CN111393759A - Polystyrene foam material based on supercritical fluid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polystyrene foam material based on supercritical fluid and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000004808 supercritical fluid chromatography Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 isooctyl 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetylpyridinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001927 cetylpyridinium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940083575 sodium dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XSRJBLNNOOTBTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptyl 2-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCOC(=O)C(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 XSRJBLNNOOTBTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/08—Supercritical fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08J2325/06—Polystyrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2401/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2401/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
- C08J2401/04—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2423/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2423/06—Polyethene
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2475/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2475/04—Polyurethanes
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K13/04—Ingredients characterised by their shape and organic or inorganic ingredients
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
- C08K5/134—Phenols containing ester groups
- C08K5/1345—Carboxylic esters of phenolcarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
Abstract
The invention discloses a polystyrene foam material based on a supercritical fluid and a preparation method thereof, wherein the polystyrene foam material based on the supercritical fluid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-80 parts of polystyrene, 10-20 parts of thermoplastic elastomer material, 1-5 parts of bio-based porous carbon, 1-3 parts of cellulose nanowhisker, 1-5 parts of nucleating agent, 1.5-6.5 parts of dispersing agent, 0.1-2 parts of surfactant and 0.1-2 parts of antioxidant. The polystyrene foaming material based on the supercritical fluid is prepared by selecting raw materials, optimizing the content of each raw material and selecting a proper proportion, so that the advantages of the polystyrene foaming material are fully exerted, the polystyrene foaming material is mutually supplemented and promoted, and the prepared polystyrene foaming material based on the supercritical fluid has the advantages of large cell density, small cell size, uniform cells and excellent shock resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polystyrene foam materials, in particular to a polystyrene foam material based on a supercritical fluid and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The polymer foam material is a microporous material based on a polymer (plastic, rubber, elastomer, or natural polymer material) and having numerous bubbles inside, and can be considered as a composite material using a gas as a filler.
There are many varieties of polymer foam materials. In the case of plastics, most thermoplastics and thermosets can be processed into foams. Typical foaming materials are Polyurethane (PU) foam, Polystyrene (PS) foam. Thermoplastic and thermosetting foams such as polyolefin foam, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam, phenolic foam, epoxy resin foam, nitrile rubber foam, thermoplastic elastomer foam, and natural polymer foam materials such as foamed starch and foamed plant fiber.
Polystyrene (PS) foam is a foam with excellent properties, has the characteristics of light weight, heat insulation, shock resistance, easy molding and the like, is mainly applied to sound insulation and heat insulation layers of buildings, packaging materials, containers and the like, and gradually becomes the most widely applied foam. However, the PS foam alone has the disadvantages of brittleness, easy fracture, poor toughness, etc., which limits the application of the PS foam in some aspects.
However, the currently used polystyrene foam has the following problems:
1. the size of the cells is large and nonuniform;
2. after foaming, the strength is greatly reduced, the mechanical property is poor, and the comprehensive use performance is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam and a method for preparing the same, which can effectively solve the above problems. The polystyrene foam material disclosed by the invention is prepared by selecting raw materials, optimizing the content of each raw material and selecting polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material, bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a nucleating agent, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant in a proper ratio, so that the advantages of the polystyrene foam material, the bio-based porous carbon, the cellulose nanowhiskers, the nucleating agent, the dispersing agent, the surfactant and the antioxidant are fully exerted, mutually supplemented and mutually promoted, and the prepared polystyrene foam material based on the supercritical fluid has the advantages of larger cell density, small cell size, uniform cells and excellent impact resistance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a polystyrene foaming material based on supercritical fluid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-80 parts of polystyrene, 10-20 parts of thermoplastic elastomer material, 1-5 parts of bio-based porous carbon, 1-3 parts of cellulose nanowhisker, 1-5 parts of nucleating agent, 1.5-6.5 parts of dispersing agent, 0.1-2 parts of surfactant and 0.1-2 parts of antioxidant.
Preferably, the polystyrene foam material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of polystyrene, 15 parts of thermoplastic elastomer material, 3 parts of bio-based porous carbon, 2 parts of cellulose nanowhiskers, 4 parts of nucleating agent, 4 parts of dispersing agent, 0.8 part of surfactant and 1 part of antioxidant.
Preferably, the thermoplastic elastomer material is at least one of styrene-based, polyethylene-based and polyurethane-based thermoplastic elastomers.
Preferably, the surfactant is any one or a mixture of several of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyl pyridinium chloride and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.
Preferably, the dispersing agent is an aqueous solution of one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol, and the mass fraction of the alcohols in the aqueous solution is 50-60%.
Preferably, the nucleating agent is at least one of calcium carbonate, silica and talc.
