outlet of the absorption heat pump driving heat source end 18 is connected with the cold water inlet, the inlet of the absorption heat pump heating end 15 is connected with the water replenishing pump 19, and the outlet of the absorption heat pump heating end 15 is connected with the medium temperature boiler water replenishing inlet of the waste heat boiler drum 28.
This application is connected with air heater 23 through the flue through design gasifier 1, and during the high temperature gas that will produce conveyed air heater 23, installed a exhaust-heat boiler heat exchanger 29 on the flue simultaneously, high temperature gas flows through exhaust-heat boiler heat exchanger 29 through the flue earlier and carries out the heat exchange with exhaust-heat boiler water wherein and then flows into air heater 23 and air 21 and carry out the heat exchange, has accomplished the recovery to high temperature gas sensible heat. The gas of exhaust air preheater 23 passes through in the second gas import gets into spray column 6, scrubbing medium 4 sprays gas from the scrubbing medium import gets into spray column 6, partial pollutant in the gas is like the sulphide, chloride and scrubbing medium 4 carry out acid-base neutralization reaction and carry out the scrubbing, another part pollutant is like tar because gas cooling automatic condensation separates out the completion scrubbing, it connects in the precipitation tank 8 of spray column 6 bottom to spray the hot waste liquid entering that generates, accomplish the gas that sprays and discharge into in gas storage holder 13 from the third gas export under the effect of draught fan 12, precipitation tank 8 supplements scrubbing medium 4 through make-up pump 5, with the concentration of scrubbing medium 4 in guaranteeing the precipitation tank, scrubbing medium 4 continues to carry out in spray column 6 through the scrubbing medium import under the effect of first circulating water pump 9.
The waste liquid heat exchanger 7 arranged in the precipitation water tank 8 is connected with the low-temperature heat source end of the absorption heat pump 16, the cold source flows out from the outlet of the low-temperature heat source end of the absorption heat pump 16 and then enters the waste liquid heat exchanger 7, the cold source flows out from the first water outlet of the waste liquid heat exchanger 7 after absorbing the heat in the heat-containing waste liquid and enters the absorption heat pump 16 through the inlet of the low-temperature heat source end of the absorption heat pump 16, and the cold source flows into the waste liquid heat exchanger 7 again after the heat is released from the low-temperature heat source end of the absorption heat pump 16.
The exhaust-heat boiler heat exchanger 29 installed on the flue is connected with the exhaust-heat boiler drum 28, and exhaust-heat boiler water in the exhaust-heat boiler heat exchanger 29 absorbs heat in the high-temperature fuel gas to generate steam, and then supplies heat energy to the outside through the steam outlet 25 of the exhaust-heat boiler drum 28 under the control of the third steam valve 27. The waste heat boiler drum 28 is also connected with the absorption heat pump 16, the steam outlet 25 of the waste heat boiler drum 28 is also connected with the inlet of the absorption heat pump driving heat source end 18, heat is provided for the absorption heat pump driving heat source end 18, and the steam releases heat and flows into the waste heat boiler drum 28 from the outlet of the absorption heat pump driving heat source end 18 through the cold water inlet in the form of cold water. An inlet of a heating end 15 of the absorption heat pump is sucked into a boiler water replenishing pump 20 through a water replenishing pump 19, the boiler water replenishing pump 20 absorbs heat inside the absorption heat pump 16 to generate medium-temperature boiler water replenishing, the medium-temperature boiler water replenishing flows out of an outlet of the heating end 15 of the absorption heat pump, and the medium-temperature boiler water replenishing enters a waste heat boiler drum 28 through a medium-temperature boiler water replenishing inlet. The cold water flowing into the waste heat boiler drum 28 from the absorption heat pump 16 and the supplemented water of the medium temperature boiler enter the heat exchanger 29 of the waste heat boiler through the coil as a part of the water of the waste heat boiler, and participate in the recovery of sensible heat in the high-temperature fuel gas.
During specific implementation, this application design air heater 23 still includes air intlet and air outlet, is connected with air feed machine 22 on the air intlet, and gasifier 1 still includes the gasification agent import, and the air outlet is connected with the gasification agent import.
