CN111393102A - Grouting material for reinforcing silty cohesive soil karst caves, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Grouting material for reinforcing silty cohesive soil karst caves, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111393102A CN111393102A CN202010215358.1A CN202010215358A CN111393102A CN 111393102 A CN111393102 A CN 111393102A CN 202010215358 A CN202010215358 A CN 202010215358A CN 111393102 A CN111393102 A CN 111393102A
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- grouting
- kaolin
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- mixing
- stirring
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 sulfenyl silane Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001843 polymethylhydrosiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 4
- BPCXHCSZMTWUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CCC(F)(F)F BPCXHCSZMTWUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013040 rubber vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- TXDNPSYEJHXKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylsilane Chemical compound S[SiH3] TXDNPSYEJHXKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical group CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- CQBLUJRVOKGWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[AlH3] Chemical compound [O].[AlH3] CQBLUJRVOKGWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical compound [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBIWRUYUONRXCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enyl trimethyl silicate Chemical compound C(=C)CCO[Si](OC)(OC)OC JBIWRUYUONRXCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGVVJWXRCWCCOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene;hydrate Chemical group O.C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 DGVVJWXRCWCCOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000144 sodium(I) superoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/70—Grouts, e.g. injection mixtures for cables for prestressed concrete
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grouting material for reinforcing a silty cohesive soil karst cave, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst cave comprises the following components of cement, fly ash, mineral powder, a water reducing agent, rubber powder, silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion, calcium carbonate, quartz sand, shale ceramsite, cellulose ether and water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grouting materials, in particular to a grouting material for reinforcing a silty cohesive soil karst cave, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In southwest of China, road construction often needs to pass through karst areas, especially hidden karst areas with potential collapse risks, and karst caves form serious harm to engineering construction. The hidden karst geological structure is complex (including karst cave and overlying soil layer thereof, the action of water is usually considered), the damage forms are various, besides the conventional damage form of karst cave top plate damage, the overlying soil layer damage of the karst cave caused by underground water level change (such as erosion caused by pumping drainage, which often occurs near the bedrock surface) is also considered. According to the thickness and the buried depth of the top plate of the karst cave, the hidden karst can be divided into four types, namely a deep buried thin top, a shallow buried thin top, a deep buried thick top, a shallow buried thick top and the like. Both the deep-buried thin-top karst and the shallow-buried thin-top karst belong to the high-incidence karst destruction type, wherein the deep-buried thin-top karst is difficult to treat. On one hand, deep burying means that the soil layer is rich in pressure-bearing underground water, and under the soaking of the underground water, the soil layer near the basement rock surface (karst cave top plate) is in a plastic or even soft plastic state, and deformation can be caused once disturbance occurs. On the other hand, a thin roof means that there may be an open karst morphology, and the overburden is likely to gradually erode and collapse at this location, and therefore, it is necessary to develop a corresponding treatment strategy.
The grouting reinforcement of karst caves (containing filling materials) in karst areas and the grouting of fractured rock masses are inherently different, the construction of tunnels in filling type karst caves is equivalent to the reconstruction of surrounding rocks and structures around the excavation surfaces of the tunnels, and the grouting is completed under the condition of bearing larger water pressure. Therefore, on one hand, the grouting material is required to be capable of being constructed under the condition of confined water and should have non-dispersibility; on the other hand, as the grouting body directly bears larger water pressure, the grouting reinforcement body is required to quickly reach higher strength, and the requirements on the water-cement ratio and early strength of the grout are higher. This should be taken into account when selecting the grouting material and determining the grouting process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the first technical problem and discloses a grouting material for reinforcing a silty cohesive soil karst cave.
The grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 300-500 parts of cement, 70-100 parts of fly ash, 50-130 parts of mineral powder, 10-15 parts of a water reducing agent, 100-250 parts of rubber powder, 50-100 parts of a silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion, 20-40 parts of calcium carbonate, 600-700 parts of quartz sand, 400-535 parts of shale ceramsite, 4-20 parts of cellulose ether and 100-300 parts of water.
Further, the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion is PHMS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the PHMS/SiO2The synthesis process of the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion comprises the steps of adding 1-3 m L ethylenediamine into 500-700 m L tetrahydrofuran, stirring for 0.5-1 hour at 100-300 revolutions per minute, adding 3-6 m L polymethylhydrosiloxane, continuing to stir for 0.5-2 hours at 100-300 revolutions per minute, adding 25-40 m L tetraethoxysilane, stirring for 12-16 hours, adding 1-3 m L water, stirring for 3-5 hours at 400-800 revolutions per minute, and fully hydrolyzing the tetraethoxysilane to obtain PHMS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
Preferably, the preparation process of the rubber powder comprises the following steps:
(1) purifying kaolin: mixing kaolin and water according to a mass ratio of 1: (3-5) mixing, adding sodium polyacrylate accounting for 1-2% of the mass of kaolin as a dispersing agent, stirring at 500-800 rpm for 2-4 hours to uniformly disperse, standing for 5-12 hours, then removing bottom silt, collecting an upper layer suspension, and adjusting to a solid content of 5-15% by using water to obtain a kaolin suspension;
(2) blending: mixing 200-400 g of kaolin suspension and 100-170 g of styrene butadiene rubber, and stirring for 30-60 minutes at a speed of 60-200 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixture;
(3) coagulating, namely adding a coagulant aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.3-0.5% into the mixture obtained in the step (2) at the speed of 1-10 m L/min, wherein the dosage of the coagulant aqueous solution is 0.7-1% of the mass of the mixture, so as to realize the co-coagulation of kaolin/rubber, then carrying out centrifugal separation, so as to obtain a bottom solid, washing the bottom solid with water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying at 50-60 ℃ until the weight is not changed, so as to obtain a dried co-coagulation product;
(4) mixing: adding 1-3 g of zinc oxide, 1-3 g of stearic acid, 1-2 g of rubber accelerator NS and 2-3 g of sulfur into every 200g of dried co-coagulation product, and mixing at 50-80 DEG CVulcanizing the mixed product at 150-180 ℃ × (15-20) MPa × t90Collecting the vulcanization product; and grinding the vulcanization product into powder by using a grinding device, and sieving to obtain the rubber powder.