Preferably, the antioxidant is 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenylpropionic acid isooctyl ester.
Preferably, the fluid is CO 2.
Preferably, the bio-based porous carbon is one or two of bamboo carbon and bamboo shoot carbon, and the specific surface area of the carbon material is 500-1500 m2/g。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the polystyrene foam material based on the supercritical fluid, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the following components in parts by weight: polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material, bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a nucleating agent, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant;
2) mixing polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material and a nucleating agent, putting the mixture into an extruder, melting and blending the mixture for 50-70 min at the temperature of 150-200 ℃, adding bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant, uniformly stirring the mixture, and extruding the mixture to obtain a polystyrene base material;
3) and (3) placing the obtained polystyrene base material in a sealed pressure-resistant mold, rapidly heating the mold to 130-135 ℃, introducing supercritical fluid into the mold, controlling the pressure in the mold to be 15.5-18.5 MPa, treating for 3-6 h, reducing the temperature to 100-110 ℃, and rapidly relieving pressure to obtain the polystyrene foam material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the thermoplastic elastomer material with a proper proportion is added into the raw materials of the polystyrene foam material, so that the polystyrene foam material has good compatibility in a raw material system, is matched with other components, plays a good synergistic effect, has a reinforcing and toughening effect on polystyrene, and can greatly improve the mechanical property of the polystyrene foam material.
The raw materials of the polystyrene foam material are added with the bio-based porous carbon in a proper proportion, so that the polystyrene foam material has good compatibility in a raw material system, is matched with other components, plays a good synergistic effect, can embody good dispersion form and interface compatibility, greatly increases the expandability of the polystyrene, obviously enlarges the foaming range, improves the density of cells and reduces the size of the cells.
The raw materials of the polystyrene foam material are added with the cellulose nano whiskers in a proper proportion, so that the polystyrene foam material has good compatibility in a raw material system, is matched with other components to play a good synergistic effect, can obviously improve the strength of the material, and can improve the supercritical CO2The absorption rate of the polymer is remarkably shortened, and the time required by the polymer to reach saturation is remarkably shortened, so that the product prepared by the invention has the characteristics of high strength and light weight.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the present patent.
The test methods or test methods described in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials, unless otherwise indicated, are conventionally obtained commercially or prepared by conventional methods.
Example 1:
a polystyrene foaming material based on supercritical fluid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-80 parts of polystyrene, 10-20 parts of thermoplastic elastomer material, 1-5 parts of bio-based porous carbon, 1-3 parts of cellulose nanowhisker, 1-5 parts of nucleating agent, 1.5-6.5 parts of dispersing agent, 0.1-2 parts of surfactant and 0.1-2 parts of antioxidant.
In this embodiment, the polystyrene foam material preferably, but not limited to, comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of polystyrene, 15 parts of thermoplastic elastomer material, 3 parts of bio-based porous carbon, 2 parts of cellulose nanowhiskers, 4 parts of nucleating agent, 4 parts of dispersing agent, 0.8 part of surfactant and 1 part of antioxidant.
In the present embodiment, the thermoplastic elastomer material is preferably, but not limited to, at least one of styrene-based, polyethylene-based, and polyurethane-based thermoplastic elastomers.
In this embodiment, the surfactant is preferably, but not limited to, any one or a mixture of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfate, cetylpyridinium chloride and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.
In this embodiment, the dispersant is preferably, but not limited to, an aqueous solution of any one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and pentanol, and the mass fraction of the alcohols in the aqueous solution is preferably, but not limited to, 50 to 60%.
In the present embodiment, the nucleating agent is preferably, but not limited to, at least one of calcium carbonate, silica, and talc.
In this embodiment, the antioxidant is preferably, but not limited to, isooctyl 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionate.
In this embodiment, the fluid is preferably, but not limited to, CO2。
In the embodiment, the bio-based porous carbon is preferably but not limited to one or two of bamboo carbon and bamboo shoot carbon, and the specific surface area of the carbon material is preferably but not limited to 500-1500 m2/g。
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the polystyrene foam material based on the supercritical fluid, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the following components in parts by weight: polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material, bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a nucleating agent, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant;
2) mixing polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material and a nucleating agent, putting the mixture into an extruder, melting and blending the mixture for 50-70 min at the temperature of 150-200 ℃, adding bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant, uniformly stirring the mixture, and extruding the mixture to obtain a polystyrene base material;
3) and (3) placing the obtained polystyrene base material in a sealed pressure-resistant mold, rapidly heating the mold to 130-135 ℃, introducing supercritical fluid into the mold, controlling the pressure in the mold to be 15.5-18.5 MPa, treating for 3-6 h, reducing the temperature to 100-110 ℃, and rapidly relieving pressure to obtain the polystyrene foam material.