The air preheater 23 sucks air 21 through the air supply fan 22 to exchange heat with high-temperature fuel gas, the air 21 absorbs sensible heat in the high-temperature fuel gas and then is heated, the sensible heat flows into the gasification furnace 1 through the gasification agent inlet and is used as a gasification agent to participate in gasification reaction of the solid waste 3, and the high-temperature hot air is favorable for improving the gasification reaction efficiency of the solid waste 3.
During specific implementation, this application design gasifier 1 is the fluidized bed gasifier, and the fluidized bed gasifier still includes steam inlet, and steam inlet is connected with exhaust-heat boiler drum 28's steam outlet 25. Because the solid waste 3 is gasified and needs steam as a part of the gasifying agent to participate in the reaction, the application designs that a part of the steam output to the outside is provided for the gasification furnace 1 as the source of the steam, and the high-temperature steam is also beneficial to improving the gasification rate of the solid waste 3.
In specific implementation, the first fuel gas outlet of the gasification furnace 1 is also connected with a cyclone separator 2; the cyclone separator 2 further comprises a slag discharge port, and the slag discharge port is connected with a feed inlet of the fluidized bed gasification furnace. The bottom of the fluidized bed gasification furnace also comprises a gasification furnace slag discharge port, and waste slag after the reaction of the materials in the gasification process is discharged from the gasification furnace slag discharge port.
Because the dust particulate matter that solid useless rubbish 3 was not gasified completely can be wrapped up in by the high temperature gas and carry out gasification 1, consequently the high temperature gas of discharge gasification 1 collects the dust particulate matter that can not fully carry out gasification reaction the very first time to retrieve and carry out gasification treatment again, one can reach the purpose of carrying out preliminary purification to the high temperature gas, also can improve the gasification efficiency of solid useless rubbish 3.
In specific implementation, the first steam valve 24 is arranged between the steam outlet 25 and the inlet of the absorption heat pump driving heat source end 18, the second steam valve 26 is arranged between the steam inlet and the steam outlet 25, and the amount of steam introduced into the absorption heat pump 16 and the gasification furnace is controlled through the first steam valve 24 and the second steam valve 26 respectively; the sedimentation water tank 8 is also connected with a waste liquid treatment device 11, a waste liquid valve 10 is arranged between the sedimentation water tank 8 and the waste liquid treatment device 11, waste liquid which completes heat exchange in the sedimentation water tank 8 flows into the waste liquid treatment device 11 through the waste liquid valve 10 to be treated, the waste liquid valve 10 is used for controlling the waste liquid amount discharged from the sedimentation water tank 8, and the heat exchange is performed to the maximum extent to complete the sufficient recovery of latent heat in high-temperature gas.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the description and claims of the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Similarly, the singular forms "a," "an," or "the" do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Claims (10)
1. A solid waste gasification method with heat recovery is characterized in that:
carrying out gasification treatment on the solid waste garbage, and then sequentially carrying out heat recovery and decontamination on high-temperature fuel gas generated by the gasification reaction; the heat recovery comprises the recovery of sensible heat in the high-temperature fuel gas and the recovery of latent heat of moisture in the high-temperature fuel gas in sequence; the recovery of the latent heat of moisture in the high-temperature fuel gas is carried out by spraying the high-temperature fuel gas through a decontamination medium to generate a heat-containing waste liquid, the heat in the heat-containing waste liquid is recovered through a heat pump, and the heat in the recovered heat-containing waste liquid is used for heating the boiler water supplement to generate medium-temperature boiler water supplement;
the decontamination is carried out on the high-temperature fuel gas by a decontamination medium, solid dust particles in the high-temperature fuel gas are captured by the spray liquid drops to complete decontamination, acid gas pollutants in the high-temperature fuel gas react with the decontamination medium to complete decontamination, and tar pollutants are condensed and separated out to complete decontamination after the high-temperature fuel gas is cooled by spraying;
sensible heat in the high-temperature fuel gas is recovered through waste heat boiler water, the waste heat boiler water exchanges heat with the high-temperature fuel gas, the waste heat boiler water absorbs heat and then is converted into steam, one path of the steam participates in driving a heat pump to recover heat in the waste liquid containing heat, and the other path of the steam is used as heat energy to be supplied to a heat user; and the water supplemented by the medium temperature boiler is used as the supplement of the water of the waste heat boiler to participate in the recovery of sensible heat in high-temperature fuel gas.