More preferably, the preparation process of the rubber powder comprises the following steps:
(1) purifying kaolin: mixing kaolin and water according to a mass ratio of 1: (3-5) mixing, adding sodium polyacrylate accounting for 1-2% of the mass of kaolin as a dispersing agent, stirring at 500-800 rpm for 2-4 hours to uniformly disperse, standing for 5-12 hours, then removing bottom silt, collecting an upper layer suspension, and adjusting to a solid content of 5-15% by using water to obtain a kaolin suspension;
(2) modification: mixing the kaolin suspension obtained in the step (1) with silane, wherein the amount of the silane is 1-3% of the mass of the kaolin in the step (1), and stirring at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ at 300-500 rpm for 30-60 minutes to obtain modified kaolin slurry;
(3) blending: mixing 200-400 g of the modified kaolin suspension obtained in the step (2) and 100-170 g of styrene butadiene rubber, and stirring for 30-60 minutes at a speed of 60-200 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixture;
(4) coagulating, namely adding a coagulant aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.3-0.5% into the mixture obtained in the step (3) at the speed of 1-10 m L/min, wherein the dosage of the coagulant aqueous solution is 0.7-1% of the mass of the mixture, so as to realize the co-coagulation of kaolin/rubber, then carrying out centrifugal separation, so as to obtain a bottom solid, washing the bottom solid with water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying at 50-60 ℃ until the weight is not changed, so as to obtain a dried co-coagulation product;
(5) mixing, namely adding 1-3 g of zinc oxide, 1-3 g of stearic acid, 1-2 g of rubber accelerator NS and 2-3 g of sulfur into per 200g of dried co-coagulation product, mixing for 5-10 minutes at 50-80 ℃ to obtain a mixed product, and vulcanizing the mixed product, wherein the vulcanization process is (150-180) DEG C × (15-20) MPa × t90Collecting the vulcanization product; and grinding the vulcanization product into powder by using a grinding device, and sieving to obtain the rubber powder.
The coagulant is HCl and H2SO4、ZnCl2、ZnSO4、CaCl2、FeCl3、Fe2(SO4)3、P-FeSO4、Al2(SO4)3、KAl(SO4)2One or a mixture of several of them. The coagulant is preferably Al2(SO4)3Or KAl (SO)4)2。
Further, the silane is one or a mixture of more of aminosilane, vinyl silane and sulfenyl silane. Preferably, the silane is an aminosilane.
As a further adjustment of the technical scheme of the invention, the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion is FAS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
The FAS/SiO2The synthesis process of the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion comprises the steps of adding ammonia water with the mass fraction of 25-28% and the mass fraction of 5-10 m L into absolute ethyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 25-35 m L at room temperature, stirring for 0.5-1 hour at 100-300 revolutions per minute to form a solution A, adding ethyl orthosilicate with the mass fraction of 5-10 m L and tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane with the mass fraction of 0.2-0.6 m L into absolute ethyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 25-35 m L, stirring for 0.5-1 hour at 100-300 revolutions per minute to form a solution B, mixing the solution A and the solution B, continuously stirring for 12-16 hours at 100-300 revolutions per minute, and ultrasonically dispersing for 5-10 minutes to obtain FAS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
As a further adjustment of the technical scheme of the invention, the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion is PHMS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion and FAS/SiO2The silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1, in a mixture of the components.
The invention aims to solve the second technical problem of providing a preparation method of a grouting material for reinforcing a silty cohesive soil karst cave.
The preparation method of the grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring the fly ash, the mineral powder and the quartz sand to obtain mixed aggregates;
(2) uniformly mixing the rubber powder and the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion to obtain mixed emulsion for later use;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the cement, the mixed aggregate obtained in the step (1), calcium carbonate, shale ceramsite and water, then adding the mixed emulsion obtained in the step (2), and finally adding a water reducing agent and cellulose ether to obtain the grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil cavern.
The invention aims to solve the third technical problem and discloses application of the grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves.
The application of the grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves comprises the following steps:
step A: drilling construction is carried out by adopting an engineering geological drilling machine, a sleeve following mode is adopted, and the drilling depth enters 2-3 m of bedrock; if the drill bit does not enter the bedrock when the drill bit is drilled to the depth of 12-15 m, finishing drilling;
and B: after drilling, a grouting steel pipe is put into the sleeve; b kinds of grouting pipes are arranged at the grouting part, and A kinds of grouting pipes are arranged at the non-grouting part; the grouting pipes are connected by screw threads; pulling out the sleeve after the grouting pipe is inserted;
and C: filling a gap between the drilling hole and the grouting pipe in a range from 3m below a track line to the bottom of the hole; filling cement mortar in a range of 3m below the rail surface for hole sealing to prevent slurry return during grouting;
step D: adopting a ZJB/BP-30 grouting pump, and adopting a full-hole one-time mode to inject grouting materials for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves, wherein the single-hole grouting amount is 0.1-2 m3And (3) finishing grouting at the final pressure of 1.5-3 MPa, at the grouting speed of 1-5L/min and for 10-15 minutes, and finishing grouting.
The grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst cave has the advantages that ① discharges water, the soft plastic state of a covering layer is improved to be a plastic state to a hard plastic state, the erosion resistance is improved, ② improves the stress condition of a karst cave top plate, ③ improves the water seepage resistance, the change speed of underground water level and the influence degree on the covering layer are reduced, ④ reduces the permeability of a macroporous stratum by grouting the grouting material, the permeability is greatly improved, the permeability of the stratum is obviously reduced, and the key reinforcement of the stratum within a depth range is realized.