Example 2:
a polystyrene foaming material based on supercritical fluid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of polystyrene, 10 parts of thermoplastic elastomer material, 2 parts of bio-based porous carbon, 2 parts of cellulose nanowhisker, 1 part of nucleating agent, 1.5 parts of dispersing agent, 2 parts of surfactant and 2 parts of antioxidant.
In this example, the thermoplastic elastomer material is a composition of styrenes and polyethylenes.
In this example, the surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
In this embodiment, the dispersant is an aqueous methanol solution, and the mass fraction of alcohols in the aqueous solution is 50%.
In this example, the nucleating agent is calcium carbonate.
In this example, the antioxidant is isooctyl 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionate.
In this embodiment, the fluid is CO2。
In this embodiment, the bio-based porous carbon is bamboo carbon, and the specific surface area of the carbon material is 500m2/g。
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the polystyrene foam material based on the supercritical fluid, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the following components in parts by weight: polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material, bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a nucleating agent, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant;
2) mixing polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material and a nucleating agent, putting the mixture into an extruder, melting and blending the mixture for 50min at the temperature of 150 ℃, adding bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant, uniformly stirring the mixture, and extruding the mixture to obtain a polystyrene base material;
3) and (3) placing the obtained polystyrene base material in a sealed pressure-resistant die, rapidly heating the die to 130 ℃, introducing supercritical fluid into the die, controlling the pressure in the die to be 15.5MPa, treating for 3 hours, reducing the temperature to 100 ℃, and rapidly relieving pressure to obtain the polystyrene foam material.
Example 3:
a polystyrene foaming material based on supercritical fluid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of polystyrene, 15 parts of thermoplastic elastomer material, 3 parts of bio-based porous carbon, 2 parts of cellulose nanowhiskers, 4 parts of nucleating agent, 4 parts of dispersing agent, 0.8 part of surfactant and 1 part of antioxidant.
In this example, the thermoplastic elastomer material is a composition of styrenes and polyethylenes.
In this example, the surfactant is a mixture of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfonate.
In this embodiment, the dispersant is an aqueous solution of methanol and ethanol, and the mass fraction of the alcohol in the aqueous solution is 55%.
In this example, the nucleating agent is a mixture of calcium carbonate and silica.
In this example, the antioxidant is isooctyl 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionate.
In this embodiment, the fluid is CO2。
In this embodiment, the bio-based porous carbon is one or two of bamboo carbon and bamboo shoot carbon, and the specific surface area of the carbon material is 1000m2/g。
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the polystyrene foam material based on the supercritical fluid, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the following components in parts by weight: polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material, bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a nucleating agent, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant;
2) mixing polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material and a nucleating agent, putting the mixture into an extruder, melting and blending the mixture for 65min at 180 ℃, adding bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant, uniformly stirring, and extruding to obtain a polystyrene base material;
3) and (3) placing the obtained polystyrene base material in a sealed pressure-resistant die, rapidly heating the die to 135 ℃, introducing supercritical fluid into the die, controlling the pressure in the die to be 18.5MPa, treating for 5 hours, reducing the temperature to 100 ℃, and rapidly relieving the pressure to obtain the polystyrene foam material.
Example 4:
a polystyrene foaming material based on supercritical fluid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of polystyrene, 15 parts of thermoplastic elastomer material, 2 parts of bio-based porous carbon, 2 parts of cellulose nanowhiskers, 5 parts of nucleating agent, 2.5 parts of dispersing agent, 0.8 part of surfactant and 0.8 part of antioxidant.
In this example, the thermoplastic elastomer material is a mixture of styrenics and polyethylenes.
In this example, the surfactant is a mixture of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfonate.
In this embodiment, the dispersant is an aqueous solution of methanol and ethanol, and the mass fraction of alcohols in the aqueous solution is 60%.
In this example, the nucleating agent is a mixture of calcium carbonate and silica.
In this example, the antioxidant is isooctyl 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionate.
In this embodiment, the fluid is CO2。
In this example, the bio-based porous carbon was bamboo shoot carbon, and the specific surface area of the carbon material was 1500m2/g。
In this embodiment, a method for preparing a polystyrene foam material based on a supercritical fluid includes the following steps:
1) weighing the following components in parts by weight: polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material, bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a nucleating agent, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant;
2) mixing polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material and a nucleating agent, putting the mixture into an extruder, melting and blending the mixture for 70min at 200 ℃, adding bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant, uniformly stirring the mixture, and extruding the mixture to obtain a polystyrene base material;
3) and (3) placing the obtained polystyrene base material in a sealed pressure-resistant die, rapidly heating the die to 135 ℃, introducing supercritical fluid into the die, controlling the pressure in the die to be 18.5MPa, treating for 6 hours, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and rapidly relieving the pressure to obtain the polystyrene foam material.
