CN111393233A - Low-molecular-weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving effectiveness of soil phosphorus and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-molecular-weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving effectiveness of soil phosphorus and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-molecular-weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving the effectiveness of soil phosphorus and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of agricultural production, and the organic acid honey fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-6 parts of molasses, 4-6 parts of lactobacillus casei liquid strain, 0.5-1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain, 2-3 parts of citric acid, 0.5-1 part of malic acid, 3-4 parts of compound amino acid concentrated solution and 90-100 parts of water. Various low molecular weight organic acids and a large amount of beneficial microorganism live bacteria are utilized to convert phosphorus accumulated in soil into available phosphorus for crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a low-molecular-weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving the effectiveness of soil phosphorus and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Phosphorus is used as one of three essential nutrient elements for plant growth, and the input of phosphate fertilizer has irreplaceable effect on high quality and yield of crops and improvement of soil phosphorus fertility7And (kg). Nevertheless, phosphorus deficiency remainsIs one of the important factors limiting the crop yield in many areas in China, because of the low utilization rate (usually 10-25%) of phosphate fertilizer by plants and the high phosphorus holding capacity of soil, so that 75-90% of applied phosphate fertilizer is retained in soil. After years of agricultural phosphorus application, people in many areas have already accumulated phosphorus in soil. In the process of continuously accumulating phosphorus in the soil, not only is the phosphorite resource wasted, but also serious environmental problems such as water body eutrophication and the like can be caused.
Aiming at the situation, the phosphorus which is accumulated in the soil and is difficult to absorb and utilize is converted into available phosphorus which can be utilized by crops, and the method has excellent economic benefit and ecological environmental protection value. Low molecular weight organic acids are considered to be a relatively common and efficient mechanism for soil phosphorus activation. The low molecular weight organic acid has certain acid effect and carboxyl complexation in soil environment, has important influence on soil physicochemical property, mineral dissolution and soil formation effect, rhizosphere nutrition, heavy metal toxicity and the like, and the ecological function of the organic acid is mainly shown in the following aspects: (1) the rhizosphere soil can be acidified, the biochemical process of the rhizosphere is influenced to be used as an important energy source for microbial propagation, and the types and the quantity of soil microbes are influenced, for example, the low molecular weight organic acid can not only directly influence the quantity and the activity of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil, but also influence the adsorption of soil enzymes on soil colloids and minerals so as to influence the biological activity of the soil enzymes; (2) promoting the weathering of primary and secondary minerals in the soil; (3) the function of regulating plant nutrition is shown in that organic acid activates nutrient elements such as phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and the like in the rhizosphere environment, and the plant nutrition condition is improved; (4) the harm of toxic elements is relieved, such as aluminum (Al) toxicity is relieved through complexation, and the chelating agent can be used for restoring heavy metal (Cd, Pb) polluted soil; (5) allelopathy, such as inhibition of weed growth around crops, etc. In addition, most of the low molecular weight organic acids also have a certain activation effect on the organophosphorus and phosphorus in the soil.
However, low molecular weight organic acids in soil are small molecule carbohydrates having one to several carboxyl groups, mainly derived from the decomposition of animal and plant residues, the secretion of plant roots and the synthesis of microorganisms. The concentration of low molecular weight organic acids is generally not high, on the order of micromoles to millimoles, and is in a dynamic process of synthesis and decomposition. Meanwhile, the composition of soil low molecular weight organic acids is very complex, and the type and amount thereof are influenced by factors such as plant species, soil type, nutritional status, the amount and activity of soil microorganisms, and the like.
Therefore, the problem to be solved is how to increase the release amount of phosphorus or phosphate ore phosphorus in soil, increase the effectiveness of phosphorus in soil and further improve the phosphorus nutrition status of plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-molecular-weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving the effectiveness of soil phosphorus and a preparation method thereof, which can convert phosphorus accumulated in soil into available phosphorus for crops.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the low molecular weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving the effectiveness of soil phosphorus comprises, by weight, 5-6 parts of molasses, 4-6 parts of lactobacillus casei (L actinobacillus casei) liquid strain, 0.5-1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae) liquid strain, 2-3 parts of citric acid, 0.5-1 part of malic acid, 3-4 parts of compound amino acid concentrated solution and 90-100 parts of water.