Detailed Description
The raw materials in the examples are as follows:
the cement specifically uses the ordinary portland cement grade p.o42.5 made by jiangxi, eastern Asian cement corporation, and has the following chemical composition:
chemical composition unit% of cement
| Composition (I) | SiO2 | CaO | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | SO3 | loss |
| wt％ | 20.47 | 59.64 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 3.74 | 2.08 | 2.44 |
The fly ash, a treasure fly ash development and utilization company Limited in Huainan city, Huai province, Anhui province, meets the related fly ash index requirements in fly ash for cement and concrete, and has the following chemical compositions:
chemical composition unit% of fly ash
| Composition (I) | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | P2O5 | TiO2 | K2O | MgO | NaO2 |
| wt％ | 57.7 | 26.1 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
Mineral powder, manufactured by Cishou county, Tandao mineral products Co., Ltd., grade S95.
The water reducing agent is a naphthalene water reducing agent provided by Shanghai Yunji new material science and technology limited, and is named FDN-C.
Calcium carbonate, factory Shijiazhuang Xuguang mineral processing plant, 800 mesh.
Quartz sand, constant Zhou mineral processing factory of Lingshou county, with density of 1500g/cm3。
Shale ceramisite, Xuan Huanan City Xuan and building materials Co., Ltd, product number 002.
Cellulose ether, manufactured by Shanghai Shuicho chemical Co., Ltd., model G L4155P.
Kaolin, a commercial product of Changzhou city le hua ye.
Styrene butadiene rubber, model SBR-1502, manufactured by Korea, Shandong, Korea, Inc.
Sodium polyacrylate dispersant, Zhengzhou Yaozhou Shunhua chemical Co., Ltd., Cat number 010.
Zinc oxide, type nb002, from Nibang chemical technology, Inc., Shijiazhuang, a manufacturer.
Stearic acid, Shanghai Zhenshe industries, Ltd.
Rubber accelerator NS, manufacturer Guangzhou city this rubber raw material trade company Limited.
Sulfur, manufactured by Jinlan chemical Co., Ltd.
The aminosilane is gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and is produced by Fujia industrial new chemical material Co.
Vinyl silane, in particular vinyl trimethoxy ethoxy silane, type A172, from Jinan cyclochemical Limited.
The thiosilane is particularly thiopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and the manufacturer is Heiyi Biotech limited.
Polymethylhydrosiloxane, CAS No.: 63148-57-2, Cinderland Zhiyou Si Material Co., Ltd.
Tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane, manufactured by Nanjing Ponno Biotech Ltd.
[ examples 1 to 7 ]
The grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves comprises the following components in parts by weight: 400 parts of cement, 70 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of mineral powder, 13 parts of water reducing agent, 180 parts of rubber powder and PHMS/SiO275 parts of silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion, 30 parts of calcium carbonate, 620 parts of quartz sand, 470 parts of shale ceramsite, 6 parts of cellulose ether and 220 parts of water.
The PHMS/SiO2The synthesis process of the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion comprises the steps of adding 1m L ethylenediamine into 600m L tetrahydrofuran, stirring for 0.5 hour at 100 revolutions per minute, then dripping 3m L polymethyl hydrogen siloxane at the speed of 0.1m L per minute, continuing to stir for 0.5 hour at 100 revolutions per minute, dripping 26m L ethyl orthosilicate at the speed of 1m L per minute, stirring for 12 hours at 100 revolutions per minute, adding 1m L deionized water, stirring for 3 hours at 500 revolutions per minute, and fully hydrolyzing the ethyl orthosilicate to obtain PHMS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
The preparation process of the rubber powder comprises the following steps:
(1) purifying kaolin: mixing kaolin and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 4, mixing, adding sodium polyacrylate accounting for 1% of the mass of the kaolin as a dispersing agent, stirring at 800 rpm for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the kaolin, standing for 8 hours, discarding bottom silt, collecting upper-layer suspension, and adjusting to a certain solid content (shown in table 1) by using water to obtain kaolin suspension;
(2) blending: mixing 300g of kaolin suspension and 160g of styrene butadiene rubber, and stirring for 30 minutes at 100 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixture;
(3) and (3) agglomeration: adding HCl solution with the mass fraction of 0.5% into the mixture obtained in the step (2) at a certain speed, wherein the use amount of the HCl solution is 0.7% of the mass of the mixture, so as to realize the co-coagulation of kaolin/rubber; then stirring for 20 minutes at 4000 revolutions per minute to obtain a bottom solid; washing the bottom solid with water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying at 60 ℃ until the weight is not changed any more to obtain a dried co-coagulation product;
(4) mixing, adding zinc oxide 3g, stearic acid 1g, rubber accelerator NS 1g, and sulfur 2g into per 200g dried co-coagulation product, mixing at 70 deg.C for 5 min to obtain mixed product, and vulcanizing at 150 deg.C, × 15MPa, × t90Collecting the vulcanization product; and grinding the vulcanization product into powder by using grinding equipment, and sieving the powder by using a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the rubber powder.
And (3) testing mechanical properties: the mechanical properties were determined according to GB-T528-1998 standard using a GT-AI-7000-GD universal electronic tensile tester (GOTECH test machines).
The specific test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of the rubber powders
From the above data, it can be seen that when the kaolin slurry and the styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion are blended, they can exist stably without interfering with each other in a suspension system. Kaolinite as a typical one is 1: the 1-layer type silicate mineral is composed of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron and aluminum-oxygen octahedron. During the natural formation of kaolinite, a small amount of Si atoms replace Al atoms in octahedron, and in addition, the protonation of broken bonds at the edges of particles and the deprotonation of surface hydroxyl groups cause the crystal lattice structure of kaolinite to carry a certain amount of negative charges. Therefore, during the co-coagulation process, the kaolinite particles in the suspension can adsorb H of the hydrochloric acid coagulant+. When the concentration of the kaolin slurry is low, the hydrochloric acid added to the kaolinite/styrene butadiene rubber co-suspension is easily diluted, resulting in a slow coagulation rate. When the addition speed of the hydrochloric acid is slow, the hydrochloric acid is very easyIt is readily dispersed uniformly throughout the co-suspending system, again resulting in a slower rate of agglomeration. But these adsorbed H+The hot air aging effect of rubber molecular chains in the drying process of an oven and the vulcanizing process can be obviously accelerated, and the mechanical property of the rubber is seriously reduced. On the contrary, when the concentration of the kaolin suspension and the HCl addition speed are higher, the local pH value of the kaolin/styrene-butadiene latex co-suspension system is rapidly reduced, and the micelle structure of the styrene-butadiene latex is rapidly destroyed. At this time H+The rubber molecular chains are quickly intertwined with each other and wrap the kaolinite particles in the kaolinite particles to prevent H from being adsorbed on the kaolinite surface+Adsorbing on the surface of the kaolinite.