2. The method for gasifying solid waste garbage with heat recovery according to claim 1, wherein: one path of the steam is also used as a gasification agent of the gasification furnace and participates in the gasification reaction of the solid waste garbage.
3. The solid waste gasification method with heat recovery of claim 2, wherein: the decontamination medium is any one of sodium hydroxide solution or limestone slurry.
4. The solid waste gasification method with heat recovery of claim 3, wherein:
the method comprises the steps of recovering sensible heat in high-temperature fuel gas, recycling the air, performing heat exchange between the air and high-temperature flue gas after the air is recycled by waste heat boiler water, and taking the air subjected to heat absorption and temperature rise as a gasifying agent to participate in the gasification reaction of solid waste garbage.
5. The method for gasifying solid waste garbage with heat recovery according to claim 4, wherein: and before heat recovery, the high-temperature gas is dedusted to remove particles carried by the high-temperature gas, and the particles are collected and then participate in the gasification process again.
6. The utility model provides a take solid useless rubbish gasification system of heat recovery which characterized in that: comprises a gasification furnace, an air preheater, a spray tower, a waste liquid heat exchanger, a gas storage cabinet and an absorption heat pump;
the gasification furnace comprises a feed inlet and a first fuel gas outlet, the air preheater comprises a first fuel gas inlet and a second fuel gas outlet, the first fuel gas outlet is connected with the first fuel gas inlet through a flue, and a waste heat boiler heat exchanger is arranged on the flue;
the spray tower comprises a second gas inlet, a third gas outlet and a decontamination medium inlet, the second gas outlet is connected with the second gas inlet, and the third gas outlet is connected with a gas storage cabinet; the bottom of the spray tower is also connected with a precipitation water tank, the precipitation water tank is connected with a decontamination medium inlet through a first circulating water pump, a waste liquid heat exchanger is arranged in the precipitation water tank, and the waste liquid heat exchanger comprises a first water inlet and a first water outlet; the absorption heat pump comprises an absorption heat pump low-temperature heat source end, the first water inlet is connected with an outlet of the absorption heat pump low-temperature heat source end, and the first water outlet is connected with an inlet of the absorption heat pump low-temperature heat source end;
the waste heat boiler heat exchanger is also connected with a waste heat boiler drum, the waste heat boiler heat exchanger comprises a second water inlet and a second water outlet, the waste heat boiler drum comprises a waste heat boiler water outlet and a hot water inlet, the second water inlet is connected with the waste heat boiler water outlet, and the second water outlet is connected with the hot water inlet;
the waste heat boiler drum also comprises a steam outlet, a cold water inlet and a medium temperature boiler water supplement inlet, and the absorption heat pump also comprises an absorption heat pump driving heat source end and an absorption heat pump heating end; the steam outlet is connected with the absorption heat pump driving heat source end inlet, the absorption heat pump driving heat source end outlet is connected with the cold water inlet, the absorption heat pump heating end inlet is connected with the water replenishing pump, and the absorption heat pump heating end outlet is connected with the medium temperature boiler water replenishing inlet.
7. The solid waste gasification system with heat recovery of claim 6, wherein:
the air preheater further comprises an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet is connected with a fan, the gasifier further comprises a gasifying agent inlet, and the air outlet is connected with the gasifying agent inlet.
8. The solid waste gasification system with heat recovery of claim 7, wherein: the gasifier is a fluidized bed gasifier, the fluidized bed gasifier further comprises a steam inlet, and the steam inlet is connected with the steam outlet.
9. The solid waste gasification system with heat recovery of claim 8, wherein: the first gas outlet of the gasification furnace is also provided with a cyclone separator, the cyclone separator comprises a slag discharge port, and the slag discharge port is connected with the feed inlet.
10. The solid waste gasification system with heat recovery of claim 9, wherein: a first steam valve is arranged between the steam outlet and the driving heat source end inlet of the absorption heat pump, and a second steam valve is arranged between the steam inlet and the steam outlet; the sedimentation water tank is also connected with a waste liquid treatment device, and a waste liquid valve is arranged between the sedimentation water tank and the waste liquid treatment device.
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