The effective bacteria content of the lactobacillus casei liquid strain is more than 1.0 × 109cfu/ml。
The effective bacteria content of the saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain is more than 1.0 × 109cfu/ml。
The compound amino acid concentrated solution mainly comprises L-threonine (3.5% -4.0%), L-aspartic acid (3.5% -4.0%), L-serine (4.5% -5.0%), L-1-glutamic acid (9.0% -10%), L2-proline (8.0% -9.0%), L-glycine (2.5% -3.0%), L-alanine (1.5% -2.0%), 825-cystine (1.0% -2.0%), L-valine (2.0% -3.0%), L-methionine (0.4% -0.6%), L-isoleucine (1.5% -2.0%), L-leucine (0.8% -1.2%), L-tyrosine (0.2% -0.4%), phenylalanine (0.398% -1.0%), L-lysine (1.6% -2.580%), tryptophan (0.5% -2. L% -2.0%), tryptophan) (2% -5%) and tryptophan (2.0% -50%) in a total weight ratio to arginine (2.00% -50%).
A preparation method of a low molecular weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving the effectiveness of soil phosphorus comprises the following steps:
1) adding 5-6 parts of molasses into 90-100 parts of clear water, mixing uniformly, adding into a fermentation tank, wherein the sample loading amount of the mixture is 85-90% (volume ratio) of the total volume of the fermentation tank, sterilizing, and cooling to room temperature;
2) adopting aseptic operation, adding 4-6 parts of lactobacillus casei liquid strain into a fermentation tank, adding 0.5-1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain into the fermentation tank, and stopping stirring after all components are uniformly stirred; performing semi-aerobic fermentation in the early stage, and performing complete anaerobic fermentation in the later stage until the fermentation is completed;
3) adding 2-3 parts of citric acid, 0.5-1.0 part of malic acid and 3.0-4.0 parts of compound amino acid into the fermentation liquor, and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic acid honey fertilizer.
Further, the sterilization is carried out at the temperature of 115 ℃ and 120 ℃ for 30-35 minutes in the step 1).
Further, the fermentation temperature is 20-30 ℃.
Further, the semi-oxygen consumption fermentation time is 12-24 hours; the anaerobic fermentation time is 5-10 days, and the pH value is 3-4.
The invention utilizes the leftovers (cane molasses or beet molasses) in the sugar industry to produce and convert the leftovers into the organic acid honey fertilizer, and the organic acid content in the organic acid honey fertilizer is detected>5% (by weight) of lactic acid>1% (by weight), citric acid content>2% (weight ratio), malic acid content>0.5% (weight ratio), composite amino acid content>1.5% (weight ratio). Active probiotic lactobacillus casei content>1.0×108Per ml, Saccharomyces cerevisiae>1.0×106And/ml. The organic acid honey fertilizer realizes high value-added resource utilization of sugar industry leftovers. The organic acids with various low molecular weights contained in the organic acid fertilizer can help to reduce chemical precipitation and fixation of active phosphate in soil, promote degradation and release of ineffective phosphorus in soil and improve the effectiveness of phosphorus. The large amount of viable beneficial microorganisms propagated in the process of fermenting the honey fertilizer can further improve the utilization effect of the fertilizer and strengthen the soilThe soil microbial activity, the plant growth promotion and the stress resistance. Experiments show that the absorption and utilization efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer is improved by more than 40 percent, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is reduced by more than 30 percent. The organic acid honey fertilizer can achieve the effects of improving soil, saving fertilizer, increasing yield and protecting environment, and has obvious economic benefit and social benefit.