However, the use of hydrochloric acid solution as a coagulant has the following disadvantages: h in the coagulant during coagulation+Can be adsorbed on the surface of kaolinite particles, accelerates the aging of the rubber material in the subsequent drying, vulcanization and use processes, influences the crosslinking density of the rubber material, changes the type of crosslinking bonds, and finally influences the application performance of the material. Although the adsorption of kaolin to the coagulant of hydrochloric acid solution is weakened with the increase of the coagulation speed, the adsorption cannot be completely avoided.
Comparative example 1
The grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves comprises the following components in parts by weight: 400 parts of cement, 70 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of mineral powder, 13 parts of water reducing agent, 180 parts of rubber powder and PHMS/SiO275 parts of silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion, 30 parts of calcium carbonate, 620 parts of quartz sand, 470 parts of shale ceramsite, 6 parts of cellulose ether and 220 parts of water.
The PHMS/SiO2The synthesis process of the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion comprises the steps of adding 1m L ethylenediamine into 600m L tetrahydrofuran, stirring for 0.5 hour at 100 revolutions per minute, then dripping 3m L polymethyl hydrogen siloxane at the speed of 0.1m L per minute, continuing to stir for 0.5 hour at 100 revolutions per minute, dripping 26m L ethyl orthosilicate at the speed of 1m L per minute, stirring for 12 hours at 100 revolutions per minute, adding 1m L deionized water, stirring for 3 hours at 500 revolutions per minute, and fully hydrolyzing the ethyl orthosilicate to obtain the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsionTo PHMS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
The preparation process of the rubber powder comprises the steps of adding 3g of zinc oxide, 1g of stearic acid, 1g of rubber accelerator NS 1g and 2g of sulfur into 200g of styrene butadiene rubber, mixing for 5 minutes at 70 ℃ to obtain a mixed product, and vulcanizing the mixed product, wherein the vulcanization process is × 15MPa × t at 150 DEG C90Collecting the vulcanization product; and grinding the vulcanization product into powder by using grinding equipment, and sieving the powder by using a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the rubber powder.
[ examples 8 to 16 ]
The grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves comprises the following components in parts by weight: 400 parts of cement, 70 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of mineral powder, 13 parts of water reducing agent, 180 parts of rubber powder and PHMS/SiO275 parts of silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion, 30 parts of calcium carbonate, 620 parts of quartz sand, 470 parts of shale ceramsite, 6 parts of cellulose ether and 220 parts of water.
The PHMS/SiO2The synthesis process of the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion comprises the steps of adding 1m L ethylenediamine into 600m L tetrahydrofuran, stirring for 0.5 hour at 100 revolutions per minute, then dripping 3m L polymethyl hydrogen siloxane at the speed of 0.1m L per minute, continuing to stir for 0.5 hour at 100 revolutions per minute, dripping 26m L ethyl orthosilicate at the speed of 1m L per minute, stirring for 12 hours at 100 revolutions per minute, adding 1m L deionized water, stirring for 3 hours at 500 revolutions per minute, and fully hydrolyzing the ethyl orthosilicate to obtain PHMS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
The preparation process of the rubber powder comprises the following steps:
(1) purifying kaolin: mixing kaolin and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 4, mixing, adding sodium polyacrylate accounting for 1% of the mass of the kaolin as a dispersing agent, stirring at 800 rpm for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the kaolin, standing for 8 hours, discarding bottom silt, collecting upper-layer suspension, and adjusting the solid content to 15% by using water to obtain kaolin suspension;
(2) blending: mixing 300g of kaolin suspension and 160g of styrene butadiene rubber, and stirring for 30 minutes at 100 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixture;
(3) coagulating, namely adding a coagulant aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.5 percent into the mixture obtained in the step (2) at the speed of 10m L/min, wherein the dosage of the coagulant aqueous solution is 0.7 percent of the mass of the mixture, so as to realize the co-coagulation of the kaolin/rubber, stirring for 20 minutes at 4000 rpm, obtaining a bottom solid, washing the bottom solid by using water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying at 60 ℃ until the weight is not changed any more, so as to obtain a dried co-coagulation product;
(4) mixing, adding zinc oxide 3g, stearic acid 1g, rubber accelerator NS 1g, and sulfur 2g into per 200g dried co-coagulation product, mixing at 70 deg.C for 5 min to obtain mixed product, and vulcanizing at 150 deg.C, × 15MPa, × t90Collecting the vulcanization product; and grinding the vulcanization product into powder by using grinding equipment, and sieving the powder by using a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the rubber powder.
Unlike embodiments 1 to 7, embodiments 8 to 16 are different in that: the coagulant was replaced by l from HCl.
And (3) testing mechanical properties: the mechanical properties were determined according to GB-T528-1998 standard using a GT-AI-7000-GD universal electronic tensile tester (GOTECH test machines).
The specific test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of the rubber powders
From table 2 the following conclusions can be drawn:
(1) also as a strong acid type coagulant, the rubber powder prepared by coagulation with sulfuric acid has higher tear strength and tensile strength than the rubber powder prepared by coagulation with hydrochloric acid.