Comparative example 1:
the difference from example 4 is that there is no thermoplastic elastomer material, and the other is the same as example 4.
Comparative example 2:
the difference from example 4 is that there is no bio-based porous carbon, and the other is the same as example 4.
Comparative example 3:
the difference from example 4 is that there is no cellulose nanowhisker, and the rest is the same as example 4.
The supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam obtained in examples 2 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and the general polystyrene foam were subjected to a performance test, the internal cell morphology thereof was analyzed by scanning electron microscope analysis, and the tensile strength thereof was tested in accordance with the national standard GB/T10654-2001, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
From the above table analysis, comparative example 1 and example 4 compare: the thermoplastic elastomer material with a proper proportion is added, so that the polystyrene foam material has good compatibility in a raw material system, is matched with other components, plays a good synergistic effect, has a reinforcing and toughening effect on polystyrene, and can greatly improve the mechanical property of the polystyrene foam material.
From the above table analysis, it can be seen that comparative example 2 and example 4 compare: the polystyrene foaming material has good compatibility in a raw material system, is matched with other components to play a good synergistic effect, can embody good dispersion form and interface compatibility, greatly increases the expandability of the polystyrene, obviously enlarges the foaming range, improves the density of foam holes and reduces the size of the foam holes.
From the above table analysis, it can be seen that comparative example 3 and example 4 compare: the polystyrene foam material is added with the cellulose nano whiskers in a proper proportion, has good compatibility in a raw material system, is matched with other components to play a good synergistic effect, can obviously improve the strength of the material, and can improve the supercritical CO2The absorption rate of the polymer is remarkably shortened, and the time required by the polymer to reach saturation is remarkably shortened, so that the product prepared by the invention has the characteristics of high strength and light weight.
In conclusion, the supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam material of the present invention performs well in all aspects of performance, has significantly improved performance, and can greatly meet the market demand, and in addition, under the comparison, the supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam material prepared in example 3 has the best performance, and the corresponding formula dosage and preparation method thereof are the best schemes.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The polystyrene foam material based on the supercritical fluid is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-80 parts of polystyrene, 10-20 parts of thermoplastic elastomer material, 1-5 parts of bio-based porous carbon, 1-3 parts of cellulose nanowhisker, 1-5 parts of nucleating agent, 1.5-6.5 parts of dispersing agent, 0.1-2 parts of surfactant and 0.1-2 parts of antioxidant.
2. The supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam material according to claim 1, wherein the polystyrene foam material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of polystyrene, 15 parts of thermoplastic elastomer material, 3 parts of bio-based porous carbon, 2 parts of cellulose nanowhiskers, 4 parts of nucleating agent, 4 parts of dispersing agent, 0.8 part of surfactant and 1 part of antioxidant.
3. The supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer material is at least one of styrenic, polyethylenic and polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers.
4. The supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is any one or a mixture of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfate, cetylpyridinium chloride and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.
5. The supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam material according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is an aqueous solution of any one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol, and the mass fraction of the alcohols in the aqueous solution is 50-60%.
6. The supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam according to claim 1, wherein the nucleating agent is at least one of calcium carbonate, silica and talc.
7. The supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam according to claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is isooctyl 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionate.
8. The supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam according to claim 1, wherein the fluid is CO2。
9. The supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bio-based porous carbon is one or both of bamboo carbon and bamboo shoot carbon, and the specific surface area of the carbon material is 500-1500 m2/g。
10. A method for preparing a supercritical fluid-based polystyrene foam material according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
1) weighing the following components in parts by weight: polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material, bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a nucleating agent, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant;
2) mixing polystyrene, a thermoplastic elastomer material and a nucleating agent, putting the mixture into an extruder, melting and blending the mixture for 50-70 min at the temperature of 150-200 ℃, adding bio-based porous carbon, cellulose nanowhiskers, a dispersing agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant, uniformly stirring the mixture, and extruding the mixture to obtain a polystyrene base material;
and (3) placing the obtained polystyrene base material in a sealed pressure-resistant mold, rapidly heating the mold to 130-135 ℃, introducing supercritical fluid into the mold, controlling the pressure in the mold to be 15.5-18.5 MPa, treating for 3-6 h, reducing the temperature to 100-110 ℃, and rapidly relieving pressure to obtain the polystyrene foam material.
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