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FIG. 1 is the preparation process of the low molecular weight organic acid honey fertilizer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Example 1:
a low molecular weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving the effectiveness of soil phosphorus comprises the following production raw materials: 5 parts of molasses, 4 parts of lactobacillus casei liquid strain, 0.5 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.5 part of malic acid, 3.0 parts of compound amino acid concentrated solution and 100 parts of water.
The lactobacillus casei liquid strain is a product amplified by utilizing commercial strains, and the effective strain content is 1.5 × 109cfu/ml。
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain is a product amplified by using commercially available strains, and the effective strain content is 1.1 × 109cfu/ml。
The compound amino acid concentrated solution is a commercial product and comprises L-threonine (3.5%), L-aspartic acid (3.5%), L0-serine (4.5%), L1-glutamic acid (10%), L2-proline (9.0%), L3-glycine (2.5%), L4-alanine (1.5%), L5-cystine (2.0%), L6-valine (3.0%), L7-methionine (0.4%), L-isoleucine (1.5%), L-leucine (0.8%), L-tyrosine (0.2%), L-phenylalanine (0.8%), L-lysine (1.6%), L-histidine (2.0%), L-arginine (4.0%), L-tryptophan (0.03%) and water (49.17%), and the total amount of amino acids (50.83%) and the content are all in weight ratio.
Adding 5 parts of molasses into 100 parts of clear water, mixing uniformly, adding into a fermentation tank, loading the sample amount to be 90% (volume ratio) of the total volume of the fermentation tank, sterilizing at 115 ℃ for 30 minutes, and cooling to room temperature. Adopting aseptic operation, adding 4 parts of lactobacillus casei liquid strain into a fermentation tank, adding 0.5 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain into the fermentation tank, and uniformly stirring all the components. The fermentation temperature is 20 ℃, the fermentation is performed in the first 24 hours under the condition of semi-oxygen consumption, continuous stirring is needed, and then the fermentation enters a complete anaerobic fermentation stage. And (5) performing anaerobic fermentation for 10 days until the pH value reaches 3.5, namely completing the fermentation.
Adding 2 parts of citric acid, 0.5 part of malic acid and 3.0 parts of compound amino acid into the fermentation liquor, uniformly mixing, and bottling to obtain the organic acid honey fertilizer.
Example 2:
a low molecular weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving the effectiveness of soil phosphorus comprises the following production raw materials: 6 parts of molasses, 6 parts of lactobacillus casei liquid strain, 1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain, 3 parts of citric acid, 1 part of malic acid, 4 parts of compound amino acid concentrated solution and 90 parts of water.
The lactobacillus casei liquid strain is a product amplified by utilizing commercial strains, and the effective strain content is 1.8 × 109cfu/ml。
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain is obtained by amplifying commercial strains, and has effective strain content of 1.0 × 109cfu/ml。
The compound amino acid concentrated solution is a commercial product and comprises L-threonine (4%), L-aspartic acid (4%), L0-serine (4.5%), L1-glutamic acid (10%), L2-proline (9.0%), L3-glycine (2.5%), L4-alanine (1.5%), L5-cystine (2.0%), L6-valine (3.0%), L7-methionine (0.4%), L-isoleucine (2%), L-leucine (0.8%), L-tyrosine (0.4%), L-phenylalanine (0.8%), L-lysine (1.6%), L-histidine (2.0%), L-arginine (4.0%), L-tryptophan (0.05%) and moisture (48.11%), and the total amount of the amino acids (52.39%) is weight ratio.
6 parts of molasses) are added into 90 parts of clear water, mixed evenly, added into a fermentation tank, the sample loading amount is 85 percent (volume ratio) of the total volume of the fermentation tank, sterilized at 120 ℃ for 35 minutes, and cooled to room temperature. Adopting aseptic operation, adding 6 parts of lactobacillus casei liquid strain into a fermentation tank, adding 1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain into the fermentation tank, and uniformly stirring all the components. The fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, the fermentation is half oxygen consumption fermentation in the first 12 hours, continuous stirring is needed, and then the fermentation enters a complete anaerobic fermentation stage. And (5) performing anaerobic fermentation for 5 days until the pH value reaches 3, namely completing the fermentation.