(2) Comparison of HCl and ZnCl2、CaCl2、FeCl3The rubber powder prepared by the four coagulants has the known mechanical properties of higher tear strength but lower tensile property, so the sulfuric acid or the sulfate is selected to be usedAs a subsequent coagulant. However, sulfuric acid as a coagulant also has the following disadvantages: h in the coagulant during coagulation+Can be adsorbed on the surface of kaolinite particles, accelerates the aging of the rubber material in the subsequent drying, vulcanization and use processes, influences the crosslinking density of the rubber material, changes the type of crosslinking bonds, and finally influences the application performance of the material. It is therefore more suitable to use a sulphate as coagulant.
(3) Comparative Fe2(SO4)3、P-FeSO4、Al2(SO4)3、KAl(SO4)2The mechanical property of the rubber powder prepared by the coagulation products obtained by the four coagulants, Al2(SO4)3、KAl(SO4)2And simultaneously has higher tearing strength and tensile strength.
[ examples 17 to 19 ] of the present invention
The grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves comprises the following components in parts by weight: 400 parts of cement, 70 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of mineral powder, 13 parts of water reducing agent, 180 parts of rubber powder and PHMS/SiO275 parts of silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion, 30 parts of calcium carbonate, 620 parts of quartz sand, 470 parts of shale ceramsite, 6 parts of cellulose ether and 220 parts of water.
The PHMS/SiO2The synthesis process of the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion comprises the steps of adding 1m L ethylenediamine into 600m L tetrahydrofuran, stirring for 0.5 hour at 100 revolutions per minute, then dripping 3m L polymethyl hydrogen siloxane at the speed of 0.1m L per minute, continuing to stir for 0.5 hour at 100 revolutions per minute, dripping 26m L ethyl orthosilicate at the speed of 1m L per minute, stirring for 12 hours at 100 revolutions per minute, adding 1m L deionized water, stirring for 3 hours at 500 revolutions per minute, and fully hydrolyzing the ethyl orthosilicate to obtain PHMS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
The preparation process of the rubber powder comprises the following steps:
(1) purifying kaolin: mixing kaolin and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 4, mixing, adding sodium polyacrylate accounting for 1% of the mass of the kaolin as a dispersing agent, stirring at 800 rpm for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the kaolin, standing for 8 hours, discarding bottom silt, collecting upper-layer suspension, and adjusting the solid content to 15% by using water to obtain kaolin suspension;
(2) modification: mixing the kaolin suspension obtained in the step (1) with silane, wherein the amount of the silane is 2% of the mass of the kaolin in the step (1), and stirring the mixture at 80 ℃ at 300 revolutions per minute for 30 minutes to obtain modified kaolin slurry;
(3) blending: mixing 300g of the modified kaolin suspension obtained in the step (2) with 160g of styrene butadiene rubber, stirring at 100 revolutions per minute for 30 minutes, adsorbing part of silane on the surface of kaolin, and allowing the excess silane to enter micelles of a rubber emulsification system to obtain a mixture;
(4) coagulation, adding 0.5% by mass of KAl (SO) to the mixture obtained in step (3) at a rate of 10m L/min4)2Aqueous solution, KAl (SO)4)2The dosage of the aqueous solution is 0.7 percent of the mass of the mixture so as to realize the co-coagulation of the kaolin/the rubber; then stirring for 20 minutes at 4000 revolutions per minute to obtain a bottom solid; washing the bottom solid with water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying at 60 ℃ until the weight is not changed any more to obtain a dried co-coagulation product;
(5) mixing, adding zinc oxide 3g, stearic acid 1g, rubber accelerator NS 1g, and sulfur 2g into per 200g dried co-coagulation product, mixing at 70 deg.C for 5 min to obtain mixed product, and vulcanizing at 150 deg.C, × 15MPa, × t90Collecting the vulcanization product; and grinding the vulcanization product into powder by using grinding equipment, and sieving the powder by using a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the rubber powder.
Examples 17 to 19 differ in that: the silane species used varied, with aminosilane being used for example 17, vinylsilane for example 18 and sulfanylsilane for example 19.
And (3) testing mechanical properties: the mechanical properties were determined according to GB-T528-1998 standard using a GT-AI-7000-GD universal electronic tensile tester (GOTECH test machines).
The specific test results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 mechanical Properties of the rubber powders
Aminosilane, vinylsilane, and sulfanylsilane are the three most common modifiers in powder modification. Wherein the aminosilane has better water solubility and is-NH2The functional group has positive charge due to protonation, and is easily adsorbed by kaolinite on the surface of negative charge; the vinyl silane contains unsaturated C ═ C double bonds and can participate in rubber vulcanization reaction; the sulfenyl silane contains a sulfur atom ring, and can provide a sulfur atom in rubber vulcanization reaction to participate in the reaction.
As can be seen from Table 3, the use of aminosilane gives a rubber material having an excellent balance of properties as compared with vinylsilane and thiosilanes. Presumably, the reason for this may be: the water solubility of the sulfenyl silane is poor, and the sulfenyl silane cannot be fully contacted with the kaolin for modification; when the vinyl silane is modified, the water solubility is poor, and the molecules of the vinyl silane do not contain crosslinking sulfur atoms, so that the mechanical properties of the composite material are not improved, and the tensile strength is even reduced.
[ example 20 ]
The grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves comprises the following components in parts by weight: 400 parts of cement, 70 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of mineral powder, 13 parts of water reducing agent, 180 parts of rubber powder and FAS/SiO275 parts of silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion, 30 parts of calcium carbonate, 620 parts of quartz sand, 470 parts of shale ceramsite, 6 parts of cellulose ether and 220 parts of water.
The FAS/SiO2The synthesis process of the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion comprises the steps of adding ammonia water with the mass fraction of 25% of 6m L into absolute ethyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 30m L at room temperature, stirring the mixture for 0.5 hour at the speed of 100 r/min to obtain a solution A, dripping 5m L ethyl orthosilicate and 0.5m L tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane into absolute ethyl alcohol with the speed of 0.1m L at the speed of 0.1m L/min, stirring the solution B for 0.5 hour at the speed of 100 r/min to obtain a solution B, mixing the solution A and the solution B, continuously stirring the solution A and the solution B at the speed of 100 r/min for 12 hours, and dispersing the mixture for 5 minutes under the conditions of the ultrasonic power of 300W and the ultrasonic frequency of2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
The preparation process of the rubber powder comprises the following steps:
(1) purifying kaolin: mixing kaolin and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 4, mixing, adding sodium polyacrylate accounting for 1% of the mass of the kaolin as a dispersing agent, stirring at 800 rpm for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the kaolin, standing for 8 hours, discarding bottom silt, collecting upper-layer suspension, and adjusting the solid content to 15% by using water to obtain kaolin suspension;
(2) modification: mixing the kaolin suspension obtained in the step (1) with aminosilane, wherein the dosage of the aminosilane is 2% of the mass of the kaolin in the step (1), and stirring the mixture for 30 minutes at 80 ℃ at 300 r/min to obtain modified kaolin slurry;
(3) blending: mixing 300g of the modified kaolin suspension obtained in the step (2) with 160g of styrene butadiene rubber, stirring at 100 revolutions per minute for 30 minutes, adsorbing part of silane on the surface of kaolin, and allowing the excess silane to enter micelles of a rubber emulsification system to obtain a mixture;
(4) coagulation, adding 0.5% by mass of KAl (SO) to the mixture obtained in step (3) at a rate of 10m L/min4)2Aqueous solution, KAl (SO)4)2The dosage of the aqueous solution is 0.7 percent of the mass of the mixture so as to realize the co-coagulation of the kaolin/the rubber; then stirring for 20 minutes at 4000 revolutions per minute to obtain a bottom solid; washing the bottom solid with water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying at 60 ℃ until the weight is not changed any more to obtain a dried co-coagulation product;
(5) mixing, adding zinc oxide 3g, stearic acid 1g, rubber accelerator NS 1g, and sulfur 2g into per 200g dried co-coagulation product, mixing at 70 deg.C for 5 min to obtain mixed product, and vulcanizing at 150 deg.C, × 15MPa, × t90Collecting the vulcanization product; and grinding the vulcanization product into powder by using grinding equipment, and sieving the powder by using a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the rubber powder.
[ example 21 ]
The grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves comprises the following components in parts by weight: 400 parts of cement, 70 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of mineral powder, 13 parts of a water reducing agent, 180 parts of rubber powder, 75 parts of silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion, 30 parts of calcium carbonate, 620 parts of quartz sand, 470 parts of shale ceramsite, 6 parts of cellulose ether and 220 parts of water.
The silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion is PHMS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion and FAS/SiO2The silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1, in a mixture of the components.
The PHMS/SiO2The synthesis process of the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion comprises the steps of adding 1m L ethylenediamine into 600m L tetrahydrofuran, stirring for 0.5 hour at 100 revolutions per minute, then dripping 3m L polymethyl hydrogen siloxane at the speed of 0.1m L per minute, continuing to stir for 0.5 hour at 100 revolutions per minute, dripping 26m L ethyl orthosilicate at the speed of 1m L per minute, stirring for 12 hours at 100 revolutions per minute, adding 1m L deionized water, stirring for 3 hours at 500 revolutions per minute, and fully hydrolyzing the ethyl orthosilicate to obtain PHMS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
The FAS/SiO2The synthesis process of the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion comprises the steps of adding ammonia water with the mass fraction of 25% of 6m L into absolute ethyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 30m L at room temperature, stirring the mixture for 0.5 hour at the speed of 100 r/min to obtain a solution A, dripping 5m L ethyl orthosilicate and 0.5m L tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane into absolute ethyl alcohol with the speed of 0.1m L at the speed of 0.1m L/min, stirring the solution B for 0.5 hour at the speed of 100 r/min to obtain a solution B, mixing the solution A and the solution B, continuously stirring the solution A and the solution B at the speed of 100 r/min for 12 hours, and dispersing the mixture for 5 minutes under the conditions of the ultrasonic power of 300W and the ultrasonic frequency of2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
The preparation process of the rubber powder comprises the following steps:
(1) purifying kaolin: mixing kaolin and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 4, mixing, adding sodium polyacrylate accounting for 1% of the mass of the kaolin as a dispersing agent, stirring at 800 rpm for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the kaolin, standing for 8 hours, discarding bottom silt, collecting upper-layer suspension, and adjusting the solid content to 15% by using water to obtain kaolin suspension;
(2) modification: mixing the kaolin suspension obtained in the step (1) with aminosilane, wherein the dosage of the aminosilane is 2% of the mass of the kaolin in the step (1), and stirring the mixture for 30 minutes at 80 ℃ at 300 r/min to obtain modified kaolin slurry;
(3) blending: mixing 300g of the modified kaolin suspension obtained in the step (2) with 160g of styrene butadiene rubber, stirring at 100 revolutions per minute for 30 minutes, adsorbing part of silane on the surface of kaolin, and allowing the excess silane to enter micelles of a rubber emulsification system to obtain a mixture;
(4) coagulation, adding 0.5% by mass of KAl (SO) to the mixture obtained in step (3) at a rate of 10m L/min4)2Aqueous solution, KAl (SO)4)2The dosage of the aqueous solution is 0.7 percent of the mass of the mixture so as to realize the co-coagulation of the kaolin/the rubber; then stirring for 20 minutes at 4000 revolutions per minute to obtain a bottom solid; washing the bottom solid with water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying at 60 ℃ until the weight is not changed any more to obtain a dried co-coagulation product;
(5) mixing, adding zinc oxide 3g, stearic acid 1g, rubber accelerator NS 1g, and sulfur 2g into per 200g dried co-coagulation product, mixing at 70 deg.C for 5 min to obtain mixed product, and vulcanizing at 150 deg.C, × 15MPa, × t90Collecting the vulcanization product; and grinding the vulcanization product into powder by using grinding equipment, and sieving the powder by using a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the rubber powder.