Adding 3 parts of citric acid, 1 part of malic acid and 4 parts of compound amino acid into the fermentation liquor, uniformly mixing, and bottling to obtain the organic acid honey fertilizer.
Example 3:
a low molecular weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving the effectiveness of soil phosphorus comprises the following production raw materials: 5.5 parts of molasses, 5.5 parts of lactobacillus casei liquid strain, 0.8 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain, 2.5 parts of citric acid, 0.8 part of malic acid, 3.6 parts of compound amino acid concentrated solution and 95 parts of water.
The lactobacillus casei liquid strain is a product amplified by utilizing commercial strains, and the effective strain content is 1.5 × 109cfu/ml。
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain is a product amplified by using commercially available strains, and the effective strain content is 1.2 × 109cfu/ml。
The compound amino acid concentrated solution is a commercial product and consists of L-threonine (4%), L-aspartic acid (4%), L0-serine (4.5%), L1-glutamic acid (10%), L2-proline (9.0%), L3-glycine (2.5%), L4-alanine (1.5%), L5-cystine (2.0%), L6-valine (3.0%), L7-methionine (0.4%), L-isoleucine (1.5%), L-leucine (1.2%), L-tyrosine (0.4%), L-phenylalanine (1%), L-lysine (2.0%), L-histidine (2.0%), L-arginine (4.2%), L-tryptophan (0.05%) and moisture (46.91%), and the total amount of the amino acids (53.09%) is weight ratio.
Adding 5.5 parts of molasses into 95 parts of clear water, mixing, adding into a fermentation tank, loading the sample amount to 87.5% (volume ratio) of the total volume of the fermentation tank, sterilizing at 118 deg.C for 32 min, and cooling to room temperature. Adopting aseptic operation, adding 5.5 parts of lactobacillus casei liquid strain into a fermentation tank, adding 0.8 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain into the fermentation tank, and uniformly stirring all the components. The fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, the fermentation is half oxygen consumption fermentation in the first 18 hours, continuous stirring is needed, and then the fermentation enters a complete anaerobic fermentation stage. Anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 7 days, the pH value is 4, and the fermentation is finished.
Adding 2.5 parts of citric acid, 0.8 part of malic acid and 3.6 parts of compound amino acid (by weight ratio) into the fermentation liquor, uniformly mixing, and bottling to obtain the organic acid honey fertilizer.
The use amount of the organic acid honey fertilizer provided by the invention is 20-30L/667 m2(mu) is applied to the soil 2-3 times along with irrigation in the whole growth period of the crops. The effect of the organic acid honey was examined by the following test.
Selecting a piece of Shandong Qihe with an area of about 1500m29 150m dry lands with flat terrain, medium soil fertility and uniform fertility2The cell of (2). Wherein 3 cells are treated by organic acid honey fertilizer (3 times of treatment), and the organic acid honey fertilizer is applied at a rate of 25kg/667m2Diammonium hydrogen phosphate 7kg/667m215kg/667m of urea2And KCl 7.5kg/667m2(ii) a 3 cells were control group 1(3 replicates) dosed with 10kg/667m diammonium phosphate215kg/667m of urea2And KCl 7.5kg/667m2(ii) a The other 3 cells were control group 2(3 replicates), to which 7kg/667m of diammonium phosphate was added215kg/667m of urea2、KCl 7.5kg/667m2. The tested crop is wheat, the fertilizer is applied in a one-time base mode, and the organic acid honey fertilizer is applied to soil in 3 times along with irrigation. The yield is measured when the wheat is harvested, and the content change of phosphorus in the soil is detected.
The test result shows that the yield of the wheat treated by the organic acid honey fertilizer is equivalent to that of the control group 1. As the usage amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the control group 1 is 30 percent higher than that of the treatment group applied with the organic acid honey fertilizer, the usage amount of the phosphate fertilizer can be reduced by more than 30 percent after the organic acid honey fertilizer is applied.