[ example 21 ]
The preparation method of the grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring the fly ash, the mineral powder and the quartz sand to obtain mixed aggregates;
(2) uniformly mixing the rubber powder and the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion to obtain mixed emulsion for later use;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the cement, the mixed aggregate obtained in the step (1), calcium carbonate, shale ceramsite and water, then adding the mixed emulsion obtained in the step (2), and finally adding a water reducing agent and cellulose ether to obtain the grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil cavern.
[ example 22 ]
The application of the grouting material for reinforcing the silty clay karst caves comprises the following steps:
step A: carrying out drilling construction by adopting an XY-2PCG type engineering geological drilling machine, and adopting a sleeve following mode, wherein the diameter phi of a drilled hole is 108mm, the diameter phi of a drilled hole is 90mm, and the depth of the drilled hole enters 2m of bedrock; if the drill bit does not enter the bedrock when the drill bit is drilled to the depth of 12m, finishing drilling;
and B: after drilling, a grouting steel pipe is put into the sleeve; b kinds of grouting steel pipes are arranged at the grouting part, and A kinds of grouting steel pipes are arranged at the non-grouting part; the grouting pipes are connected by screw threads; pulling out the sleeve after the grouting pipe is inserted; the grouting steel pipe is made of a seamless steel pipe with the diameter of 75mm and the length of 7-12 m; the type A grouting steel pipe is not provided with grout overflow holes, the type B grouting steel pipe is provided with grout overflow holes, the distance between the grout overflow holes is 50cm, the diameter phi of the grout overflow holes is 8mm, and the diameter phi of the milled holes is 12 mm;
and C: filling a gap between the drilling hole and the grouting pipe in a range from 3m below the rail line to the bottom of the hole by using pea stones with the diameter of less than 5 mm; filling cement mortar in a range of 3m below the rail surface for hole sealing to prevent slurry return during grouting;
step D: adopts a ZJB/BP-30 type grouting pump and adopts a full-hole one-time mode to inject grouting materials for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves, and the single-hole grouting amount is 2m3And the grouting is finished at the final pressure of 3MPa, the grouting speed of 5L/min and the duration of 10 minutes.
Test example 1
Referring to the preparation method of example 21, a grouting material for reinforcing a powder cohesive soil cavern is prepared, poured on an iron plate, and after being turned and stirred evenly by hand, the grouting material is loaded into a mold with 100mm × 100mm × 100mm prepared in advance, the mold is placed into a curing room after being compacted by a vibration table, the mold is removed and the curing is carried out after 24 hours, then the compressive strength is tested according to GB/T50081-2002 Standard test method for mechanical Properties of ordinary concrete at a specified age, and Table 4 is the average value of the test results of three parallel test blocks at the corresponding age.
TABLE 4 compression Strength test results Table
Test example 2
The sample is prepared according to the method of test example 1, cured for 28 days, naturally dried, and then sealed with epoxy resin on five sides, one side surface is reserved, and the sample is soaked in a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 3.5% for 84 days, and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient is tested by referring to "research on the chloride ion permeation resistance of ceramic powder concrete" (Yuanminsheng).
The specific test results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 diffusion coefficient test results table
From the data, the organosilicon and the inorganic silicon are compounded by adding the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion, so that on one hand, the fluidity of the grouting material can be improved, the grouting material is easy to stir uniformly, and the construction is convenient; on the other hand, after the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion is doped, the compressive strength of the grouting material can be improved while the fluidity of the grouting material is ensured. The reason is that: the nano silicon dioxide has the characteristic of high volcanic ash activity, reacts with hydration products such as calcium hydroxide, C-S-H gel and the like in the cement-based material to generate C-S-H gel or C-S-H gel with low calcium-silicon ratio, the surface roughness of the cement-based material is increased, the effect of stabilizing the surface hydrophobicity of the cement-based material under the dual effects of reducing the solid surface energy and constructing a micro-nano structure is realized, water molecules carrying harmful ions are effectively prevented from being immersed into the cement matrix, the cement-based material is compacted, and the porosity of the cement-based material is reduced.
It should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art will be able to make the description as a whole, and the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 300-500 parts of cement, 70-100 parts of fly ash, 50-130 parts of mineral powder, 10-15 parts of a water reducing agent, 100-250 parts of rubber powder, 50-100 parts of a silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion, 20-40 parts of calcium carbonate, 600-700 parts of quartz sand, 400-535 parts of shale ceramsite, 4-20 parts of cellulose ether and 100-300 parts of water.
2. The grouting material for silty clay cavern reinforcement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion is PHMS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
3. The grouting material for silty clay cavern reinforcement as recited in claim 2, wherein the PHMS/SiO is2The synthesis process of the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion comprises the steps of adding 1-3 m L ethylenediamine into 500-700 m L tetrahydrofuran, stirring for 0.5-1 hour at 100-300 revolutions per minute, adding 3-6 m L polymethylhydrosiloxane, continuing to stir for 0.5-2 hours at 100-300 revolutions per minute, adding 25-40 m L tetraethoxysilane, stirring for 12-16 hours, adding 1-3 m L water, stirring for 3-5 hours at 400-800 revolutions per minute, and fully hydrolyzing the tetraethoxysilane to obtain PHMS/SiO2Silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion.
4. The grouting material for silty clay cavern reinforcement as recited in claim 1, wherein the rubber powder is prepared by the following steps:
(1) purifying kaolin: mixing kaolin and water according to a mass ratio of 1: (3-5) mixing, adding sodium polyacrylate accounting for 1-2% of the mass of kaolin as a dispersing agent, stirring at 500-800 rpm for 2-4 hours to uniformly disperse, standing for 5-12 hours, then removing bottom silt, collecting an upper layer suspension, and adjusting to a solid content of 5-15% by using water to obtain a kaolin suspension;
(2) blending: mixing 200-400 g of kaolin suspension and 100-170 g of styrene butadiene rubber, and stirring for 30-60 minutes at a speed of 60-200 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixture;
(3) coagulating, namely adding a coagulant aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.3-0.5% into the mixture obtained in the step (2) at the speed of 1-10 m L/min, wherein the dosage of the coagulant aqueous solution is 0.7-1% of the mass of the mixture, so as to realize the co-coagulation of kaolin/rubber, then carrying out centrifugal separation, so as to obtain a bottom solid, washing the bottom solid with water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying at 50-60 ℃ until the weight is not changed, so as to obtain a dried co-coagulation product;
(4) mixing, namely adding 1-3 g of zinc oxide, 1-3 g of stearic acid, 1-2 g of rubber accelerator NS and 2-3 g of sulfur into per 200g of dried co-coagulation product, mixing for 5-10 minutes at 50-80 ℃ to obtain a mixed product, and vulcanizing the mixed product, wherein the vulcanization process is (150-180) DEG C × (15-20) MPa × t90Collecting the vulcanization product; and grinding the vulcanization product into powder by using a grinding device, and sieving to obtain the rubber powder.
5. The grouting material for silty clay cavern reinforcement as recited in claim 1, wherein the rubber powder is prepared by the following steps:
(1) purifying kaolin: mixing kaolin and water according to a mass ratio of 1: (3-5) mixing, adding sodium polyacrylate accounting for 1-2% of the mass of kaolin as a dispersing agent, stirring at 500-800 rpm for 2-4 hours to uniformly disperse, standing for 5-12 hours, then removing bottom silt, collecting an upper layer suspension, and adjusting to a solid content of 5-15% by using water to obtain a kaolin suspension;
(2) modification: mixing the kaolin suspension obtained in the step (1) with silane, wherein the amount of the silane is 1-3% of the mass of the kaolin in the step (1), and stirring at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ at 300-500 rpm for 30-60 minutes to obtain modified kaolin slurry;
(3) blending: mixing 200-400 g of the modified kaolin suspension obtained in the step (2) and 100-170 g of styrene butadiene rubber, and stirring for 30-60 minutes at a speed of 60-200 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixture;
(4) coagulating, namely adding a coagulant aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.3-0.5% into the mixture obtained in the step (3) at the speed of 1-10 m L/min, wherein the dosage of the coagulant aqueous solution is 0.7-1% of the mass of the mixture, so as to realize the co-coagulation of kaolin/rubber, then carrying out centrifugal separation, so as to obtain a bottom solid, washing the bottom solid with water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying at 50-60 ℃ until the weight is not changed, so as to obtain a dried co-coagulation product;
(5) mixing, namely adding 1-3 g of zinc oxide, 1-3 g of stearic acid, 1-2 g of rubber accelerator NS and 2-3 g of sulfur into per 200g of dried co-coagulation product, mixing for 5-10 minutes at 50-80 ℃ to obtain a mixed product, and vulcanizing the mixed product, wherein the vulcanization process is (150-180) DEG C × (15-20) MPa × t90Collecting the vulcanization product; and grinding the vulcanization product into powder by using a grinding device, and sieving to obtain the rubber powder.
6. Grouting material for silty-clay cavern reinforcement according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the coagulant is HCl, H2SO4、ZnCl2、ZnSO4、CaCl2、FeCl3、Fe2(SO4)3、P-FeSO4、Al2(SO4)3、KAl(SO4)2One or a mixture of several of them.
7. Grouting material for silty-clay cavern reinforcement according to claim 6, characterised in that the agglomerant is preferably Al2(SO4)3Or KAl (SO)4)2。
8. The grouting material for reinforcing the silty clay cavern according to claim 5, wherein the silane is one or a mixture of aminosilane, vinylsilane and sulfenyl silane.
9. The preparation method of the grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil cavern as recited in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring the fly ash, the mineral powder and the quartz sand to obtain mixed aggregates;
(2) uniformly mixing the rubber powder and the silicon-based nano hybrid emulsion to obtain mixed emulsion for later use;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the cement, the mixed aggregate obtained in the step (1), calcium carbonate, shale ceramsite and water, then adding the mixed emulsion obtained in the step (2), and finally adding a water reducing agent and cellulose ether to obtain the grouting material for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil cavern.
10. Use of a grouting material for the consolidation of silty clay caverns as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8, characterized by the following steps:
step A: drilling construction is carried out by adopting an engineering geological drilling machine, a sleeve following mode is adopted, and the drilling depth enters 2-3 m of bedrock; if the drill bit does not enter the bedrock when the drill bit is drilled to the depth of 12-15 m, finishing drilling;
and B: after drilling, a grouting steel pipe is put into the sleeve; b kinds of grouting pipes are arranged at the grouting part, and A kinds of grouting pipes are arranged at the non-grouting part; the grouting pipes are connected by screw threads; pulling out the sleeve after the grouting pipe is inserted;
and C: filling a gap between the drilling hole and the grouting pipe in a range from 3m below a track line to the bottom of the hole; filling cement mortar in a range of 3m below the rail surface for hole sealing to prevent slurry return during grouting;
step D: adopting a ZJB/BP-30 grouting pump, and adopting a full-hole one-time mode to inject grouting materials for reinforcing the silty cohesive soil karst caves, wherein the single-hole grouting amount is 0.1-2 m3And (3) finishing grouting at the final pressure of 1.5-3 MPa, at the grouting speed of 1-5L/min and for 10-15 minutes, and finishing grouting.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102155241A (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2011-08-17 | 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院 | Karst grouting reinforcement water-stop constructing method |
| CN105776998A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2016-07-20 | 合肥市再德高分子材料有限公司 | Injecting paste material for repairing roadbed bottom karst cave |
| CN107178077A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2017-09-19 | 江西省交通科学研究院 | Overburden layer grouting and reinforcing structure and its design method on a kind of karst area solution cavity |
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2020
- 2020-03-24 CN CN202010215358.1A patent/CN111393102A/en not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102155241A (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2011-08-17 | 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院 | Karst grouting reinforcement water-stop constructing method |
| CN105776998A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2016-07-20 | 合肥市再德高分子材料有限公司 | Injecting paste material for repairing roadbed bottom karst cave |
| CN107178077A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2017-09-19 | 江西省交通科学研究院 | Overburden layer grouting and reinforcing structure and its design method on a kind of karst area solution cavity |
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