Compared with the control group 2, the treatment group applied with the organic acid honey fertilizer of the invention reduces the phosphorus content in the soil by 41.4 percent, which shows that the absorption and utilization efficiency of the crops to the phosphate fertilizer is improved by more than 40 percent after the organic acid honey fertilizer is used.
The above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it, and a person skilled in the art can modify the technical solution of the present invention or substitute it with an equivalent, and the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A low molecular weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving the effectiveness of soil phosphorus is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-6 parts of molasses, 4-6 parts of lactobacillus casei liquid strain, 0.5-1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain, 2-3 parts of citric acid, 0.5-1 part of malic acid, 3-4 parts of compound amino acid concentrated solution and 90-100 parts of water.
2. The low molecular weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving soil phosphorus availability of claim 1, wherein the effective bacteria content of lactobacillus casei liquid strain is more than 1.0 × 109cfu/ml, the effective bacteria content of the saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain is more than 1.0 × 109cfu/ml。
3. The low molecular weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving the phosphorus availability of soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the components of the compound amino acid concentrate comprise, by weight, more than 50% of amino acids and less than 50% of moisture, wherein the amino acids include L-threonine 3.5% -4.0%, L-aspartic acid 3.5% -4.0%, L-serine 4.5% -5.0%, L-glutamic acid 9.0% -10%, L2-proline 8.0% -9.0%, L-glycine 2.5% -3.0%, L-alanine 1.5% -2.0%, L-cystine 1.0% -2.0%, L-valine 2.0% -3.0%, L-methionine 0.4% -0.6%, L-isoleucine 1.5% -2.0%, L-leucine 0.8% -1.2%, L-0.2.0%, tyrosine 0.38% -397-390%, arginine 0% -L%, and tryptophan 0.5% -2.0%.
4. A preparation method of a low molecular weight organic acid honey fertilizer for improving the effectiveness of soil phosphorus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding 5-6 parts of molasses into 90-100 parts of clear water to prepare a uniform mixture, adding the uniform mixture into a fermentation tank, sterilizing and cooling to room temperature;
adopting aseptic operation, adding 4-6 parts of lactobacillus casei liquid strain and 0.5-1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain into a fermentation tank, stirring uniformly, stopping stirring, performing semi-oxygen consumption fermentation in the early stage, and performing complete anaerobic fermentation in the later stage until the fermentation is finished;
and adding 2-3 parts of citric acid, 0.5-1.0 part of malic acid and 3.0-4.0 parts of compound amino acid into the fermented liquid, and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic acid honey fertilizer.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the mixture is sampled in an amount of 85% to 90% of the total volume of the fermentor.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the effective bacteria content of the Lactobacillus casei liquid strain is greater than 1.0 × 109cfu/ml, the effective bacteria content of the saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid strain is more than 1.0 × 109cfu/ml。
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the composition of the complex amino acid concentrate comprises greater than 50% amino acids and less than 50% moisture by weight, wherein the amino acids comprise L-threonine 3.5% -4.0%, L-aspartic acid 3.5% -4.0%, L0-serine 4.5% -5.0%, L1-glutamic acid 9.0% -10%, L2-proline 8.0% -9.0%, L-glycine 2.5% -3.0%, L-alanine 1.5% -2.0%, L-cystine 1.0% -2.0%, L6-valine 2.0% -3.0%, L-methionine 0.4% -0.6%, L-isoleucine 1.5% -2.0%, L-leucine 0.8% -1.2%, L-tyrosine 0.2% -0.4%, L-phenylalanine 0.8% -1.0%, lysine 0.03% -581.5% -2.0%, and arginine 0.05% -5960.05% -5% -2.26%.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the sterilization method is: sterilizing at 115-120 deg.C for 30-35 min.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein the fermentation temperature is 20-30 ℃.
10. The method of claim 4 or 9, wherein the semi-aerobic fermentation time is 12-24 hours; the anaerobic fermentation time is 5-10 days, and the pH value is 3-4.
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